422:, one of Fredrick's soldiers named Ludwig of Helfenstein reported that he had seen a white clad warrior, identified as Saint George, on a white horse attacking the Turks, and the chronicled accounts provide no evidence that anyone doubted him. On the evening of May 13, 1190, Frederick's troops were ordered to confess their sins and received penance. During the battle on May 14, the priests and bishops (at the risk of injury or death) went to the front, among the troops, to pray, wearing their white stoles that made them obvious targets for the Muslims. The invocation of Saint George for help had by then become the standard battle cry of the soldiers. The crusaders prevailed in the battle and captured
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395:, his troops were involved in group prayer and the bishops would hold camp-wide religious rites for them to strengthen their faith and morale. Priests would celebrate special votive Masses with the troops to pray for divine support. These Masses focused on Saint George and the soldiers always invoked him for he was said to appear whenever the crusaders were in their greatest need for help. In a letter sent to his son in November 1189, Fredrick stated that despite having superb troops, it was necessary for him to place his trust in prayers for divine assistance for: "
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59:, the story of the life of Saint George, both as fact and legend, has come to symbolize the victory of good over evil, and become part of local Christian traditions, festivals and celebrations that continue to date. Saint George has been widely represented in Christian art in multiple media and forms, from paintings and sculptures to stained glass and reliefs, through the ages, and has become the subject of multiple prayers and devotions. This article traces the origins, development and growth of the Christian devotions, traditions, and prayers to Saint George.
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Christ. I fervently implore thee for the sake of this love to help me by thy intercession to overcome the temptations that surround me, and to bear bravely the trials that oppress me, so that I may patiently carry the cross which is placed upon me; and let neither distress nor difficulties separate me from the love of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Valiant champion of the Faith, assist me in the combat against evil, that I may win the crown promised to them that persevere unto the end.
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52:, and is highly honored by both the Western and Eastern Churches. A wide range of devotions, traditions, and prayers to honor the saint have emerged throughout the centuries. He has for long been distinguished by the title of "The Great Martyr" and is one of the most popular saints to be represented in icons. Devotions to Saint George have a large following among Christians, and a large number of churches are dedicated to him worldwide.
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188:) in about 320. But she became a healer and confidant to the Queen of Iberia and spread Christianity and the story of Saint George. The Iberian King became a Christian after he was lost in the woods and found his way back by praying to Christ. Saint Nino initiated the construction of the first Christian Churches in east Georgia at
661:. And that the Andromeda episode in the life of Perseus may have helped shape the legend of Saint George and the dragon. The similarities extend to the visual representations, and many artistic portrayals of Saint George slaying the dragon have distinct counterparts in the renderings of Perseus and Andromeda.
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Images of the life and martyrdom of Saint George and the dragon legend began to appear in churches across Europe, including Sweden, where Saint George was portrayed as the hero and example of all noble young men who needed to be stimulated to show their virtue and bravery in the defense of princesses
967:
Almighty God, who gave to your servant George boldness to
Confess the Name of our Savior Jesus Christ before the rulers of this world, and courage to die for this faith: Grant that we may always be ready to give a reason for the hope that is in us, and to suffer gladly for the sake of our Lord Jesus
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community and a symbol of their enduring faith and resilience. Additionally, Saint George is regarded as a protector and healer in Druze tradition. The story of Saint George slaying the dragon is interpreted allegorically, representing the triumph of good over evil and the protection of the faithful
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Saint George came to be called on by
Christians to aid them in battle and in time of great need, and upon victory churches were built to honor him. Festivals celebrating the ensuing victories became part of local traditions and led to increased devotion to him. He was portrayed in art as a protector
1018:
Almighty and eternal God! With lively faith and reverently worshiping Thy divine
Majesty, I prostrate myself before Thee and invoke with filial trust Thy supreme bounty and mercy. Illumine the darkness of my intellect with a ray of Thy heavenly light and inflame my heart with the fire of Thy divine
1002:
O GOD, who didst grant to Saint George strength and constancy in the various torments which he sustained for our holy faith; we beseech Thee to preserve, through his intercession, our faith from wavering and doubt, so that we may serve Thee with a sincere heart faithfully unto death. Through Christ
980:
St. George, Heroic
Catholic soldier and defender of your Faith, you dared to criticize a tyrannical Emperor and were subjected to horrible torture. You could have occupied a high military position but you preferred to die for your Lord. Obtain for us the great grace of heroic Christian courage that
610:
and helped spread the legend of the dragon. In De
Voragine's version of the legend, the dragon was in the city of Silena in the province of Libya in the Middle East. However, as the tales were carried across Europe, the location of the dragon varied. For instance in some German versions the dragon
993:
Faithful servant of God and invincible martyr, Saint George; favored by God with the gift of faith, and inflamed with an ardent love of Christ, thou didst fight valiantly against the dragon of pride, falsehood, and deceit. Neither pain nor torture, sword nor death could part thee from the love of
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sailed from
England to what would later become the United States, it flew the flag of Saint George, the patron saint of England. Over the next three centuries, pilgrims from Europe brought with them devotions to Saint George, and a large number churches were dedicated to him in the United States.
