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1648:, a prize of a white bull to the winner of a wrestling match as seeming 'to hark back to an ancient time when the presentation of such a valuable, and probably sacred beast, would have represented an offering to the gods'. For Matthews, the Bull-running at Tutbury, mentioned in another Robin Hood ballad, may have had similar significance.
1530:, lying in a manger. Traditional songs of Christmas often tell of the bull and the donkey warming the infant with their breath. This refers (or, at least, is referred) to the beginning of the book of the prophet Isaiah, where he says: "The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib." (Isaiah 1:3)
1301:
is seen to slay a sacrificial bull. Although there has been a great deal of speculation on the subject, the myth (i.e. the "mystery", the understanding of which was the basis of the cult) that the scene was intended to represent remains unknown. Because the scene is accompanied by a great number of
806:
In Rig Veda, Indra was often praised as a Bull (Vrsabha – 'vrsa' means he and bha means being or uksan- a bull aged five to nine years, which is still growing or just reached its full growth), with bull being an icon of power and virile strength not just in Aryan literature but in many IE cultures.
537:
pillar, representing "stability". According to this hypothesis, the form of each sign is drawn from a part of the anatomy of a bull, like some other hieroglyphic signs that are known to be based on body parts of animals. In
Egyptian belief semen was connected with life and, to some extent, with
440:
multiple sacred bulls were worshiped. A long succession of ritually perfect bulls were identified by the god's priests, housed in the temple for their lifetime, then embalmed and buried. The mother-cows of these animals were also revered, and buried in separate locations.
720:'s six primordial material creations that becomes the mythological progenitor of all beneficent animal life. Another Zoroastrian mythological bovine is Hadhayans, a gigantic bull so large that it could straddle the mountains and seas that divide the
538:"power" or "dominion", and some texts indicate the Egyptians believed semen originated in the bones. Therefore, Calvin and Schwabe suggest the signs are based on parts of the bull's anatomy through which semen was thought to pass: the ankh is a
2032:"Hosea 10:5 The people who live in Samaria fear for the calf-idol of Beth Aven. Its people will mourn over it, and so will its idolatrous priests, those who had rejoiced over its splendor, because it is taken from them into exile"
343:
The human-headed winged bulls protective genies called shedu or lamassu, ... were placed as guardians at certain gates or doorways of the city and the palace. Symbols combining man, bull, and bird, they offered protection against
1264:). Public taurobolia, enlisting the benevolence of Magna Mater on behalf of the emperor, became common in Italy and Gaul, Hispania and Africa. The last public taurobolium for which there is an inscription was carried out at
1132:
is usually translated "ox-eyed" Hera, but the term could just as well apply if the goddess had the head of a cow, and thus the epithet reveals the presence of an earlier, though not necessarily more primitive, iconic view.
1198:. Minotaur was fabled to be born of the Queen and a bull, bringing the king to build the labyrinth to hide his family's shame. Living in solitude made the boy wild and ferocious, unable to be tamed or beaten. Yet
2074:"Jeremiah 52:20 The bronze from the two pillars, the Sea and the twelve bronze bulls under it, and the movable stands, which King Solomon had made for the temple of the LORD, was more than could be weighed"
2053:"1 Kings 7:25 The Sea stood on twelve bulls, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south and three facing east. The Sea rested on top of them, and their hindquarters were toward the center"
277:
and
Livernon in France. Their life force may have been thought to have magical qualities, for early carvings of the aurochs have also been found. The impressive and dangerous aurochs survived into the
975:
reads "He took this from their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool and made it into a molten calf; and they said, 'This is your god, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt'."
744:) despairs over her lack of protection from an adequate herdsman. In the allegory, the cow represents humanity's lack of moral guidance, but in later Zoroastrianism, Geush Urvan became a
326:
was depicted as hybrids with bodies of either winged bulls or lions and heads of human males. The motif of a winged animal with a human head is common to the Near East, first recorded in
520:, in Egyptian, is both a religious concept of life-force/power and the word for bull. Andrew Gordon, an Egyptologist, and Calvin Schwabe, a veterinarian, argue that the origin of the
1443:
to render his gift propitious to those on whom he has bestowed it. They believe that mistletoe given in drink will impart fertility to any animal that is barren and that it is an
353:
or Iškur. The bull was his symbolic animal. He appeared bearded, often holding a club and thunderbolt while wearing a bull-horned headdress. Hadad was equated with the Greek god
902:
was chosen to capture the bull, as he was known for his valor and faithfulness. Since to capture the bull without killing it was not an easy task, Khamba's motherly sister
1254:, in which a bull was sacrificed for the well-being of the people and the state. Around the mid-2nd century, the practice became identified with the worship of
918:, bull masks made from real skulls were worn in rites. Bull-masked terracotta figurines and Neolithic bull-horned stone altars have been found in Cyprus.
