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of stone, situated on the shore, and that on learning of Saint Martin's death, Ninian dedicated the church to him; that a certain rich and powerful "King
Tuduvallus" was converted by him; that he died after having converted the Picts and returned home, being buried in a stone sarcophagus near the altar of his church; and that he had once travelled with his brother, named "Plebia".
498:
1755:
393:. These are the sources of information about Ninian of Whithorn, and all provide seemingly innocuous personal details about his life. However, there is no unchallenged historical evidence to support any of their stories, and all sources had political and religious agendas that were served by their accounts of Saint Ninian (discussed below).
238:. Linguistic variations across the territories associated with each saint have provided evidence that the Ninian preserved in literary tradition originated from this individual. This article discusses the particulars and origins of what has come to be known as the "traditional" stories of Saint Ninian.
572:
in
Ireland, and eventually died in Ireland; that his mother was a Spanish princess; that his father wished to regain him after having assented to his training for an ecclesiastical state; that a bell comes from heaven to call together his disciples; that a wooden church was raised by him, with beams
526:
includes the following incidental information regarding Saint Ninian: that his father was a
Christian king; that he was consecrated a bishop in Rome and that he met Saint Martin in Tours; that Saint Martin sent masons with him on his homeward journey, at his request; that these masons built a church
323:
There is as yet no unchallenged connection of the historical record to the person who was Bede's Ninian. However, the unlikelihood that the reputable historian Bede invented Ninian without some basis in the historical record, combined with an increased knowledge of
Ireland's early saints and
658:
Dedications to Saint Ninian are expressions of respect for the good works that are attributed to him, and the authenticity of the stories about him are not relevant to that point. Almost all of the dedications have their origins in the medieval era, after Aelred wrote his account.
592:
Ussher's contribution is often disparaged, as he both invented fictitious histories and misquoted legitimate manuscripts to suit his own purposes. Still, he had access to legitimate manuscripts, and he has contributed to some versions of the traditional stories.
422:, and that he is buried at Whithorn. Variations of the story add that he had actually met St Martin, that his father was a Christian king, and that he was buried in a stone sarcophagus near the altar of his church. Further variations assert that he left for
546:), all of whom would have been pleased to have a manuscript with such a glowing description of a Galwegian and Scottish saint. His work is what Thomas Heffernan refers to as a "sacred biography", probably intended for a politically ambitious audience.
577:
with no experience at architecture was the builder of the church. He adds that a smith and his son, named respectively "Terna" and "Wyn", witnessed a miracle by Ninian and that the saint was granted lands to be called "Wytterna".
1295:, which contained a request for the intercession of Saint Ninian; however, Ussher edited the manuscript to change parts of it, and among his changes was the omission of Alcuin's request, but leaving other parts of it intact.
881:
2826:
791:
971:
818:
720:
was traditionally known as St Ninian's Point, where the missionary reputedly landed after a voyage from
Scotland. These connections reflect a strong Ulster-Scots heritage in both areas of Ulster.
1264::44 "The Irish Life was written long after Ninian's death, by an author of little discretion, who wished to adjust the conduct of the Saint to the usages of his own time." in the
601:
Others who wrote of Saint Ninian used the accounts of Bede, Aelred, or Ussher, or used derivatives of them in combination with information from various manuscripts. This includes
297:. The full nature of the relationship is uncertain. Also at this time, Northumbria was establishing bishoprics in its sphere of influence, to be subordinate to the Northumbrian
293:'s account in 731, the Northumbrians had enjoyed an unbroken relationship with Galloway for a century or longer, beginning with the Northumbrian predecessor state of
274:
in the 6th century because they were not yet
Christian, and thus could not be called 'apostate'. Northumbria had established a bishopric among the Southern Picts at
972:
https://api.researchrepository.uwa.edu.au/portalfiles/portal/14262963/O_Neill._Six_Degrees_of_Whiteness_Finbarr_Finnian_Finnian_Ninian_Candida_Casa_and_Hwiterne.pdf
2943:
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691:
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2193:
2821:
2284:
1787:
1459:
970:
O'Neill, Pamela. (2007). "Six degrees of whiteness: "Finbarr, Finnian, Finnian, Ninian, Candida Casa and
Hwiterne." JAMEA (2007) vol. 3. pp. 259-268.