751:
in Kerala, the annual feast is dedicated to St. George, the patron saint of the church, and his ancient statue is still honored. The arrival of the
English after the Portuguese, added to the spread of devotions to the saint. Elsewhere in Kerala, the annual ten-day prayer feast at the massive 19th
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in the late third century, rather than the mythical King
Dadianus. A document found in the Vatican was signed by a witness Pascrates on April 23, which had previously been reported as the date of Saint George's execution, and had since become his feast day. The saint's father was established as a
324:
in
Austria is another example of a remote, but surviving shrine. By the tenth century a chapel was dedicated to Saint George on this mountain bluff that can only be reached on foot, and an abbey was established in 1138. Pilgrimages developed soon thereafter once a possible relic of the saint was
149:
of
Christians declared himself to be one and tore down the Emperor's edict in defiance. Saint George was tortured and dragged behind horses through the streets but would not renounce his Christian beliefs. The saint was then beheaded on April 23, 303. A significant number of conversions to
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Along with the construction of churches, creation of art and spread of legends, a number of genuine devotions and prayers to Saint George developed over the ages among Christians. These traditions and prayers continue across the world to date, e.g. in May 2008 the arch-priest of
211:
began to grow in popularity among Greek Egyptians and the devotion spread to other parts of Europe. By the sixth century Saint George had become the ideal Christian knight. In the seventh and eighth centuries stained glass windows in churches across Europe depicted him.
344:, Russia, was adorned with magnificent frescoes in 1167. From this early period, Saint George was seen both as a symbol of courage for keeping his faith in the face of death and, having been a soldier, as one of the warrior saints who was at times depicted with Saint
513:
was crusading in the Middle East in the twelfth century he had a vision of Saint George who promised him victory in the battle. Eventually Saint George was proclaimed the patron saint of England in the mid-thirteenth century and protector of the royal family by
446:
of their army. And in a wider context, he came to be seen, and was depicted in art, as "a protector", his raised sword symbolizing both protection and sacrifice. In some medieval paintings, Saint George even came to be represented as an intercessor to Christ.
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Saint George first appeared as the patron saint of Russia in 1415 and his popularity in Russia continued to grow. He grew to be so popular in Moscow that 41 churches there were dedicated to him. He is still represented on the
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and an annual festival that grew so large that it had to be moved to a larger location. As of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Saint George had come to be seen as the normal defender of the crusaders, and even the
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was specially devoted to the saint and declared him the patron saint of Portugal. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Portuguese explorers carried the devotion across the oceans to India and South America.
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in Southern India and statues to honor him were erected. However, before the fifteenth century arrival of the Portuguese, the Syrians had no tradition of sacred statues as they believed them to be
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reported and still thousands of pilgrims climb the mountain path each year. But not all churches dedicated to Saint George in the Middle ages were remote or built on a small budget. The Church of
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The fifteenth century also witnessed a significant amount of growth in the festivals and patronages for Saint George. As of 1411, San Giorgio's festival on April 24 was a main event in
727:
By the fifteenth century, the story of the courage of Saint George, and devotions to him, had spread across the world, from the southern parts of India to the northern parts of Russia.
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Some authors have pointed out that many scenes of the legend of Saint George's slaying of the dragon to save the princess correspond to the myth of the slaying of the "sea monster" by
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love that I may contemplate the great virtues and merits of the Saint in whose honor I make this novena, and following his example imitate, like him, the life of Thy Divine Son.
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and as a symbol of sacrifice, and the interplay of battle cries, prayers, artistic depictions and the construction of Churches in his honor led to increased devotion.
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at great expense and had truly imposing dimensions for any medieval structure. The techniques used in building the church signify the highest level of patronage.
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The saint's father died when he was young, and his mother inherited a large estate which she later descended to her son. He joined the army of the Roman Emperor
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Saint George was venerated in England as early as the eighth century and devotions to Saint George and shrines dedicated to him continued to grow during the
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814:, Italy, where he is still the patron saint of the town. Such festivals spread across Europe and became part of local traditions in villages from Turtman,
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of the city of Moscow as a knight on a white horse slaying a dragon with a spear. Today, a large number of statues of Saint George can be found in Moscow.
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in 1484. In the sixteenth century the Portuguese spread devotions to Saint George in South America, and today the saint remains popular in places such as
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Saint George thus came to be seen as the deliverer of prisoners and protector of the poor, and these sentiments are reflected in art that depicts him.
