455:
508:
441:
117:
469:
100:
782:
738:
86:
483:
1244:
127:
1088:
930:
With this situation, all the representatives elected to the
Regional Council, regardless of the party, opposed the system of autocratic rule in the Saar Territory. All parties demanded the return of the Saar Territory to Germany where the people could elect the parliament, and the latter again, the
896:
the
Governing Commission had to establish an assembly of elected representatives of the inhabitants of the Saar Territory in such a manner as the Governing Commission would determine itself. So on 24 March 1922, after four years without any official representation of the people, the Reko decreed the
918:
The
Regional Council counted 30 members, the Governing Commission deliberately determined one person as the chairperson, the president of the Regional Council (Landesratspräsident). In the first legislative period the Reko did not even choose the president from amongst its members. The assembly was
919:
no parliament, but only a consultative body; the representatives could be heard, but had no say in the agenda to be debated, let alone in legislation. The agenda of matters to be debated was exclusively set up by the
Governing Commission. The members of the Regional Council had neither the
577:. It had its own flag (adopted on July 28, 1920): a blue, white, and black horizontal tricolour. The blue and white stood for Bavaria, and white and black for Prussia, out of whose lands the Saar Territory was formed. Initially, the occupation was under the auspices of the
947:
leave the opposing block and support the status quo. For the 1935 status referendum, Social
Democrats and Communists suggested, unsuccessfully, that the voters should decide in favour of a continued status quo.
1228:, a French protectorate was established within borders similar to those of the Territory. A referendum was held on 23 October 1955 which ended French rule and influence. On January 1, 1957, the Saarland joined
649:) made up of representatives of the occupation forces. Under the terms of the mandate, the Commission had to include at least one French person and one German resident of the Saar. After the fifteen years, a
1042:
groups agitated for the
Saarland to remain under British and French occupation under a League of Nations mandate. However, as most of the region's population was German, the mandate was unpopular. A
899:
637:
611:
540:
1613:
927:. When the Governing Commission did not set an issue on the Regional Council's agenda, they could only send delegations to the League of Nations with pleas, and so they did.
1608:
1061:, against which Hitler was seen as a bulwark. With a voter participation of 98%, the result of the plebiscite was that the overwhelming majority, 90.8%, voted to re-join the
1643:
1065:, with only 8.8% wanting to retain the status quo, primarily as they did not wish to be ruled by Nazis. A third option of joining France received 0.4% of the vote.
957:
678:
275:
631:
mandate for a period of fifteen years. Its coalfields were also to be ceded to France. During this time, the Saar
Territory was governed by the five-person
1474:
30:
This article is about the League of
Nations protectorate established after World War I. For the French protectorate established after World War II, see
1603:
1138:
who had taken refuge in the territory and former politicians and office holders of the Saar who had collaborated with the occupation were imprisoned.
1072:
1564:
1638:
1556:
1399:
1323:
1057:
designed a concerted campaign to sway voters. The support of the local
Catholic authorities for a return also helped, as did concerns about
1633:
912:
908:
677:, whose populations included a significant number of the miners who worked in the Saar coal mines. The Territory issued its own
788:
240:
1628:
1623:
1043:
1025:
594:
361:
99:
923:, nor the right to actively bring a subject to the agenda, nor the right to table a bill. Its members did not enjoy
1512:
920:
574:
907:). In June 1922 the Governing Commission held the first election of the Regional Council, and starting with the
1618:
85:
1003:
981:
318:
299:
1068:
Following the vote, Hitler announced that
Germany "had no further territorial demands to make of France."
991:
976:
924:
294:
1272:
1173:
570:
446:
1348:
1034:
moved to the Saar, as it was the only part of Germany that remained under foreign occupation following
116:
854:
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578:
347:
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1158:
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488:
313:
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221:
1268:
1207:
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932:
187:
781:
1395:
1319:
1313:
1262:
1219:
1190:
1185:
893:
628:
148:
31:
1387:
1199:
1169:
1117:
670:
183:
91:
1122:
1054:
911:
the legislation period was extended from three to four years, with elections in 1928, and
737:
558:
544:
334:
179:
175:
66:
52:
935:. Only after the Nazi takeover in Germany, outlawing all other parties except their own
1532:
Cf. Rainer Freyer, "Die Entstehung der Parteien im Saarland nach dem 2. Weltkrieg", on:
892:
or "Reko" for short) decided on all legislation alone. According to paragraph 23 of the
693:
The Saar region was governed by the following Chairmen of the Commission of Government:
1249:
1203:
1109:
840:
663:
660:
620:
582:
566:
460:
163:
1551:
1597:
1288:
821:
264:
252:
126:
1495:
1283:
1229:
1225:
1150:
1113:
1091:
1062:
1050:
586:
501:
151:
749:
226:
1035:
1278:
1239:
1058:
682:
650:
412:
1579:
1566:
1533:
1391:
1372:
The extent of the territory is specified in Article 48, Treaty of Versailles
1177:
1096:
1053:
anxious for the propaganda advantages of the return of the Saar to Germany,
1039:
885:
1438:
Cf. Paragraph 26, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45–50, Treaty of Versailles.