281:
in
Anatolia and the Near East and were worshipped throughout that area as sacred animals; the earliest remnants of bull worship can be found at neolithic
984:
reads "even when they made an idol shaped like a calf and said, 'This is your god who brought you out of Egypt!' They committed terrible blasphemies."
1369:(bull feast), a shamanistic ritual in which a bull would be sacrificed and a seer would sleep in the bull's hide to have a vision of the future king.
87:
74:
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Bull figurines are common finds on archaeological sites across the Levant; two examples are the 16th century BCE (Middle Bronze Age) bull calf from
513:
during excavations in the 1930s. Some of their sarcophagi are similar to those in the
Serapeum, others are polylithic (made from multiple stones).
187:
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The druids—that is what they call their magicians—hold nothing more sacred than the mistletoe and a tree on which it is growing, provided it is
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coupled with her. Zeus took over the earlier roles, and, in the form of a bull that came forth from the sea, abducted the high-born
Phoenician
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distributed the destinies, he made Iškur inspector of the cosmos. In one litany, Iškur is proclaimed again and again as "
38:
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relates, and refers also to an archaic myth in which
Dionysus is slaughtered as a bull calf and impiously eaten by the
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is also invited to come as a bull, "with bull-foot raging." "Quite frequently he is portrayed with bull horns, and in
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In the
Classical period of Greece, the bull and other animals identified with deities were separated as their
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were collected on the creature's back. Yet another mythological bovine is that of the unnamed creature in the
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1609:. Its importance to the agricultural calendar influenced various bull figures in the mythologies of Ancient
972:
1507:. These are inseparably linked to bull-sacrifices by the vivid manner of their martyrdoms set by Christian
1194:(Greek for "Bull of Minos"), who the Greeks imagined as a man with the head of a bull at the center of the
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1630:
1578:
1564:
1303:
231:
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381:, lord of Karkara; twin-brother of Enki, lord of abundance, lord who rides the storm, lion of heaven.
2125:
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238:, whether lunar as in Mesopotamia or solar as in India, is the subject of various other cultural and
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The
Festival of Lughnasa: A Study of the Survival of the Celtic Festival of the Beginning of Harvest
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was so literally a heifer that she was stung by a gadfly, and it was in the form of a heifer that
1137:, 1976) Classical Greeks never otherwise referred to Hera simply as the cow, though her priestess
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592:
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1399:. … Mistletoe is rare and when found it is gathered with great ceremony, and particularly on the
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and falsely prophesied that the people of
Moirang would lead to miserable lives, if the powerful
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or the "horned devil" in contrast and conflict to earlier traditions. The bull is familiar in
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was another god of resurrection who was strongly linked to the bull. In a worship hymn from
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978:
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disclosed to Khamba the secrets of the bull, with which the bull was able to get captured.
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can be understood to refer to the idol as representing a separate god, or as representing
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1032:
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Vrsha means "to shower or to spray", in this context Indra showers strength and virility.
792:
678:
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interprets the scene from the ballad in which Sir
Richard-at-Lee awards, for the love of
2292:
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astrological allusions, the bull is generally assumed to represent the constellation of
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believers in some villages of Greece. It is specially associated to the feast of Saint
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growing on it, sacrificed two white bulls and used the mistletoe to cure infertility:
1202:'s constant warning is, "It is hazardous to project Greek tradition directly into the
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is related to two other signs of uncertain origin that often appear alongside it: the
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1601:'s winter sky. It is one of the oldest constellations, dating back to at least the
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1388:
1352:
1317:
1280:
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1221:, a kind of heraldic show-piece that concretely signified their numinous presence.
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198:. As such, numerous peoples throughout the world have at one point in time honored
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662:, in which participants of both sexes vaulted over bulls by grasping their horns.
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The Procession of the Bull Apis by Frederick Arthur Bridgman, oil on canvas, 1879
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1838:"Sanskrit (v)rsabhá-, Greek αρσην, ερσην: the spraying bull of Indo-European?"
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1306:. The basic elements of the tauroctony scene were originally associated with
995:, which would seem accurate as they were a fixture of near-eastern cultures.