2669:
2164:
865:
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Ninian's identity is uncertain, and historians have identified the name "Ninian" with other historical figures. A popular hypothesis proposed by
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2045:
769:
346:
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2018:
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for 'White House'). Nothing is known about his teachings, and there is no unchallenged authority for information about his life.
538:
sometime after spending ten years at the
Scottish court and thus had close connections both to the Scottish royal family and to
226:, a researcher and professor of Celtic studies, posits that Ninian can be identified with three other historical figures: Saint
2948:
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2223:
2013:
1896:
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2304:
2040:
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is a Roman
Catholic church constructed in 1932 that is dedicated to Ninian. St Martin and St Ninian is a Catholic church in
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1866:
1780:
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1826:
758:
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1998:
1841:
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Aelred said that in addition to finding information about Ninian in Bede, he took much additional information for his
426:, and died there in 432. Dates for his birth are derived from the traditional mention of St Martin, who died in 397.
830:
2764:
2558:
2266:
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2110:
2055:
1936:
1693:
534:
from a source written in a "barbarous language"; there is no further information about this text. Aelred wrote his
305:
in 731, and Bede's account serves to support the legitimacy of the new
Northumbrian bishopric. The Bernician name
246:
The Southern Picts, for whom Ninian is held to be the apostle, were the Picts south of the mountains known as the
2843:
2838:
2520:
2188:
2003:
1071:, Religion, Politics and Society in Britain (ed. Keith Robbins), Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, p. 113,
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1973:
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367:
180:, and there are numerous dedications to him in those parts of Scotland with a Pictish heritage, throughout the
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1931:
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1911:
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742:, save for Kilninian and the Holy Spring of St Ninian of the Orthodox Mull Monastery on the Isle of Mull.
283:
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2726:
2698:
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2154:
2105:
1958:
1946:
1246::11 "The Irish life referred to by Archbishop Ussher does not appear entitled to much consideration" in
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1988:
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325:
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Whithorn's early Christian connections, has led to serious scholarly efforts to find Bede's basis.
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There are also dedications elsewhere in the world where there is a Scottish heritage, such as
585:
attributes the "traditional" date of Ninian's death (16 September 432) ultimately to Ussher's
181:
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320:, or 'white house' in modern English, and it has survived as the modern name of Whithorn.
270:
Picts'. Patrick could not have been referring to the Northern Picts who were converted by
235:
146:
129:
1006:
2721:
1563:
Descriptive Catalogue of Materials Relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland
709:
695:
671:
667:
255:
251:
69:
650:
282:. This effort was abandoned shortly after the Picts defeated the Northumbrians at the
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258:. That they had once been Christian is known from a 5th-century mention of them by
212:
161:
1739:
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date from the time of medieval Scottish dominance, and are not natively inspired.
474:; that he made his church of stone, which was unusual among the Britons; that his
63:
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642:) is discounted as a non-historical account, and copies are not widely extant.