1417:
Cf. Paragraph 23, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45–50, Treaty of Versailles.
1210:, which handed over the occupation to French forces in July the same year.
1426:
Paragraph 16-17, Chapter II, Annex to Article 45-50, Treaty of Versailles.
1100:
of Westmark, which would include the Saar region, is shown here in yellow.
609:, the highly industrialized Saar Basin, including the Saar Coal District (
17:
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1128:
1076:
590:
1105:
1087:
667:
657:
526:
474:
1075:
was responsible for the successful settlement of the Saar refugees in
1149:, "Reich Commissioner for the Saarland," on 17 June 1936. As the new
1135:
807:
770:
624:
1206:
until 21 March 1945, when the region was conquered by troops of the
897:
formation of a Saar Territory assembly called the Regional Council (
1478:
1154:
936:
1384:
The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration
1195:, "Reich Governor in the Western March." On 28 September 1944,
944:
940:
1557:
Part III - Political Clauses for Europe, Treaty of Versailles
888:; instead, the Governing Commission (known in German as the
653:
would be implemented to determine the Saar's future status.
581:. Its population in 1933 was 812,000, and its capital was
1161:, the region's name was changed again on 8 April 1940 to
1030:
In 1933, a considerable number of political opponents of
202:
1552:
Saarland in the page about Germany on WorldStatesmen.org
1112:. On 1 March, Germany re-integrated the region into the
952:
Government-appointed presidents of the Regional Council
1180:. The region's name was finalized on 11 March 1941 as
27:
League of Nations Mandate in Weimar Republic (1920–35)
1188:" or "Western Boundary," with its governor styled as
1127:, "Reich Commissioner for the reincorporation of the
585:. The territory closely corresponds with the modern
1141:When re-incorporation was considered complete, the
522:
408:
394:
385:
371:
358:
344:
330:
307:
288:
274:
258:
246:
234:
215:
201:
193:
171:
157:
143:
121:
The Saar Basin within the Weimar Republic (Germany)
39:
1449:Amtsblatt der Regierungskommission des Saargebiets
1104:On 17 January 1935, the territory's reunion with
1318:(in German). Walter de Gruyter. 1 January 2000.
1434:
1432:
1413:
1411:
1475:"Die Anfänge der Sozialdemokratie an der Saar"
1349:"Saarland: Heads of Administration: 1920–1935"
1338:Article 45-50 with Annex, Treaty of Versailles
1046:was held in the territory on 13 January 1935.
138:-The Saar Basin (red) -The Saar Basin (purple)
1614:States and territories disestablished in 1935
131:Close up image of Territory of the Saar Basin
8:
656:The Territory comprised the portions of the
565:) was a region occupied and governed by the
552:
161:
58:
44:
1480:Solidarisch und stark. SPD-Landtagsfraktion
1609:States and territories established in 1920
1513:"Nansen International Office for Refugees"
1491:
1489:
619:), was to be occupied and governed by the
593:, but was slightly smaller in area. After
125:
115:
36:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1086:
1073:Nansen International Office for Refugees
961:
695:
136:Maps of the Territory of the Saar Basin
1644:Former countries of the interwar period
1305:
909:second election of the Regional Council
384:
880:Regional Council of the Saar Territory
1157:, including the Bavarian district of
1125:fĂĽr die RĂĽckgliederung des Saarlandes
393:
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370:
357:
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306:
287:
283:
273:
257:
245:
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214:
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200:
7:
689:Chairman of the Governing Commission
1265:, under French control (1947–1956).
1172:, the re-annexed territory of the
958:Presidents of the Regional Council
25:
1010:24 March 1924 – 28 February 1935
46:Saarbeckengebiet, Saarterritorium
1604:1935 disestablishments in Europe
1538:, retrieved on 20 February 2014.
1535:Die Parteien im Saarland 1945-59
1242:
1147:Reichskommissar fĂĽr das Saarland
780:
736:
563:Territoire du bassin de la Sarre
506:
481:
467:
453:
439:
98:
84:
60:Territoire du bassin de la Sarre
1145:'s title was changed again to
699:
597:, it was returned to Germany.
