327:
to remove surface metal ions. Her early work considered signalling that responded to copper, but she has since expanded into iron sensing and the impact of iron deficiencies on photosynthesis. In an effort to understand copper sensing, she studied mutants that did not produce plastocyanin. She
192:. She was unsure what to specialise in, and took an aptitude test at the age of 12. Merchant scored well in the science and the humanities, but was selected for the sciences as there were not enough girls in the class. Merchant attended the
323:(UCLA). She works on metal nutrient deficiency, which requires water purification systems to generate water that is free of metal contaminants. In her lab experiments are performed in rigorously cleaned glassware, using
960:
Redinbo, Matthew R.; Cascio, Duilio; Choukair, Marie K.; Rice, Danny; Merchant, Sabeeha; Yeates, Todd O. (1993-10-12). "The 1.5-.ANG. crystal structure of plastocyanin from the green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii".
332:
regulation was CRR1 (Copper
Response Regulator). She worked with Todd Yeates on the structure and genetics of plastocyanin and cytochrome c, uncovering the crystal structures of both proteins. She was awarded the
916:
Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Anwar, Haroon P.; Interrante, Robert; Merchant, Sabeeha; Yeates, Todd O. (1995). "The
Structure of Chloroplast Cytochromec6at 1.9 Ă… Resolution: Evidence for Functional Oligomerization".
1031:
Grossman, Arthur R.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Zhou, Kemin; Werner, Gregory; Szajkowski, Lukasz; Porter, Aaron; Poliakov, Alexander; Otillar, Bobby (2007-10-12).
1648:
1653:
435:
355:
861:"Metal ion regulated gene expression: use of a plastocyanin-less mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to study the Cu(II)-dependent expression of cytochrome c-552"
1663:
1628:
76:
373:
in 2018. At
Berkeley, she is a Professor of Plant and Microbial Biology. Her lab continue to investigate the metabolism of iron and copper, as well as
268:
fellowship there was a fire in the laboratory. During this time she began to read in the library, investigating role of metals in the regulation of
302:
to show that whilst plastocyanin is continuously translated, it becomes degraded in systems without enough copper. Merchant showed that the RNA of
1187:
642:
523:
483:
428:
320:
98:
208:
in 1978 and became interested in the chemistry of living cells whilst working under the supervision of Glenn
Chambliss. Merchant majored in
1575:
495:
453:
441:
421:
217:
205:
60:
370:
160:
94:
771:"Studies on chloroplast development in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii IV. Control of rapid chlorophyll formation in greening y-1 cells".
460:
112:
The
Chlamydomonas reinhardi chloroplast coupling factor 1 : its purification, properties, and aspects of its synthesis in vivo
1618:
193:
1633:
197:
1551:
744:
489:
394:
1658:
477:
467:
334:
177:
1211:
694:
1623:
447:
405:
337:
71:
311:
291:
228:
222:
269:
1576:"Sabeeha Merchant elected to German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina | UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry"
1007:
1643:
1383:
245:
1479:
216:'s secretary, but he encouraged her to apply for graduate programs. She eventually earned her PhD at the
538:
265:
804:"Regulation by copper of the expression of plastocyanin and cytochrome c552 in Chlamydomonas reinhardi"
1638:
1109:
1044:
588:
374:
299:
1527:
261:
1552:"Sabeeha Merchant receives 2012 Darbaker Prize in Phycology | UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry"
1455:
1340:
1322:
1239:
1145:
1127:
1078:
1060:
986:
978:
942:
934:
898:
880:
841:
823:
784:
624:
606:
519:
324:
307:
264:. She started working on light-regulated gene expression. Unfortunately, four months into her
209:
719:
516:
Molecular
Biology of Chlamydomonas: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Advances in Photosynthesis
1330:
1314:
1276:
1135:
1117:
1068:
1052:
970:
926:
888:
872:
831:
815:
776:
670:
614:
596:
257:
389:
1280:
1113:
1048:
592:
1407:
1335:
1140:
1097:
1073:
1032:
876:
780:
619:
576:
473:
400:
233:
213:
164:
1264:
893:
860:
836:
803:
1612:
363:
346:
341:
274:
212:
and earned her bachelor's degree in 1979. She joined the Enzyme
Institute to work as
201:
169:
156:
1599:
534:
316:
also contained cytochrome c6, which could step in during photosynthesis if needed.