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as Seri and Hurri ("Day" and "Night"), the bulls who carried the weather god
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752:. The 14th day of the month is named after her and is under her protection.
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at the close of the 3rd century. It was performed in honor of the emperors
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Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions
2019:
2007:
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in which a sacrificial bull played a role was that of the 1st–4th century
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Castor Marie-José, Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Mesopotamia,
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and worshipped by the Hebrews in the wilderness of the Sinai Peninsula (
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728:, "three burning places"), which derives from a legend in which three
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have several different mythological bovine creatures. One of these is
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We cannot recreate a specific context for the bull skulls with horns (
2073:
1590:
1504:
1432:
1424:
1375:, writing in the first century AD, describes a religious ceremony in
1265:
1211:
1206:." Only one Minoan image of a bull-headed man has been found, a tiny
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942:, and the 12th century BCE (Iron Age I) bull found at the so-called
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on their backs or in his chariot and grazed on the ruins of cities.
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1837:
1921:
Ashkelon: A Retrospecitve - 30 Years of the Leon Levy Expedition (
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1953:(1999). "The 'Bull Site' and the 'Einun Pottery' Reconsidered".
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reliefs alongside images of gods, such as in the cathedrals at
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The bull was also associated with the storm and rain god Adad,
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The bronze bull statuette discovered at the 12th century BCE "
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around 3000 BCE. The first distinct lamassu motif appeared in
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59:
18:
1640:
In his book 'Robin Hood: Green Lord of the Wildwood' (2016),
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484:
1984:
Israelite Religion and Biblical Theology: Collected Essays
1804:
The Quick and the Dead: Biomedical Theory in Ancient Egypt
1779:
The Quick and the Dead: Biomedical Theory in Ancient Egypt
1605:
when it marked the location of the Sun during the spring
1365:
of Cooley"). Early medieval Irish texts also mention the
1258:, but was not previously associated only with that cult (
646:, with bull heads and bull horns used as symbols in the
1597:. Taurus is a large and prominent constellation in the
1549:
has been repeatedly criticized by church authorities.
1455:
festival were recorded as late as the 18th century at
1435:, cuts down the mistletoe, which is caught in a white
1355:
are prized bulls that play a central role in the epic
1331:(the "bull with three cranes") is pictured on ancient
196:
Cattle are prominent in some religions and mythologies
966:
texts, as it symbolized both strength and fertility.
1186:
of Athens had to capture the ancient sacred bull of
1178:
For the Greeks, the bull was strongly linked to the
505:. The catacombs for these bulls are now know as the
1439:. Then finally they kill the victims, praying to a
1419:beneath a tree and bring up two white bulls, whose
591:) preserved in an 8th millennium BCE sanctuary at
1746:Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt
1423:are bound for the first time on this occasion. A
1297:), and which appears in all its temples, the god
836:, a supernatural divine bull, appears in ancient
681:standing in front of the Colossal Bull Head from
1986:, Continuum Int'l Publishing Group, p. 32,
1593:, which means it is crossed by the plane of the
2198:. Stroud: Amberly Publishing. pp. 23, 45.
1393:
1210:currently held in the Archaeological Museum of
273:European cave paintings such as those found at
1467:in Scotland (where they were offered to Saint
1316:lists the bull as an animal sacred to the god
1079:bull gods, rather than a new deity in itself.
531:, representing "power" or "dominion", and the
457:. Some of the Apis bulls were buried in large
2249:Prehistory and the Beginnings of Civilization
1190:(the "Marathonian bull") before he faced the
361:; the Indo-European Nasite Hittite storm-god
8:
2184:. Oxford University Press, 1962. pp.407, 410
1008:Young bulls were set as frontier markers at
595:in Central Anatolia. The sacred bull of the
2289:includes one example of the bull standards.
1802:Gordon, Andrew H.; Schwabe, Calvin (2004).
1071:himself, perhaps through an association or
242:incarnations as well as modern mentions in
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1320:, possibly being sacrifices to the deity.
1149:and brought her, significantly, to Crete.
599:, whose elaborate standards were found at
1248:of the 2nd to 4th centuries included the
795:as the primary vehicle and the principal
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
2272:(NY, Arno Press, 1976) pp. 113–114.
2132:. Syracuse University Press. p. 51.
987:Calf-idols are referred to later in the
817:
740:himself, in which the soul of a bovine (
412:
120:This article includes a list of general
90:of all important aspects of the article.
2196:Robin Hood: Green Lord of the Wild Wood
1860:. Popular Prakashan. 1877. p. 222.
