333:
345:
707:
13,600 (95% CI, 7,700-19,500) pups were born in the northern Gulf. An estimated 714,600 (95% CI, 538,800-890,400) pups were born off the northeastern coast of
Newfoundland (Front); accounting for 96% of all pupping in 2017. Combining the estimates from all areas resulted in an estimated total pup production of 746,500 (95% CI, 570,300-922,700). Due to their dependence on pack ice for breeding, the harp seal range is restricted to areas where pack ice forms seasonally. The western North Atlantic stock, which is the largest, is located off
9781:
227:
42:
769:
86:
675:
924:, in an area known as "the Front". This peak spring period is generally what is referred to as the "Canadian seal hunt". Hunting Canadian whitecoats has been banned since 1987. Since 2000, harp seals that are targeted during the hunt are often found to be less than a year old, known as "beaters". In 2006, the St. Lawrence hunt officially started on March 25 due to thin ice caused by the year's milder temperatures.
647:
61:
386:, as the males are slightly larger, and more decorated. Males weigh an average of 135 kg (298 lb), and reach a length up to 1.9 m (6.2 ft), while females weigh an average of 120 kg (260 lb) and reach up to 1.8 metres (5.9 ft). Males generally have a more defined dorsal harp marking and a darker head, while some females never develop the marking and remain spotted.
9226:
615:
9239:
983:
582:. Some individuals from the Greenland Sea sub-population have foraged in the Barents Sea alongside the White Sea sub-population during late summer and fall. Barents Sea harp seals eat mostly herring and polar cod but less krill or amphipods, likely because these seals usually dive deeper than such prey. Western North Atlantic harp seals forage both near and offshore of
9233:
820:, the northwest population regularly moves up to 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) northeast outside of the breeding season; one individual was located off the north Norwegian coast, 4,640 kilometres (2,880 mi) east northeast of its tagging location. Their navigational accuracy is high, with good eyesight an important factor. They are occasionally found as
995:
706:
Global harp seal population estimates total around 4.5 million individuals. The number of pups born in the traditional pupping area of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence was greatly reduced, with an estimated pup production of only 18,300 (95% CI, 15,400-21,200 rounded to the nearest hundred). Another
410:
weaning or near their pups. However, almost half of the time spent in the water is at the surface, well beyond what is expected to recover from dives. This behavior allows the mother harp seal to conserve energy and avoid the harsh conditions of the fast-ice while remaining near her pup. As with most
970:
Hunting has tremendously affected the population size of harp seals. Over the past 150 years, the harp seal population has fluctuated from over 9 million to as little as 1 million. As of 2019, the current population is estimated to be 7.6 million. The
Northwest Atlantic populations was found to have
931:
In 2019, the
Department of Fisheries and Oceans estimated sustainable harvest levels for the next five years. The identified annual Canadian Total Allowable Catch (TAC) levels were 425,000 assuming harvest age structures of 95% young of the year (YOY). In 2016, 66,800 harp seals and 1,612 grey seals
682:
After abandonment, in the post-weaning phase, the pup becomes sedentary to conserve body fat. Within a few days, it sheds its white coat, reaching the "beater" stage. This name comes from the sound a beater's tail makes as the seal learns to swim. Pups begin to feed at 4 weeks of age, but still draw
626:
animals and can be quite vocal in groups. Within their large colonies, smaller groups with their own hierarchies form. Groups of several thousand form during pupping and mating season. Harp seals can live over 30 years in the wild. On the ice, pups call their mothers by "yelling," and "mumble" while
642:
Females mature sexually between ages five to six. Annually thereafter, they may bear one pup, usually in late
February. The gestation period lasts about 11.5 months, with a fetal development phase of 8 months. There have been reported cases of twin births, but singletons are vastly more common. The
398:
sub-population, the average dive rate is around 8.3 dives per hour and dives range from a depth of less than 20 to over 500 m. Dive duration ranges from less than two minutes to just over 20 minutes. During the spring and summer when seals forage along the pack ice in the
Greenland Sea, most dives
654:
Harp seal births are rapid, with recorded lengths as short as 15 seconds in duration. In order to cope with the shock of a rapid change in environmental temperature and undeveloped blubber layers, the pup relies on solar heating, and behavioral responses such as shivering or seeking warmth in the
446:
and energy requirements. Their lower critical temperature is believed to be under −10 degrees
Celsius in air. Blubber insulates the harp seal's core but does not insulate the flippers to the same extent. Instead, the flippers have circulatory adaptations to help prevent heat loss. A thick coat of
957:
The annual quota off the coast of
Greenland for 2017–2019 was set at 26,000 1+ animals, where two pups are equivalent to removing one 1+ animal. The total catches of harp seals were 2000 (including 1934 pups) in 2017, 2703 (including 1218 pups) in 2018, and 5813 (including 2168 pups) in 2019.
658:
Newborn pups weigh 11 kilograms (24 lb) on average and are 80–85 cm (31–33 in) long. After birth, the mother feeds only her own pup. During the approximately 12-day long nursing period, the mother does not hunt, and loses up to 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) per day. Harp seal milk
366:. Adult harp seals grow to be 1.7 to 2.0 m (5 ft 7 in to 6 ft 7 in) long and weigh from 115 to 140 kg (254 to 309 lb). The harp seal pup often has a yellow-white coat at birth due to staining from amniotic fluid, but after one to three days, the
639:. Breeding occurs between mid-February and April. Courtship peaks during mid-March and involves males performing underwater displays, using bubbles, vocalizations, and paw movements to court females. Females, who remain on the ice, will resist copulation unless underwater.
469:
act as heat exchangers, warming or cooling the seal as needed. On ice, the seal can press its fore flippers to its body and its hind flippers together to reduce heat loss. They can also redirect blood flow from the periphery to minimize heat loss.
935:
In 2005, the
Independent Veterinarians' Working Group (IVWG) recommended a three-step process for hunters to kill the seals with little or no pain for the seals, as long as the process is completed in rapid succession. The process is as follows:
690:
Around 13–14 months old, the pups molt again, becoming "bedlamers". Juveniles molt several times, producing a "spotted harp", before the male adults' harp-marked pelt fully emerges after several years. In females, it does not emerge.
606:). As in other populations and foraging areas, diet varies with distance from shore, with arctic cod comprising more of it nearshore and capelin more of it offshore. However, capelin is the preferred prey in both locales.
843:
in 1987. The latter was linked to a mass movement of harp seals into
Norwegian waters; by mid-February 1987, 24,000 were reported drowned in fishing nets and perhaps 30,000 (about 10% of the world population) had invaded
953:
The
Canadian seal hunt is monitored by the Canadian government. Although approximately 70% of the hunt occurs on "the Front", most private monitors focus on the St. Lawrence hunt, due to its more convenient location.
961:
The 2004 West Ice total allowable catch (TAC) was 15,000, almost double the sustainable catch of 8,200. Actual catches were 9,895 in 2004 and 5,808 in 2005. The 2004 White Sea TAC was 45,000. The catch was 22,474.
663:. During this time, the juvenile's "greycoat" grows in beneath the white neonatal coat, and the pup increases its weight to 36 kg (79 lb). Weaning is abrupt; the mother turns from nursing to
627:
playing with others. Adults "growl" and "warble" to warn off conspecifics and predators. Underwater, adults have been recorded using more than 19 types of vocalization during courting and mating.
427:
age. The insulating quality of this fur depends on its ability to keep a layer of air trapped inside or between the hairs. It takes a year for their blubber to develop and for their first-year
10340:
2503:"Estimated Prey Consumption by Harp seals (Phoca groenlandica), Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Atlantic Canada"
659:
initially contains 25% fat (this number increases to 40% by weaning as the mother fasts) and pups gain over 2.2 kilograms (4.9 lb) per day while nursing, quickly thickening their
520:, lie in horizontal rows on either side of its snout. They provide a touch sense with labeled line coding, and underwater, also respond to low-frequency vibrations, such as movement.
494:, enhancing its low light sensitivity. Its cones are most sensitive to blue-green spectra, while its rods help sense light intensity and may provide some color discrimination. Its
411:
phocids, she requires vast amounts of energy to ensure sufficient mass transfer to her growing, weaning pup. Harp seals remain within their aerobic dive limit for 99% of dives.
2272:
1542:
Lindstrøm, Ulf; Nilssen, Kjell (2013). "Harp seal foraging behaviour during summer around Svalbard in the northern Barents Sea: diet composition and the selection of prey".
863:. Harp seals often consume snow to stay hydrated, but in mild winters may not have enough available. Several centers are active in seal rescue and rehabilitation, including
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fertilized egg grows into an embryo which remains suspended in the womb for up to three months before implantation, to delay birth until sufficient pack ice is available.
683:
on internal sources of energy, relying first on energy stored in the body core rather than blubber. During this time the ice begins to melt leaving them vulnerable to
2134:
1915:
Berta, Annalisa; Churchill, Morgan (2012-07-01). "Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description".
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and other predators. This fast can reduce their weight up to 50%. As many as 30% of pups die during their first year, due in part to their early immobility on land.
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868:
332:
10259:
10300:
2176:
Daoust, P-Y; Caraguel, C (2012-11-01). "The Canadian harp seal hunt: observations on the effectiveness of procedures to avoid poor animal welfare outcomes".
394:
Compared to other phocid seals, the harp seal dives from shallow to moderately deep depths. Dive depth varies with season, time of day and location. In the
506:
to drain secretions to the nasal passages contribute to the harp seals "eye rings" on land. This can be an indication of the hydration level of the seal.
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ICES 2001. Report of the Joint ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harp and Hooded Seals, ICES Headquarters, 2–6 October 2000. ICES CM, 2001, ACFM:8, 40 pp.
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In 2009, this process was included in both the 'Conditions of License' for the Canadian hunt as well as the Canadian Marine Mammal Regulations.
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Stun the seal on the head using tools, such as a rifle or a club, to immediately kill the animal or cause it to permanently lose consciousness.
1160:
Folkow, L.P.; Nordøy, E.S. (2004). "Distribution and diving behaviour of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Greenland Sea stock".
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Shelton, P.A.; Healey, B.P. (1999). "Should depensation be dismissed as a possible explanation for the lack of recovery of the northern cod (
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decreased by at least 50 percent from 1952 to 1970 but nowadays, seal populations all are hunted under quotas and other restrictions.
10305:
10194:
9919:
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Bowen, W. Don; Capstick, Charles K.; Sergeant, David E. (1981). "Temporal Changes in the Reproductive Potential of Female Harp Seals (
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Cut the axillary arteries along both armpits and cut along the belly to prevent blood from reaching the brain, confirming its death.