1906:
896:
728:
165:
1069:
The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain, 600–800
953:
2243:
765:
332:(The Book of Hymns of the Ancient Church of Ireland), suggested that it was
17:
289:
Christianity had flourished in Galloway in the 6th century. By the time of
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1053:, Dublin: The Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, pp. 98–108
2650:
1575:
Insula Sanctorum Et Doctorum (Ireland's Ancient Schools and Scholars)
1292:
675:
247:
123:
1765:
1289:, vol. I, London: C. Kegan Paul & Co, p. 55 (footnote)
344:
The earliest mention of Ninian of Whithorn is in a short passage of
1578:(5th ed.), Dublin: Sealy, Bryers & Walker (published 1908)
1552:
The Historians of Scotland: The Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern
1541:, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, pp. 23–32
1385:
The Historians of Scotland: The Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern
1140:
The Historians of Scotland: The Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern
1051:
Leabhar Imuinn (The Book of Hymns of the Ancient Church of Ireland)
1638:(8), Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons (published 1905): 378–388,
1630:
Scott, Archibald Black (July 1905), "Nynia in Northern Pictland",
1184:
Sacred Biography: Saints and their Biographers in the Middle Ages,
856:
663:
553:
496:
483:
462:
says that Ninian (whose name he only renders in the ablative case
440:
415:
314:
216:
169:
50:
1515:
1029:
574:
471:
459:
446:
401:
355:
290:
1769:
1600:
Influence of the Pre-Reformation Church on Scottish Place-Names
1568:— many references to, and comments upon, sources of information
764:
In Scotland the date 16 September is celebrated as St Ninian's
68:
Saint Ninian as intercessor ("Ora pro nobis, Sancte Niniane").
662:
The dedications are found throughout the lands of the ancient
494:; and that he was buried there, along with many other saints.
1307:"Letter of Alcuin to the Monks of Candid Casa, A.D. 782–804"
164:
saint, first mentioned in the 8th century as being an early
1566:, vol. I, London: Longman, green, Longman, and Roberts
336:, and that view has gained traction among modern scholars.
1622:
Lives of the English Saints: St. Aelred, Abbot of Rievaulx
1528:, vol. II, London: Whittaker and Co. (published 1863)
654:
Dedications to St Ninian (England, Scotland, Isle of Man).
666:
of Scotland, throughout Scotland south of the Firths of
1670:
The Whole Works of the Most Reverend James Ussher, D.D.
1659:, vol. II (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: David Douglas
800:, Glasserton, Wigtownshire by Sir Herbert Maxwell. 1885
1704:"Ninian [St Ninian] (supp. fl. 5th–6th cent.)"
1619:
Newman, John Henry; Hutton, Arthur Wollaston (1845),
517:
Leaving aside the stories regarding miracles, in the
1313:, Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, pp. 226–27
1213::199–209, 228, 251 – claims regarding Ninian in his
2787:
2735:
2697:
2688:
2485:
2472:
2351:
2242:
2091:
2082:
2073:
1945:
1817:
1697:. Vol. XVII (9th ed.). 1884. p. 513.
887:
St Martin and St Ninian Catholic Church in Whithorn
145:
135:
120:
94:
86:
81:
48:
1667:(1639), "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates",
371:records some of the miracles attributed to him. A
734:There is a noticeable lack of dedications in the
632:The anonymously written 8th-century hagiographic
482:; that he preached to and converted the southern
1291:– Ussher printed a manuscript of the letters of
347:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1611:The Surnames and Place-names of the Isle of Man
1555:, vol. V, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas
1124:When the nation of the Picts received the faith
994:, Dublin: Hodges, Smith, & Co., p. 384
589:, noting that the date is "without authority".
561:, Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland.
1287:History of the Holy Eucharist in Great Britain
404:, that he established an episcopal see at the
250:, which cross Scotland north of the Firths of
1781:
1013:– Excavations at the predecessor building of
8:
1489:. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019.
1243:
501:Saint Ailred (or Aelred), from an 1845 book.
74:Book of Hours of the Virgin and Saint Ninian
1656:Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban
629:), and many others, up to the present day.
2694:
2482:
2478:
2357:
2088:
2079:
1951:
1788:
1774:
1766:
1311:Early Scottish Charters Prior to A.D. 1153
747:St Ninian and Triduana's Church, Edinburgh
692:St Ninian and Triduana's Church, Edinburgh
62:
45:
1525:The Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede
1412:
1338:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1252:, for example; and elsewhere in the book.
