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which could be either a spiritual or philosophical work, which he would read as he rode. He had great knowledge of the scriptures and other subjects, but would never show off his knowledge to anyone, and would only speak when asked his opinion on something. He always spoke very briefly. He was not extreme in asceticism, whenever he sat down at table with the rich or powerful, he would eat the same things they would; he wore decent clothes that were neither too shabby nor too expensive. He drank a little wine. He was said to be a very gentle and kind person.
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364:. She was frequently at odds with her mother-in-law, Adelaide, which caused an estrangement between mother and son. In Pavia, around 980, Otto II and his mother, the dowager empress, were reconciled after years of being apart, in part through the efforts of Majolus. This episode and other convinced contemporaries of the influence that Majolus and Cluny had over the Emperor. Majolus advised the Emperor against his Italian campaign in 983, telling him that he would die if he went on it, and the Emperor died in that year.
240:; his ordination to the priesthood was in Mâcon. While in Mâcon he gave classes to a large body of clerks for free. He built a small oratory on the opposite side of the river from the town, where he would retire for prayer. In personal habits he was always kind, never telling lies, detraction or flattery, and he was severe against sinners, if it was necessary to call them to repent. He gained a reputation among the local people as a holy person and so when
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grief? Hast thou forgotten what my brother James orders for the sick?' He then woke up and realized that it was referring to the sacrament of extreme unction mentioned in the letter of James (5:14-15). He then anointed his brother-monk with the holy oil and the sick monk then started to recover from his illness. This miracle was then told at Cluny, and the monks held
Majolus in veneration.
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responsibility of the office and that this book would be his guide. The next day
Majolus addressed the monks and said, "Now in Him who is able to smooth over rough places, to raise up heavy burdens, and to overthrow the adversary, I place my hope, and submit myself to your unchanged command." Majolus became abbot about the year 954.
182:. Majolus was very active in reforming individual communities of monks and canons; first, as a personal commission, requested and authorized by the Emperor or other nobility. Later, he found it more effective to affiliate some of the foundations to the motherhouse at Cluny to lessen the likelihood of later relapse.
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supported the revival of the papacy and the reforms of Pope
Gregory VII. The Cluniac establishment found itself closely identified with the Papacy. The Popes in this time period were strongly supportive to Cluny and they placed the penalty of excommunication upon anyone who disturbed or usurped Cluny's rights.
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and Aymard (2nd and 3rd abbots of Cluny) remained independent of Cluny. Reform was the personal work of the abbot, and it was not uncommon for the abbots of Cluny to hold abbacies at two or more monasteries. The relationship, however, was with the abbot, not with Cluny, and on the death of the abbot,
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He was sent with a fellow monk from Cluny to Rome, on one occasion, and on the return journey his companion became sick. Majolus waited by the suffering monk for three days with much anxiety, and on the third night he dreamed that he saw a white-haired old man who said 'Why art thou cast down in idle
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There was a famine at the time and
Majolus prayed for help for those begging for food. One day as he prayed seven solidi (gold coins) appeared in front of him. He was afraid that this was a trick from the devil or that the money was lost, and he wouldn't touch it. But when he discovered the money was
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One time several pilgrims returning from his tomb reached the Loire river and they could not cross it because the boat was on the other side, and the boatman refused to come over for them. They called on the name of
Majolus, and the boat crossed over by itself to them, waited for them to enter, and
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attributes a number of miracles to
Majolus, some of them are reported as happening during his lifetime. Majolus was said to have cured the sick, restored sight to the blind, healed those bitten by serpent, dogs or wolves, he also miraculously rescued people from death by drowning or fire. Among the
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Around 948, Majolus became coadjutor to Abbot Aymard. Aymard became blind, and he resigned his abbacy, recommending that the monks choose to elect a new abbot and suggested they choose
Majolus as abbot, but he refused. However, Majolus dreamt that Benedict appeared to him and told him to accept the
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was Abbot at the time. Aymard appointed
Majolus "armarius" (book-keeper and master of ceremonies). He was later made librarian. He had read the poems of Virgil and he considered that monks should not read these works, but that the Bible alone was enough for them. He was very harsh in the discipline
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The water that
