178:
57:
512:, interprets the legend in Jungian psychological terms. In the final scene of the novel where David Staunton is celebrating Christmas with Lizelloti Fitziputli, Magnus Eisengrim, and Dunstan Ramsay he is given a gingerbread bear. Ramsay explains that Gall made a pact of peace with a bear who was terrorizing the citizens of the nearby village. They would feed him gingerbread and he would refrain from eating them. The parable is presented as a Jungian exhortation to make peace with one's dark side. This Jungian interpretation is however incompatible with Catholic Orthodoxy which Gall promoted.
351:
469:(evidenced from 760 onwards) played an illustrious part in Catholic and intellectual history until it was secularised in 1798. It is very likely that Gall kept a small library of books for himself and his disciples for their liturgical worship. Following his death and the establishment of his tomb, the brotherhood of priests gathered there likely added to this small collection of books. These books would become the basis for the
988:
253:
343:
When the See of
Constance became vacant, the clergy who assembled to elect a new bishop were unanimously in favour of Gall. He, however, refused, pleading that the election of a stranger would be contrary to church law. Some time later, in the year 625, on the death of Eustasius, abbott of Luxeuil, a
382:
Another popular story has it that as Gall was travelling in the woods of what is now
Switzerland he was sitting one evening warming his hands at a fire. A bear emerged from the woods and charged. The holy man rebuked the bear, so awed by his presence it stopped its attack and slunk off to the trees.
344:
monastery founded by
Columbanus, members of that community were sent by the monks to request Gall to undertake the government of the monastery. He refused to quit his life of solitude, and undertake any office of rank which might involve him in the cares of the world. He was then an old man.
407:
When
Columbanus, Gall and their companions left Ireland for mainland Europe, they took with them learning and the written word. Their effect on the historical record was significant as the books were painstakingly reproduced on vellum by monks across Europe. Many of the Irish texts
424:
For several decades after his death, Gall's hermit cell remained; his disciples remained together in the cell he had built and followed the rule of St. Columban, combining prayer with work of the hands and reading with teaching. In 719,
309:. The monastery at Bangor had become renowned throughout Europe as a great centre of Christian learning. Studying in Bangor at the same time as Gall was Columbanus, who with twelve companions, set out about the year 589.
383:
There it gathered firewood before returning to share the heat of the fire with Gall. The legend says that for the rest of his days Gall was followed around by his companion the bear.
780:
Vies des pères, des martyrs, et des autres principaux saints : tirées des actes originaux et des monumens les plus authentiques, avec des notes historiques et critiques
340:, near the source of the river Steinach. Cells were soon added for twelve monks whom Gall carefully instructed. Gall was soon known in Switzerland as a powerful preacher.
620:
1043:
624:
1033:
500:
is the name of a wheel shaped hard cheese made from the milk of
Friesian cows, which won a Gold Medal at the World Cheese Awards held in Dublin 2008.
286:
Gall's origin is a matter of dispute. According to his 9th-century biographers in
Reichenau, he was from Ireland and entered Europe as a companion of
585:Übersetzer, Tremp, Ernst 1948- Mitwirkender Huber, Johannes Mitwirkender Schmuki, Karl 1952- Mitwirkender Horlent, Jenifer (13 January 2024).
1053:
909:
895:
596:
1048:
1018:
461:. After an extended conflict with the see of Constance, the Abbey of St. Gallen regained its independence in the 9th century when Emperor
290:. The Irish origin of the historical Gallus was called into question by Hilty (2001), who proposed it as more likely that he was from the
1058:
1073:
1068:
177:
413:
1028:
881:
283:, who also revised a book of the miracles of the saint. Other works ascribed to Walafrid tell of Saint Gall in prose and verse.
147:
that brings him a log of wood; may be shown holding a hermit's tau staff with the bear or carrying a loaf and a pilgrim's staff.
957:
521:
56:
695:
379:, who had granted an estate at Arbon (which belonged to the royal treasury) to Gall so that he might found a monastery there.
1038:
854:
489:
built a church in his honor in Prague shortly after his coronation in 1230, as well as the area of "Havel Town" around it.