27:5th-century bishop, missionary, and saint
649:
568:wrote that Ninian left Candida Casa for
301:. One such bishopric was established at
1708:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1603:, Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons
944:
787:
410:in Whithorn, that he named the see for
1376:
1210:
1195:
1167:
1150:
1135:
1011:, Edinburgh: David Douglas, p. 21
727:. St Ninian's Cathedral is located in
716:; and a spot formerly on the shore of
391:Brittanicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates
2944:Bishops of Galloway (pre-Reformation)
1395:
1359:
1336:Koch, John T. (2005), "Ninian, St.",
1323:
1261:
1226:
1200:Introduction to the Life of S. Ninian
1008:Studies in the Topography of Galloway
176:. For this reason he is known as the
7:
2116:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
1589:An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland
1093:"Not a saint but a spelling mistake"
960:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
824:Votives at St Ninian's Cave entrance
682:, and in parts of northern England.
1381:List of dedications to Saint Ninian
1305:Lawrie, Archibald Campbell (1905),
1118:
708:There are dedications to Ninian in
490:, which was in the province of the
2979:Christian missionaries in Scotland
1032:found on them are later additions.
755:Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway
396:Tradition holds that Ninian was a
211:, where he is associated with the
25:
2542:Scottish Qualifications Authority
2279:Office of the Accountant of Court
2204:Member of the Scottish Parliament
1415:mentions are throughout the book.
1091:Christopher Howse (6 June 2014).
1047:"Note B: St. Finnian of Maghbile"
1005:Maxwell, Herbert Eustace (1887),
859:seal, depicting St Ninian (1906).
414:, that he converted the southern
328:, in his 1855 publication of the
1753:
1597:Mackinlay, James Murray (1904),
1281:Bridgett, Thomas Edward (1881),
899:
880:
875:seal, depicting St Ninian (1906)
864:
848:
829:
817:
805:
790:
753:, constructed in 1959–60 in the
1156:The Life of S. Ninian by Ailred
1121::271, 273 Book III Chapter IV,
992:St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland
605:(1393–1464), John of Tinmouth (
573:delivered by stags; and that a
1632:The Scottish Historical Review
1608:Moore, Arthur William (1890),
1283:"Catholicity of North-Britons"
1186:Oxford University Press, 1992.
686:is the Episcopal cathedral in
266:, where he refers to them as '
192:heritage. He is also known as
1:
1560:Hardy, Thomas Duffus (1862),
1539:The Celtic Church in Scotland
623:
611:
507:
431:
381:) was written around 1160 by
359:
203:Ninian's major shrine was at
178:Apostle to the Southern Picts
82:Apostle to the Southern Picts
2974:5th-century Scottish bishops
2969:5th-century Christian saints
1892:Colonisation of the Americas
1740:UK public library membership
1486:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
812:Entrance to St Ninian's Cave
768:. Ninian is honoured in the
759:Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel
698:church dedicated to Ninian.
151:Episcopal, Bell of St Ninian
1710:. Oxford University Press.
486:; that his base was called
470:who had been instructed in
184:, and in parts of Northern
3000:
2564:Inventions and discoveries
2267:Supreme Courts of Scotland
1449:accessdate=18 October 2017
1365:Nynia in Northern Pictland
1340:, ABC-CLIO, p. 1358,
988:"The Epistle on Coroticus"
36:
29:
2954:Northern Brythonic saints
2892:
2839:Scottish Episcopal Church
2521:Curriculum for Excellence
2481:
2360:
1954:
1804:
1547:Forbes, Alexander Penrose
958:The Catholic Encyclopedia
640:Miracles of Bishop Ninian
542:(who would resurrect the
61:
2275:High Court of Justiciary
1535:"The Life of St. Ninian"
1244:Newman & Hutton 1845
1232:The Churches in the West
934:("Life of Saint Ninian")
646:Dedications to St Ninian
389:discusses Ninian in his
368:Miracula Nyniae Episcopi
37:Not to be confused with
2849:Free Church of Scotland
2136:International relations
1694:Encyclopædia Britannica
1249:St. Ninian's early days
635:Miracula Nynie Episcopi
365:. The 8th-century poem
172:peoples of what is now
32:Ninian (disambiguation)
2949:People from Cumberland
2430:Royal Bank of Scotland
2126:Great Seal of Scotland
1716:10.1093/ref:odnb/20198
1702:Braun, Dauvit (2004).