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below the Barents ea. Breeding occurs between mid-February and April, and varies somewhat for each stock. The three stocks are
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2279:
10251:
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2150:
711:. This population is further divided into two separate herds based on the breeding location. The Front herd breeds off the
570:
fish. Harp seals prefer some prey, though their diet depends largely on prey abundance. Diet and abundance analysis of the
10320:
10036:
6700:
2304:
10335:
8265:
2593:"Predation by Harp Seals in Atlantic Canada: Preliminary Consumption Estimates for Arctic Cod, Capelin and Atlantic Cod"
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is important because lanugo fur does not insulate well in water. Adult harp seals primarily use blubber for insulation.
9871:
2245:
1350:
Lavigne, D.; Innes, S.; Worthy, G.; Kovacs, K.; Schmitz, O.; Hickie, J. (1986). "Metabolic rates of seals and whales".
10168:
10010:
3894:
2039:
Frankis, M. P.; Davey, P. R. & Anderson, G. Q. A. (1997). "Harp Seal: a new mammal for the Northumberland fauna".
6691:
2533:"Selective foraging by harp seals Phoca groenlandica in nearshore and offshore waters of Newfoundland, 1993 and 1994"
85:
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9898:
8156:
7812:
6178:
1248:
Pearson, Linnea E.; Weitzner, Emma L.; Burns, Jennifer M.; Hammill, Mike O.; Liwanag, Heather E. M. (August 2019).
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Hamre, J (1994). "Biodiversity and exploitation of the main fish stocks in the Norwegian- Barents Sea ecosystem".
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lens that improves focusing ability. Its mobile pupil helps it adapt to the intense glare of the Arctic ice. Its
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1952:
Ronald, K., & Healey, P. J. (1981). Harp Seal. Chapter 3 in Ridgeway, S. H., & Harrison, R. J., eds.
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In Canada, commercial hunting season is from November 15 to May 15. Most sealing occurs in late March in the
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are less than 50 m. In the late fall and winter, dive depth has been found to increase, particularly in the
9225:
2667:"Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica ) invasions in Norwegian coastal waters: Age composition and feeding habits"
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as it returns from the body surface as well as providing energy, most importantly for newly weaned pups.
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852:. The animals were emaciated, likely due to commercial fishing causing competition for the seals' prey.
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200:
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Sergeant, D.E. (1976-09-01). "History and present status of populations of harp and hooded seals".
2273:"Norway request to ICES on management of the harp and hooded seal stocks in the Northeast Atlantic"
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50:
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821:
698:, pup and breed before migrating to summer feeding grounds. Their lifespan can be over 30 years.
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On ice, the mother identifies her offspring by smell. This sense may also warn of an approaching
383:
354:
The mature harp seal has pure black eyes. It has a silver-gray fur covering its body, with black
300:
234:
80:
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9086:
8679:
8655:
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Lactating female harp seals spend about 80% of the time in the water and 20% of the time on the
41:
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1932:
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1332:
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Harp seal insulation changes over the course of a seal's lifetime. Young harp seals rely on a
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Kvadsheim, P. H.; Folkow, L. P. (1997). "Blubber and flipper heat transfer in harp seals".
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and behavioral approaches to managing their body temperatures, instead of elevating their
296:
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1515:
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Harp seals can strand on Atlantic coasts, often in warmer months, due to dehydration and
2641:
2548:
2410:
1784:
1719:"It's all relative: allometry and variation in the baculum (os penis) of the harp seal,
1659:
1609:
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1320:
1173:
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8843:
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836:
708:
499:
443:
400:
274:
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1206:
Lydersen, Christian; Kovacs, Kit M. (1993). "Diving behaviour of lactating harp seal,
536:. They have a diverse diet including several dozen fish and invertebrate species. The
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367:
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Boily, Patrice; Lavigne, David M. (1996). "Thermoregulation of juvenile grey seals,
1250:"From ice to ocean: changes in the thermal function of harp seal pelt with ontogeny"
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646:
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Harp seals spend relatively little time on land compared with time at sea. They are
574:
population found that this population predominantly eats krill, followed closely by
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Ensure that step 1 was completed correctly, and the skull is irreversibly damaged.
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2426:
2305:"Current Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, (Pagophilus groenlandicus)"
2197:
1936:
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1402:
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living in the region hunt mainly for food and, to a lesser extent, commerce.
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Haug, T.; Kroeyer, A.B.; Nilssen, K.T.; Ugland, K.I.; Aspholm, P.E. (1991).
1767:
Ronald, K.; Dougan, J. L. (1982). "The Ice Lover: Biology of the Harp Seal (
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Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: Pagophilus groenlandicus
2058:
Anon (1987). "Harp Seals, Brunnich's Guillemots and White-billed Divers".
1445:
635:
The harp seal is a fast ice breeder and is believed to have a promiscuous
513:. Underwater, the seal closes its nostrils, disabling its sense of smell.
10153:
9850:
9739:
9695:
9632:
9398:
9154:
9096:
8896:
8662:
8555:
8410:
8301:
8282:
7625:
7088:
6905:
6881:
6242:
6092:
6038:
5974:
5969:
5922:
5854:
5772:
5642:
5391:
5382:
5280:
5235:
5115:
4948:
4772:
4685:
4594:
4584:
4563:
4523:
4410:
4342:
4250:
4241:
3561:
3357:
3110:
2993:
2960:
2809:
2797:
732:
716:
571:
567:
540:
population migrates northward in the summer to forage extensively in the
510:
407:
371:
363:
270:
150:
117:
10067:
2341:"2019 Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus"
2220:"2019 Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus"
1887:"2019 Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus"
1862:"2019 Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus"
1118:
Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd G.; Thewissen, J. G. M., eds. (2009).
307:
translates to "Greenlandic seal." This is the only species in the genus
10225:
9937:
9500:
9074:
8454:
8007:
7854:
7728:
7443:
6955:
6285:
5751:
5307:
5271:
5138:
5106:
5090:
4603:
4306:
3885:
3366:
3273:
3191:
3119:
3061:
3038:
2931:
2649:
2557:
2532:
1800:
1668:
1639:
735:" off eastern Greenland. A third stock breeds on the "East Ice" in the
660:
556:
549:
452:
448:
432:
424:
359:
2612:
9950:
9893:
9507:
8307:
8295:
8111:
8058:
7803:
7491:
7225:
5945:
5606:
5441:
5198:
4635:
3407:
3333:
3282:
3264:
3237:
3158:
3020:
2803:
2791:
2522:
906:
902:
898:
784:
780:
740:
495:
483:
478:
The harp seal's eyes are large for its body size and contain a large
451:
insulates its body and provides energy when food is scarce or during
428:
420:
127:
107:
9827:
2583:
2383:
1987:
1394:
1363:
374:. Adolescent harp seals have a silver-gray coat spotted with black.
2713:
2696:
9134:
8093:
7952:
7895:
7768:
7571:
7428:
7055:
7037:
6660:
6330:
5579:
5564:
4225:
3516:
3011:
2531:
Lawson, J.W.; Anderson, J.T.; Dalley, E.L.; Stenson, G.B. (1998).
994:
925:
845:
712:
673:
645:
613:
545:
460:
283:
455:. Blubber also streamlines its body for more efficient swimming.
10080:
9161:
7467:
6363:
5688:
5624:
3297:
3029:
1970:
Sergeant, D.E. (1973). "Transatlantic migration of a Harp Seal,
1644:
in nearshore and offshore waters of Newfoundland, 1993 and 1994"
849:
695:
355:
9831:
9796:
9254:
8338:
8254:
7159:
6616:
5920:
5072:
4207:
3648:
2828:
2750:
2695:
Nilssen, K.T.; Pedersen, O.-P.; Folkow, L.P.; Haug, T. (2000).
5597:
5206:
3534:
828:, a total of 31 vagrants were recorded between 1800 and 1988.
487:
2129:
Lavigne, David M. (2009). Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd;
1588:
Lindstrøm, U.; Harbitz, A.; Haug, T.; Nilssen, K. T. (1998).
287:
with a number of other species, it was reclassified into the
671:
starts on the ice, mating usually takes place in the water.
370:
turns white and stays white for 2–3 weeks, until the first
1201:
1199:
897:
All three populations are hunted commercially, mainly by
502:, to protect the eye from sea water damage. The lack of
2697:"Food consumption estimates of Barents Sea harp seals"
2271:
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
9728:
9684:
9674:
9644:
9617:
9578:
9543:
9533:
9523:
9513:
9496:
9458:
9434:
9424:
9414:
9404:
9394:
9384:
9374:
9364:
9354:
9344:
9334:
9324:
9268:
9150:
9140:
9116:
9092:
9082:
9059:
9049:
9019:
8989:
8979:
8969:
8959:
8949:
8939:
8929:
8919:
8909:
8876:
8866:
8856:
8818:
8808:
8798:
8788:
8758:
8735:
8725:
8715:
8705:
8695:
8685:
8675:
8651:
8641:
8631:
8608:
8579:
8539:
8529:
8519:
8490:
8428:
8356:
1122:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press.
10143:
9840:
9705:
9658:
9631:
9601:
9592:
9565:
9487:
9457:
9448:
9311:
9267:
9183:
9073:
9033:
9003:
8894:
8779:
8749:
8622:
8593:
8564:
8553:
8504:
8475:
8427:
8355:
8056:
8005:
7996:
7950:
7926:
7893:
7852:
7801:
7767:
7726:
7685:
7668:
7623:
7597:
7588:
7489:
7465:
7441:
7415:
7338:
7283:
7241:
7224:
7200:
7172:
7127:
7086:
7053:
7036:
6977:
6927:
6894:
6868:
6805:
6764:
6731:
6672:
6651:
6629:
6531:
6490:
6462:
6428:
6411:
6361:
6328:
6284:
6241:
6222:
6131:
6090:
6036:
6010:
5986:
5958:
5936:
5880:
5853:
5844:
5785:
5750:
5726:
5702:
5687:
5676:
5577:
5518:
5503:
5430:
5380:
5348:
5333:
5196:
5163:
5137:
5104:
5088:
4988:
4946:
4806:
4771:
4716:
4683:
4633:
4592:
4583:
4562:
4521:
4471:
4445:
4408:
4373:
4356:
4340:
4304:
4263:
4239:
4224:
4171:
3986:
3947:
3938:
3883:
3842:
3824:
3774:
3721:
3672:
3661:
3612:
3514:
3450:
3424:
3396:
3355:
3346:
3295:
3208:
3171:
3145:
3108:
3084:
3075:
3059:
2991:
2958:
2949:
2929:
2887:
2876:
2844:
2591:Stenson, G.B.; Hammill, M.O.; Lawson, J.W. (1997).