332:
but when in 612 Columbanus travelled on to Italy from
Bregenz, Gall had to remain behind due to illness and was nursed at
978:
1023:
948:
457:. In the second half of the 8th century, the community continued to grow but became legally dependent on the Bishop of
1063:
726:
Poncelot, Albert. "St. Gall." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 17 Apr. 2013
470:
350:
336:. He remained in Alemannia, where, with several companions, he led the life of a hermit in the forests southwest of
1078:
662:
Gallus und die
Sprachgeschichte der Nordostschweiz, St Gallen, 2001. Max Schär, "Woher kam der heilige Gallus?",
445:
beginning in 747. As many as 53 monks joined the order under St. Otmar and the community grew to acquire land in
31:
736:
209:
678:
526:
104:
750:
298:
region. Schär (2010) proposed that Gall may have been of Irish descent but born and raised in the Alsace.
252:
204:
645) according to hagiographic tradition was a disciple and one of the traditional twelve companions of
100:
588:
The Abbey
Library of Saint Gall the history, the baroque hall and the collections of the Abbey Library
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434:
1008:
367:
of Saint Gall were circulated. Prominent was the story in which Gall delivered Fridiburga from the
233:
614:
442:
409:
333:
128:
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108:
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272:
952:
858:
462:
280:
138:
320:. In 610, Columbanus was exiled by leaders opposed to Christianity and fled with Gall to
840:
482:
337:
189:
212:
to the continent. However, he may have originally come from the border region between
1002:
992:
508:
313:
225:
301:
According to the 9th-century hagiographies, Gall as a young man went to study under
699:
548:
426:
306:
152:
962:
928:
918:
851:
804:"On the Curri cul um of the Arts of the Trivium at St. Gall from c. 850-c. 1000"
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Studien und Mitteilungen zur Geschichte des Benediktinerordens und seiner Zweige
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466:
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made it a royal monastery. The Abbey's monastery and especially its celebrated
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68:
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679:"Who was St. Gall", St. Gall's Church, Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland
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321:
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17:
751:"St. Gall's Bear", St. Gall's Church, Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland
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Gall and his companions established themselves with Columbanus at first at
761:
458:
276:
241:
232:. Gall is known as a representative of the Irish monastic tradition. The
213:
783:(in French). Chez Broulhiet, éditeur, rue Saint-Rome. pp. 261–265.
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446:
363:
From as early as the 9th century a series of fantastically embroidered
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Images of Saint Gall typically represent him standing with a bear.
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349:
325:
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176:
161:
157:
90:
43:
638:
Grattan-Flood, William. "St. Deicolus." The Catholic Encyclopedia
317:
144:
429:, the brotherhood's first abbot, extended Gall's cell into the
371:
by which she was possessed. Fridiburga was the betrothed of
640:
Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 2 June 2018
347:
He died at the age of ninety-five around 645–650 in Arbon.
696:""Who was St. Gall?", St. Gall School, Chicago, Illinois"
181:
Stained-glass disc showing Saint Gall as dean, dated 1566
921:, pp. 165–190, Early Music xxviii, no.2, May 2000
976:
240:, Switzerland was built upon his original hermitage.
737:"Saint Gall", Orthodox Outlet for Dogmatic Enquiries
151:
137:
127:
114:
96:
84:
74:
66:
41:
649:English translation in Throop, Priscilla, trans.,
324:. He accompanied Columbanus on his voyage up the
30:"St. Gall" redirects here. For other uses, see
902:Gallusland. Auf den Spuren des heiligen Gallus
271:was recast in the 9th century by two monks of
915:Music and musicians in medieval Irish society
543:
541:
416:were preserved in Abbeys across the channel.
354:Gall, Columbanus, and Magnus: Autobahnkapelle
8:
852:The Irish Farmhouse Cheesemakers Association
619:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
721:
719:
717:
623:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
55:
38:
925:Music in Prehistoric and Medieval Ireland
876:, Llanerch Press, Burnham-on-Sea, 1927.
674:
672:
983:
841:360 Virtual Prague: Church of St. Havel
746:
744:
591:. Verlag am Klosterhof. pp. 9–10.
537:
391:His feast is celebrated on 16 October.
1044:Medieval Irish saints on the Continent
946:The Origins of Traditional Irish Music
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7:
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888:Gallus. Der Heikiger in seiner Zeit
666:vol. 121. St. Ottilien 2010, 71–94.
1034:6th-century Irish Christian clergy
653:, Charlotte, VT: MedievalMS, 2010.
