411:, one of Fredrick's soldiers named Ludwig of Helfenstein reported that he had seen a white clad warrior, identified as Saint George, on a white horse attacking the Turks, and the chronicled accounts provide no evidence that anyone doubted him. On the evening of May 13, 1190, Frederick's troops were ordered to confess their sins and received penance. During the battle on May 14, the priests and bishops (at the risk of injury or death) went to the front, among the troops, to pray, wearing their white stoles that made them obvious targets for the Muslims. The invocation of Saint George for help had by then become the standard battle cry of the soldiers. The crusaders prevailed in the battle and captured
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384:, his troops were involved in group prayer and the bishops would hold camp-wide religious rites for them to strengthen their faith and morale. Priests would celebrate special votive Masses with the troops to pray for divine support. These Masses focused on Saint George and the soldiers always invoked him for he was said to appear whenever the crusaders were in their greatest need for help. In a letter sent to his son in November 1189, Fredrick stated that despite having superb troops, it was necessary for him to place his trust in prayers for divine assistance for: "
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48:, the story of the life of Saint George, both as fact and legend, has come to symbolize the victory of good over evil, and become part of local Christian traditions, festivals and celebrations that continue to date. Saint George has been widely represented in Christian art in multiple media and forms, from paintings and sculptures to stained glass and reliefs, through the ages, and has become the subject of multiple prayers and devotions. This article traces the origins, development and growth of the Christian devotions, traditions, and prayers to Saint George.
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Christ. I fervently implore thee for the sake of this love to help me by thy intercession to overcome the temptations that surround me, and to bear bravely the trials that oppress me, so that I may patiently carry the cross which is placed upon me; and let neither distress nor difficulties separate me from the love of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Valiant champion of the Faith, assist me in the combat against evil, that I may win the crown promised to them that persevere unto the end.
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41:, and is highly honored by both the Western and Eastern Churches. A wide range of devotions, traditions, and prayers to honor the saint have emerged throughout the centuries. He has for long been distinguished by the title of "The Great Martyr" and is one of the most popular saints to be represented in icons. Devotions to Saint George have a large following among Christians, and a large number of churches are dedicated to him worldwide.
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177:) in about 320. But she became a healer and confidant to the Queen of Iberia and spread Christianity and the story of Saint George. The Iberian King became a Christian after he was lost in the woods and found his way back by praying to Christ. Saint Nino initiated the construction of the first Christian Churches in east Georgia at
650:. And that the Andromeda episode in the life of Perseus may have helped shape the legend of Saint George and the dragon. The similarities extend to the visual representations, and many artistic portrayals of Saint George slaying the dragon have distinct counterparts in the renderings of Perseus and Andromeda.
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Images of the life and martyrdom of Saint George and the dragon legend began to appear in churches across Europe, including Sweden, where Saint George was portrayed as the hero and example of all noble young men who needed to be stimulated to show their virtue and bravery in the defense of princesses
956:
Almighty God, who gave to your servant George boldness to
Confess the Name of our Savior Jesus Christ before the rulers of this world, and courage to die for this faith: Grant that we may always be ready to give a reason for the hope that is in us, and to suffer gladly for the sake of our Lord Jesus
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community and a symbol of their enduring faith and resilience. Additionally, Saint George is regarded as a protector and healer in Druze tradition. The story of Saint George slaying the dragon is interpreted allegorically, representing the triumph of good over evil and the protection of the faithful
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Saint George came to be called on by
Christians to aid them in battle and in time of great need, and upon victory churches were built to honor him. Festivals celebrating the ensuing victories became part of local traditions and led to increased devotion to him. He was portrayed in art as a protector
1007:
Almighty and eternal God! With lively faith and reverently worshiping Thy divine
Majesty, I prostrate myself before Thee and invoke with filial trust Thy supreme bounty and mercy. Illumine the darkness of my intellect with a ray of Thy heavenly light and inflame my heart with the fire of Thy divine
991:
O GOD, who didst grant to Saint George strength and constancy in the various torments which he sustained for our holy faith; we beseech Thee to preserve, through his intercession, our faith from wavering and doubt, so that we may serve Thee with a sincere heart faithfully unto death. Through Christ
969:
St. George, Heroic
Catholic soldier and defender of your Faith, you dared to criticize a tyrannical Emperor and were subjected to horrible torture. You could have occupied a high military position but you preferred to die for your Lord. Obtain for us the great grace of heroic Christian courage that
599:
and helped spread the legend of the dragon. In De
Voragine's version of the legend, the dragon was in the city of Silena in the province of Libya in the Middle East. However, as the tales were carried across Europe, the location of the dragon varied. For instance in some German versions the dragon
982:
Faithful servant of God and invincible martyr, Saint George; favored by God with the gift of faith, and inflamed with an ardent love of Christ, thou didst fight valiantly against the dragon of pride, falsehood, and deceit. Neither pain nor torture, sword nor death could part thee from the love of
833:
sailed from
England to what would later become the United States, it flew the flag of Saint George, the patron saint of England. Over the next three centuries, pilgrims from Europe brought with them devotions to Saint George, and a large number churches were dedicated to him in the United States.