482:, took Saint George as their patron. Pendants bearing the image of Saint George were used for protection. The inscription on an enamel pendant at the
94:, was one of the first people to undertake a serious study of Saint George. But modern scholarship really began in the 17th century with the group of
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Daily Life in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages, By A. H. de Oliveira Marques, Vitor Andre, S. S. Wyatt Published by Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1971
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The invocation of Saint George as a protector during the Middle Ages is well exemplified by the conduct of the soldiers participating in the
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in 1260. Here, the pleas for help to Saint George and the ensuing victory led to donations by the soldiers for the construction of the
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By the late fifteenth century, as Portuguese ships sailed the seas, symbols of Saint George began to appear in new territories, with
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specifically asks the saint to protect the wearer in battle. Songs were composed to Saint George for the English peasantry, e.g.:
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does not have a specific warrior context, but simply asks God for divine assistance and the imitation of the life of the saint:
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to the intercession of Saint George, and in the aftermath commissioned a statue of Saint George and the Dragon carved by the
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and fused the story of the martyrdom of the saint with the Western legend of the liberation of the princess from the dragon.
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Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries
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It is not known when a church was first built on the site of martyrdom and burial of Saint George. But by the time of the
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But the early devotions to the saint were not limited to the northern countries. In the sixth century Saint George as the
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in the seventh century, a large three-aisled basilica existed, with the martyr's tomb located beneath the main altar.
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around 1260. By the fourteenth century the Golden legend had become one of the most popular religious works of the
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and legendary traditions associated with Saint George and many festivals that celebrate him involve the legend of
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a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the
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570:
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172:, who was probably a relative of Saint George on her father's side, was taken as a slave woman and was moved to
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in the twelfth century, brought the devotion to Saint George to Portugal with them. By the fourteenth century "
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17:
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directly refers to the courage it took for the saint to confess his Christianity before opposing authority:
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348:. Saint George and Saint Theodore continued to be represented together in many churches, e.g. in mosaics in
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and won over them. In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druzes were attracted to
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775:, an exceptionally lifelike monumental wooden statue of Saint George was erected by the fifteenth century
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In Russia, the story of Saint George and the Dragon passed through the oral tradition of religious poems (
619:. In these legends, Saint George slays a dragon to liberate a princess and is thanked by the town people.
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in the fourteenth century. More than 190 Medieval churches in England were dedicated to Saint George, and
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The association of Saint George with the dragon was not attested to until the twelfth century version of
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After multiple attempts by hagiographers, the time of Saint George's life was firmly established in the
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853:, which dates to 1784 and is the oldest Methodist church still in use in the United States. To date,
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The earliest dated Church dedicated to Saint George himself was first mentioned in 518. In Rome, the
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would come to the area above the village of Ebingen and would disappear into the southern slope of
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260:, in 549, the local bishop and two of his deacons built a martyrion dedicated to Saint George.
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and it inspired other scholars to dispense with Medieval myths and perform detailed studies.
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Impressive Saint George statues began to appear across Europe after the fourteenth century.
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striking down the dragon became one of the most popular subjects in Orthodox icon painting.
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A King is saved by the Grace of the Eternal King which exceeds the merits of any individual
375:, c 1890. Prayers to Saint George here in 1190 were the battle cry of the Christian forces.
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Devotions and churches dedicated to Saint George continued to spread to other continents.
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Christ; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
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Christianity were reported after his martyrdom which led to his continued veneration.
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Many churches were decorated with images of the saint, e.g. St. George's church in
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church in Stockholm, as an obvious allegory of Sture's battle against Christian.
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Kerala Christian sainthood: collisions of culture and worldview in South India
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298:(Song of Saint George) was composed there as a set of hymns to Saint George.
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841:
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419:
268:, which housed some of the saint's reported relics, was dedicated to him by
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891:. Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central
756:(which resembles the Medieval churches of Europe) attracts many pilgrims.
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The International Year of the Book: St. George Day on Staten Island 2011
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537:" (i.e. St. George) had become the battle cry of Portuguese troops and
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pagan senator Gerontius and his mother Polychronia as a Christian from
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had adopted the insignia of Saint George, from which the country of
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and Henschen provided a good account of the life of Saint George in
956:, India, holds prayers of intercession to Saint George every week.
2910:
Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean
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Franciscans in Sweden: Medieval Remnants of Franciscan Activities
952:, called on all parishioners to pray to Saint George every day.
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and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of
829:
placing a pillar dedicated to the saint at the opening of the
224:
Fresco of Saint George (with his white horse) standing beside
34:
1888:
The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints
914:
The reverence for Saint George, who is often identified with
783:, an exact copy of which can be found in his hometown in the
236:, the first Church dedicated to Saint George in Rome, in 741.
2360:
Ancient Poems, Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England
2819:
Voices of the magi: enchanted journeys in southeast Brazil
735:
brought the legend of the pious and brave Saint George to
577:
After the thirteenth century, a large portion of the art,
676:
and in confession of the true belief. The Swedish regent
264:
built a church for Saint George in 683 and the Church of
592:(Codex Romanus Angelicus 46, pt. 12, written in Greek).
