522:
1962, Eda seemed to be riding high. However, the "Eda Vision" was the final straw for the more dogmatically
Marxist leftwing factions in the JSP, who had already chafed against the moderate tone of Eda's "structural reform" platform. In particular, they could not accept praise of what they viewed as the "imperialist" United States and Great Britain, and the "deviationist" and "Stalinist" Soviet Union. At the 22nd Party Congress in November 1962, the left wing of the JSP revolted, and succeeded in persuading a majority of party members present to adopt an "Eda Vision Criticism Resolution" that renounced the "Eda Vision" as antithetical to core party principles. Eda was forced to resign his position as secretary general, and thereafter the party gradually returned to a more dogmatically Marxist platform which focused entirely on the urban working classes as the party's main political base.
491:. Eda and his allies viewed these protests as having been an unalloyed success in having allowed the JSP to play a leading role in fomenting a mass movement. Eda's "structural reform" platform called for a combination of parliamentary pressure tactics and Anpo-style extra-parliamentary mass movements that would gradually move Japan toward socialism by forcing the government into a series of piecemeal concessions. Above all, Eda and his fellow structural reformers hoped to broaden the base of the JSP beyond a hard core of labor unionists, leftist student activists, and Marxist intellectuals to encompass people from many walks of life, in order to dramatically increase the party's potential supporters at the polls.
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construct a socialist society, but it is a broad-based people's party in the sense that it is fighting for the benefit of the majority of the people and not to encourage the egoism of the working class." Nevertheless, Eda also harshly criticized Nishio's views as "abandoning socialism and replacing it with a welfare policy within the framework of capitalism," and supported moves toward expelling Nishio from the party.
25:
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Socialism must be defined in sunny and cheerful terms that are easily understandable to the masses. I believe that “socialism” is that which allows human potential to blossom to its fullest extent. The main four accomplishments that humankind has achieved so far are
America's high standard of living,
539:
In 1976, Eda lost his re-election bid and was booted from the Diet. Blaming his loss on his party's dogmatic, doctrinaire
Marxism and desperate for reform, he attempted to resign from the JSP but the party refused to accept his resignation and voted to expel him instead. Thereafter, Eda formed a new
507:
In order to achieve his goal of broadening the base of the Japan
Socialist Party, Eda sought to rebrand socialism using more straightforward language that would cut through complex Marxist jargon and offer a simple, optimistic vision to the Japanese people. To this end, he propounded his "New Vision
521:
The "Eda Vision" of a more moderate form of socialism received a wildly enthusiastic reception in the mainstream
Japanese press, which was wary of more hard-left socialist policy prescriptions, and the "Vision" also polled very well in broad-based public opinion polls. Thus, for a few months in mid
448:
expressed the heretical view that the JSP was "a broad-based party of the people" rather than a party based exclusively in the urban working class, Eda hinted at his own centrist leanings when he responded that, "The JSP is a class-based party in as much as it seeks to reform capitalist society and
535:
said at a press conference, "If the Japan
Socialist Party were ever to make Eda its Chairman again, a general election would be terrifying. They would drastically expand their seats in the Diet." However, Eda could never overcome the undying animosity his "Eda Vision" had won him from his party's
478:
Rather than adopting a more circumspect approach in the wake of his sudden, unexpected elevation to JSP party leadership, Eda seized the initiative to have his own vision of socialism enshrined as JSP party policy. At the 19th Party
Congress, which began one day after Asanuma's assassination, Eda
428:
In 1958, Eda was named chairman of the JSP's Party
Organizing Committee. Thereafter, Eda won the loyalty of a large number of the party's grassroots activists by initiating a number of reforms to modernize the party's organizational structure and improve the general treatment of lower-level party
494:
Leading the JSP into the general election in
Asanuma's place, Eda appeared in the second televised election debate as the new party leader, and impressed audiences with his sunny demeanor and even-handed tone. The JSP's showing in the election was viewed as a success, as the party increased its
530:
In later years Eda ran numerous times for
Chairman of the Japan Socialist Party, but was unsuccessful, although he did serve a second stint as Secretary General from 1968 to 1970. Nevertheless, Eda remained popular among the broader Japanese public and in the 1970s conservative prime minister
424:
when the Party split in two in 1948. In 1950, Eda was elected to the House of Councillors, where he would serve two terms. In 1955, the two halves of the JSP reunited, and in 1957, Eda became a member of the party's Central Executive Committee, as well as head of its Agricultural Bureau.