740:
in Kerala, the annual feast is dedicated to St. George, the patron saint of the church, and his ancient statue is still honored. The arrival of the
English after the Portuguese, added to the spread of devotions to the saint. Elsewhere in Kerala, the annual ten-day prayer feast at the massive 19th
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in the late third century, rather than the mythical King
Dadianus. A document found in the Vatican was signed by a witness Pascrates on April 23, which had previously been reported as the date of Saint George's execution, and had since become his feast day. The saint's father was established as a
313:
in
Austria is another example of a remote, but surviving shrine. By the tenth century a chapel was dedicated to Saint George on this mountain bluff that can only be reached on foot, and an abbey was established in 1138. Pilgrimages developed soon thereafter once a possible relic of the saint was
138:
of
Christians declared himself to be one and tore down the Emperor's edict in defiance. Saint George was tortured and dragged behind horses through the streets but would not renounce his Christian beliefs. The saint was then beheaded on April 23, 303. A significant number of conversions to
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Along with the construction of churches, creation of art and spread of legends, a number of genuine devotions and prayers to Saint George developed over the ages among Christians. These traditions and prayers continue across the world to date, e.g. in May 2008 the arch-priest of
200:
began to grow in popularity among Greek Egyptians and the devotion spread to other parts of Europe. By the sixth century Saint George had become the ideal Christian knight. In the seventh and eighth centuries stained glass windows in churches across Europe depicted him.
333:, Russia, was adorned with magnificent frescoes in 1167. From this early period, Saint George was seen both as a symbol of courage for keeping his faith in the face of death and, having been a soldier, as one of the warrior saints who was at times depicted with Saint
502:
was crusading in the Middle East in the twelfth century he had a vision of Saint George who promised him victory in the battle. Eventually Saint George was proclaimed the patron saint of England in the mid-thirteenth century and protector of the royal family by
435:
of their army. And in a wider context, he came to be seen, and was depicted in art, as "a protector", his raised sword symbolizing both protection and sacrifice. In some medieval paintings, Saint George even came to be represented as an intercessor to Christ.
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Saint George first appeared as the patron saint of Russia in 1415 and his popularity in Russia continued to grow. He grew to be so popular in Moscow that 41 churches there were dedicated to him. He is still represented on the
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and an annual festival that grew so large that it had to be moved to a larger location. As of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Saint George had come to be seen as the normal defender of the crusaders, and even the
538:
was specially devoted to the saint and declared him the patron saint of Portugal. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Portuguese explorers carried the devotion across the oceans to India and South America.
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in Southern India and statues to honor him were erected. However, before the fifteenth century arrival of the Portuguese, the Syrians had no tradition of sacred statues as they believed them to be
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reported and still thousands of pilgrims climb the mountain path each year. But not all churches dedicated to Saint George in the Middle ages were remote or built on a small budget. The Church of
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The fifteenth century also witnessed a significant amount of growth in the festivals and patronages for Saint George. As of 1411, San Giorgio's festival on April 24 was a main event in
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By the fifteenth century, the story of the courage of Saint George, and devotions to him, had spread across the world, from the southern parts of India to the northern parts of Russia.
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Some authors have pointed out that many scenes of the legend of Saint George's slaying of the dragon to save the princess correspond to the myth of the slaying of the "sea monster" by
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love that I may contemplate the great virtues and merits of the Saint in whose honor I make this novena, and following his example imitate, like him, the life of Thy Divine Son.
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and as a symbol of sacrifice, and the interplay of battle cries, prayers, artistic depictions and the construction of Churches in his honor led to increased devotion.