329:
303:
295:
241:
1033:"The Chlamydomonas Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions"
1503:
1163:
131:
237:
1365:
111:
1326:
1131:
1064:
982:
938:
884:
827:
788:
610:
358:. She was appointed director of the Institute for Genomics and Proteomics at
1122:
1056:
601:
382:
1344:
1149:
1082:
930:
628:
1188:"Sabeeha Merchant appointed director, UCLA-Department of Energy Institute"
990:
946:
902:
845:
200:, where she was one of five women in a class of 300. She relocated to the
1318:
974:
819:
1302:
1240:"SMerchant | Department of Plant & Microbial Biology | UC Berkeley"
279:
189:
173:
105:
49:
220:
in 1983. She worked alongside Bruce Selman on the single-cell alga
378:
359:
351:
236:
in the absence of light. During her doctorate
Merchant purified
286:
232:
is a model organism as it can build the relevant systems for
1431:
362:
in 2014. She also served on the Life
Sciences jury for the
1504:"Humboldt Research Award for Prof. Dr. Sabeeha Merchant"
1164:"Humboldt Research Award for Prof. Dr. Sabeeha Merchant"
404:
from 2015-2019. She serves on the Board of Directors of
240:
coupling factor 1, a component of the pathway that uses
196:. At the age of fifteen, Merchant started university at
745:"Lawrence Bogorad 1921 - 2003: A Biographical Memoir"
436:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
328:discovered that the regulator for plastocyanin and
126:
104:
90:
67:
56:
28:
21:
720:"Merchant publications from Ph.D. thesis research"
356:Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
1212:"Meet our new faculty: Sabeeha Merchant, biology"
695:"Meet our new faculty: Sabeeha Merchant, biology"
167:In 2010 Merchant led the team that sequenced the
163:. She studies the photosynthetic metabolism and
1102:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
581:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
354:in 2009. She spent 2012 on a sabbatical at the
350:genome. Her inaugural article was published in
298:is produced when copper is available. She used
285:Merchant was the first to demonstrate that the
1098:"His protects heme as it crosses the membrane"
1408:"California prof gets National Science Award"
278:. She studied how cells detect the levels of
8:
344:. In 2007 she led a team that sequenced the
306:, an iron-based protein, is only present in
1654:University of California, Berkeley faculty
643:"Indian-American scientist honoured by US"
256:After completing her PhD, Merchant joined
77:Member of the National Academy of Sciences
18:
1334:
1139:
1121:
1072:
892:
835:
618:
600:
340:for her contributions to the assembly of
507:
398:since 2005, and was editor-in-chief of
1649:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
1301:Salomé, Patrice A. (18 October 2019).
649:. The Times of India. February 9, 2006
494:Recognized as a Pioneer Member of the
1234:
1232:
1002:
1000:
570:
568:
566:
484:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
429:University of California, Los Angeles
321:University of California, Los Angeles
99:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
665:
663:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
496:American Society of Plant Biologists
454:American Society of Plant Biologists
442:American Society of Plant Biologists
422:American Society of Plant Biologists
1366:"Annual Reviews Board of Directors"
1281:10.1146/annurev.pp.55.042204.100001
1664:Annual Reviews (publisher) editors
877:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02540.x
859:Merchant, S.; Bogorad, L. (1987).
781:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075363
371:University of California, Berkeley
176:. She was elected a member of the
161:University of California, Berkeley
95:University of California, Berkeley
14:
1629:American people of Indian descent
1244:plantandmicrobiology.berkeley.edu
461:Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
270:photosynthetic electron transport
802:Merchant, S; Bogorad, L (1986).
575:Davis, Tinsley H. (2015-03-03).
194:J.B. Petit High School for Girls
1263:Delmer, Deborah (2 June 2004).
416:Her awards and honors include;
218:University of Wisconsin–Madison
206:University of Wisconsin–Madison
61:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1269:Annual Review of Plant Biology
808:Molecular and Cellular Biology
490:Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
395:Annual Review of Plant Biology
319:In 1987 Merchant moved to the
155:(born 1959) is a professor of
1:
577:"Profile of Sabeeha Merchant"
1480:"Charles F. Kettering Award"
1384:"Charles Albert Shull Award"
1008:"Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal"
919:Journal of Molecular Biology
478:Botanical Society of America
468:National Academy of Sciences
335:National Academy of Sciences
178:National Academy of Sciences
388:Merchant has served as the
1680:
514:Merchant, Sabeeha (1998).
456:Charles F. Kettering Award
448:Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal
424:Charles Albert Shull Award
338:Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal
282:and developed antibodies.
72:Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal
773:Plant and Cell Physiology
431:Herbert Newby McCoy Award
292:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
229:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
223:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
153:Sabeeha Sabanali Merchant
122:
83:
33:Sabeeha Sabanali Merchant
1096:Merchant, S. S. (2009).