400:, a conglomeration of farmer's and proletarian working class political parties. In 1937, he was elected and served one term in the Upper House of the Okayama Prefectural Assembly. However, in 1938, he was arrested along with approximately 400 other prominent leftists as part of the "
479:
took advantage of the somber mood, looming election, and strong desire for party unity to force through his platform of "structural reform" as the JSP's "new party line" with little opposition or debate. The "structural reform" platform drew inspiration from the recently concluded
464:
during a televised election debate on October 12, 1960, just weeks before a national election, Eda was hastily named "Acting Chairman" of the JSP and became the party's leader and candidate to become prime minister of Japan should the party triumph in the election.
508:
of Socialism," better known in the Japanese media as the "Eda Vision" of socialism. The Eda vision was first proclaimed at a July 27, 1962 speech Eda gave National Conference of Socialist Party Regional Organizers in
517:
the Soviet Union's thoroughgoing social welfare system, England's parliamentary democracy, and Japan's peace constitution. I believe that if we can integrate these, we can give birth to a broad-based socialism.
404:" and imprisoned for two years. Released in 1940, he was given to understand that his presence was not welcomed in the metropole, so he left Japan proper to find work in Japanese-occupied China.
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1023:
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briefly won acclaim from the Japanese mass media before being beaten back by hardliners in the left wing of the party. He is the father of Japanese politician
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and returned home for treatment. Back in Okayama, Eda became heavily involved in the local farmer's movement. Dropping out of university, he joined the
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noodle manufacturing and wholesaling business and was also a minor political leader in the local branch of the
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548:) and ran for re-election to the Diet. However, Eda died suddenly of lung cancer on May 22, 1977. His son,
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was a Japanese party politician, prominent in the postwar period, who served two terms in the
86:
487:, which had achieved massive size and forced the resignation of conservative prime minister
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After Nishio saw the writing on the wall and bolted the JSP in January 1960 to form the new
437:, Eda promoted his reformist ideas for the JSP under the label "structural reform" (構造改革,
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in the early 1960s. Eda's optimistic "Eda Vision" of a broad-based, moderate form of
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420:(JSP) in 1946. Affiliated with the left-wing of the party, Eda sided with the
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Party. In 1931, while a student at Tokyo University of Commerce (present-day
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activists. Drawing upon the buzzword "structural reform" promoted by the
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
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Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo
499:, further cementing Eda's grip on power within the party.
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552:, hastily ran in his place, and won the election.
474:"Structural Reform" platform and electoral victory
1029:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
859:福岡義登 (1985). "江田三郎先生を偲んで". In 日本社会党前議員会 (ed.).
444:In September 1959, when Right Socialist leader
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596:
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51:introducing citations to additional sources
1024:Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)
512:. In this speech, Eda famously proclaimed,
162:22 November 1963 – 9 December 1976
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611:. University of Tokyo Press. p. 335.