294:
in Germany was founded in 888 and in about the year 900
1689:
1687:
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The same sentiment is present within the following two
410:, built by donations from soldiers upon the victory at
887:'s favorite venerated figures: Saint George and Saint
329:, now partially excavated, was built by the bishop of
2799:
The Portuguese empire, 1415–1808: a world on the move
2903:
2901:
2899:
2721:
Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend
3148:
3064:
2234:
Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia
196:stands today. By the end of the sixth century, the
2859:http://www.etgstores.com/bookcafe/stgeorgeday.html
2181:Published by Matchett and Stevenson, 1808 page 126
2048:The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
2027:The popes and the papacy in the early Middle Ages
1821:The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition
157:St. George on the coat of arms of the country of
2069:Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices
1758:Relics, prayer, and politics in medieval Venetia
2522:Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins
2373:Stained glass in England during the Middle Ages
2194:Published by UPenn Museum of Archaeology, 2007
1000:
522:bearing his image could be found in many more.
125:as being during the reign of the Roman Emperor
18:Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
899:appreciated the two saints for their bravery:
719:Depiction of 15th-century Portuguese explorer
3042:
2131:Christian Pilgrimage in Modern Western Europe
911:that resemble their own militarized society.
901:Saint George because he confronted the dragon
8:
1537:St. George Orthodox Church Puthuppally Pally
1901:A sociological history of Christian worship
458:'s "Lyfe of Seynt George" Westminster 1515.
286:across Europe. Saint George's Abbey on the
3049:
3035:
3027:
2882:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 310–314.
2213:The mosaic decoration of San Marco, Venice
2629:Published by Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 1998
2089:The Oxford Companion to German Literature
1877:, Published by J.P. Peaslee, 1834 page 57
763:'s 1415 bronze statue of Saint George in
2341:Published by Taylor & Francis, 1996
1964:Christianity in the land of the pharaohs
954:St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, New Delhi
767:, Italy, is considered a masterpiece of
363:
252:under the saint's protection in 527. In
219:
28:
3181:St. George's Cathedral (disambiguation)
3011:Litanies and Novenas for Your Salvation
1663:
1556:
1432:
1378:
1320:
1243:
1160:
1037:
731:Christians (who arrived first) and the
596:, the thirteenth-century archbishop of
2396:Published by Marshall Cavendish, 2001
2276:Siena, Civil Religion, and the Sienese
2006:Hellenic religion and Christianization
1716:Art Through the Ages: A Global History
981:should mark soldiers of Christ. Amen.
48:is one of Christianity's most popular
3186:St George's Hospital (disambiguation)
3166:St. George's College (disambiguation)
2362:, Published by J.W. Parker, page 168.
7:
3171:St. George's School (disambiguation)
2608:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1977,
2566:Published by Forgotten Books, 1928,
2524:Biblo & Tannen Publishers, 1974
2110:German, a linguistic history to 1945
847:St. George's United Methodist Church
501:Early patron saints in England were
333:in the early eleventh century under
3176:St George's Church (disambiguation)
2743:, Taylor and Francis Press, page 77
2670:, Oxford University Press US, 2001
2215:University of Chicago Press, 1988,
1802:, Published by Marshall Cavendish,
1737:The archeology of the New Testament
1312:St. George and scenes of his life.
429:Another example is provided by the
2780:, Published by BiblioBazaar, 2008
2545:University of Toronto Press, 2004
2476:Princeton University Press, 1995,
2155:The New Cambridge medieval history
1924:, Published by Cosimo, Inc., 2005
1890:Published by Duffy, 1845, page 235
1856:, Published by Cosimo, Inc., 2005
1781:, Published by BiblioBazaar, 2008
877:Christian influence on Druze faith
818:, in Switzerland to Traunstein in
494:Of all the knights in Christendom,
25:
3082:Devotions, traditions and prayers
2878:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017).
2318:Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia
2157:Cambridge University Press, 2004
2050:Cambridge University Press, 1998
1943:Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia
1922:A History of the Christian Church
1903:Cambridge University Press, 2005
1854:A History of the Christian Church
1760:Princeton University Press, 1997
1697:, Harvard University Press, 2007
866:St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town
680:attributed his victory over King
3221:
3209:
3139:
1987:Published by Loyola Press, 1985
1841:Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca
1647:
1619:
1601:
1582:
1559:
1529:
1506:
1483:
1459:
1435:
1409:
1395:
1381:
1362:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1305:
1286:
1266:
1246:
1220:
1201:
1182:
1163:
1146:
1131:
1116:
1101:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1040:
870:Saint George's Church, Singapore
541:attributed their victory in the
492:Saint George he was a knight, O!
138:, who raised him as a believer.
122:Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca
2912:. Routledge. pp. 197–200.
2841:, Published by Scholastic 1999
2604:Boris Pasternak, Donald Davie,
2255:Religion and the conduct of war
1609:St. George's Cathedral, Chennai
1024:Gallery of art and architecture
752:century St. George's Church in
745:St. George's Church, Aruvithura
711:Worldwide devotions and statues
308:, hymns to St. George, c. 1000.
2759:Oxford University Press, 2009
2112:Oxford University Press, 1985
2091:Oxford University Press, 1997
1983:Sister Mary Kathleen Glavich,
1875:History of Christian martyrdom
529:who helped in the conquest of
71:St. George with the enthroned
1:
3156:Locales named after St George
2741:The Art and Artists of Russia
2500:, Greenwood Publishing, 2004
2455:Published by Routledge, 2008
2375:Published by Routledge, 1993
2029:Published by Routledge, 1979
1966:Published by Routledge, 2002
1273:Conquering Saints George and
862:St. George's Cathedral, Perth
743:. In Indian churches such as
496:Saint George is the right, O!