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at great expense and had truly imposing dimensions for any medieval structure. The techniques used in building the church signify the highest level of patronage.
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The saint's father died when he was young, and his mother inherited a large estate which she later descended to her son. He joined the army of the Roman Emperor
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Saint George was venerated in England as early as the eighth century and devotions to Saint George and shrines dedicated to him continued to grow during the
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803:, Italy, where he is still the patron saint of the town. Such festivals spread across Europe and became part of local traditions in villages from Turtman,
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of the city of Moscow as a knight on a white horse slaying a dragon with a spear. Today, a large number of statues of Saint George can be found in Moscow.
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in 1484. In the sixteenth century the Portuguese spread devotions to Saint George in South America, and today the saint remains popular in places such as
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Saint George thus came to be seen as the deliverer of prisoners and protector of the poor, and these sentiments are reflected in art that depicts him.
471:, took Saint George as their patron. Pendants bearing the image of Saint George were used for protection. The inscription on an enamel pendant at the
83:, was one of the first people to undertake a serious study of Saint George. But modern scholarship really began in the 17th century with the group of
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Daily Life in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages, By A. H. de Oliveira Marques, Vitor Andre, S. S. Wyatt Published by Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1971
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The invocation of Saint George as a protector during the Middle Ages is well exemplified by the conduct of the soldiers participating in the
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in 1260. Here, the pleas for help to Saint George and the ensuing victory led to donations by the soldiers for the construction of the
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By the late fifteenth century, as Portuguese ships sailed the seas, symbols of Saint George began to appear in new territories, with
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specifically asks the saint to protect the wearer in battle. Songs were composed to Saint George for the English peasantry, e.g.:
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does not have a specific warrior context, but simply asks God for divine assistance and the imitation of the life of the saint:
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to the intercession of Saint George, and in the aftermath commissioned a statue of Saint George and the Dragon carved by the
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and fused the story of the martyrdom of the saint with the Western legend of the liberation of the princess from the dragon.
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Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries
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It is not known when a church was first built on the site of martyrdom and burial of Saint George. But by the time of the
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But the early devotions to the saint were not limited to the northern countries. In the sixth century Saint George as the
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907:, is deeply integrated into various aspects of Druze culture and religious practices. He is seen as a guardian of the
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in the seventh century, a large three-aisled basilica existed, with the martyr's tomb located beneath the main altar.
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around 1260. By the fourteenth century the Golden legend had become one of the most popular religious works of the
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and legendary traditions associated with Saint George and many festivals that celebrate him involve the legend of
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a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the
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161:, who was probably a relative of Saint George on her father's side, was taken as a slave woman and was moved to
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in the twelfth century, brought the devotion to Saint George to Portugal with them. By the fourteenth century "
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directly refers to the courage it took for the saint to confess his Christianity before opposing authority:
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337:. Saint George and Saint Theodore continued to be represented together in many churches, e.g. in mosaics in
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and won over them. In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druzes were attracted to
865:
764:, an exceptionally lifelike monumental wooden statue of Saint George was erected by the fifteenth century
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In Russia, the story of Saint George and the Dragon passed through the oral tradition of religious poems (
608:. In these legends, Saint George slays a dragon to liberate a princess and is thanked by the town people.
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in the fourteenth century. More than 190 Medieval churches in England were dedicated to Saint George, and
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The association of Saint George with the dragon was not attested to until the twelfth century version of
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After multiple attempts by hagiographers, the time of Saint George's life was firmly established in the
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842:, which dates to 1784 and is the oldest Methodist church still in use in the United States. To date,
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The earliest dated Church dedicated to Saint George himself was first mentioned in 518. In Rome, the
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would come to the area above the village of Ebingen and would disappear into the southern slope of
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249:, in 549, the local bishop and two of his deacons built a martyrion dedicated to Saint George.
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and it inspired other scholars to dispense with Medieval myths and perform detailed studies.
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Impressive Saint George statues began to appear across Europe after the fourteenth century.
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striking down the dragon became one of the most popular subjects in Orthodox icon painting.
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A King is saved by the Grace of the Eternal King which exceeds the merits of any individual
364:, c 1890. Prayers to Saint George here in 1190 were the battle cry of the Christian forces.
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Devotions and churches dedicated to Saint George continued to spread to other continents.
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Christ; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
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Christianity were reported after his martyrdom which led to his continued veneration.