1806:. Brill / Styx. pp. 104, 127–129.
1781:. Brill / Styx. pp. 104, 127–129.
1713:
1459:in Ireland (where they were offered to
375:great radiant bull, your name is heaven
2283:An exhibit on the tombs of Alaca Höyük
1826:Hawkes and Woolley, 1963; Vieyra, 1955
1005:" basin stood on twelve brazen bulls.
86:Please consider expanding the lead to
509:. Multiple Buchis mummies were found
7:
2295:The image of the bull in tattoo art.
1754:10.5743/cairo/9789774248580.003.0004
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
781:Bulls also appear on seals from the
736:, an allegorical hymn attributed to
2263:The Three Phases of the Taurobolium
2251:, v. 1 (NY, Harper & Row, 1963)
1890:"KAO - A Glimpse of Manipuri Opera"
1872:""Kao - the sacred bull" by Laihui"
1451:Bull sacrifices at the time of the
1431:climbs the tree and, with a golden
1052:
405:as an act of defiance of the gods.
2237:"2.The Consort of the Bull", 1964.
1573:San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja
1491:are connected with the legends of
1475:Medieval and modern and other uses
642:Bulls were a central theme in the
258:20,000-year-old cave paintings in
126:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2144:Exploring the World of the Druids
1923:Rockefeller Archaeological Museum
1836:Pronk, Tijmen (January 1, 2009).
1571:lead to the correct burial site (
1565:pulling the wagon with the corpse
962:were associated with the bull in
576:Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
461:in the underground vaults of the
34:This article has multiple issues.
1310:, the Greek goddess of victory.
558:is the dried penis of the bull.
111:
64:
23:
2146:. London: Thames & Hudson.
1956:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
1244:The religious practices of the
1027:, the bull motif became a bull
876:kingdom, wasn't offered to God
302:Human-headed winged bulls from
78:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
1585:for "the Bull") is one of the
1522:time. Many show a bull or an
1514:In some Christian traditions,
1167:he has a tauromorphic image,"
756:South Asia and South East Asia
449:was seen as the embodiment of
230:survives in the constellation
88:provide an accessible overview
1:
1844:– via www.academia.edu.
1777:Gordon & Schwabe (2004).
1407:in a native word that means '
426:
769:17th century sculpture of a
465:, which was rediscovered by
445:In the Memphite region, the
357:; the Roman god Jupiter, as
1842:Historische Sprachforschung
1518:are carved or assembled at
2387:
2287:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2258:(London, A. Tiranti, 1955)
2256:Hittite Art, 2300-750 B.C.
1969:10.1179/peq.1999.131.2.144
1159:, at a festival for Hera,
890:), the presiding deity of
885:
864:realm, pretended to be an
722:seven regions of the earth
570:Bull heads excavated from
2142:Miranda J. Green. (2005)
1411:,' they prepare a ritual
826:, being captured by hero
783:Indus Valley civilisation
497:was linked with the gods
377:" and also called son of
2324:Middle Eastern mythology
2093:Burkert 1985 pp. 64, 132
1982:Miller, Patrick (2000),
1552:The ox is the symbol of
1291:" artwork of that cult (
860:, a nobleman of ancient
852:). In the legend of the
692:texts and traditions of
2194:Matthews, John (2019).
1917:"A Calf and Its Shrine"
1016:, the frontiers of the
934:" in Samaria, West Bank
603:alongside those of the
421:, dating to Year 21 of
393:depicts the killing by
141:more precise citations.
2354:Mesopotamian mythology
1740:Dodson, Aidan (2005).
1511:in the third century.
1449:
1241:
1114:
1099:
935:
872:roaming freely in the
830:
778:
685:
639:
582:
479:was the embodiment of
433:
417:Stele dedicated to an
338:as a symbol of power.
322:guardian deity called
315:
263:
192:
2314:Comparative mythology
2268:Heinrich Schliemann,
2126:Davidson, Hilda Ellis
1533:Oxen are some of the
1401:sixth day of the moon
1232:
1111:Jean François de Troy
1105:
1090:
929:
822:A painting depicting
821:
768:
673:
630:
569:
416:
301:
269:are depicted in many
257:
190:
2319:Mythological bovines
2270:Troy and its Remains
2235:Occidental Mythology
1379:in which white-clad
1287:. In the so-called "
1073:religious syncretism
334:during the reign of
310:, modern Khorsabad (
1748:. pp. 72–102.