920:, and during the first or second week of April off
403:, where the mean dive depth was found to be 141 m.
2572:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
2372:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
431:to grow. This transition from thick lanugo fur to
299:translates to "ice-lover from Greenland," and its
1976:Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
1583:
1581:
1537:
1535:
1303:Kvadsheim, P. H.; Aarseth, J. J. (October 2002).
1243:
1241:
1210:, females from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada".
667:mating, leaving the pup behind on the ice. While
10341:Taxa named by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben
2730:ICES/NAFO Working Group on Harp and Hooded Seals
2139:(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
2171:
2169:
2167:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1052:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41671A45231087.en
859:. In March 2020, a harp seal was spotted near
8266:
2762:
2600:Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science
2510:Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science
1910:
1908:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1717:Miller, Edward H.; Burton, Lauren E. (2001).
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
8:
2080:"Rounds Notes | National Marine Life Center"
1683:
1681:
1679:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1007:, a medical robot pet based on the harp seal
586:, most preferring such prey as Arctic cod (
273:, or true seal, native to the northernmost
9828:
9793:
9637:
9598:
9571:
9454:
9317:
9264:
9251:
9180:
8902:
8601:
8572:
8561:
8512:
8483:
8352:
8348:
8335:
8273:
8259:
8251:
8002:
7781:
7682:
7603:
7594:
7421:
7238:
7180:
7169:
7156:
7050:
6874:
6669:
6626:
6613:
6545:
6442:
6425:
6290:
6255:
6238:
6016:
5983:
5933:
5917:
5850:
5756:
5699:
5684:
5515:
5360:
5345:
5143:
5101:
5085:
5069:
4777:
4589:
4580:
4451:
4379:
4370:
4353:
4275:
4236:
4221:
4217:
4204:
4168:
3944:
3854:
3839:
3821:
3727:
3669:
3658:
3645:
3430:
3352:
3151:
3081:
3072:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2926:
2884:
2873:
2852:
2841:
2825:
2769:
2755:
2747:
2105:"Two seals spotted on Outer Banks beaches"
423:pelt from nursing all the way up to their
324:Pagophilus groenladicus skeleton and skull
225:
59:
40:
31:
2712:
2682:
2611:
2556:
2521:
1948:
1946:
1738:
1727:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1667:
1617:
1457:
1455:
1050:
2014:Corbet, G. B.; Harris, S., eds. (1991).
752:
694:Seals congregate annually on the ice to
2622:The White Sea and West Ice populations:
1016:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
1022:
1020:
775:Pagophilus groenlandicus groenlandicus
2501:Hammill, M.O.; Stenson, G.B. (2000).
2467:"Ensuring the seal harvest is humane"
1638:John, Lawson; Anderson, John (1998).
1594:exhibit particular prey preferences?"
1305:"Thermal Function of Phocid Seal Fur"
750:There are two recognised subspecies:
7:
10213:5ec149bf-b518-4dc9-a6e5-722d304116d2
723:, and the Gulf herd breeds near the
10301:IUCN Red List least concern species
4139:South African small-spotted genet (
2018:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
1254:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
1038:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
932:were harvested in Atlantic Canada.
544:. Where common prey items include
2041:Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumbria
2004:, 2nd. ed. British Museum, London.
1740:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01322.x
1640:"Selective foraging by harp seals
1329:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01084.x
875:. Harp seals are protected by the
824:, south of their normal range. In
794:Pagophilus groenlandicus oceanicus
739:, which is off the north coast of
25:
4483:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
486:is rod-dominated and backed by a
9779:
9237:
9231:
9224:
2246:"Statistics on the seal harvest"
1929:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x
1430:10.1046/j.1365-201x.1997.00235.x
993:
981:
767:
731:. A second stock breeds on the "
343:
330:
84:
2016:The Handbook of British Mammals
678:Juvenile harp seal—a "bedlamer"
9813:List of fossil pinnipedimorphs
2701:NAMMCO Scientific Publications
2671:ICES Journal of Marine Science
2537:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2136:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
1648:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1598:ICES Journal of Marine Science
1418:Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
1120:Encyclopedia of marine mammals
1:
10311:Pinnipeds of the Arctic Ocean
3895:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2630:Biodiversity and Conservation
2441:"Monitoring the seal harvest"
1463:"Adaptation of the Harp Seal"
596:Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)
8157:Indonesian mountain weasel (
7813:North American river otter (
6701:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
3755:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
2419:10.1016/0006-3207(76)90055-0
2103:Hampton, Jeff (2020-03-27).
1793:10.1126/science.215.4535.928
1493:. 2011-03-10. Archived from
877:Marine Mammal Protection Act
831:More recently, they reached
631:Reproduction and development
604:Hippoglossoides platessoides
5018:Somalian slender mongoose (
2471:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2445:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2345:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2312:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2250:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
2224:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1891:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1866:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1383:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1352:Canadian Journal of Zoology
839:in September 1995, and the
10357:
10331:Pinnipeds of North America
7971:Asian small-clawed otter (
6710:American hog-nosed skunk (
6692:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
5000:Angolan slender mongoose (
4695:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
3744:Small-toothed palm civet (
1954:Handbook of Marine Mammals
1692:(Pagophilus groenlandicus)
1266:10.1007/s00360-019-01214-y
890:
382:Harp seals are considered
281:. Originally in the genus
10306:Mammals described in 1777
9803:
9792:
9777:
9640:
9574:
9320:
9263:
9250:
9221:
9179:
8905:
8604:
8575:
8515:
8486:
8351:
8347:
8334:
8290:
7876:
7784:
7738:Saharan striped polecat (
7709:
7606:
7424:
7183:
7168:
7155:
6877:
6719:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6625:
6612:
6548:
6450:Mediterranean monk seal (
6445:
6293:
6258:
6179:Juan Fernández fur seal (
6143:South American fur seal (
6114:
6078:South American sea lion (
6073:
6019:
5932:
5916:
5759:
5551:
5460:South American gray fox (
5404:
5363:
5146:
5084:
5068:
5036:Common slender mongoose (
4902:
4780:
4666:
4616:
4509:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4504:
4454:
4382:
4278:
4220:
4216:
4203:
4167:
4031:Crested servaline genet (
3857:
3820:
3730:
3657:
3644:
3433:
3379:
3154:
2945:
2925:
2872:
2855:
2840:
2824:
2786:
2495:The Northwest population:
2190:10.7120/09627286.21.4.445
1960:. Academic Press, London.
1564:10.1007/s00300-012-1260-x
1182:10.1007/s00300-004-0591-7
240:
233:
224:
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
9899:pagophilus-groenlandicus
9886:Pagophilus_groenlandicus
9872:Pagophilus groenlandicus
9842:Pagophilus groenlandicus
8094:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
7962:African clawless otter (
7714:African striped weasel (
7527:Yellow-throated marten (
7403:Formosan ferret-badger (
7107:Western mountain coati (
7098:Eastern mountain coati (
7015:Western lowland olingo (
6997:Eastern lowland olingo (
6825:Southern spotted skunk (
6519:Southern elephant seal (
6510:Northern elephant seal (
6300:Pagophilus groenlandicus
5077:("dog-like" carnivorans)
4890:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4511:Mungotictis decemlineata
3386:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
2833:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2684:10.1093/icesjms/48.3.363
2368:Pagophilus groenlandicus
1972:Pagophilus groenlandicus
1721:Pagophilus groenlandicus
1694: :: NOAA Fisheries"
1031:Pagophilus groenlandicus
816:Harp seals are strongly
258:Pagophilus groenlandicus
210:Pagophilus groenlandicus
8139:Yellow-bellied weasel (
7394:Burmese ferret-badger (
7376:Chinese ferret-badger (
7367:Bornean ferret badger (
7358:Vietnam ferret-badger (
6843:Eastern spotted skunk (
6834:Western spotted skunk (
6564:Leptonychotes weddellii
6206:Subantarctic fur seal (
6152:Australasian fur seal (
4976:Black-footed mongoose (
4958:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
4907:White-tailed mongoose (
4845:Indian brown mongoose (
4827:Short-tailed mongoose (
4818:Small Indian mongoose (
4755:Flat-headed kusimanse (
4728:Alexander's kusimanse (
4704:Common dwarf mongoose (
4671:Pousargues's mongoose (
4533:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4492:Grandidier's mongoose (
3746:Arctogalidia trivirgata
2970:Sunda clouded leopard (
2399:Biological Conservation
1842:Encyclopedia Britannica
747:and do not interbreed.
295:in 1844. In Greek, its
7980:Congo clawless otter (
7883:Hydrictis maculicollis
7881:Spotted-necked otter (
7840:Southern river otter (
7791:Pteronura brasiliensis
7554:European pine marten (
7065:South American coati (
6793:Palawan stink badger (
6119:New Zealand sea lion (
5184:Japanese raccoon dog (
4881:Crab-eating mongoose (
4836:Indian grey mongoose (
4459:Ring-tailed vontsira (
4270:(bone-crushing hyenas)
3965:Central African oyan (
3526:Chinese mountain cat (
2314:. 2011. Archived from
1723:(Carnivora: Phocidae)"
1619:10.1006/jmsc.1998.0367
1224:10.1006/anbe.1993.1312
988:Marine life portal
812:Migration and vagrancy
679:
651:
650:A weaned harp seal pup
619:
580:Arctogladus glacialis)
10102:Paleobiology Database
8285:and their stem-allies
8220:Back-striped weasel (
8166:Black-footed ferret (
7938:Smooth-coated otter (
7716:Poecilogale albinucha
7385:Javan ferret-badger (
7271:Sumatran hog badger (
7253:Northern hog badger (
6947:Crab-eating raccoon (
6852:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6573:Lobodon carcinophagus
6309:Histriophoca fasciata
6102:Australian sea lion (
6048:California sea lion (
5797:American black bear (
5539:Black-backed jackal (
5530:Side-striped jackal (
5370:Chrysocyon brachyurus
4794:Long-nosed mongoose (
4067:Rusty-spotted genet (
3904:Large-spotted civet (
3753:Sulawesi palm civet (
3682:Owston's palm civet (
3256:Andean mountain cat (
1309:Marine Mammal Science
1045:: e.T41671A45231087.
1027:Kovacs, K.M. (2015).
861:Salvo, North Carolina
727:in the middle of the
677:
655:shade or even water.