Majolus used to wash his hands in was said to have healing powers. Once in Vallavaense a blind mendicant caught hold of Majolus' bridle as he was leaving the town and begged Majolus to bless water in a jar he had brought. Majolus was moved by this show of faith and so he blessed the
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Once when
Majolus was returning from Aquitaine, he decided to visit a monastery along the way and sent a messenger ahead of him to say he was coming. The monks of this monastery were happy that he was coming, but the purveyor of the monastery felt bad because they had run out of fish. However, the
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Majolus was revered in his own time as a holy man. He spent much time in prayer and solitude, he rebuked sinners, he disliked public praise and high honours, but he would do much good in secret away from the eyes of the public. Whenever he went on a journey he would have an open book in his hand,
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Majolus' father, named "Fulcher", was from a wealthy provincial family of Avignon. His mother was named Raimodis. They had two sons: Majolus and Cynricus. It is not known for sure which was the older, but traditionally the younger sons of noble families were given to the church and the elder sons
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The construction of Cluny II, ca. 955–981, begun after the destructive Hungarian raids of 953, led the tendency for Burgundian churches to be stone-vaulted. The replacement abbey church of Cluny II was consecrated in 981. The relics of Peter and Paul were taken from Rome to Cluny during Majolus'
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After he died, the monks at Cluny wanted to bring him to Cluny, but the monks at Sovigny protested and insisted that he remain there. The tomb of Majolus became the focus of pilgrimages. Hugh Capet, King of France, came there in 994 after the death of Mayeul. His feast day is May 11; he is also
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in Lombardy with Adelaide's support. Majolus visited the imperial court in Pavia at the Emperor's request, and many people sought out Majolus as an intermediary to help them with their petitions. He supposedly predicted the Emperor's death, when he had a dream seeing a lion in a cage that burst
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Cluny's wealth and property grew as people donated gave gifts of land, churches, and other valuables. possessions, which periodically gave rise to disputes between Cluny and various feudal lords. Cluny was not known for the severity of its discipline or its asceticism, but the abbots of Cluny
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his coadjutor, just as Aymard had done with him many years earlier. He retired to one of the smaller Cluniac houses where he devoted time to serving the brothers there by instruction, correction and inspiration. He continued to work even into his old age, and he died on his way to reform
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He travelled widely and was recognized as a person of influence both at Rome and the Imperial court. He is buried at the Priory of Souvigny, along with Odilo, the fifth abbot of Cluny, and commemorated individually on May 11, and also on April 29 with four other early abbots of Cluny.
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A woman who brought her dead child to Majolus' tomb in Souvigny. She put the body of her child in front of the altar, where it remained the whole night. At nine o'clock in the morning the eyes of the boy opened and the boy called for his mother, who ran to him.
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302:. Much venerated by his monks, a ransom was quickly raised. The monks responded, however, once their abbot was released, by stirring up a fury in Provence against the raiders. The peasantry and the nobles together implored their overlord
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William, equally disturbed by the treatment of the abbot, raised a feudal host and took to the offensive. His army consisted not only of men from Provence, but also the lower Dauphiné and Nice. He defeated the Saracen raiders at the
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Under Majolus, a network of monasteries dependent under Cluny's leadership began to take shape and would continue to develop under Majolus' successors Odilo and Hugh. In 965, the Empress Adelaide placed
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purveyor of the monastery told the monks to go down to the river and call on the name of Majolus, and when they did, they caught an enormously large salmon.
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through its chains. Majolus interpreted that as a sign that the Emperor would die that year. Not long after this dream, the Emperor did die.
957:
Bruce, Scott G. (2010). "Local Sanctity and Civic Typology in Early Medieval Pavia: The Example of the Cult of Abbot Maiolus of Cluny," in
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Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1987). Sword, Miter, and Cloister:Nobility and Church in Burgundy, 980-1198. Cornell University Press, p. 308
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in Dijon, grown decadent, as a Cluniac house. Among places that Cluny reformed or gave support to during this period include
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were made the heirs to the father's estate, hence because Majolus became a monk, it is sometimes assumed he is the younger.
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Bruce, Scott G. (2007). "An abbot between two cultures: Maiolus of Cluny considers the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet".