90:, the 16th century Bishop of
3013:Published by Lulu.com, 2007
2933:Saint George's Basilica News
2757:Music in Renaissance Ferrara
2702:Yale University Press, 2007
2700:Renaissance Art Reconsidered
2585:History: Fiction Or Science?
2543:Biblical and classical myths
2417:Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004
2236:Published by ABC-CLIO, 2005
2192:Master Builders of Byzantium
1491:St. George's Cathedral, Lviv
1261:and angels, late 6th century
1190:St. George Dragged by Horses
950:St. George's Basilica, Malta
868:, South Africa, to 1901 and
864:, Australia, dates to 1888,
798:of Moscow with Saint George.
462:During the eleventh century
33:The tomb of Saint George in
3072:Saint George and the Dragon
3009:Susanna Magdalene Flavius,
2778:Festivals of Western Europe
2606:The Poems of Doctor Zhivago
1779:Festivals of Western Europe
1314:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1279:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1228:The Martyrdom of St. George
1213:St. George's Oratory, Padua
1209:The Beheading of St. George
705:Saint George the Victorious
583:Saint George and the Dragon
192:, including a church where
81:Saint Catherine's Monastery
3280:
2587:Published by Mithec, 2005
2339:Dictionary of Christianity
1819:Christopher Walter, 2003,
1330:Russian icon, 15th century
723:landing in India, c. 1880.
454:Woodcut Frontispiece from
3204:
3191:George, Martyr of Córdoba
3137:
2008:Published by BRILL, 1994
1945:, Penn State Press, 1998
1342:16th-century Russian icon
1171:The Torture of St. George
855:St. George, Staten Island
563:St. George and the Dragon
288:Reichenau monastic island
2967:www.catholic-saints.info
2963:"Prayer to Saint George"
2415:Holy people of the world
1739:, Taylor & Francis,
314:Sankt Georgenberg Shrine
194:Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
147:Diocletianic Persecution
3161:St. George's University
2797:A. J. R. Russell-Wood,
2564:Dragons and Dragon Lore
2320:Penn State Press, 1998
2299:Penn State Press, 2006
1369:17th-century Greek icon
1141:, mid-late 19th century
987:Prayers of Intercession
974:Prayers to Saint George
684:of Denmark in the 1471
590:Miracula Sancti Georgii
327:Saint George at Mangana
3259:Roman Catholic prayers
3216:Catholicism portal
3124:George's Day in Autumn
3119:George's Day in Spring
2944:Saint Mary's Cathedral
2817:Suzel Ana Reily, 2002
2688:Kerala Tourism website
2646:Vladimir Lossky, 1982
2274:Gerald Parsons, 2004,
1920:F. J. Foakes-Jackson,
1852:F. J. Foakes-Jackson,
1798:Robert Pateman, 2006,
1654:Catholicism portal
1021:
1005:
996:
983:
970:
961:Prayer to Saint George
944:
799:
724:
646:
574:
545:to Saint George. King
499:
490:As for Saint George O'
459:
415:
389:Frederick I Barbarossa
376:
360:Battles and patronages
309:
266:San Giorgio in Velabro
237:
234:San Giorgio in Velabro
176:(a remote part of the
162:
84:
42:
3264:Saint George (martyr)
3254:Fourteen Holy Helpers
2472:Jacobus de Voragine,
1985:Saints and Feast Days
1672:Traditional Festivals
1670:Christian Roy, 2005,
1499:Catholic Eastern Rite
1466:St. George's Church,
1442:St. George's Church,
1281:, 9th or 10th century
1255:Virgin Mary and Child
1064:Rogier van der Weyden
1029:Paintings and statues
1016:
991:
978:
965:
934:
840:In 1620, as the ship
793:
718:
625:
561:
543:Battle of Aljubarrota
511:Richard the Lionheart
488:
480:William the Conqueror
453:
435:Church of San Giorgio
405:
367:
304:
223:
156:
73:Virgin Mary and Child
70:
32:
3077:Saint George's Cross
2908:Ferg, Erica (2020).
2739:Richard Hare, 1965,
2719:Mike Kennedy, 1998,
2648:The Meaning of Icons
2498:Folk and fairy tales
2257:Boydell Press, 2003
2151:Rosamond McKitterick
1899:Martin D. Stringer,
1823:Ashgate Publishing,
1735:Jack Finegan, 1981,
1714:Fred Kleiner, 2008,
1589:San Giorgio Church,
1566:San Giorgio Church,
1514:San Giorgio Maggiore
1296:icon of St. George,
1253:St. George with the
785:St. Catherine Church
686:Battle of Brunkeberg
678:Sten Sture the Elder
507:Edward the Confessor
431:Battle of Montaperti
412:Battle of Montaperti
383:in 1190, during the
250:Porta San Sebastiano
209:Martyr of Cappadocia
98:scholars called the
2991:st-george-medal.com
2358:James Dixon, 1857,
2295:Bissera Pentcheva,
2190:Robert Ousterhout,
1472:Republic of Georgia
1424:Churches and altars
927:Prayers and novenas
773:Stockholm Cathedral
594:Jacobus de Voragine
83:, late 6th century.