649:
617:
516:Its whiskers, called
490:-like and reflective
192:P. groenlandicus
10321:Mammals of Greenland
10208:Fauna Europaea (new)
8035:Long-tailed weasel (
7613:Lyncodon patagonicus
7262:Greater hog badger (
6784:Sunda stink badger (
6474:Hawaiian monk seal (
6197:Guadalupe fur seal (
6170:Antarctic fur seal (
6161:Galápagos fur seal (
6057:Galápagos sea lion (
5175:Common raccoon dog (
5027:Cape gray mongoose (
4967:Jackson's mongoose (
4927:Paracynictis selousi
4918:Cynictis penicillata
4542:Durrell's vontsira (
4130:Giant forest genet (
3922:Large Indian civet (
3862:Small Indian civet (
3471:Sunda leopard cat (
3247:Southern tiger cat (
3183:African golden cat (
2860:African palm civet (
2000:King, J. E. (2015).
1838:"Harp seal | mammal"
918:Gulf of St. Lawrence
873:New England Aquarium
729:Gulf of St. Lawrence
10336:Pinnipeds of Europe
8078:M. aistoodonnivalis
7914:Hairy-nosed otter (
7831:Neotropical otter (
7611:Patagonian weasel (
7074:White-nosed coati (
6274:Cystophora cristata
6265:Erignathus barbatus
5998:Northern fur seal (
5775:Helarctos malayanus
5411:Atelocynus microtis
5118:U. cinereoargenteus
5009:Egyptian mongoose (
4936:Rhynchogale melleri
4934:Meller's mongoose (
4925:Selous's mongoose (
4909:Ichneumia albicauda
4863:Collared mongoose (
4737:Angolan kusimanse (
4621:Liberian mongoose (
3974:West African oyan (
3873:Civettictis civetta
3804:Golden palm civet (
3762:Masked palm civet (
3737:Arctictis binturong
3711:Hemigalus derbyanus
3709:Banded palm civet (
3700:Hose's palm civet (
3489:Rusty-spotted cat (
2642:1994BiCon...3..473H
2549:1998MEPS..163....1L
2411:1976BCons..10...95S
1785:1982Sci...215..928R
1660:1998MEPS..163....1L
1610:1998ICJMS..55..941L
1556:2013PoBio..36..305L
1491:National Geographic
1321:2002MMamS..18..952K
1174:2004PoBio..27..281F
966:Population dynamics
554:Mallotus villosus),
438:Harp seals combine
51:Conservation status
10145:Phoca groenlandica
8193:European polecat (
8026:Colombian weasel (
7676:(African polecats)
7304:Caucasian badger (
7232:(Eurasian badgers)
6682:(hog-nosed skunks)
6419:("southern seals")
6318:Halichoerus grypus
6249:("northern seals")
6121:Phocarctos hookeri
6026:Eumetopias jubatus
6024:Steller sea lion (
5806:Asian black bear (
5556:African wild dog (
5510:(wolf-like canids)
4787:Atilax paludinosus
4746:Common kusimanse (
4673:Dologale dybowskii
4645:Gambian mongoose (
4429:Western falanouc (
4420:Eastern falanouc (
4389:Cryptoprocta ferox
4294:Parahyaena brunnea
4049:Johnston's genet (
4004:Abyssinian genet (
3956:(African linsangs)
3864:Viverricula indica
3795:Brown palm civet (
3786:Asian palm civet (
3693:Cynogale bennettii
3684:Chrotogale owstoni
3580:European wildcat (
3571:Black-footed cat (
3161:Leptailurus serval
3129:Asian golden cat (
2895:(Asiatic linsangs)
2740:2012-10-03 at the
2650:10.1007/bf00115154
2558:10.3354/meps163001
2285:on 26 October 2021
2002:Seals of the World
1769:Phoca groenlandica
1669:10.3354/meps163001
1642:Phoca groenlandica
1592:Phoca groenlandica
1379:Halichoerus grypus
1208:Phoca groenlandica
1000:Mammals portal
680:
652:
620:
384:sexually dimorphic
305:Phoca groenlandica
269:, is a species of
243:Phoca groenlandica
10316:Mammals of Europe
10288:
10287:
10089:Open Tree of Life
9834:Taxon identifiers
9825:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9808:List of pinnipeds
9788:
9787:
9775:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9246:
9245:
9219:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9207:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
8890:
8889:
8471:
8470:
8360:Amphicynodontidae
8248:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8211:Siberian weasel (
8202:American ermine (
8130:Japanese weasel (
8085:Mountain weasel (
8069:
7992:
7991:
7778:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7747:Striped polecat (
7697:Marbled polecat (
7679:
7664:
7663:
7636:
7584:
7583:
7563:Japanese marten (
7509:American marten (
7502:
7360:M. cucphuongensis
7351:
7334:
7333:
7322:European badger (
7295:Japanese badger (
7235:
7188:American badger (
7151:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7123:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7047:
7006:Northern olingo (
6990:
6965:Cozumel raccoon (
6940:
6864:
6863:
6818:
6777:
6685:
6666:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6582:Ommatophoca rossi
6555:Hydrurga leptonyx
6542:
6539:(Antarctic seals)
6512:M. angustirostris
6503:
6486:
6485:
6452:Monachus monachus
6439:
6422:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6252:
6235:
6218:
6217:
6080:Otaria flavescens
6069:
6068:
5980:
5948:Odobenus rosmarus
5912:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5863:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5738:Spectacled bear (
5696:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5512:
5499:
5498:
5418:Crab-eating fox (
5409:Short-eared dog (
5357:
5342:
5329:
5328:
5211:
5153:Otocyon megalotis
5097:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
4916:Yellow mongoose (
4767:
4766:
4654:Banded mongoose (
4623:Liberiictus kuhni
4577:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4441:
4440:
4367:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4272:
4233:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4103:Servaline genet (
4022:Bourlon's genet (
3997:
3958:
3934:
3933:
3816:
3815:
3788:P. hermaphroditus
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3553:African wildcat (
3510:
3509:
3480:Flat-headed cat (
3420:
3419:
3204:
3203:
3141:
3140:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
2979:Clouded leopard (
2938:
2913:Spotted linsang (
2897:
2862:Nandinia binotata
2613:10.2960/j.v22.a12
2146:978-0-12-373553-9
2133:, J.G.M. (eds.).
1779:(4535): 928–933.
1698:www.nmfs.noaa.gov
1688:Fisheries, NOAA.
1497:on March 18, 2021
809:
808:
592:Greenland halibut
588:Boreogadus saida)
561:Clupea harengus),
532:, harp seals are
498:is lubricated by
362:-shaped markings
301:taxonomic synonym
261:), also known as
249:
248:
181:
74:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
10348:
10281:
10280:
10268:
10267:
10255:
10254:
10242:
10241:
10229:
10228:
10216:
10215:
10203:
10202:
10190:
10189:
10177:
10176:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10136:
10135:
10123:
10122:
10110:
10109:
10097:
10096:
10084:
10083:
10071:
10070:
10058:
10057:
10045:
10044:
10042:NBNSYS0000005138
10032:
10031:
10019:
10018:
10006:
10005:
9993:
9992:
9980:
9979:
9967:
9966:
9954:
9953:
9941:
9940:
9928:
9927:
9915:
9914:
9902:
9901:
9889:
9888:
9876:
9875:
9874:
9861:
9860:
9859:
9829:
9794:
9783:
9730:
9686:
9676:
9646:
9638:
9619:
9599:
9580:
9572:
9545:
9535:
9525:
9515:
9498:
9460:
9455:
9436:
9426:
9416:
9406:
9396:
9386:
9376:
9366:
9356:
9346:
9336:
9326:
9318:
9270:
9265:
9252:
9241:
9235:
9229:
9228:
9181:
9152:
9142:
9118:
9094:
9084:
9061:
9051:
9021:
8991:
8981:
8971:
8961:
8951:
8941:
8931:
8921:
8911:
8903:
8878:
8868:
8858:
8820:
8810:
8800:
8790:
8760:
8737:
8727:
8717:
8707:
8697:
8687:
8677:
8653:
8643:
8633:
8610:
8602:
8581:
8573:
8562:
8541:
8531:
8521:
8513:
8492:
8484:
8430:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8336:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8252:
8184:Malayan weasel (
8103:Steppe polecat (
8076:Sichuan weasel (
8068:
8067:
8063:
8003:
7940:L. perspicillata
7905:Eurasian otter (
7782:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7683:
7678:
7677:
7673:
7652:Greater grison (
7635:
7634:
7630:
7604:
7595:
7545:Nilgiri marten (
7518:Pacific marten (
7501:
7500:
7496:
7422:
7405:M. subaurantiaca
7350:
7349:
7348:(ferret-badgers)
7345:
7239:
7234:
7233:
7229:
7181:
7170:
7157:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7041:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6875:
6817:
6816:
6815:(spotted skunks)
6812:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6670:
6665:
6664:
6656:
6627:
6614:
6571:Crabeater seal (
6546:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6502:
6501:
6500:(elephant seals)
6497:
6476:N. schauinslandi
6443:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6426:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6291:
6256:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6227:
6188:Brown fur seal (
6163:A. galapagoensis
6050:Z. californianus
6017:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5964:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5766:Melursus ursinus
5757:
5700:
5695:
5692:
5685:
5652:Ethiopian wolf (
5516:
5511:
5508:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5227:Blanford's fox (
5210:
5203:
5144:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5086:
5078:
5070:
4872:Ruddy mongoose (
4854:Javan mongoose (
4785:Marsh mongoose (
4778:
4757:C. platycephalus
4590:
4581:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4452:
4396:Malagasy civet (
4380:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4354:
4349:
4276:
4271:
4268:
4237:
4232:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4205:
4169:
3996:
3993:
3957:
3954:
3945:
3855:
3851:
3840:
3835:
3822:
3728:
3670:
3659:
3646:
3440:Otocolobus manul
3431:
3353:
3229:Geoffroy's cat (
3152:
3082:
3073:
3068:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2927:
2904:Banded linsang (
2896:
2893:
2885:
2874:
2853:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2748:
2718:
2716:
2688:
2686:
2661:
2617:
2615:
2597:
2587:
2578:(9): 1521–1524.
2562:
2560:
2527:
2525:
2523:10.2960/j.v26.a1
2507:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2278:. Archived from
2277:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2173:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2126:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1967:
1961:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1764:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1635:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1467:bioweb.uwlax.edu
1459:
1450:
1449:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1260:(3–4): 501–511.
1245:
1236:
1235:
1218:(6): 1213–1221.