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Many churches were decorated with images of the saint, e.g. St. George's church in
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church in Stockholm, as an obvious allegory of Sture's battle against Christian.
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Kerala Christian sainthood: collisions of culture and worldview in South India
1082:
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686:
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294:
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287:(Song of Saint George) was composed there as a set of hymns to Saint George.
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257:, which housed some of the saint's reported relics, was dedicated to him by
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880:. Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central
745:(which resembles the Medieval churches of Europe) attracts many pilgrims.
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The International Year of the Book: St. George Day on Staten Island 2011
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526:" (i.e. St. George) had become the battle cry of Portuguese troops and
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pagan senator Gerontius and his mother Polychronia as a Christian from
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1391:
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had adopted the insignia of Saint George, from which the country of
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and Henschen provided a good account of the life of Saint George in
945:, India, holds prayers of intercession to Saint George every week.
2899:
Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean
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589:, helped promote the legend of the dragon with his publication of
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Franciscans in Sweden: Medieval Remnants of Franciscan Activities
941:, called on all parishioners to pray to Saint George every day.
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and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of
818:
placing a pillar dedicated to the saint at the opening of the
213:
Fresco of Saint George (with his white horse) standing beside
23:
1877:
The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints
903:
The reverence for Saint George, who is often identified with
772:, an exact copy of which can be found in his hometown in the
225:, the first Church dedicated to Saint George in Rome, in 741.
2349:
Ancient Poems, Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England
2808:
Voices of the magi: enchanted journeys in southeast Brazil
724:
brought the legend of the pious and brave Saint George to
566:
After the thirteenth century, a large portion of the art,
665:
and in confession of the true belief. The Swedish regent
253:
built a church for Saint George in 683 and the Church of
581:(Codex Romanus Angelicus 46, pt. 12, written in Greek).
283:
in Germany was founded in 888 and in about the year 900
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The same sentiment is present within the following two
399:, built by donations from soldiers upon the victory at
876:'s favorite venerated figures: Saint George and Saint
318:, now partially excavated, was built by the bishop of
2788:
The Portuguese empire, 1415–1808: a world on the move
2892:
2890:
2888:
2710:
Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend
3137:
3053:
2223:
Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia
185:stands today. By the end of the sixth century, the
2848:http://www.etgstores.com/bookcafe/stgeorgeday.html
2170:Published by Matchett and Stevenson, 1808 page 126
2037:The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
2016:The popes and the papacy in the early Middle Ages
1810:The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition
146:St. George on the coat of arms of the country of
2058:Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices
1747:Relics, prayer, and politics in medieval Venetia
2511:Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins
2362:Stained glass in England during the Middle Ages
2183:Published by UPenn Museum of Archaeology, 2007
989:
511:bearing his image could be found in many more.
114:as being during the reign of the Roman Emperor
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
888:appreciated the two saints for their bravery:
708:Depiction of 15th-century Portuguese explorer
3031:
2120:Christian Pilgrimage in Modern Western Europe
900:that resemble their own militarized society.
890:Saint George because he confronted the dragon
8:
1526:St. George Orthodox Church Puthuppally Pally
1890:A sociological history of Christian worship
447:'s "Lyfe of Seynt George" Westminster 1515.
275:across Europe. Saint George's Abbey on the
3038:
3024:
3016:
2871:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 310–314.
2202:The mosaic decoration of San Marco, Venice
2618:Published by Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 1998
2078:The Oxford Companion to German Literature
1866:, Published by J.P. Peaslee, 1834 page 57
752:'s 1415 bronze statue of Saint George in
2330:Published by Taylor & Francis, 1996
1953:Christianity in the land of the pharaohs
943:St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, New Delhi
756:, Italy, is considered a masterpiece of
352:
241:under the saint's protection in 527. In
208:
17:
3170:St. George's Cathedral (disambiguation)
3000:Litanies and Novenas for Your Salvation
1652:
1545:
1421:
1367:
1309:
1232:
1149:
1026:
720:Christians (who arrived first) and the
585:, the thirteenth-century archbishop of
2385:Published by Marshall Cavendish, 2001
2265:Siena, Civil Religion, and the Sienese
1995:Hellenic religion and Christianization
1705:Art Through the Ages: A Global History
970:should mark soldiers of Christ. Amen.
37:is one of Christianity's most popular
3175:St George's Hospital (disambiguation)
3155:St. George's College (disambiguation)
2351:, Published by J.W. Parker, page 168.