63:History and origins
3249:Catholic devotions
3104:Saint George's Day
2987:"St. George Medal"
2949:2009-05-04 at the
2698:Carol Richardson,
2562:Ernest Ingersoll,
2025:Jeffrey Richards,
1194:Bernardo Martorell
945:
800:
725:
647:
613:Schonberg mountain
575:
547:John I of Portugal
460:
418:A few days before
416:
408:San Giorgio, Siena
377:
373:Hermann Wislicenus
350:St Mark's Basilica
346:Theodore of Amasea
310:
246:Flavius Belisarius
238:
204:derived its name.
163:
88:Aloysius Lippomani
85:
43:
3236:
3235:
3228:Saints portal
2728:978-1-57607-130-4
2666:Corinne Dempsey,
2655:978-0-913836-99-6
2625:Henrik Roelvink,
2583:Anatoly Fomenko,
2518:Joseph Fontenrose
2482:978-0-691-00153-1
2474:The Golden Legend
2413:Phyllis Jestice,
2316:Antony Eastmond,
1941:Antony Eastmond,
1679:978-1-57607-089-5
1627:Antholz-Mittertal
989:to Saint George:
603:The Golden Legend
554:Tales and legends
503:Edmund the Martyr
456:Alexander Barclay
426:on May 16, 1190.
381:Battle of Iconium
369:Battle at Iconium
232:at the Church of
16:(Redirected from
3271:
3226:
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2935:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2905:
2894:
2893:
2875:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2839:On the Mayflower
2835:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2795:
2789:
2776:Dorothy Spicer,
2774:
2768:
2750:
2744:
2737:
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2509:
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2411:
2405:
2394:Medieval England
2390:
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2356:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2314:
2308:
2293:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2253:David Bachrach,
2251:
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2224:
2209:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2179:Collective Works
2172:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2133:UNC Press, 1992
2127:
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2100:
2085:
2079:
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2002:
1996:
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1975:
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1796:
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1777:Dorothy Spicer,
1775:
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1754:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1718:Wadsworth Press
1712:
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1682:
1668:
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1591:Bormida, Liguria
1586:
1563:
1533:
1524:(Roman Catholic)
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1487:
1463:
1439:
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1135:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1060:
1044:
985:There is also a
935:Saint George by
881:Christian saints
571:National Gallery
476:Duke of Normandy
391:marched through
104:Daniel Papebroch
37:, just south of
21:
3279:
3278:
3274:
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3196:Synod of Oxford
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2951:Wayback Machine
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2541:Northrop Frye,
2540:
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2512:
2492:
2488:
2471:
2467:
2450:
2446:
2433:
2429:
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2392:Kathryn Hinds,
2391:
2387:
2371:Richard Marks,
2370:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2336:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2297:Icons and Power
2294:
2290:
2273:
2269:
2252:
2248:
2232:Christian Roy,
2231:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2189:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2149:
2145:
2128:
2124:
2107:
2103:
2086:
2082:
2067:Ann Ball, 2003
2066:
2062:
2046:Denys Pringle,
2045:
2041:
2024:
2020:
2004:Frank Trombley
2003:
1999:
1982:
1978:
1961:
1957:
1940:
1936:
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1713:
1709:
1693:Robin Cormack,
1692:
1685:
1669:
1665:
1661:
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1644:
1637:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1587:
1578:
1564:
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1545:Indian Orthodox
1534:
1525:
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1097:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1012:to Saint George
1003:our Lord. Amen.