1212:Animal Behaviour
1203:
1194:
1193:
1157:
1142:
1141:
1115:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1024:
998:
997:
986:
985:
984:
848:as far south as
841:Shetland Islands
771:
753:
725:Magdalen Islands
415:Thermoregulation
347:
336:
335:
229:
212:
176:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
10356:
10355:
10351:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10345:
10291:
10290:
10289:
10284:
10276:
10271:
10263:
10258:
10250:
10245:
10237:
10232:
10224:
10219:
10211:
10206:
10198:
10193:
10185:
10180:
10172:
10167:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10139:
10131:
10126:
10118:
10113:
10105:
10100:
10092:
10087:
10079:
10074:
10066:
10063:Observation.org
10061:
10053:
10048:
10040:
10035:
10027:
10022:
10014:
10009:
10001:
9996:
9988:
9983:
9975:
9970:
9962:
9957:
9949:
9944:
9936:
9931:
9923:
9918:
9910:
9905:
9897:
9892:
9884:
9879:
9870:
9869:
9864:
9855:
9854:
9849:
9836:
9826:
9817:
9799:
9784:
9759:
9701:
9654:
9627:
9588:
9553:
9483:
9444:
9349:Kamtschatarctos
9307:
9272:Desmatophocidae
9259:
9242:
9223:
9199:
9167:
9069:
9029:
8999:
8899:
8886:
8775:
8745:
8618:
8598:
8589:
8569:
8558:
8549:
8509:
8507:Pinnipediformes
8500:
8480:
8478:Pinnipedimorpha
8467:
8423:
8343:
8330:
8286:
8279:
8249:
8228:
8204:M. richardsonii
8148:European mink (
8065:
8064:
8062:
8052:
8044:American mink (
8017:Amazon weasel (
7988:
7946:
7922:
7889:
7872:
7848:
7797:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7755:
7722:
7705:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7660:
7643:Lesser grison (
7632:
7631:
7629:
7619:
7580:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7485:
7461:
7437:
7411:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7330:
7279:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7220:
7196:
7177:
7164:
7143:
7115:
7082:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7032:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6973:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6923:
6890:
6860:
6827:S. angustifrons
6814:
6813:
6811:
6801:
6774:(stink badgers)
6773:
6772:
6770:
6760:
6752:Striped skunk (
6727:
6721:C. semistriatus
6681:
6680:
6678:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6647:
6641:Ailurus fulgens
6621:
6588:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6527:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6482:
6458:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6399:
6357:
6324:
6280:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6214:
6127:
6110:
6086:
6065:
6032:
6006:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5928:
5924:
5896:
5876:
5859:
5858:
5832:
5781:
5746:
5722:
5693:
5691:
5681:
5660:
5589:Golden jackal (
5573:
5547:
5509:
5507:
5495:
5426:
5420:Cerdocyon thous
5400:
5376:
5354:
5352:
5339:
5337:
5325:
5290:Rüppell's fox (
5204:
5202:
5192:
5177:N. procyonoides
5159:
5151:Bat-eared fox (
5133:
5098:
5094:
5080:
5076:
5044:
5029:H. pulverulenta
4984:
4942:
4898:
4865:U. semitorquata
4820:U. auropunctata
4802:
4763:
4712:
4679:
4662:
4629:
4612:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4550:
4517:
4500:
4467:
4461:Galidia elegans
4437:
4404:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4350:
4345:
4324:
4316:Spotted hyena (
4300:
4283:Striped hyena (
4269:
4267:
4259:
4230:
4228:
4212:
4187:
4147:
4085:Aquatic genet (
4076:Pardine genet (
4013:Angolan genet (
3994:
3992:
3982:
3967:P. richardsonii
3955:
3953:
3930:
3913:Malayan civet (
3879:
3871:African civet (
3847:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3812:
3770:
3717:
3702:Diplogale hosei
3666:
3653:
3628:
3588:
3506:
3446:
3426:
3416:
3392:
3375:
3348:
3342:
3316:Eurasian lynx (
3291:
3200:
3167:
3147:
3137:
3104:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3047:
2987:
2939:
2935:
2921:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2820:
2782:
2775:
2742:Wayback Machine
2726:
2721:
2694:
2664:
2627:
2595:
2590:
2584:10.1139/f99-124
2565:
2530:
2505:
2500:
2491:
2489:Further reading
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2384:10.1139/f81-071
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2347:. 26 March 2020
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2226:. 26 March 2020
2218:
2217:
2213:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2128:
2127:
2116:
2109:pilotonline.com
2102:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1988:10.1139/f73-020
1969:
1968:
1964:
1951:
1944:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1893:. 26 March 2020
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1868:. 26 March 2020
1860:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1766:
1765:
1748:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1590:"Do harp seals
1587:
1586:
1579:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1395:10.1139/z96-025
1376:
1375:
1371:
1364:10.1139/z86-047
1349:
1348:
1344:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1014:
992:
982:
980:
977:
968:
895:
889:
814:
704:
633:
618:Whitecoated pup
612:
600:American plaice
526:
500:lacrimal glands
492:tapetum lucidum
476:
417:
392:
380:
352:
351:
350:
349:
348:
339:
338:
337:
331:
326:
325:
319:
297:scientific name
263:Saddleback Seal
220:
214:
208:
195:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
18:Saddleback seal
15:
12:
11:
5:
10354:
10352:
10344:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10293:
10292:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10282:
10269:
10256:
10243:
10230:
10217:
10204:
10191:
10178:
10165:
10149:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:
10124:
10111:
10098:
10085:
10072:
10059:
10046:
10033:
10020:
10007:
9994:
9981:
9968:
9955:
9942:
9929:
9916:
9903:
9890:
9877:
9862:
9846:
9844:
9838:
9837:
9832:
9823:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9797:
9790:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9768:
9765:
9764:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9757:
9750:
9743:
9736:
9726:
9719:
9711:
9709:
9703:
9702:
9700:
9699:
9692:
9682:
9672:
9664:
9662:
9656:
9655:
9653:
9652:
9641:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9625:
9615:
9607:
9605:
9596:
9590:
9589:
9587:
9586:
9575:
9569:
9563:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9555:
9554:
9552:
9551:
9541:
9531:
9521:
9511:
9504:
9493:
9491:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9474:
9466:
9464:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9432:
9422:
9412:
9402:
9392:
9382:
9372:
9362:
9352:
9342:
9332:
9329:Archaeodobenus
9321:
9315:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9305:
9298:
9291:
9284:
9276:
9274:
9261:
9260:
9255:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9205:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9197:
9196:
9195:
9189:
9187:
9177:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9158:
9148:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9114:
9107:
9100:
9090:
9079:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9047:
9039:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9017:
9009:
9007:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8987:
8977:
8967:
8957:
8947:
8937:
8927:
8917:
8906:
8900:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8874:
8871:Properiptychus
8864:
8854:
8847:
8840:
8833:
8826:
8816:
8806:
8796:
8785:
8783:
8777:
8776:
8774:
8773:
8766:
8755:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8743:
8733:
8723:
8713:
8703:
8693:
8683:
8673:
8666:
8659:
8649:
8639:
8628:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8605:
8599:
8594:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8576:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8527:
8516:
8510:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8498:
8487:
8481:
8476:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8444:
8436:
8434:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8421:
8414:
8407:
8400:
8393:
8386:
8379:
8372:
8364:
8362:
8345:
8344:
8341:Pan-Pinnipedia
8339:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8255:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8222:M. strigidorsa
8217:
8208:
8199:
8190:
8181:
8175:Least weasel (
8172:
8163:
8154:
8145:
8136:
8127:
8121:Haida ermine (
8118:
8109:
8105:M. eversmannii
8100:
8091:
8082:
8072:
8070:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8050:
8041:
8032:
8023:
8013:
8011:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7986:
7977:
7968:
7958:
7956:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7944:
7934:
7932:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7920:
7911:
7901:
7899:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7870:
7860:
7858:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7837:
7833:L. longicaudis
7828:
7822:Marine otter (
7819:
7809:
7807:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7785:
7779:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7744:
7734:
7732:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7720:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7680:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7649:
7639:
7637:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7607:
7601:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7569:
7560:
7551:
7542:
7536:Beech marten (
7533:
7524:
7515:
7505:
7503:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7473:
7471:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7449:
7447:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7400:
7391:
7382:
7373:
7364:
7354:
7352:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7319:
7313:Asian badger (
7310:
7301:
7291:
7289:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7268:
7259:
7255:A. albogularis
7249:
7247:
7236:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7212:Honey badger (
7208:
7206:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7184:
7178:
7173:
7166:
7165:
7160:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7104:
7094:
7092:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7071:
7061:
7059:
7048:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7021:
7012:
7003:
6993:
6991:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6962:
6953:
6949:P. cancrivorus
6943:
6941:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:B. sumichrasti
6912:
6902:
6900:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6878:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6790:
6780:
6778:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6749:
6743:Hooded skunk (
6739:
6737:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6716:
6707:
6698:
6688:
6686:
6667:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6633:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6562:Weddell seal (
6559:
6553:Leopard seal (
6549:
6543:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6516:
6506:
6504:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6446:
6440:
6423:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:
6379:
6373:Caspian seal (
6369:
6367:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6346:
6340:Spotted seal (
6336:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6269:
6263:Bearded seal (
6259:
6253:
6236:
6232:or true seals)
6230:(earless seals
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6203:
6194:
6185:
6176:
6167:
6158:
6149:
6139:
6137:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6054:
6044:
6042:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5981:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5930:
5929:
5921:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5866:
5864:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5821:
5812:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5770:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5716:A. melanoleuca
5710:
5708:
5697:
5682:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5649:
5640:
5634:Eastern wolf (
5631:
5622:
5616:African wolf (
5613:
5604:
5598:Domestic dog (
5595:
5585:
5583:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5562:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5513:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5484:
5478:Sechuran fox (
5475:
5471:L. gymnocercus
5466:
5457:
5451:Darwin's fox (
5448:
5438:
5436:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5415:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5388:
5386:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5364:
5358:
5343:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5220:V. bengalensis
5214:
5212:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5099:
5089:
5082:
5081:
5073:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5033:
5024:
5015:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4960:B. crassicauda
4954:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4860:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4791:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4587:
4578:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4539:
4529:
4527:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:G. grandidieri
4489:
4479:
4477:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4383:
4377:
4368:
4351:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4289:
4279:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4234:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4058:Letaba genet (
4055:
4046:
4040:Common genet (
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3868:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3825:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:P. zeylonensis
3801:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:Paguma larvata
3759:
3750:
3741:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3535:Domestic cat (
3532:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3491:P. rubiginosus
3486:
3477:
3468:
3464:P. bengalensis
3458:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3438:Pallas's cat (
3434:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3325:Iberian lynx (
3322:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3079:
3070:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3003:Snow leopard (
2999:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2940:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2829:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2816:Laurasiatheria
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2725:
2724:External links
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:10.7557/3.2968
2692:
2689:
2677:(3): 363–371.