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He reformed many German monasteries at the request of Emperor Otto the Great. In 972 Otto appointed Majolus abbot of
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and his wife, Adelaide of Chalon, both friends of Abbot Majolus, in 973 as a house of Cluny. In 989 Bruno of Roucy,
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at the beginning of the 10th century, but the monasteries reformed by the monks of Cluny during the tenures of
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in Provence. A number of monks and others accompanying were captured by the Saracens from the stronghold of
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Up until that time, Benedictine houses were autonomous. The Cluniac reform movement had already begun with
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Bruce, Scott G. (2017). "Clandestine Codices in the Captivity Narratives of Abbot Maiolus of Cluny," in
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412:. Majolus would appoint a prior to manage things in his absence, but not necessarily a monk of Cluny.
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rather than the position reverting to Cluny, the monks continued to elect their own successor abbot.
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Cluny and the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet: Hagiography and the Problem of Islam in Medieval Europe
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Cities, Texts and Social Networks, 400-1500: Experiences and Perceptions of Medieval Urban Space
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Majolus lived to the old age of 84. Two years before he died, he gave up the abbacy and made
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The Relatio metrica de duobus ducibus: A Twelfth-Century Cluniac Poem on Prayer for the Dead
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775:, vol.22, University of Chicago. Divinity School, University of Chicago Press, 1918, p. 406
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in 982, and the canons at Monte Celio in Pavia in 987. At some point between 966 and 990,
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real and no one claimed it, he then used it to buy food for the poor that were starving.
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There are two "lives" written about Majolus: one by Syrius, a monk of Cluny; and one by
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Order & Exclusion: Cluny and Christendom Face Heresy, Judaism, and Islam, 1000-1150
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The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century
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when they got in, it took them without being rowed to the other side of the river.
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commemorated on April 29, the Feast of the Holy Abbots of Cluny", along with Odo,
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needed a new bishop, many people, called on him to become bishop, but he refused.
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Teaching and Learning in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honour of Gernot R. Wieland
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water. The beggar then washed his eyes with the water and received his sight.
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975:, Publications of the Journal of Medieval Latin 10. Turnhout || Brepols 2016.
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stories of miracles attributed to him, the following are here related:
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687:"The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1095", Hilmar C. Krueger,
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due to the feudal wars. Both his parents died while he was young.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
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Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 24 Jun. 2019
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Conant, Kenneth John. "Cluny II and St. BĂ©nigne at Dijon",
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had a good relationship with Majolus, as did his wife
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Goyau, Georges. "Moulins." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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212:Around 916, Majolus fled his family's estates near
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971:Bruce, Scott G. and Jones, Christopher A. (2016).
689:A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years
626:"Majolus of Cluny: biography", Ville de Souvigny
705:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010, p. 13
290:In 972 Majolus visited the Imperial Court in
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591:, University of Michigan Press, 1967, p. 207
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910:The Early History of the Monastery of Cluny
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968:. Ithaca || Cornell University Press 2015.
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56:. Please do not remove this message until
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178:) (c. 906 – May 11, 994) was the fourth
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1066:900s births
520:Saint-Denis
258:Cluny Abbey
137:May 11, 994
1071:994 deaths
1045:Categories
891:Smith 1920
876:Smith 1920
864:Smith 1920
852:Smith 1920
840:Smith 1920
828:Smith 1920
735:Smith 1920
723:Smith 1920
676:Smith 1920
664:Smith 1920
649:Smith 1920
637:Smith 1920
609:Smith 1920
530:Veneration
306:, to act.
234:archdeacon
43:neutrality
951:161927593
464:Character
358:Theophanu
286:Captivity
127:Valensole
66:July 2018
54:talk page
1051:Cluniacs
1027:964-994
473:Miracles
300:Fraxinet
282:abbacy.
242:Besançon
140:Souvigny
110:Souvigny
47:disputed
901:Sources
354:Otto II
123:Avignon
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539:, and
165:May 11
120:c. 906
1033:Odilo
947:S2CID
547:Notes
515:Odilo
501:Death
394:Parma
327:Pavia
292:Pavia
238:Mâcon
218:Mâcon
214:Rietz
198:Odilo
191:Vitae
161:Feast
92:Saint
754:ISBN
708:ISBN
594:ISBN
336:The
252:Monk
230:Lyon
204:Life
134:Died
117:Born
40:The
939:doi
813:doi
392:in
378:Odo
236:of
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