1673:, vol. VI, Dublin
1625:, London: James Toovey
1614:, London: Elliot Stock
1172:The Life of St. Ninian
952:Huddleston, G (1911).
655:
562:
502:
456:
284:Battle of Dun Nechtain
2964:Romano-British saints
2727:British Sign Language
2194:Members of Parliament
2121:Deputy First Minister
1959:Anglo-Scottish border
1927:Industrial Revolution
1651:Skene, William Forbes
1592:, vol. I, Dublin
1533:Dowden, John (1894),
1464:The Church of England
684:St Ninian's Cathedral
653:
557:
544:Bishopric of Galloway
500:
480:Saint Martin of Tours
444:
412:Saint Martin of Tours
200:in Northern England.
2670:World Heritage Sites
1867:Wars of Independence
1762:at Wikimedia Commons
1572:Healy, John (1890),
1043:Todd, James Henthorn
984:Todd, James Henthorn
757:. The architect was
374:Life of Saint Ninian
196:in Scotland, and as
30:For other uses, see
2460:International trade
2014:Mountains and hills
1922:Highland Clearances
1897:Glorious Revolution
1862:Davidian Revolution
1809:Outline of Scotland
1401:Distinctive Affixes
1326:throughout the book
1019:Saint Ninian's Cave
931:Vita Sancti Niniani
745:In the modern era,
701:Dedications on the
520:Vita Sancti Niniani
400:who had studied in
379:Vita Sancti Niniani
326:James Henthorn Todd
264:Letter to Coroticus
2817:Church of Scotland
2609:Royal National Mòd
2547:Education Scotland
2320:Scots property law
2315:College of Justice
2224:Secretary of State
2046:Biosphere reserves
1917:Lowland Clearances
1902:1707 Acts of Union
1182:Thomas Heffernan,
1025:from this period.
736:Scottish Highlands
656:
563:
540:Fergus of Galloway
503:
457:
447:The Venerable Bede
383:Ailred of Rievaulx
334:Finnian of Moville
299:Archbishop of York
232:Finnian of Clonard
228:Finnian of Moville
224:Thomas Owen Clancy
112:Anglican Communion
2921:
2920:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2876:Ethnic minorities
2834:Roman Catholicism
2783:
2782:
2468:
2467:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2330:Prison population
2310:Sheriff principal
2305:Solicitor General
2300:Procurator fiscal
2209:Political parties
2069:
2068:
1847:Early Middle Ages
1758:Media related to
1738:(subscription or
1725:978-0-19-861412-8
1688:"St Ninian"
1496:978-1-64065-235-4
1347:978-1-85109-440-0
1279:for example, see
1078:978-0-582-77292-2
1021:, had discovered
842:Bell of St Ninian
770:Church of England
536:Life of S. Ninian
532:Life of S. Ninian
488:Ad Candidam Casam
340:Traditional story
182:Scottish Lowlands
155:
154:
107:Eastern Orthodoxy
95:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
2991:
2901:
2822:General Assembly
2712:Scottish English
2707:Highland English
2695:
2584:Oldest buildings
2483:
2479:
2425:Renewable energy
2370:Bank of Scotland
2358:
2271:Court of Session
2252:Advocate General
2182:Military history
2160:Local government
2089:
2080:
1952:
1872:Late Middle Ages
1857:High Middle Ages
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1757:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1698:
1690:
1674:
1660:
1646:
1626:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1579:
1567:
1556:
1542:
1529:
1501:
1500:
1481:
1475:
1474:
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1398::214–15, 306 In
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925:St Ninian's Well
920:St Ninian's Isle
915:Isle of Whithorn
909:
904:
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884:
868:
852:
833:
821:
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798:St Ninian's Cave
794:
774:Episcopal Church
628:
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478:was named after
436:
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126:
66:
46:
21:
2999:
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2779:
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2717:Scottish Gaelic
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2589:Performing arts
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2219:Scotland Office
2065:
2026:Protected areas
1941:
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1680:Further reading
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1098:Daily Telegraph
1090:
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1015:Whithorn Priory
1004:
1003:
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982:
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795:
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731:, Nova Scotia.