2662:
2636:(6): 473–492.
2619:
2618:
2588:
2563:
2528:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2458:
2432:
2389:
2378:(5): 495–503.
2358:
2332:
2321:on May 1, 2019
2296:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2184:(4): 445–455.
2178:Animal Welfare
2163:
2145:
2114:
2095:
2071:
2050:
2031:
2025:978-0632016914
2024:
2006:
1993:
1962:
1942:
1923:(3): 207–234.
1904:
1878:
1853:
1822:
1746:
1733:(3): 345–355.
1709:
1675:
1625:
1604:(5): 941–953.
1577:
1550:(3): 305–320.
1531:
1507:
1478:
1451:
1424:(3): 385–395.
1408:
1389:(2): 201–208.
1369:
1358:(2): 279–284.
1342:
1315:(4): 952–962.
1295:
1237:
1195:
1168:(5): 281–298.
1143:
1128:
1065:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1002:
990:
976:
973:
967:
964:
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947:
944:
941:
891:Main article:
888:
885:
837:Northumberland
813:
810:
807:
806:
796:
791:
788:
787:
777:
772:
764:
763:
760:
757:
709:eastern Canada
703:
700:
632:
629:
611:
608:
525:
522:
475:
472:
444:metabolic rate
416:
413:
401:Denmark Strait
391:
388:
379:
376:
342:
341:
340:
329:
328:
327:
323:
322:
321:
320:
318:
315:
275:Atlantic Ocean
267:Greenland Seal
247:
246:
238:
237:
231:
230:
222:
221:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
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168:
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100:
95:
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90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
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45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10353:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10279:
10274:
10270:
10266:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10248:
10244:
10240:
10235:
10231:
10227:
10222:
10218:
10214:
10209:
10205:
10201:
10196:
10192:
10188:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10170:
10166:
10161:
10155:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10146:
10142:
10134:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10090:
10086:
10082:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10064:
10060:
10056:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10038:
10034:
10030:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10012:
10008:
10004:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9960:
9956:
9952:
9947:
9943:
9939:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9882:
9878:
9873:
9867:
9863:
9858:
9852:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9830:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9802:
9795:
9791:
9782:
9756:
9755:
9751:
9749:
9748:
9744:
9742:
9741:
9737:
9735:
9734:
9727:
9725:
9724:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9716:Arctocephalus
9713:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9704:
9698:
9697:
9693:
9691:
9690:
9683:
9681:
9680:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9661:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9643:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9604:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9591:
9585:
9584:
9577:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9564:
9550:
9549:
9542:
9540:
9539:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9522:
9520:
9519:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9505:
9503:
9502:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9479:
9475:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9462:Dusignathinae
9456:
9453:
9451:
9447:
9441:
9440:
9433:
9431:
9430:
9423:
9421:
9420:
9413:
9411:
9410:
9409:Proneotherium
9403:
9401:
9400:
9393:
9391:
9390:
9383:
9381:
9380:
9373:
9371:
9370:
9363:
9361:
9360:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9343:
9341:
9340:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9323:
9322:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9310:
9304:
9303:
9299:
9297:
9296:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9285:
9283:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9273:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9253:
9249:
9240:
9236:
9234:
9227:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9178:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9115:
9113:
9112:
9108:
9106:
9105:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9025:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8994:Sarmatonectes
8988:
8986:
8985:
8978:
8976:
8975:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8938:
8936:
8935:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8918:
8916:
8915:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8901:
8898:
8893:
8883:
8882:
8881:Virginiaphoca
8875:
8873:
8872:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8855:
8853:
8852:
8848:
8846:
8845:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8837:Leptonychotes
8834:
8832:
8831:
8827:
8825:
8824:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8803:Australophoca
8797:
8795:
8794:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8765:
8764:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8748:
8742:
8741:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8704:
8702:
8701:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8684:
8682:
8681:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8640:
8638:
8637:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8625:
8621:
8615:
8614:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8600:
8597:
8592:
8586:
8585:
8578:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8534:Pinnarctidion
8528:
8526:
8525:
8524:Pacificotaria
8518:
8517:
8514:
8511:
8508:
8503:
8497:
8496:
8489:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8474:
8464:
8463:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8448:Potamotherium
8445:
8443:
8442:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8361:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8337:
8333:
8327:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8315:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8303:
8299:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8284:
8276:
8271:
8269:
8264:
8262:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8225:
8223:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8182:
8180:
8178:
8173:
8171:
8169:
8164:
8162:
8160:
8159:M. lutreolina
8155:
8153:
8151:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8119:
8117:
8115:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8092:
8090:
8088:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8049:
8047:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7985:
7983:
7978:
7976:
7974:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7943:
7941:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7930:
7925:
7919:
7917:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7886:
7884:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7815:L. canadensis
7811:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7789:Giant otter (
7787:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7770:
7766:
7752:
7750:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7719:
7717:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7702:
7700:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7681:
7671:
7667:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7616:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7587:
7577:
7575:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7547:M. gwatkinsii
7543:
7541:
7539:
7534:
7532:
7530:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7482:
7480:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7458:
7456:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7440:
7434:
7432:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7387:M. orientalis
7383:
7381:
7379:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7327:
7325:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7237:
7227:
7223:
7217:
7215:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7191:
7190:Taxidea taxus
7186:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7158:
7154:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7126:
7112:
7110:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7100:N. meridensis
7096:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7077:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7049:
7039:
7035:
7029:
7027:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6970:
6968:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6857:
6855:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6786:M. javanensis
6782:
6781:
6779:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6724:
6722:
6717:
6715:
6713:
6712:C. leuconotus
6708:
6706:
6704:
6703:C. humboldtii
6699:
6697:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6668:
6662:
6654:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6615:
6611:
6585:
6583:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6534:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6479:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6414:
6410:
6396:
6394:
6391:Baikal seal (
6389:
6387:
6385:
6382:Ringed seal (
6380:
6378:
6376:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6349:Harbor seal (
6347:
6345:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6307:Ribbon seal (
6305:
6303:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6272:Hooded seal (
6270:
6268:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6209:
6208:A. tropicalis
6204:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6134:Arctocephalus
6130:
6124:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6062:
6060:
6059:Z. wollebaeki
6055:
6053:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5976:
5971:
5967:(eared seals:
5962:
5957:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5919:
5915:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5829:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5808:U. thibetanus
5804:
5802:
5800:
5799:U. americanus
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5717:
5714:Giant panda (
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5698:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5675:
5657:
5655:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5600:C. familiaris
5596:
5594:
5592:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5558:Lycaon pictus
5554:
5553:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5254:Tibetan fox (
5252:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5186:N. viverrinus
5182:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5127:U. littoralis
5123:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5100:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5071:
5067:
5041:
5039:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5002:H. flavescens
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4892:U. vitticolla
4888:
4886:
4884:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4796:Xenogale naso
4792:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4570:
4569:sensu stricto
4565:
4561:
4547:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4398:Fossa fossana
4394:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4292:Brown hyena (
4290:
4288:
4286:
4285:Hyaena hyaena
4281:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4112:Hausa genet (
4110:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4015:G. angolensis
4011:
4009:
4007:
4006:G. abyssinica
4002:
4001:
3999:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3915:V. tangalunga
3911:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3849:sensu stricto
3845:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Paradoxurinae
3720:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3691:Otter civet (
3689:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3585:
3583:
3582:F. silvestris
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3500:P. viverrinus
3498:Fishing cat (
3496:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3473:P. javanensis
3469:
3467:
3465:
3462:Leopard cat (
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3309:L. canadensis
3307:Canada lynx (
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3131:C. temminckii
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3096:Marbled cat (
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3066:sensu stricto
3063:
3058:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2915:P. pardicolor
2911:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:(2): 95–118.
2404:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2153:on 2009-11-09
2152:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2047:(4): 239–241.