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41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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294:National Workers and Farmers Mass Party
346:Member of the House of Representatives
150:Member of the House of Representatives
7:
412:Returning to Japan after the end of
376:. His father, Matsujirō Eda, ran an
368:Eda was born in Fukuwatari Village,
1019:Politicians from Okayama Prefecture
608:A History of Shōwa Japan, 1926-1989
469:Leader of the Japan Socialist Party
342:Member of the House of Councillors
195:5 June 1950 – 7 July 1962
183:Member of the House of Councillors
14:
999:20th-century Japanese politicians
1039:Prisoners and detainees of Japan
1014:Japanese prisoners and detainees
304:Leftist Socialist Party of Japan
34:relies largely or entirely on a
23:
546:Socialist Democratic Federation
392:), Eda suffered from a bout of
338:, July 29, 1907 – May 22, 1977)
16:Japanese politician (1907-1977)
416:, Eda joined the newly formed
1:
862:日本社会党歴代委員長の思い出: 亡くなられた委員長をしのぶ
542:Socialist Citizens Federation
364:Prewar and wartime activities
310:Socialist Citizens Federation
834:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
798:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
762:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
731:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
700:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
669:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
638:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
575:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
605:Nakamura, Takafusa (1998).
334:
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485:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
462:spectacularly assassinated
454:Democratic Socialist Party
1009:Japanese social democrats
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953:Secretary General of the
951:
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865:. 日本社会党前議員会. p. 319.
503:"Eda Vision" of socialism
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908:Party political offices
888:Harvard University Press
836:Harvard University Press
800:Harvard University Press
764:Harvard University Press
733:Harvard University Press
702:Harvard University Press
671:Harvard University Press
640:Harvard University Press
577:Harvard University Press
124:
642:. pp. 114, 291n8.
495:number of seats in the
431:Italian Communist Party
390:Hitotsubashi University
519:
402:Popular Front Incident
344:and four terms in the
299:Socialist Masses Party
955:Japan Socialist Party
924:Japan Socialist Party
540:political party, the
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418:Japan Socialist Party
398:National Masses Party
350:Japan Socialist Party
288:National Masses Party
275:Japan Socialist Party
880:Kapur, Nick (2018).
828:Kapur, Nick (2018).
792:Kapur, Nick (2018).
756:Kapur, Nick (2018).
725:Kapur, Nick (2018).
704:. pp. 116–121.
694:Kapur, Nick (2018).
663:Kapur, Nick (2018).
632:Kapur, Nick (2018).
579:. pp. 124–125.
569:Kapur, Nick (2018).
536:hardcore left wing.
526:Later life and death
235:Fukuwatari Village,
47:improve this article
544:(later renamed the
460:. When Asanuma was
1034:Socialism in Japan
408:Postwar politician
374:Okayama Prefecture
241:Okayama Prefecture
204:Okayama Prefecture
171:Okayama Prefecture
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971:Masashi Ishibashi
964:Succeeded by
932:Succeeded by
886:. Cambridge, MA:
435:Palmiro Togliatti
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961:1968–1970
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874:Further reading
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36:single source
32:This article
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414:World War II
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256:(1977-05-22)
254:May 22, 1977
200:Constituency
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167:Constituency
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62:"Saburō Eda"
57:
33:
994:1977 deaths
989:1907 births
550:Satsuki Eda
358:Satsuki Eda
306:(1948-1955)
301:(1932-1938)
296:(1931-1932)
290:(1931-1931)
277:(1946–1977)
139:Eda in 1963
983:Categories
556:References
335:Eda Saburō
323:Saburō Eda
229:1907-07-29
118:Saburō Eda
73:newspapers
926:(Acting)
354:socialism
208:Senkyo-Ku
191:In office
175:Senkyo-Ku
158:In office
43:talk page
394:pleurisy
386:Minseitō
87:scholar
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433:under
312:(1977)
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510:Nikko
329:江田 三郎
265:Japan
261:Tokyo
126:江田 三郎
94:JSTOR
80:books
892:ISBN
840:ISBN
804:ISBN
768:ISBN
737:ISBN
706:ISBN
675:ISBN
644:ISBN
613:ISBN
581:ISBN
382:soba
380:and
378:udon
251:Died
223:Born
66:news
441:).
49:by
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