929:
713:
666:dukhovny stikhi
659:Greek mythology
556:
539:Saint Constable
497:
495:
493:
491:
472:Robert Curthose
444:standard-bearer
362:
277:Muslim conquest
218:
198:Kings of Iberia
145:but during the
65:
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22:
15:
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11:
5:
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2790:
2769:
2753:Lewis Lockwood
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2712:
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2597:
2576:
2555:
2534:
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2494:D. L. Ashliman
2486:
2465:
2451:Daniel Ogden,
2444:
2427:
2406:
2385:
2364:
2351:
2330:
2309:
2288:
2278:Ashgate Press
2267:
2246:
2225:
2204:
2183:
2167:
2143:
2129:Sidney Nolan,
2122:
2101:
2087:Mary Garland,
2080:
2060:
2039:
2018:
1997:
1976:
1955:
1934:
1913:
1892:
1886:Alban Butler,
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1456:
1452:Roman Catholic
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1316:, 13th century
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1232:Paolo Veronese
1226:
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1200:
1198:
1196:, 15th century
1188:
1181:
1179:
1175:Michael Coxcie
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1139:Gustave Moreau
1137:
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1098:
1096:, 16th century
1092:
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1066:, 15th century
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1027:
1025:
1022:
928:
925:
909:warrior saints
845:Among them is
769:Florentine art
721:Vasco da Gamma
712:
709:
639:Pierre Mignard
635:marine monster
555:
552:
484:British Museum
361:
358:
342:Staraya Ladoga
335:Constantine IX
292:Lake Constance
270:Pope Zacharias
217:
214:
174:ancient Iberia
113:Acta Sanctorum
64:
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2889:9781351722179
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2847:0-439-09941-2
2844:
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2837:Kate Waters,
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2826:0-226-70941-8
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2786:1-4375-2015-4
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2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:0-415-42725-8
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2440:0-299-05584-1
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2423:1-57607-355-6
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:0-7614-0308-6
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:0-415-03345-4
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2347:1-884964-49-4
2344:
2340:
2337:Jean Cooper,
2334:
2331:
2327:
2326:0-271-01628-0
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:0-271-02551-4
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2284:0-7546-1516-2
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2263:0-85115-944-3
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:1-57607-089-1
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:0-226-14291-4
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2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:1-934536-03-2
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:0-521-41411-3
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:0-8078-4389-X
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:0-19-815795-9
2115:
2111:
2108:C. J. Wells,
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:0-19-815896-3
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:0-87973-910-X
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:0-521-39037-0
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:0-7100-0098-7
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:90-04-09691-4
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:0-8294-0505-4
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:0-415-24253-3
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:0-271-01628-0
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:1-59605-452-2
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:0-521-81955-5
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:1-59605-452-2
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:1-84014-694-X
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:0-7614-2059-2
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:1-4375-2015-4
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:0-691-01175-3
1763:
1759:
1756:Thomas Dale,
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:0-7099-1006-1
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:0-495-41060-8
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:0-674-02619-5
1700:
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977:
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942:
938:
933:
926:
924:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:Mount Lebanon
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
843:
838:
836:
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828:
823:
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640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
618:
617:Liechtenstein
614:
609:
605:
604:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
520:stained glass
517:
512:
508:
504:
498:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
452:
448:
445:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
413:
409:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:Third Crusade
382:
374:
370:
366:
359:
357:
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
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307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
273:
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227:
222:
215:
213:
210:
205:
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175:
171:
167:
160:
155:
151:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
128:
124:
123:
117:
115:
114:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
82:
78:
74:
69:
62:
60:
58:
53:
51:
47:
40:
36:
31:
27:
19:
3129:in Palestine
3081:
3058:Saint George
3010:
3005:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2957:
2939:
2928:
2909:
2879:
2854:
2838:
2833:
2818:
2813:
2798:
2793:
2777:
2772:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2720:
2715:
2699:
2694:
2683:
2667:
2662:
2647:
2642:
2626:
2621:
2605:
2600:
2584:
2579:
2563:
2558:
2542:
2537:
2521:
2513:
2497:
2489:
2473:
2468:
2452:
2447:
2430:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2388:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2354:
2338:
2333:
2317:
2312:
2296:
2291:
2275:
2270:
2254:
2249:
2233:
2228:
2212:
2211:Otto Demus,
2207:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2175:Frank Sayers
2170:
2154:
2146:
2130:
2125:
2109:
2104:
2088:
2083:
2068:
2063:
2047:
2042:
2026:
2021:
2005:
2000:
1984:
1979:
1963:
1962:Jill Kamil,
1958:
1942:
1937:
1921:
1916:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1853:
1848:
1836:
1820:
1815:
1799:
1794:
1778:
1773:
1757:
1752:
1736:
1731:
1715:
1710:
1694:
1671:
1666:
1645:
1227:
1208:
1189:
1170:
1154:August Macke
1111:16th century
1017:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
986:
984:
979:
973:
971:
966:
960:
958:
946:
913:
874:
859:
851:Philadelphia
839:
824:
809:
805:coat of arms
801:
796:coat of arms
758:
726:
704:
702:
674:
665:
663:
648:
634:
601:
589:
587:
576:
562:
534:
524:
500:
489:
466:many of the
461:
428:
417:
396:
378:
368:
354:
339:
326:
313:
311:
281:
274:
239:
208:
206:
180:between the
178:Roman Empire
164:
140:
120:
118:
111:
108:Jean Bolland
86:
79:and angels,
77:St. Theodore
54:
46:Saint George
44:
26:
1873:John Foxe,
1277:on horses,
1124:Franz Pforr
1081:, 1505-1506
1051:panel, 1470
923:from harm.
883:become the
875:Due to the
872:, to 1910.
831:River Congo
822:, Germany.
781:Bernt Notke
694:Bernt Notke
682:Christian I
608:Middle Ages
579:iconography
509:. But when
478:and son of
352:in Venice.