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Mammal Review
1911:
1909:
1905:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Polar Biology
1538:
1536:
1532:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Polar Biology
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:9780123735539
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
996:
991:
989:
979:
978:
974:
972:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
945:
942:
939:
938:
937:
933:
929:
927:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
886:
884:
882:
881:United States
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:parasite load
853:
851:
847:
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
826:Great Britain
823:
819:
811:
804:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:
786:
782:
778:
776:
773:
770:
766:
765:
762:Distribution
761:
758:
755:
754:
751:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
701:
699:
697:
692:
688:
686:
676:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:blubber layer
656:
648:
644:
640:
638:
637:mating system
630:
628:
625:
616:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
514:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:Greenland Sea
389:
387:
385:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
346:
334:
316:
314:
312:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
245:
244:
239:
236:
232:
228:
223:
218:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
10144:
9841:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9721:
9714:
9694:
9689:Proterozetes
9687:
9679:Oriensarctos
9677:
9667:
9649:Thalassoleon
9647:
9622:Pithanotaria
9620:
9610:
9581:
9567:Panotariidae
9546:
9538:Protodobenus
9536:
9526:
9516:
9506:
9499:
9476:
9469:
9437:
9427:
9417:
9407:
9397:
9389:Pelagiarctos
9387:
9377:
9367:
9357:
9347:
9337:
9327:
9300:
9295:Desmatophoca
9293:
9286:
9279:
9230:
9160:
9153:
9143:
9133:
9127:
9126:
9119:
9111:Histriophoca
9109:
9102:
9095:
9085:
9062:
9052:
9042:
9035:Cystophorini
9022:
9012:
8992:
8982:
8972:
8962:
8952:
8942:
8932:
8922:
8912:
8879:
8869:
8859:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8811:
8801:
8791:
8768:
8761:
8738:
8728:
8718:
8708:
8700:Palmidophoca
8698:
8688:
8678:
8668:
8661:
8654:
8644:
8634:
8613:Magnotherium
8611:
8582:
8544:Pteronarctos
8542:
8532:
8522:
8493:
8460:
8453:
8446:
8439:
8432:Semantoridae
8416:
8409:
8404:Pachycynodon
8402:
8395:
8388:
8383:Amphicynodon
8381:
8376:Amphicticeps
8374:
8367:
8324:Infraorder:
8221:
8212:
8203:
8194:
8185:
8176:
8167:
8158:
8149:
8140:
8131:
8122:
8113:
8104:
8095:
8086:
8077:
8057:
8045:
8036:
8027:
8018:
8006:
7981:
7972:
7963:
7951:
7939:
7927:
7916:L. sumatrana
7915:
7906:
7894:
7882:
7865:
7853:
7841:
7832:
7823:
7814:
7802:
7790:
7748:
7739:
7727:
7715:
7699:V. peregusna
7698:
7686:
7653:
7644:
7624:
7612:
7599:Lyncodontini
7590:Ictonychinae
7574:M. zibellina
7573:
7564:
7555:
7546:
7537:
7529:M. flavigula
7528:
7519:
7511:M. americana
7510:
7490:
7478:
7466:
7454:
7442:
7431:Eira barbara
7430:
7404:
7396:M. personata
7395:
7386:
7377:
7368:
7359:
7339:
7323:
7314:
7306:M. canescens
7305:
7296:
7284:
7272:
7263:
7254:
7242:
7213:
7201:
7189:
7108:
7099:
7087:
7075:
7066:
7054:
7025:
7016:
7007:
6998:
6978:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6928:
6916:
6915:Cacomistle (
6907:
6895:
6884:Potos flavus
6883:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6806:
6794:
6785:
6765:
6753:
6744:
6732:
6720:
6711:
6702:
6693:
6673:
6640:
6581:
6572:
6563:
6554:
6520:
6511:
6491:
6475:
6463:
6451:
6436:(monk seals)
6392:
6383:
6374:
6362:
6350:
6341:
6329:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6297:
6273:
6264:
6207:
6199:A. townsendi
6198:
6189:
6181:A. philippii
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6145:A. australis
6144:
6132:
6120:
6103:
6091:
6079:
6058:
6049:
6037:
6025:
5999:
5987:
5947:
5826:U. maritimus
5825:
5824:Polar bear (
5816:
5815:Brown bear (
5807:
5798:
5786:
5774:
5765:
5764:Sloth bear (
5739:
5727:
5715:
5703:
5653:
5644:
5635:
5626:
5617:
5608:
5599:
5590:
5578:
5567:Cuon alpinus
5566:
5557:
5541:L. mesomelas
5540:
5531:
5519:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5469:Pampas fox (
5461:
5452:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5410:
5394:S. venaticus
5393:
5381:
5369:
5368:Maned wolf (
5350:Cerdocyonina
5318:
5317:Fennec fox (
5309:
5300:
5292:V. rueppelli
5291:
5282:
5273:
5264:
5263:Arctic fox (
5256:V. ferrilata
5255:
5246:
5245:Corsac fox (
5237:
5228:
5219:
5218:Bengal fox (
5197:
5185:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5126:
5125:Island fox (
5117:
5105:
5038:H. sanguinea
5037:
5028:
5019:
5011:H. ichneumon
5010:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4968:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4855:
4846:
4838:U. edwardsii
4837:
4829:U. brachyura
4828:
4819:
4807:
4795:
4786:
4756:
4747:
4738:
4730:C. alexandri
4729:
4717:
4705:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4655:
4647:M. gambianus
4646:
4634:
4622:
4606:S. suricatta
4605:
4593:
4568:
4543:
4534:
4522:
4510:
4493:
4484:
4472:
4460:
4430:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4388:
4365:carnivorans)
4346:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4284:
4252:
4240:
4210:Herpestoidea
4173:Herpestoidea
4140:
4132:G. victoriae
4131:
4122:
4121:Cape genet (
4113:
4105:G. servalina
4104:
4095:
4094:King genet (
4087:G. piscivora
4086:
4077:
4068:
4059:
4051:G. johnstoni
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3987:
3976:P. leightoni
3975:
3966:
3948:
3923:
3914:
3906:V. megaspila
3905:
3897:V. civettina
3896:
3884:
3872:
3863:
3848:
3832:
3805:
3796:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3581:
3572:
3564:F. margarita
3563:
3554:
3545:
3544:Jungle cat (
3536:
3527:
3515:
3499:
3490:
3482:P. planiceps
3481:
3472:
3463:
3453:Prionailurus
3451:
3439:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3384:Jaguarundi (
3368:
3356:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3231:L. geoffroyi
3230:
3221:
3220:Pampas cat (
3209:
3193:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3130:
3121:
3109:
3098:P. marmorata
3097:
3085:
3065:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2971:
2959:
2914:
2905:
2888:
2861:
2814:Superorder:
2808:Infraclass:
2704:
2700:
2674:
2670:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2603:
2599:
2575:
2571:
2568:Gadus morhua
2567:
2540:
2536:
2513:
2509:
2494:
2493:
2475:. Retrieved
2473:. March 2016
2470:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2447:. March 2016
2444:
2435:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2311:
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2252:. March 2016
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2223:
2214:
2181:
2177:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2135:
2108:
2098:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1920:
1916:
1895:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1870:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:
1691:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1547:
1543:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1510:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:the original
1490:
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1257:
1253:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1165:
1161:
1119:
1056:. Retrieved
1042:
1036:
1030:
969:
960:
956:
952:
949:
934:
930:
922:Newfoundland
915:
896:
893:Seal hunting
887:Seal hunting
854:
830:
815:
793:
774:
749:
721:Newfoundland
705:
702:Distribution
693:
689:
681:
657:
653:
641:
634:
621:
610:Life history
603:
595:
587:
584:Newfoundland
579:
560:
553:
527:
515:
508:
477:
465:
437:
418:
405:
393:
381:
353:
309:
308:
304:
292:
282:
279:Arctic Ocean
271:earless seal
266:
262:
257:
256:
252:
250:
242:
241:
209:
207:
191:
190:
171:
170:
144:
29:
10115:SeaLifeBase
10024:NatureServe
9946:iNaturalist
9866:Wikispecies
9612:Callorhinus
9603:Callorhinae
9478:Gomphotaria
9471:Dusignathus
9439:Titanotaria
9429:Pseudotaria
9359:Nanodobenus
9104:Halichoerus
9005:Erignathini
8964:Monotherium
8954:Monachopsis
8914:Cryptophoca
8851:Ommatophoca
8781:Lobodontini
8740:Terranectes
8730:Pristiphoca
8670:Neomonachus
8646:Auroraphoca
8584:Devinophoca
8495:Enaliarctos
8213:M. sibirica
8195:M. putorius
8168:M. nigripes
8150:M. lutreola
8123:M. haidarum
8019:N. africana
7982:A. congicus
7973:A. cinereus
7964:A. capensis
7864:Sea otter (
7842:L. provocax
7749:I. striatus
7670:Ictonychini
7565:M. melampus
7477:Wolverine (
7455:P. pennanti
7378:M. moschata
7369:M. everetti
7315:M. leucurus
7273:A. hoevenii
7264:A. collaris
7214:M. capensis
7109:N. olivacea
7024:Olinguito (
6980:Bassaricyon
6967:P. pygmaeus
6897:Bassariscus
6870:Procyonidae
6845:S. putorius
6836:S. gracilis
6754:M. mephitis
6745:M. macroura
6639:Red panda (
6619:Musteloidea
6580:Ross seal (
6533:Lobodontini
6465:Neomonachus
6393:P. sibirica
6351:P. vitulina
6316:Grey seal (
6298:Harp seal (
6190:A. pusillus
6154:A. forsteri
5989:Callorhinus
5923:Pinnipedia
5882:Musteloidea
5654:C. simensis
5618:C. lupaster
5487:Hoary fox (
5480:L. sechurae
5453:L. fulvipes
5444:L. culpaeus
5340:(true dogs)
5299:Swift fox (
5274:V. macrotis
5166:Nyctereutes
5075:Caniformia
5020:H. ochracea
4978:B. nigripes
4969:B. jacksoni
4856:U. javanica
4773:Herpestinae
4748:C. obscurus
4739:C. ansorgei
4719:Crossarchus
4575:(mongooses)
4564:Herpestidae
4544:S. durrelli
4535:S. concolor
4485:G. fasciata
4422:E. goudotii
4343:Herpestidae
4253:P. cristata
4114:G. thierryi
4069:G. maculata
4033:G. cristata
4024:G. bourloni
3777:Paradoxurus
3735:Binturong (
3674:Hemigalinae
3651:Viverroidea
3614:Viverroidea
3573:F. nigripes
3425:Leopard cat
3410:P. concolor
3327:L. pardinus
3276:L. tigrinus
3267:L. pardalis
3258:L. jacobita
3249:L. guttulus
3222:L. colocola
2981:N. nebulosa
2951:Pantherinae
2831:Feliformia
2606:: 137–154.
2570:) stock?".
1982:: 124–125.
1690:"Harp Seal
1516:"Harp Seal"
1487:"Harp Seal"
1381:, in air".