648:
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449:translates John
439:
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280:Bishop Trumwine
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236:Finbarr of Cork
130:Whithorn Priory
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2295:Lord President
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2111:First Minister
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2056:Municipalities
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1413:Mackinlay 1904
1405:
1388:
1369:
1352:
1346:
1328:
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1297:
1272:
1270:, for example.
1254:
1236:
1219:
1215:Life of Ninian
1203:
1188:
1175:
1160:
1143:
1138::frontispiece
1128:
1111:
1083:
1077:
1065:Yorke, Barbara
1056:
1045:, ed. (1855),
1034:
1023:Celtic crosses
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587:Life of Ninian
551:
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385:, and in 1639
341:
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330:Leabhar Imuinn
278:in 681, under
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76:, 15th century
70:Donor portrait
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2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Republicanism
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
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2015:
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1910:
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1665:Ussher, James
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1584:Lanigan, John
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907:Saints portal
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761:(1887–1959).
760:
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718:Belfast Lough
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669:
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603:John Capgrave
597:Other sources
596:
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584:
581:In addition,
579:
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550:Ussher (1639)
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476:episcopal see
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453:J. D. Penrose
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19:
2807:Christianity
2797:Baháʼí Faith
2690:Demographics
2634:coat of arms
2604:Prostitution
2537:Universities
2519:
2495:Architecture
2455:Unemployment
2450:Silicon Glen
2410:Oil industry
2395:Harris Tweed
2285:Crown Office
2177:Armed forces
2155:Independence
2143:Human rights
1974:Conservation
1964:Central Belt
1882:Early modern
1760:Saint Ninian
1729:. Retrieved
1707:
1692:
1669:
1655:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1610:
1599:
1588:
1574:
1562:
1551:
1538:
1524:
1520:Giles, J. A.
1508:Bibliography
1485:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
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1037:
1007:
1000:
991:
978:
966:
957:
954:"St. Ninian"
947:
929:
841:
837:
778:16 September
763:
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710:East Donegal
707:
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661:
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570:Cluayn-coner
569:
566:James Ussher
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559:James Ussher
535:
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420:Christianity
407:Candida Casa
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352:Northumbrian
345:
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234:, and Saint
221:
213:Candida Casa
202:
197:
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190:Northumbrian
177:
157:
156:
141:16 September
73:
43:
18:Saint Ninian
2365:Agriculture
2229:Nationalism
2148:LGBT rights
2051:Environment
1932:Romanticism
1887:Reformation
1877:Renaissance
1842:Middle Ages
1837:Roman times
1832:Prehistoric
1435:29 December
1426:"Kilninian"
1379::xiii–xvii
1377:Forbes 1874
1211:Ussher 1639
1196:Forbes 1874
1168:Dowden 1894
1151:Forbes 1874
1136:Forbes 1874
1027:Old English
772:and in the
725:Nova Scotia
703:Isle of Man
627: 1657
620:John Colgan
615: 1366
511: 1160
311:Old English
102:Catholicism
2939:432 deaths
2934:360 births
2928:Categories
2827:Moderators
2770:Scientists
2656:regimental
2599:Placenames
2594:Philosophy
2569:Literature
2199:Parliament
2131:Government
2101:Devolution
2084:Government
2041:Ecoregions
2031:Waterfalls
1907:Jacobitism
1396:Moore 1890
1360:Scott 1905
1324:Hardy 1862
1262:Hardy 1862
1227:Skene 1887
1217:, in Latin
1170::23–32 In
939:References
838:Clog-rinny
729:Antigonish
492:Bernicians
455:, c. 1902.