184:Early life and education
1619:Indian women scientists
1265:"Preface by the Editor"
1123:10.1073/pnas.0905189106
1057:10.1126/science.1143609
602:10.1073/pnas.1500798112
310:cells. She showed that
1634:Indian women academics
1600:"ASPB Pioneer Members"
1580:www.chemistry.ucla.edu
1556:www.chemistry.ucla.edu
931:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0404
369:Merchant moved to the
246:adenosine triphosphate
1508:www.mpimp-golm.mpg.de
1168:www.mpimp-golm.mpg.de
539:Europe PubMed Central
266:postdoctoral research
188:Merchant was born in
1319:10.1105/tpc.19.00817
488:2016 Elected to the
482:2014 Elected to the
466:2012 Elected to the
375:comparative genomics
300:pulse-chase analysis
198:St. Xavier's College
1659:Writers from Mumbai
1114:2009PNAS..10610069M
1108:(25): 10069–10070.
1049:2007Sci...318..245M
975:10.1021/bi00091a005
969:(40): 10560–10567.
820:10.1128/mcb.6.2.462
743:Merchant, Sabeeha.
593:2015PNAS..112.2633D
440:2008 Fellow of the
434:2005 Fellow of the
252:Research and career
1528:"Sabeeha Merchant"
1303:"Sabeeha Merchant"
537:publications from
262:Harvard University
1624:Indian biologists
1532:www.nasonline.org
1313:(12): 2814–2816.
1043:(5848): 245–250.
1012:www.nasonline.org
724:www.chem.ucla.edu
524:978-0-7923-5174-0
412:Awards and honors
325:hydrochloric acid
210:molecular biology
204:. She joined the
150:
149:
85:Scientific career
1671:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1456:"Fellow of ASPB"
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1338:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1125:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1004:
995:
994:
957:
951:
950:
913:
907:
906:
896:
871:(9): 2531–2535.
865:The EMBO Journal
856:
850:
849:
839:
799:
793:
792:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
749:
740:
734:
733:
731:
730:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
691:
685:
684:
682:
681:
667:
658:
657:
655:
654:
639:
633:
632:
622:
604:
587:(9): 2633–2634.
572:
541:
535:Sabeeha Merchant
532:
526:
512:
308:copper deficient
258:Lawrence Bogorad
146:
143:
141:
139:
137:
135:
133:
118:
46:
42:
40:
23:Sabeeha Merchant
19:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
998:
959:
958:
954:
915:
914:
910:
858:
857:
853:
801:
800:
796:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
747:
742:
741:
737:
728:
726:
718:
717:
713:
704:
702:
693:
692:
688:
679:
677:
675:www.chem.uzh.ch
669:
668:
661:
652:
650:
641:
640:
636:
574:
573:
544:
533:
529:
513:
509:
505:
414:
390:editor-in-chief
254:
186:
130:
116:
97:
75:
57:Alma mater
52:
47:
44:
43:August 31, 1959
38:
36:
35:
34:
24:
17:
16:Plant scientist
12:
11:
5:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1591:
1567:
1543:
1519:
1495:
1471:
1447:
1423:
1399:
1375:
1370:Annual Reviews
1357:
1307:The Plant Cell
1293:
1255:
1228:
1203:
1179:
1155:
1088:
1023:
996:
952:
925:(5): 627–647.
908:
851:
794:
763:
735:
711:
686:
659:
647:indiatimes.com
634:
542:
527:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
492:
486:
480:
474:Darbaker Prize
470:
464:
463:Humboldt Award
457:
450:
444:
438:
432:
425:
413:
410:
406:Annual Reviews
401:The Plant Cell
342:metalloenzymes
253:
250:
244:to synthesize
234:photosynthesis
214:Henry A. Lardy
185:
182:
165:metalloenzymes
148:
147:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
108:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
81:
80:
69:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
48:
32:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1676:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Living people
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1217:
1216:Berkeley News
1213:
1207:
1204:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
956:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
912:
909:
904:
900:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
852:
847:
843:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
764:
753:
746:
739:
736:
725:
721:
715:
712:
700:
699:Berkeley News
696:
690:
687:
676:
672:
666:
664:
660:
648:
644:
638:
635:
630:
626:
621:
616:
612:
608:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
543:
540:
536:
531:
528:
525:
521:
517:
511:
508:
502:
497:
493:
491:
487:
485:
481:
479:
475:
471:
469:
465:
462:
458:
455:
451:
449:
445:
443:
439:
437:
433:
430:
426:
423:
419:
418:
417:
411:
409:
407:
403:
402:
397:
396:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
364:Infosys Prize
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
347:Chlamydomonas
343:
339:
336:
331:
326:
322:
317:
315:
314:
313:chlamydomonas
309:
305:
304:cytochrome c6
301:
297:
294:
293:
288:
283:
281:
277:
276:
275:Chlamydomonas
271:
267:
263:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:United States
199:
195:
191:
183:
181:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:Chlamydomonas
166:
162:
158:
157:plant biology
154:
145:
129:
125:
121:
114:
113:
109:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
45:(age 65)
31:
27:
20:
1594:
1583:. Retrieved
1579:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:
1546:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1310:
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1272:
1268:
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1243:
1220:. Retrieved
1218:. 2018-11-26
1215:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:
1158:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
966:
963:Biochemistry
962:
955:
922:
918:
911:
868:
864:
854:
814:(2): 462–9.