833:Lindisfarne
685:polar bears
665:promiscuous
590:, capelin,
542:Barents Sea
534:carnivorous
317:Description
10295:Categories
9754:Phocarctos
9733:Hydrarctos
9723:Arctophoca
9669:Eumetopias
9548:Valenictus
9489:Odobeninae
9450:Neodobenia
9419:Prototaria
9379:Osodobenus
9369:Neotherium
9339:Imagotaria
9313:Odobenidae
9288:Atopotarus
9281:Allodesmus
9257:Otarioidea
9194:see below↓
9185:Otarioidea
9128:Pagophilus
9087:Batavipusa
9064:Pachyphoca
9044:Cystophora
9024:Platyphoca
9014:Erignathus
8974:Phocanella
8944:Leptophoca
8924:Frisiphoca
8861:Piscophoca
8813:Hadrokirus
8763:Callophoca
8751:Miroungini
8720:Pontophoca
8680:Eomonachus
8656:Messiphoca
8596:Monachinae
8556:Pinnipedia
8441:Necromites
8397:Kolponomos
8320:Caniformia
8318:Suborder:
8281:Genera of
8186:M. nudipes
8177:M. nivalis
8141:M. kathiah
8096:M. erminea
8087:M. altaica
8037:N. frenata
8028:N. felipei
7998:Mustelinae
7740:I. libycus
7654:G. vittata
7520:M. caurina
7297:M. anakuma
7175:Mustelidae
7162:Mustelidae
7138:see below↓
7129:Mustelidae
7026:B. neblina
6937:(raccoons)
6908:B. astutus
6906:Ringtail (
6882:Kinkajou (
6854:S. pygmaea
6795:M. marchei
6653:Mephitidae
6521:M. leonina
6413:Monachinae
6384:P. hispida
6375:P. caspica
6172:A. gazella
6104:N. cinerea
6000:C. ursinus
5938:Odobenidae
5891:see below↓
5871:see below↓
5855:Pinnipedia
5773:Sun bear (
5740:T. ornatus
5729:Tremarctos
5705:Ailuropoda
5643:Red wolf (
5609:C. latrans
5532:L. adustus
5489:L. vetulus
5462:L. griseus
5392:Bush dog (
5283:V. pallida
5281:Pale fox (
5265:V. lagopus
5236:Cape fox (
5116:Gray fox (
4874:U. smithii
4706:H. parvula
4697:H. hirtula
4585:Mungotinae
4474:Galidictis
4447:Galidiinae
4375:Euplerinae
4358:Eupleridae
4347:sensu lato
4318:C. crocuta
4251:Aardwolf (
4182:see below↓
4123:G. tigrina
4096:G. poensis
4078:G. pardina
4060:G. letabae
4042:G. genetta
3940:Genettinae
3924:V. zibetha
3844:Viverrinae
3833:sensu lato
3828:Viverrinae
3797:P. jerdoni
3664:Viverridae
3623:see below↓
3562:Sand cat (
3369:A. jubatus
3194:C. caracal
3087:Pardofelis
2906:P. linsang
2847:Feliformia
2157:2010-01-26
2089:2018-04-10
1872:2021-03-01
1847:2018-04-03
1703:2018-04-03
1525:2018-04-10
1501:2018-04-10
1472:2018-04-03
1012:References
871:, and the
759:Subspecies
745:allopatric
528:Like most
504:tear ducts
440:anatomical
378:Physiology
310:Pagophilus
293:Pagophilus
172:Pagophilus
151:Pinnipedia
35:Harp seal
10160:Q50407589
10055:harp-seal
9660:Zalophini
9633:Otariinae
9594:Otariidae
9528:Pliopedia
9518:Ontocetus
9145:Planopusa
9121:Nanophoca
8823:Homiphoca
8793:Acrophoca
8710:Pliophoca
8690:Noriphoca
8636:Afrophoca
8624:Monachini
8418:Wangictis
8390:Drassonax
8326:Arctoidea
8314:Carnivora
8294:Kingdom:
8283:pinnipeds
8132:M. itatsi
8066:(weasels)
7929:Lutrogale
7866:E. lutris
7824:L. felina
7633:(grisons)
7556:M. martes
7499:(martens)
7417:Guloninae
7203:Mellivora
7076:N. narica
7017:B. medius
7008:B. gabbii
6999:B. alleni
6987:(olingos)
6956:Raccoon (
6808:Spilogale
6694:C. chinga
6675:Conepatus
6631:Ailuridae
6430:Monachini
6342:P. largha
6012:Otariinae
5975:sea lions
5970:fur seals
5961:Otariidae
5846:Mustelida
5817:U. arctos
5679:Arctoidea
5636:C. lycaon
5591:C. aureus
5521:Lupulella
5433:Lycalopex
5310:V. vulpes
5308:Red fox (
5272:Kit fox (
5247:V. corsac
4991:Herpestes
4604:Meerkat (
4363:(Malagasy
4265:Hyaeninae
4226:Hyaenidae
4141:G. felina
3555:F. lybica
3367:Cheetah (
3285:L. wiedii
3274:Oncilla (
3240:L. guigna
3211:Leopardus
3192:Caracal (
3185:C. aurata
3120:Bay cat (
3041:P. pardus
3039:Leopard (
3014:P. tigris
2972:N. diardi
2890:Prionodon
2790:Kingdom:
2779:Carnivora
2427:0006-3207
2198:0962-7286
2131:Thewissen
2061:Twitching
1956:, vol. 2
1937:1365-2907
1438:0001-6772
1403:0008-4301
1337:0824-0469
1290:253890521
1274:0174-1578
1138:316226747
911:Greenland
818:migratory
737:White Sea
669:courtship
576:polar cod
564:flat fish
538:White Sea
530:pinnipeds
518:vibrissae
480:spherical
457:Brown fat
289:monotypic
253:harp seal
186:Species:
138:Carnivora
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
10239:10543478
10154:Wikidata
10029:2.102996
10016:14001057
9964:10941606
9851:Wikidata
9740:Neophoca
9707:Otariini
9696:Zalophus
9508:Odobenus
9399:Pontolis
9302:Eodesmus
9155:Praepusa
9097:Gryphoca
9054:Miophoca
8984:Prophoca
8897:Phocinae
8830:Hydrurga
8770:Mirounga
8663:Monachus
8567:Phocidae
8462:Semantor
8411:Parictis
8369:Allocyon
8308:Mammalia
8302:Chordata
8300:Phylum:
8296:Animalia
8112:Ferret (
8046:N. vison
7907:L. lutra
7775:(otters)
7769:Lutrinae
7626:Galictis
7538:M. foina
7453:Fisher (
7341:Melogale
7324:M. meles
7244:Arctonyx
7089:Nasuella
7067:N. nasua
7044:(coatis)
6958:P. lotor
6734:Mephitis
6493:Mirounga
6243:Phocinae
6224:Phocidae
6093:Neophoca
6039:Zalophus
5946:Walrus (
5645:C. rufus
5627:C. lupus
5607:Coyote (
5442:Culpeo (
5383:Speothos
5319:V. zerda
5301:V. velox
5238:V. chama
4949:Bdeogale
4847:U. fusca
4686:Helogale
4656:M. mungo
4595:Suricata
4524:Salanoia
4431:E. major
4411:Eupleres
4242:Proteles
4231:(hyenas)
3995:(genets)
3546:F. chaus
3537:F. catus
3528:F. bieti
3408:Cougar (
3358:Acinonyx
3336:L. rufus
3334:Bobcat (
3283:Margay (
3265:Ocelot (
3238:Kodkod (
3159:Serval (
3122:C. badia
3111:Catopuma
3021:Jaguar (
3005:P. uncia
2994:Panthera
2961:Neofelis
2879:Feloidea
2810:Eutheria
2804:Mammalia
2798:Chordata
2796:Phylum:
2792:Animalia
2738:Archived
2707:: 9–28.
2543:: 1–10.
2516:: 1–23.
2206:72487796
2084:nmlc.org
2068:(3): 58.
1817:23015146
1809:17821351
1654:: 1–10.
1572:17370939
1282:30923894
1232:53203432
1190:27841378
975:See also
822:vagrants
779:Eastern
733:West Ice
717:Labrador
572:Svalbard
568:Gadiform
511:predator
467:Flippers
408:fast ice
364:dorsally
360:wishbone
235:Synonyms
217:Erxleben
161:Phocidae
157:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
10326:Phocins
10226:2434802
10003:1005924
9938:2434801
9857:Q209324
9583:Eotaria
9501:Aivukus
9075:Phocini
8844:Lobodon
8455:Puijila
8312:Order:
8306:Class:
8114:M. furo
8059:Mustela
8008:Neogale
7855:Enhydra
7729:Ictonyx
7688:Vormela
7645:G. cuja
7572:Sable (
7479:G. gulo
7444:Pekania
7429:Tayra (
7226:Melinae
7038:Nasuina
6930:Procyon
6286:Phocini
5925:(seals)
5860:(seals)
5752:Ursinae
5694:(bears)
5689:Ursidae
5565:Dhole (
5355:(zorro)
5229:V. cana
5139:Vulpini
5107:Urocyon
5091:Canidae
4883:U. urva
4387:Fossa (
4307:Crocuta
3989:Genetta
3886:Viverra
3427:lineage
3349:lineage
3318:L. lynx
3174:Caracal
3148:lineage
3146:Caracal
3078:lineage
3076:Bay cat
3062:Felinae
3023:P. onca
3012:Tiger (
2932:Felidae
2802:Class:
2781:species
2777:Extant
2638:Bibcode
2545:Bibcode
2477:2 March
2451:2 March
2407:Bibcode
2351:2 March
2289:2 March
2256:2 March
2230:2 March
1897:2 March
1801:1688319
1781:Bibcode
1773:Science
1656:Bibcode
1606:Bibcode
1552:Bibcode
1446:9401592
1317:Bibcode
1170:Bibcode
1058:4 April
879:in the
803:Barents
557:herring
550:capelin
453:fasting
449:blubber
433:blubber
425:weaning
167:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
10278:137082
10252:180647
10174:747363
10133:159019
10094:664062
10081:159019
9977:622022
9894:ARKive
9747:Otaria
7804:Lontra
7492:Martes
6767:Mydaus
6661:skunks
5625:Wolf (
5505:Canina
5335:Canini
5199:Vulpes
5095:(dogs)
4636:Mungos
3950:Poiana
3032:P. leo
3030:Lion (
2936:(cats)
2658:498496
2656:
2425:
2325:May 1,
2204:
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907:Russia
903:Norway
899:Canada
846:fjords
785:Norway
781:Canada
741:Russia
624:social
496:cornea
484:retina
474:Senses
459:warms
429:pelage
421:lanugo
390:Diving
291:genus
219:, 1777
180:, 1844
10273:WoRMS
10265:39089
10234:IRMNG
10200:11322
10195:EUNIS
10187:4GK53
10128:WoRMS
10120:71169
10107:80726
9990:41671
9959:IRMNG
9951:41702
9925:15727
9920:EUNIS
9912:75KB3
9798:Lists
9135:Phoca
8934:Kawas
7953:Aonyx
7896:Lutra
7286:Meles
7056:Nasua
6331:Phoca
5788:Ursus
5580:Canis
5207:foxes
3517:Felis
2654:S2CID
2596:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
2319:(PDF)
2308:(PDF)
2283:(PDF)
2276:(PDF)
2202:S2CID
1958:Seals
1813:S2CID
1797:JSTOR
1568:S2CID
1286:S2CID
1228:S2CID
1186:S2CID
926:Inuit
805:seas
799:White
756:Image
713:coast
546:krill
461:blood
284:Phoca
145:Clade
10260:NCBI
10247:ITIS
10221:GBIF
10169:BOLD
10076:OBIS
10068:7760
10050:NOAA
9985:IUCN
9972:ITIS
9933:GBIF
9162:Pusa
7468:Gulo
6364:Pusa
4809:Urva
3399:Puma
3347:Puma
3298:Lynx
2479:2021
2453:2021
2423:ISSN
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2353:2021
2327:2019
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2194:ISSN
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1933:ISSN
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1278:PMID
1270:ISSN
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1060:2022
1043:2015
1005:Paro
909:and
869:NOAA
865:IFAW
850:Oslo
801:and
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696:molt
598:and
566:and
524:Diet
372:molt
368:coat
356:harp
277:and
251:The
178:Gray
10182:CoL
10037:NBN
10011:MSW
9998:MDD
9907:CoL
9881:ADW
2709:doi
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