284:Middle Ages
262:Pope Leo II
230:Virgin Mary
186:Caspian Sea
132:Cappadocian
100:Bollandists
57:Middle Ages
3243:Categories
3109:in England
3097:in Ossetia
3092:in Georgia
3087:Patronages
3065:In culture
2996:2020-08-21
2972:2020-08-21
2788:, page 218
2508:, page 122
2349:, page 105
2099:, page 274
1974:, page 276
1659:References
1357:Greek icon
1094:Tintoretto
1049:Altarpiece
741:idolatrous
733:Portuguese
698:Storkyrkan
668:) sung by
567:Tintoretto
516:Edward III
406:Church of
306:Georgslied
296:Georgslied
170:Cappadocia
166:Saint Nino
143:Diocletian
127:Diocletian
55:Since the
2678:, page 40
2553:, page 85
2404:, page 44
2383:, page 75
1843:271, 272.
1789:, page 67
1355:Byzantine
1294:Byzantine
1177:, c. 1580
1034:Paintings
937:Donatello
842:Mayflower
827:Diogo Cão
761:Donatello
692:sculptor
670:minstrels
655:Andromeda
631:Andromeda
535:São Jorge
527:crusaders
420:Pentecost
242:Byzantine
182:Black Sea
136:Palestine
3149:See also
3114:in Spain
3021:page 579
2947:Archived
2828:page 123
2710:page 135
2657:page 137
2637:page 116
2595:page 310
2574:page 120
2532:page 516
2484:page 238
2463:page 136
2442:page 216
2425:page 303
2307:page 102
2265:page 137
2244:page 410
2202:page 176
2165:page 227
2141:page 142
2078:page 568
2037:page 278
2016:page 345
1995:page 110
1953:page 119
1932:page 556
1911:page 141
1831:page 110
1810:page 117
1768:page 115
1726:page 546
1681:page 408
1642:See also
1629:Church,
1476:Orthodox
1429:Churches
1275:Theodore
1259:Theodore
1215:, Italy
941:Florence
939:, 1415,
916:Al-Khidr
765:Florence
749:Kottayam
696:for the
653:to free
569:, 1560,
525:English
464:Crusades
414:in 1260.
393:Anatolia
331:Euchaita
272:in 741.
244:general
228:and the
184:and the
39:Tel Aviv
2849:page 36
2767:page 26
2730:page 90
2616:page 99
2453:Perseus
2328:page 68
2286:page 21
2223:page 47
2120:page 48
2058:page 25
1864:page 87
1800:Belgium
1747:page 84
1705:page 69
1635:Austria
1495:Ukraine
1444:Gniezno
1375:Statues
1234:, 1564.
1109:Raphael
1079:Raphael
1047:German
820:Bavaria
812:Ferrara
779:carver
754:Edathua
747:, near
651:Perseus
645:, 1679.
633:from a
627:Perseus
468:Normans
424:Iconium
320:in the
254:Sakkaia
216:Shrines
202:Georgia
159:Georgia
92:Bergamo
3017:
2916:
2886:
2845:
2824:
2808:page 2
2804:
2784:
2763:
2726:
2706:
2674:
2653:
2633:
2612:
2591:
2570:
2549:
2528:
2504:
2480:
2459:
2438:
2421:
2400:
2379:
2345:
2324:
2303:
2282:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2198:
2161:
2137:
2116:
2095:
2074:
2054:
2033:
2012:
1991:
1970:
1949:
1928:
1907:
1860:
1827:
1806:
1785:
1764:
1743:
1722:
1701:
1677:
1572:Sicily
1568:Modica
1553:Altars
1518:Venice
1468:Surami
1448:Poland
1417:Prague
1403:Berlin
1389:Zagreb
1300:Greece
1298:Athens
1257:, St.
1156:, 1912
1126:, 1811
1010:Novena
897:Druzes
889:Elijah
879:, two
835:Brazil
816:Valais
777:Lübeck
737:Kerala
729:Syriac
690:Lübeck
643:Louvre
629:frees
531:Lisbon
474:, the
470:under
318:Schwaz
226:Christ
190:Mcxeta
96:Jesuit
50:saints
1695:Icons
1631:Tyrol
1613:India
1595:Italy
1576:Italy
1541:India
1522:Italy
1240:Icons
1230:, by
1192:, by
998:And:
920:Druze
885:Druze
771:. In
637:, by
598:Genoa
565:, by
439:Siena
387:. As
371:, by
322:Tyrol
316:near
258:Syria
35:Lydda
3015:ISBN
2914:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2822:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2782:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2672:ISBN
2651:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2589:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2457:ISBN
2436:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2398:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2343:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2301:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2052:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1007:The
959:The
905:Baal
794:The
505:and
312:The
248:put
849:in
657:in
615:in
437:in
399:".
290:on
168:of
3245::
2989:.
2965:.
2898:^
2866:^
2755:,
2520:,
2496:,
2177:,
2153:,
1686:^
1633:,
1611:,
1593:,
1574:,
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1211:,
1173:,
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102:.
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3050:e
3043:t
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2999:.
2975:.
2922:.
2892:.
1547:)
1543:(
1501:)
1497:(
1478:)
1474:(
1454:)
1450:(
943:.
573:.
161:.
41:.
20:)
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