1:
1639:1920 establishments in Europe
1483:, retrieved 20 February 2014.
988:19 July 1922 – 23 March 1924
939:, did the Bezirk Saar of the
595:a plebiscite was held in 1935
1026:Saar status referendum, 1935
870:2 years, 333 days
837:4 years, 296 days
1202:died, and was succeeded by
943:and the Saar branch of the
767:6 years, 33 days
536:Territory of the Saar Basin
41:Territory of the Saar Basin
1660:
1634:League of Nations mandates
1217:
1023:
955:
884:The Saar Territory had no
804:1 year, 69 days
789:George Washington Stephens
573:from 1920 to 1935 under a
276:President of the Landesrat
29:
1500:Hitler: 1889-1936: Hubris
716:
713:
706:
703:
698:
575:League of Nations mandate
418:
404:
390:
381:
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284:
270:
211:
112:
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75:
1392:10.1017/CBO9780511585937
1176:was incorporated in the
1382:Stahn, Carsten (2008).
921:right of interpellation
1275:of France (1798–1814).
1101:
904:
642:
616:
562:
553:
548:
373:• Disestablished
162:
59:
45:
1174:CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
1165:, "Saar-Palatinate."
1094:in 1941. The planned
1090:
447:Free State of Prussia
172:Common languages
1629:Treaty of Versailles
1153:was extended to the
1108:was approved by the
977:Bartholomäus Koßmann
890:Regierungskommission
855:Geoffrey George Knox
643:Regierungskommission
633:Governing Commission
607:Treaty of Versailles
601:Governing Commission
579:Treaty of Versailles
348:Treaty of Versailles
1624:History of Saarland
1576: /
1294:Free City of Danzig
1214:French protectorate
1184:, meaning "Western
489:Circle of the Rhine
203:Commission Chairman
1208:United States Army
1197:Reich Commissioner
1134:Many opponents of
1102:
1032:National Socialism
933:self-determination
681:and currency (the
188:Moselle Franconian
1502:(1998) pp.546-547
1401:978-0-521-87800-5
1325:978-3-4867-1832-4
1263:Saar Protectorate
1220:Saar Protectorate
1191:Reichsstatthalter
1017:
1016:
894:Versailles Treaty
877:
876:
867:28 February 1935
761:26 February 1920
629:League of Nations
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531:
518:
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494:
493:
309:• 1924–1935
290:• 1922–1924
260:• 1932–1935
248:• 1927–1932
236:• 1926–1927
217:• 1920–1926
197:Special territory
149:League of Nations
32:Saar Protectorate
16:(Redirected from
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1580:49.383°N 6.833°E
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1123:Reichskommissar
1085:
1055:Joseph Goebbels
1038:. As a result,
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714:Term of office
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1451:, 1922, p. 41.
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1356:. Retrieved
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1230:West Germany
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502:Gau Westmark
429:Succeeded by
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396:• 1933
377:1 March 1935
350:took effect
222:Victor Rault
105:Coat of arms
1583: /
1518:20 November
1358:20 November
1204:Willi Stöhr
1083:German rule
1036:World War I
1002: [
980: [
860:(1884–1958)
827:(1870–1952)
794:(1866–1942)
757:(1858–1930)
748: [
583:SaarbrĂĽcken
424:Preceded by
317: [
298: [
225: [
164:SaarbrĂĽcken
1598:Categories
1279:Saar River
1273:department
1168:After the
1159:Palatinate
1059:Bolshevism
1044:plebiscite
1020:Plebiscite
683:Saar franc
675:Palatinate
651:plebiscite
617:Saarrevier
605:Under the
413:Saar franc
386:Population
362:Plebiscite
295:B. KoĂźmann
194:Government
152:protection
18:Saargebiet
1178:Reichsgau
1163:Saarpfalz
1097:Reichsgau
1040:anti-Nazi
905:Landesrat
900:‹See Tfd›
886:home rule
704:Portrait
638:‹See Tfd›
612:‹See Tfd›
541:‹See Tfd›
76:1920–1935
1258:Saarland
1236:See also
1182:Westmark
1143:governor
1129:Saarland
1077:Paraguay
925:immunity
903:German:
717:Country
671:district
668:Bavarian
666:and the
658:Prussian
641:German:
627:under a
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591:Saarland
409:Currency
1568:49°23′N
1106:Germany
968:Period
913:in 1932
673:of the
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475:Bavaria
400:812,000
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1571:6°50′E
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971:Party
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771:France
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1300:Notes
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1186:March
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1049:With
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937:NSDAP
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1520:2018
1447:Cf.
1396:ISBN
1360:2018
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1271:, a
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707:Name
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623:and
569:and
534:The
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941:SPD
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