811:
807:
797:
772:
766:
755:. Retrieved
751:
738:
727:. Retrieved
723:
714:
703:. Retrieved
701:. 2018-11-26
698:
689:
678:. Retrieved
674:
651:. Retrieved
646:
637:
584:
580:
530:
518:. Springer.
515:
510:
415:
399:
393:
387:
368:
345:
330:cytochrome c
318:
312:
296:plastocyanin
290:
284:
273:
255:
242:ATP synthase
227:
221:
187:
168:
152:
151:
110:
91:Institutions
84:
1639:1959 births
238:chloroplast
1613:Categories
1585:2019-05-23
1561:2019-05-23
1537:2019-05-23
1513:2019-05-23
1489:2019-05-23
1465:2019-05-23
1441:2019-05-23
1432:"Newsroom"
1417:2019-05-23
1393:2019-05-23
1249:2019-05-23
1222:2019-05-23
1197:2019-05-23
1173:2019-05-23
1017:2019-05-23
757:2019-05-23
729:2019-05-23
705:2019-05-23
680:2019-05-23
671:"MGM 2007"
653:2019-05-23
503:References
39:1959-08-31
1350:8 October
1327:1040-4651
1286:8 October
1132:0027-8424
1065:0036-8075
983:0006-2960
939:0022-2836
885:0261-4189
828:679283371
789:1471-9053
611:0027-8424
383:bioenergy
366:in 2017.
180:in 2012.
144:/merchant
1345:31628163
1150:19541628
1083:17932292
775:. 1976.
629:25675533
142:/Faculty
1336:6925020
1141:2700887
1110:Bibcode
1074:2875087
1045:Bibcode
1037:Science
991:8399201
947:7623381
903:2824187
846:3023849
620:4352817
589:Bibcode
392:of the
159:at the
127:Website
1412:Rediff
1343:
1333:
1325:
1148:
1138:
1130:
1081:
1071:
1063:
989:
981:
945:
937:
901:
894:553670
891:
883:
844:
837:367534
834:
826:
787:
627:
617:
609:
522:
472:2012,
280:copper
190:Mumbai
174:genome
117:(1983)
115:
106:Thesis
79:(2012)
74:(2006)
68:Awards
50:Mumbai
1275:(1).
748:(PDF)
459:2012
452:2010
446:2006
427:2004
420:1999
379:algae
140:/dept
136:.ucla
134:.chem
63:(PhD)
1484:ASPB
1460:ASPB
1436:UCLA
1388:ASPB
1352:2021
1341:PMID
1323:ISSN
1288:2021
1192:UCLA
1146:PMID
1128:ISSN
1079:PMID
1061:ISSN
987:PMID
979:ISSN
943:PMID
935:ISSN
899:PMID
881:ISSN
842:PMID
824:OCLC
785:ISSN
625:PMID
607:ISSN
520:ISBN
381:and
360:UCLA
352:PNAS
289:for
138:.edu
29:Born
1331:PMC
1315:doi
1277:doi
1136:PMC
1118:doi
1106:106
1069:PMC
1053:doi
1041:318
971:doi
927:doi
923:250
889:PMC
873:doi
832:PMC
816:doi
777:doi
752:NAS
615:PMC
597:doi
585:112
408:.
377:of
287:RNA
272:in
260:at
248:.
132:www
1615::
1578:.
1554:.
1530:.
1506:.
1482:.
1458:.
1434:.
1410:.
1386:.
1368:.
1339:.
1329:.
1321:.
1311:31
1309:.
1305:.
1273:55
1271:.
1267:.
1242:.
1231:^
1214:.
1190:.
1166:.
1144:.
1134:.
1126:.
1116:.
1104:.
1100:.
1077:.
1067:.
1059:.
1051:.
1039:.
1035:.
1010:.
999:^
985:.
977:.
967:32
965:.
941:.
933:.
921:.
897:.
887:.
879:.
867:.
863:.
840:.
830:.
822:.
810:.
806:.
783:.
750:.
722:.
697:.
673:.
662:^
645:.
623:.
613:.
605:.
595:.
583:.
579:.
545:^
498:.
476:,
385:.
226:.
41:)
1602:.
1588:.
1564:.
1540:.
1516:.
1492:.
1468:.
1444:.
1420:.
1396:.
1372:.
1354:.
1317::
1290:.
1279::
1252:.
1225:.
1200:.
1176:.
1152:.
1120::
1112::
1085:.
1055::
1047::
1020:.
993:.
973::
949:.
929::
905:.
875::
869:6
848:.
818::
812:6
791:.
779::
760:.
732:.
708:.
683:.
656:.
631:.
599::
591::
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.