7:
3160:St. George's School (disambiguation)
2597:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1977,
2555:Published by Forgotten Books, 1928,
2513:Biblo & Tannen Publishers, 1974
2099:German, a linguistic history to 1945
836:St. George's United Methodist Church
490:Early patron saints in England were
322:in the early eleventh century under
3165:St George's Church (disambiguation)
2732:, Taylor and Francis Press, page 77
2659:, Oxford University Press US, 2001
2204:University of Chicago Press, 1988,
1791:, Published by Marshall Cavendish,
1726:The archeology of the New Testament
1301:St. George and scenes of his life.
418:Another example is provided by the
2769:, Published by BiblioBazaar, 2008
2534:University of Toronto Press, 2004
2465:Princeton University Press, 1995,
2144:The New Cambridge medieval history
1913:, Published by Cosimo, Inc., 2005
1879:Published by Duffy, 1845, page 235
1845:, Published by Cosimo, Inc., 2005
1770:, Published by BiblioBazaar, 2008
866:Christian influence on Druze faith
807:, in Switzerland to Traunstein in
483:Of all the knights in Christendom,
14:
3071:Devotions, traditions and prayers
2867:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017).
2307:Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia
2146:Cambridge University Press, 2004
2039:Cambridge University Press, 1998
1932:Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia
1911:A History of the Christian Church
1892:Cambridge University Press, 2005
1843:A History of the Christian Church
1749:Princeton University Press, 1997
1686:, Harvard University Press, 2007
855:St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town
669:attributed his victory over King
3210:
3198:
3128:
1976:Published by Loyola Press, 1985
1830:Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca
1636:
1608:
1590:
1571:
1548:
1518:
1495:
1472:
1448:
1424:
1398:
1384:
1370:
1351:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1294:
1275:
1255:
1235:
1209:
1190:
1171:
1152:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1060:
1045:
1029:
859:Saint George's Church, Singapore
530:attributed their victory in the
481:Saint George he was a knight, O!
127:, who raised him as a believer.
111:Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca
2901:. Routledge. pp. 197–200.
2830:, Published by Scholastic 1999
2593:Boris Pasternak, Donald Davie,
2244:Religion and the conduct of war
1598:St. George's Cathedral, Chennai
1013:Gallery of art and architecture
741:century St. George's Church in
734:St. George's Church, Aruvithura
700:Worldwide devotions and statues
297:, hymns to St. George, c. 1000.
2748:Oxford University Press, 2009
2101:Oxford University Press, 1985
2080:Oxford University Press, 1997
1972:Sister Mary Kathleen Glavich,
1864:History of Christian martyrdom
518:who helped in the conquest of
60:St. George with the enthroned
1:
3145:Locales named after St George
2730:The Art and Artists of Russia
2489:, Greenwood Publishing, 2004
2444:Published by Routledge, 2008
2364:Published by Routledge, 1993
2018:Published by Routledge, 1979
1955:Published by Routledge, 2002
1262:Conquering Saints George and
851:St. George's Cathedral, Perth
732:. In Indian churches such as
485:Saint George is the right, O!
79:, the 16th century Bishop of
3002:Published by Lulu.com, 2007
2922:Saint George's Basilica News
2746:Music in Renaissance Ferrara
2691:Yale University Press, 2007
2689:Renaissance Art Reconsidered
2574:History: Fiction Or Science?
2532:Biblical and classical myths
2406:Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004
2225:Published by ABC-CLIO, 2005
2181:Master Builders of Byzantium
1480:St. George's Cathedral, Lviv
1250:and angels, late 6th century
1179:St. George Dragged by Horses
939:St. George's Basilica, Malta
857:, South Africa, to 1901 and
853:, Australia, dates to 1888,
787:of Moscow with Saint George.
451:During the eleventh century
22:The tomb of Saint George in
3061:Saint George and the Dragon
2998:Susanna Magdalene Flavius,
2767:Festivals of Western Europe
2595:The Poems of Doctor Zhivago
1768:Festivals of Western Europe
1303:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1268:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1217:The Martyrdom of St. George
1202:St. George's Oratory, Padua
1198:The Beheading of St. George
694:Saint George the Victorious
572:Saint George and the Dragon
181:, including a church where
70:Saint Catherine's Monastery
3269:
2576:Published by Mithec, 2005
2328:Dictionary of Christianity
1808:Christopher Walter, 2003,
1319:Russian icon, 15th century
712:landing in India, c. 1880.