433:, which became the nucleus of the
259:and Saint Gall on Lake Constance (
25:
904:, Paulus Verlag, Fribourg, 2011.
441:. The abbey followed the rule of
263:), from a 15th-century manuscript
143:Portrayed as an abbot blessing a
986:
485:), Gall was known as St. Havel.
890:, Schwabe Verlag, Basle, 2011.
244:was the elder brother of Gall.
549:"Saint of the Day, October 16"
481:In Bohemian lands (modern day
1:
551:. St. Patrick Catholic Church
527:List of Roman Catholic saints
201:
197:
1054:Irish expatriates in Germany
1049:Irish expatriates in France
1019:7th-century Frankish saints
471:Abbey Library of Saint Gall
449:, the region of Zurich and
1095:
1059:Irish expatriates in Italy
935:, volume one, Oxford, 2005
872:Joynt, Maud, tr. and ed.,
29:
1074:7th-century Irish writers
1069:6th-century Irish writers
958:Orthodox Icons of St Gall
275:, enlarged in 816–824 by
54:
32:St. Gall (disambiguation)
1029:Medieval Irish musicians
933:A New History of Ireland
27:Irish disciple and saint
951:7 December 1998 at the
931:, pp. 744–813, in
857:19 October 2013 at the
820:10.1163/156853463X00036
764:The Lives of the Saints
522:List of Orthodox saints
279:, and about 833–884 by
267:The fragmentary oldest
105:Eastern Orthodox Church
802:De Rijk, L.M. (1963).
777:Butler, Alban (1808).
651:The Life of Saint Gall
443:St. Benedict of Nursia
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193:
182:
1039:Medieval Irish saints
967:Christian Iconography
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101:Roman Catholic Church
435:Canton of St. Gallen
224:at the monastery of
210:mission from Ireland
1024:Abbey of Saint Gall
900:Schmid, Christian,
874:The Life of St Gall
477:Church of St. Havel
234:Abbey of Saint Gall
123:Abbey of Saint Gall
1064:Colombanian saints
493:In popular culture
412:in Ireland during
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1079:People from Arbon
910:978-3-7228-0794-2
896:978-3-7965-2749-4
598:978-3-906616-82-7
431:Abbey of St. Gall
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867:Bibliography
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814:(1): 35–86.
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704:. Retrieved
700:the original
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455:River Neckar
453:, up to the
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414:Viking raids
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238:Saint Gallen
185:
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36:
18:Saint Gallus
1014:640s deaths
929:Ann Buckley
919:Ann Buckley
487:Wenceslas I
467:scriptorium
439:Switzerland
437:in eastern
395:Iconography
373:Sigebert II
326:Rhine River
166:Switzerland
164:, poultry,
1009:550 births
1003:Categories
387:Veneration
288:Columbanus
257:Columbanus
222:Columbanus
206:Columbanus
170:St. Gallen
139:Attributes
133:16 October
69:Saint Gall
67:Patron of
61:Saint Gall
969:web site.
828:0042-7543
615:cite book
607:214366157
459:Constance
451:Alemannia
427:St. Otmar
410:destroyed
322:Alemannia
273:Reichenau
248:Biography
218:Alemannia
153:Patronage
949:Archived
855:Archived
808:Vivarium
789:71811056
516:See also
277:Wettinus
261:Bodensee
242:Deicolus
214:Lorraine
965:at the
555:8 March
498:St Gall
447:Thurgau
359:Legends
330:Bregenz
314:Luxeuil
303:Comgall
228:in the
226:Luxeuil
208:on his
80:Ireland
993:Saints
979:Portal
908:
894:
880:
826:
787:
706:14 May
605:
595:
403:Legacy
377:Franks
296:Alsace
292:Vosges
230:Vosges
200:550 –
194:Gallus
118:shrine
116:Major
88:c. 645
78:c. 550
533:Notes
369:demon
365:Lives
334:Arbon
190:Latin
162:geese
158:birds
129:Feast
91:Arbon
44:Saint
906:ISBN
892:ISBN
878:ISBN
824:ISSN
785:OCLC
708:2013
625:link
621:link
603:OCLC
593:ISBN
557:2012
318:Gaul
269:Life
216:and
186:Gall
145:bear
85:Died
75:Born
49:Gall
816:doi
328:to
316:in
305:of
294:or
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810:.
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