1599:northern hemisphere
1554:Luke the Evangelist
1545:. This practice of
1499:and his protégé in
1341:Notre Dame de Paris
1063:). The text of the
1039:episode wherein an
1025:Abrahamic religions
708:"uniquely created (
644:Minoan civilization
633:Bull-Leaping Fresco
463:Serapeum of Saqqara
365:; the Egyptian god
2349:Cattle in religion
2339:Mythological bulls
2261:Jeremy B. Rutter,
2102:Burkert 1985 p. 24
2018:biblelexicon.org,
2006:biblelexicon.org,
1673:Cattle in religion
1535:animals sacrificed
1409:healing all things
1285:Mithraic Mysteries
1242:
1236:of Mithras at the
1135:Heinrich Schlieman
1115:
1107:The Rape of Europa
1100:
1092:The Rape of Europa
1035:cultures from the
936:
831:
779:
686:
640:
583:
434:
359:Jupiter Dolichenus
336:Tiglath-Pileser II
316:
264:
250:In prehistoric art
202:as sacred. In the
193:
16:Cattle in religion
2265:, Phoenix (1968).
2254:Vieyra, Maurice:
2241:Hawkes, Jacquetta
1931:, Jerusalem. 2016
1813:978-90-04-12391-5
1788:978-90-04-12391-5
1678:Deer in mythology
1485:Iberian Peninsula
1427:arrayed in white
1383:climbed a sacred
1329:Tarvos Trigaranus
1266:Mactar in Numidia
1075:with Egyptian or
1018:Kingdom of Israel
991:, such as in the
858:Nongban Kongyamba
613:Hittite mythology
540:thoracic vertebra
390:Epic of Gilgamesh
204:Sumerian religion
185:
184:
177:
167:
166:
159:
105:
104:
57:
2376:
2245:Woolley, Leonard
2232:Campbell, Joseph
2210:
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1119:Twelve Olympians
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838:Meitei mythology
690:Iranian language
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1023:Much later, in
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1403:….Hailing the
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1200:Walter Burkert
1169:Walter Burkert
1096:Jacob Jordaens
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1061:Book of Exodus
1053:עֵגֶּל הַזָהָב
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2309:Sacred bulls
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2154:. Page 18–19
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2078:. Retrieved
2068:
2057:. Retrieved
2047:
2036:. Retrieved
2026:
2014:
2002:
1983:
1977:
1960:
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1920:
1911:
1906:Burkert 1985
1902:
1893:
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1866:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1831:
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1797:
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1772:
1745:
1742:"Bull Cults"
1716:
1688:Horned deity
1639:
1577:
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1481:bullfighting
1478:
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1353:Finnbhennach
1327:
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1293:
1281:mystery cult
1278:
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1246:Roman Empire
1243:
1225:Roman Empire
1218:
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1177:
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1091:
1065:Hebrew Bible
1022:
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977:
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882:Old Manipuri
832:
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741:
734:Cow's Lament
733:
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713:
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687:
660:bull-leaping
641:
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388:
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289:In antiquity
265:
227:
222:'s steed is
194:
171:
153:
144:
125:
93:
77:
75:lead section
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2111:Macrobius,
2008:Exodus 32:4
1703:Taurobolium
1683:Golden calf
1563:, the oxen
1543:Charalambos
1509:hagiography
1397:Valonia oak
1363:Cattle Raid
1256:Magna Mater
1251:taurobolium
1180:Cretan Bull
1045:golden calf
791:appears in
742:geush urvan
718:Ahura Mazda
716:)", one of
698:Gavaevodata
675:Assyriology
605:sacred stag
601:Alaca Höyük
294:Mesopotamia
271:Paleolithic
228:sacred bull
139:introducing
2369:Çatalhöyük
2303:Categories
2113:Saturnalia
2080:2012-10-30
2076:. Bible.cc
2059:2012-10-30
2055:. Bible.cc
2038:2012-10-30
2034:. Bible.cc
1935:5 February
1709:References
1698:Red heifer
1646:Robin Hood
1559:Among the
1465:Loch Maree
1318:Neto/Neito
1289:tauroctony
1270:Diocletian
1234:Tauroctony
1204:Bronze Age
1117:Among the
1003:Molten Sea
887:Thangching
870:Kao (bull)
850:Kangleipak
834:Kao (bull)
824:Kao (bull)
771:Nandi bull
710:-aevo.data
704:name of a
683:Persepolis
677:professor
593:Çatalhöyük
572:Çatalhöyük
554:, and the
495:Hermonthis
477:Heliopolis
459:sarcophagi
283:Çatalhöyük
246:cultures.
