333:). During his tenure in Lyon, Amalarius worked to impose liturgical reforms upon the archdiocese of Lyon. Amalarius' reforms were characterized by a heavy reliance upon allegorical and symbolic representations within the Mass. Agobard, on the other hand, disdained Amalarius' reforms as "theatrical" and "showy" and favored a more plain liturgy. Amalarius' reforms were also opposed by Agobard's disciple
723:
251:" ("children of the devil") was indicative of the developing anti-Jewish strain of medieval Christian thought. As Jeremy Cohen has claimed, Agobard's response was paradoxically both stereotypical and knowledgeable (he showed a great knowledge of contemporary Judaism, while maintaining and perpetuating stereotypes).
279:
In the 820s, Agobard had already shown his willingness to challenge Louis the Pious on the subject of Jews and on secular holdings of church land. Agobard continued to confront the emperor, particularly on the issues of royal succession and the matter of land ownership. Agobard accused the emperor of
191:
son of
Charlemagne, including a prohibition on Christian proselytizing. Louis appointed a magister Iudaeorum to ensure Jewish legal protection, and did not force Jews to allow baptism for their slaves. Agobard found this last provision particularly galling, and wrote his first anti-Jewish tract on
158:
did not object to the appointment, some of the other bishops did, calling a synod at Arles to protest the elevation of a new bishop while the old bishop still lived. Archbishop
Leidrad died in 816, and the controversy fizzled out, leaving Agobard as the new archbishop. Soon after taking office, he
203:). For the rest of the decade, Agobard campaigned against what he saw as the dangerous growth in power and influence of Jews in the kingdom that was contrary to canon law. It was during this time that he wrote such works as
280:
abandoning his 817 Ordinatio imperii decree, which promoted an all-encompassing unity of church and empire. In both of the two rebellions against Louis, 830 and 833, Agobard supported the ill-fated revolt of Louis' son
364:("On Hail and Thunder"). A passage in it mentions the popular belief in ships in the clouds whose sailors were thought to take crops damaged by hail or storms to their land of
154:, or assistant bishop. Controversy arose in 814, when the aging Leidrad retired into a monastery, appointing Agobard as his successor. While Carolingian emperor
896:
891:
743:
357:
During his life, Agobard wrote more works on other issues, including several against pagan practices, two on the role of clergy, and a treatise on icons.
871:
876:
179:
Agobard is notorious for his vocal attacks on the local Jewish population and their religious practices. Jewish communities living in the
738:
886:
286:
A Comparison of
Ecclesiastical and Political Government and Wherein the Dignity of the Church Outshines the Majesty of Empires
413:
284:. In 833, when Lothair launched his second revolt, Agobard published his support for Lothair once more in several works:
881:
834:
100:
349:. When he returned to Lyon, Agobard worked to roll back Amalarius' actions, with the support of Florus.
309:
271:, came out in opposition to Dungal's method of using secular knowledge to justify veneration of images.
861:
305:
104:
866:
365:
337:; Amalarius was deposed and accused of heresy in 838. Agobard wrote three works against Amalarius:
168:
108:
384:
376:
184:
124:
96:
70:
829:
815:
Wemple, S. "Claudius of Turin's
Organic Metaphor or the Carolingian Doctrine of Incorporation."
554:
S. Wemple, "Claudius of Turin's
Organic Metaphor or the Carolingian Doctrine of Incorporation,"
388:
316:
260:
728:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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A native of Spain, Agobard moved to Lyon in 792. He was ordained as a priest
17:
281:
259:
In the 820s, a controversy emerged over the iconoclastic policies of bishop
747:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 380.
180:
147:
120:
116:
103:. The author of multiple treatises, ranging in subject matter from the
380:
810:
Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution
543:
Living
Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity
789:
Living Letter of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in
Medieval Christianity
360:
Agobard also wrote a treatise arguing against weather magic called
128:
92:
55:
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in 1666. Agobard's complete works can be found in Volume 104 of
459:
Against the Dogma of Felix: Adversus dogma
Felicis Urgellensis
375:, when a manuscript was discovered in Lyons and published by
545:, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 144–5.
300:
After Louis was restored to his power, backed by his sons
247:). Agobard's rhetoric, which included describing Jews as "
115:
royal family, Agobard is best known for his critiques of
562:(Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), 40.
483:, (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1953), 46–7.
150:(r. 799–816). At some point, Agobard was ordained as a
761:, L. Van Acker, ed. CCCM 52 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1981).
