82:, and his queen Botilda, his birth being foretold by a child, who died when three days old. He is baptized by Bishop Heswi, performs many miracles, and converts his parents. Offa resigns his kingdom to his son, who, after governing a year and a half, forsakes the throne to serve God in a desert place, accompanied by Burchard (who afterwards wrote his life) and another attendant. He then embarks in a vessel, sailing from
214:, mention Fremund at all, though all deal with aspects of the reign of Offa. Further, though Offa's children and relations sign charters, the name of Fremund does not occur anywhere. Besides this, there is a prose version of the fourteenth century, which may well include much of the original twelfth-century version, though probably simplified. It occurs in the collection
107:
and, while he is prostrate in thanksgiving for the victory, Oswi, formerly one of Offa's commanders, but who had apostatized and joined the pagans, cuts off his head. Blood spurts over Oswi, who implores absolution and forgiveness, which the head pronounces. Fremund rises and carries his head some
102:
to death. Offa sends twenty nobles to seek his son throughout
England, and, finding him, they implore his aid, and he assents in consequence of a vision in which it is revealed that each of his companions shall appear a thousand to his enemies. He attacks and defeats 40,000 of the enemy with the
174:
St. Fremund's feast day in May continued to be celebrated as a fair in
Dunstable until early in the 20th century. A parish church of St. Fremund the Martyr was built in 1967-68 to serve a new housing estate in Dunstable
131:. Egferth died the same year as Offa and so none of the legend fits the history on these points. King Edmund was martyred in November 870, 74 years after Offa's death. And therefore the connection with the
384:
Crossley, Alan; Christina Colvin, Janet Cooper, N. H. Cooper, P. D. A. Harvey, Marjory
Hollings, Judith Hook, Mary Jessup, Mary D. Lobel, J. F. A. Mason, B. S. Trinder, Hilary Turner (1972).
200:. Writing around 1220, his account is a version, in Latin verse, of a legend which probably belonged to the twelfth century. However, none of the earlier chroniclers, such as the
255:
Descriptive
Catalogue of Materials Relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland: From 1066 A. D. to 1200 A. D, Sir T. D Hardy, Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1865
167:, but his shrine at Cropredy continued to be venerated until early in the 16th century. His shrines at both Cropredy and Dunstable were destroyed in the 1530s during the
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491:
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558:
476:
180:
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not
Botilda and the name is not mentioned in any charter or by any chronicler. Bishop Heswi, or Oswy as the name is written in
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68:
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where his tomb became a place of pilgrimage for those seeking healing. In about AD 931 his remains were taken to
128:
135:
seems more probable than that with Offa, and so
Fremund, if he existed, should be dated to the mid 9th century.
331:
346:'Parishes: Cropredy', A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 10: Banbury hundred (1972), pp. 157-175. URL:
436:
James Ivan Miller (1967). "John
Lydgate's Saint Edmund and Saint Fremund" (Dissertation). Harvard University.
573:
450:
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119:'s Metrical Legend, cannot be identified. Offa died on 29 July 796 and was succeeded by his son
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159:. Later, around 1207-1210, some of his relics were removed from Cropredy to a new shrine at
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distance, when, a spring bursting forth, he washes his wound, falls prostrate and expires.
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twenty who have come to seek him, in addition to his two companions; in a great battle at
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86:-on-Usk, and is driven to a small island called Ylefage, sometimes identified with
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196:, a compiler of lives of saints and others, and who seems to have been a monk of
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The legend has a number of historical inconsistencies. Offa's wife was called
90:, which is infested by demons. Here he lives seven years on fruits and roots.
144:
535:
152:
83:
40:
132:
246:
John Blair, "Anglo Saxon
Oxfordshire" (Alan Sutton Publications 1994).
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compiled by John of
Tynemouth in 1366 and summarised by Hardy above.
32:
28:
360:"The Parish of Dunstable: History of St Fremund's Church, Dunstable"
87:
78:
Fremund was the son of a pagan king who reigned in
England, named
24:
95:
192:
The earliest known author to record the legend appears to be
123:, "Who had been anointed king in his lifetime" according to
67:The following summary of the legend as it runs in
216:Sanctilogium Angliae Walliae Scotiae et Hiberniae
443:"St Fremund. The Lost Patron Saint of Dunstable"
417:. London: British Library Publishing Division.
269:"The Parish of Dunstable: Who was St. Fremund?"
389:: a History of the County of Oxford, Volume 10
8:
401:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
143:After his death Fremund's body was taken to
263:
261:
330:A Forgotten Saint, Rev. Canon Wood, D.D.,
307:Gesta Regum Anglorum, William of Malmsbury
39:. He is venerated at both the village of
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415:The life of St Edmund, King and martyr
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324:
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294:, ed. M. Swanton (Dent, London 1997),
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7:
14:
464:John Capgrave's Fifteenth Century
518:Emons-Nijenhuis, Wiesje (2013).
469:University of Pennsylvania Press
349:Date accessed: 25 January 2012.
334:(Volume 27), Jan & Jun 1893
520:"St Fremund, Fact and Fiction"
490:Rev. Canon Wood, D.D. (1893).
1:
559:9th-century Christian saints
316:The Chronicle of Aethelwerd
71:'s version is given by Sir
600:
210:, William of Malmesbury,
461:Winstead, K. A. (2007).
441:Barbara Watling (2008).
584:Burials in Bedfordshire
579:Burials in Warwickshire
569:Medieval English saints
387:Victoria County History
98:ravage England and put
564:Burials in Oxfordshire
447:Catholic Life Magazine
23:, was a ninth-century
536:10.1484/J.RB.1.103324
292:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
203:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
471:. pp. 130–132.
125:William of Malmsbury
492:"A Forgotten Saint"
391:. pp. 157–175.
208:Henry of Huntingdon
169:English Reformation
73:Thomas Duffus Hardy
37:Anglo-Saxon England
188:Historical sources
524:Revue Bénédictine
478:978-0-8122-3977-5
228:Edmund the Martyr
194:William of Ramsey
94:and his brother,
69:John of Tynemouth
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539:. Retrieved
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117:John Lydgate
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57:Bedfordshire
49:patron saint
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157:Oxfordshire
100:King Edmund
45:Oxfordshire
553:Categories
365:22 October
274:22 October
234:References
181:TL22052375
139:Veneration
129:Æthelweard
113:Cynethryth
495:(Article)
454:(Article)
397:cite book
145:Offchurch
51:, and at
413:(2004).
298:911-918.
222:See also
198:Croyland
153:Cropredy
121:Ecgfrith
84:Caerleon
41:Prescote
21:Freomund
378:Sources
92:Hinguar
475:
421:
33:martyr
29:hermit
96:Hubba
88:Lundy
25:saint
543:2014
473:ISBN
419:ISBN
403:link
367:2009
296:s.a.
276:2009
127:and
80:Offa
31:and
532:doi
528:123
184:).
163:in
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