122:references
39:improve it
2168:, XVI, 95
1894:e-pao.net
1876:e-pao.net
1693:Mithraism
1668:Camahueto
1658:Bucranium
1561:Visigoths
1547:kourbania
1520:Christmas
1469:Máel Ruba
1463:) and at
1461:Crom Dubh
1429:vestments
1413:sacrifice
1389:mistletoe
1314:Macrobius
1240:, London.
1196:labyrinth
1077:Levantine
952:West Bank
944:Bull Site
932:Bull Site
894:. Orphan
878:Thangjing
738:Zoroaster
423:Psamtik I
395:Gilgamesh
304:Sargon II
240:religious
80:summarize
45:talk page
2128:(1988).
1652:See also
1595:ecliptic
1501:Pamplona
1497:Toulouse
1493:Saturnin
1453:Lughnasa
1445:antidote
1367:tarbfeis
1351:and the
1274:Maximian
1192:Minotaur
1188:Marathon
1161:Dionysus
1153:Dionysus
1037:Biblical
979:Nehemiah
964:Ugaritic
954:. Both
940:Ashkelon
842:folklore
726:Thrisaok
656:ceramics
597:Hattians
588:bucrania
529:-sceptre
469:in 1851.
386:Sumerian
344:enemies.
320:Sumerian
279:Iron Age
262:, France
216:Hinduism
147:May 2020
96:May 2020
2364:Aurochs
2285:at the
2216:Sources
1663:Bugonia
1623:Babylon
1619:Assyria
1607:equinox
1589:of the
1483:in the
1417:banquet
1339:and at
1333:Gaulish
1299:Mithras
1184:Theseus
1165:Kyzikos
1157:Olympia
1130:Bo-opis
1127:epithet
1043:of the
999:Solomon
950:on the
948:Samaria
898:prince
892:Moirang
862:Moirang
712:) cow (
702:Avestan
658:depict
652:frescos
648:Knossos
637:Knossos
609:Hurrian
574:in the
546:is the
511:in situ
507:Bucheum
401:of the
369:. When
332:Assyria
324:lamassu
275:Lascaux
267:Aurochs
260:Lascaux
244:New Age
135:improve
2359:Moloch
2202:
2150:
1990:
1927:. The
1810:
1785:
1760:
1633:, and
1631:Greece
1591:zodiac
1579:Taurus
1505:Fermin
1433:sickle
1425:priest
1381:druids
1361:("The
1347:, the
1304:Taurus
1294:cultus
1261:cultus
1219:agalma
1212:Chania
1173:Titans
1147:Europa
1113:, 1716
1098:, 1615
1083:Greece
1069:Yahweh
1049:Hebrew
1014:Bethel
989:Tanakh
970:Exodus
922:Levant
916:Cyprus
910:Cyprus
904:Khamnu
900:Khamba
896:Khuman
874:Khuman
866:oracle
856:epic,
775:Mysore
750:cattle
746:yazata
617:Teshub
580:Ankara
548:sacrum
542:, the
491:Buchis
473:Mnevis
455:Osiris
399:Enkidu
363:Teshub
312:Louvre
234:. The
232:Taurus
214:". In
208:Marduk
124:, but
1627:Egypt
1615:Akkad
1611:Sumer
1583:Latin
1528:Jesus
1437:cloak
1421:horns
1343:. In
1337:Trier
1324:Celts
1057:Aaron
1029:demon
956:Baʿal
801:Shiva
789:Nandi
623:Crete
503:Montu
409:Egypt
351:Hadad
224:Nandi
220:Shiva
200:bulls
2344:Baal
2228:1985
2200:ISBN
2148:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1937:2021
1808:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1635:Rome
1487:and
1415:and
1405:moon
1377:Gaul
1308:Nike
1272:and
1143:Zeus
1123:Hera
1041:idol
1012:and
1001:'s "
982:9:18
973:32:4
958:and
840:and
797:gana
714:gav-
688:The
666:Iran
654:and
631:The
611:and
550:and
544:djed
534:djed
522:ankh
501:and
481:Atum
451:Ptah
447:Apis
419:Apis
397:and
384:The
371:Enki
367:Amun
355:Zeus
328:Ebla
318:The
236:bull
1965:doi
1961:131
1750:doi
1575:).
1567:of
1537:by
1495:of
1471:).
1441:god
1385:oak
1125:'s
1010:Dan
946:in
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