435: 731
363: 731
242:Background
168:among the
166:missionary
147:Attributes
2812:Christmas
2765:Musicians
2760:Inventors
2699:Languages
2675:Festivals
2515:Education
2440:Transport
2380:Companies
2375:Charities
2106:Elections
1994:Highlands
1947:Geography
1742:required)
1362::378–388
1017:, and at
871:Burgh of
855:Burgh of
766:Feast Day
162:Christian
2908:Category
2856:Hinduism
2802:Buddhism
2789:Religion
2619:Surnames
2559:Identity
2554:Hogmanay
2532:Colleges
2390:Forestry
2325:Udal law
2234:Unionism
2189:Monarchs
2093:Politics
2075:Politics
2009:Lowlands
1827:Timeline
1797:Scotland
1731:31 March
1653:(1887),
1644:25517649
1586:(1822),
1549:(1874),
1469:27 March
1267:footnote
1229::3–4 In
1119:Bede 731
1067:(2007),
986:(1864),
893:See also
873:Whithorn
751:Whithorn
680:Shetland
506:Aelred (
466:) was a
313:for the
307:hwit ærn
303:Whithorn
295:Bernicia
286:in 685.
276:Abercorn
268:apostate
230:, Saint
209:Galloway
205:Whithorn
198:Trynnian
174:Scotland
2899:Outline
2871:Sikhism
2866:Judaism
2775:Writers
2755:Artists
2663:unicorn
2624:Symbols
2574:Museums
2527:Schools
2510:Cuisine
2487:Culture
2474:Society
2435:Tourism
2400:Housing
2385:Fishing
2353:Economy
2165:History
2019:Highest
1999:Islands
1989:Geology
1969:Climate
1852:Kingdom
1819:History
1522:(ed.),
1518:(731),
784:Gallery
714:Belfast
610:
424:Ireland
350:by the
262:in his
188:with a
186:England
170:Pictish
72:in the
39:Nennius
2913:Portal
2750:Actors
2737:People
2680:Comedy
2651:tartan
2629:anthem
2445:Whisky
2257:Courts
2170:Cities
1937:Modern
1722:
1642:
1493:
1344:
1293:Alcuin
1198::iv–v
1153::1–26
1104:9 June
1075:
676:Orkney
622:(died
575:harper
524:Aelred
468:Briton
430:Bede (
398:Briton
248:Mounth
194:Ringan
158:Ninian
124:shrine
122:Major
90:AD 432
56:Ninian
2861:Islam
2722:Scots
2639:flags
2614:Sport
2579:Music
2505:Clans
2405:Media
2061:Munro
2036:Glens
2004:Lochs
1984:Flora
1979:Fauna
1640:JSTOR
1030:runes
857:Nairn
840:, or
740:Isles
694:is a
688:Perth
674:, in
672:Forth
668:Clyde
664:Picts
583:Skene
484:Picts
464:Nynia
451:, by
416:Picts
354:monk
315:Latin
256:Forth
252:Clyde
217:Latin
160:is a
137:Feast
51:Saint
2741:list
2261:List
1733:2021
1720:ISBN
1516:Bede
1491:ISBN
1471:2021
1437:2021
1342:ISBN
1106:2014
1073:ISBN
836:The
738:and
712:and
678:and
670:and
472:Rome
460:Bede
402:Rome
356:Bede
291:Bede
254:and
87:Died
2500:Art
2244:Law
1712:doi
776:on
618:),
607:fl.
418:to
358:in
309:is
207:in
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