777:. Ed. L. Van Acker. CCCM 52. Turnhout: Brepols, 1981.
805:. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009.
308:, Agobard was suspended from his episcopate by the
267:at the request of Louis the Pious. Agobard, in his
187:realm had been granted considerable freedoms under
159:confronted several issues, which included opposing
69:
61:
44:
39:
32:
575:, (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2008),68-9.
791:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
392:, and, in a more recent edition, in Van Acker's
146:, and was well-liked by the archbishop of Lyon,
119:religious practices and political power in the
8:
835:Complete works of Agobard, J.P. Migne, ed.
798:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2008.
292:in defense of the rebelling sons of Louis.
560:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology,
29:
803:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology
664:Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology
238:De Cavendo Convictu et Societate Judaica
27:9th-century Spanish archbishop and saint
796:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
625:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
573:History of Theology II: The Middle Ages
404:
782:Agobard of Lyons: Churchman and Critic
481:Agobard of Lyons: Churchman and Critic
558:49 (1974): 222–37; James R. Ginther,
7:
343:On the Correction of the Antiphonary
897:Writers from the Carolingian Empire
892:Saints from the Carolingian Empire
194:De Baptismo Judaicorum Mancipiorum
25:
872:Bishops in the Carolingian Empire
775:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
759:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
721:
697:De privilegio et jure sacerdotii
394:Agobardi Lugdunensis Opera Omnia
693:De modo regiminis ecclesiastici
681:De quorumdam inclusion signorum
163:, and, in 818, writing against
812:(Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005) p. 6.
1:
327:
320:
263:. This stance was opposed by
241:
230:
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208:
197:
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85:
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877:9th-century writers in Latin
371:Many of his works were lost
312:and exiled, replaced by the
269:Book on Paintings and Images
227:De Judaicis Superstitionibus
830:Jewish Encyclopedia article
127:realm. He was succeeded by
65:840 (aged 70–71)
913:
839:, with analytical indexes
599:Living Letters of the Law
887:Critics of witch hunting
677:De grandine et tonitruis
443:Adversus legem Gundobadi
362:De Grandine et Tonitruis
205:Contra Praeceptum Impium
794:D'Onofrio, Giulio, ed.
744:Encyclopædia Britannica
679:(PL 104:147A-158C) and
651:Early Medieval Theology
638:Early Medieval Theology
530:Early Medieval Theology
445:(PL:104:113B-126B) and
101:Carolingian Renaissance
808:Levy, Richard S., ed.
571:Giulio D'Onofrio, ed.
216:De Insolentia Judeorum
105:iconoclast controversy
449:(PL 104: 249C- 287C).
310:Council of Thionville
711:(PL 104: 199B-228A).
699:(PL 104: 127A-148A).
695:(PL 104:189A-200A);
306:Pepin I of Aquitaine
111:to critiques of the
882:Archbishops of Lyon
683:(PL 104:179A-186A).
447:Contra judicium Dei
418:Patron Saints Index
175:Anti-Jewish polemic
169:Spanish Adoptionist
109:Spanish Adoptionism
819:49 (1974): 222–37.
801:Ginther, James R.
424:on 9 February 2007
339:On Divine Psalmody
326: –
290:Liber Apologeticus
275:Political problems
97:archbishop of Lyon
837:Patrologia Latina
784:. Syracuse, 1954.
780:Cabaniss, Allen.
773:Agobard of Lyon,
757:Agobard of Lyon,
389:Patrologia Latina
317:Amalarius of Metz
261:Claudius of Turin
95:-born priest and
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347:Liber officialis
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296:Exile and return
265:Dungal of Bobbio
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81:
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862:770s births
649:McCracken,
636:McCracken,
623:D'Onofrio,
528:McCracken,
353:Other works
185:Carolingian
125:Carolingian
113:Carolingian
867:840 deaths
856:Categories
610:Cabaniss,
584:Cabaniss,
428:2007-03-18
400:References
373:until 1605
331: 850
324: 775
314:chorbishop
245: 827
234: 827
223: 827
212: 826
201: 823
152:chorbishop
144: 804
135:Early life
89: 769
52: 769
40:Archbishop
662:Ginther,
414:"Agobard"
282:Lothair I
817:Speculum
601:, 138-9.
556:Speculum
288:and the
181:Frankish
121:Frankish
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597:Cohen,
366:Magonia
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148:Leidrad
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381:Baluze
345:, and
117:Jewish
75:6 June
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588:, 85.
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71:Feast
56:Spain
666:, 9.
304:and
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