443:Woodcut Frontispiece from
3193:
3180:George, Martyr of Córdoba
3126:
1997:Published by BRILL, 1994
1934:, Penn State Press, 1998
1331:16th-century Russian icon
1160:The Torture of St. George
844:St. George, Staten Island
552:St. George and the Dragon
277:Reichenau monastic island
2956:www.catholic-saints.info
2952:"Prayer to Saint George"
2404:Holy people of the world
1728:, Taylor & Francis,
303:Sankt Georgenberg Shrine
183:Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
136:Diocletianic Persecution
3150:St. George's University
2786:A. J. R. Russell-Wood,
2553:Dragons and Dragon Lore
2309:Penn State Press, 1998
2288:Penn State Press, 2006
1358:17th-century Greek icon
1130:, mid-late 19th century
976:Prayers of Intercession
963:Prayers to Saint George
673:of Denmark in the 1471
579:Miracula Sancti Georgii
316:Saint George at Mangana
3248:Roman Catholic prayers
3205:Catholicism portal
3113:George's Day in Autumn
3108:George's Day in Spring
2933:Saint Mary's Cathedral
2806:Suzel Ana Reily, 2002
2677:Kerala Tourism website
2635:Vladimir Lossky, 1982
2263:Gerald Parsons, 2004,
1909:F. J. Foakes-Jackson,
1841:F. J. Foakes-Jackson,
1787:Robert Pateman, 2006,
1643:Catholicism portal
1010:
994:
985:
972:
959:
950:Prayer to Saint George
933:
788:
713:
635:
563:
534:to Saint George. King
488:
479:As for Saint George O'
448:
404:
378:Frederick I Barbarossa
365:
349:Battles and patronages
298:
255:San Giorgio in Velabro
226:
223:San Giorgio in Velabro
165:(a remote part of the
151:
73:
31:
3253:Saint George (martyr)
3243:Fourteen Holy Helpers
2461:Jacobus de Voragine,
1974:Saints and Feast Days
1661:Traditional Festivals
1659:Christian Roy, 2005,
1488:Catholic Eastern Rite
1455:St. George's Church,
1431:St. George's Church,
1270:, 9th or 10th century
1244:Virgin Mary and Child
1053:Rogier van der Weyden
1018:Paintings and statues
1005:
980:
967:
954:
923:
829:In 1620, as the ship
782:
707:
614:
550:
532:Battle of Aljubarrota
500:Richard the Lionheart
477:
469:William the Conqueror
442:
424:Church of San Giorgio
394:
356:
293:
212:
145:
62:Virgin Mary and Child
59:
21:
3066:Saint George's Cross
2897:Ferg, Erica (2020).
2728:Richard Hare, 1965,
2708:Mike Kennedy, 1998,
2637:The Meaning of Icons
2487:Folk and fairy tales
2246:Boydell Press, 2003
2140:Rosamond McKitterick
1888:Martin D. Stringer,
1812:Ashgate Publishing,
1724:Jack Finegan, 1981,
1703:Fred Kleiner, 2008,
1578:San Giorgio Church,
1555:San Giorgio Church,
1503:San Giorgio Maggiore
1285:icon of St. George,
1242:St. George with the
774:St. Catherine Church
675:Battle of Brunkeberg
667:Sten Sture the Elder
496:Edward the Confessor
420:Battle of Montaperti
401:Battle of Montaperti
372:in 1190, during the
239:Porta San Sebastiano
198:Martyr of Cappadocia
87:scholars called the
2980:st-george-medal.com
2347:James Dixon, 1857,
2284:Bissera Pentcheva,
2179:Robert Ousterhout,
1461:Republic of Georgia
1413:Churches and altars
916:Prayers and novenas
762:Stockholm Cathedral
583:Jacobus de Voragine
72:, late 6th century.
52:History and origins
3238:Catholic devotions
3093:Saint George's Day
2976:"St. George Medal"
2938:2009-05-04 at the
2687:Carol Richardson,
2551:Ernest Ingersoll,
2014:Jeffrey Richards,
1183:Bernardo Martorell
934:
789:
714:
636:
602:Schonberg mountain
564:
536:John I of Portugal
449:
407:A few days before
405:
397:San Giorgio, Siena
366:
362:Hermann Wislicenus
339:St Mark's Basilica
335:Theodore of Amasea
299:
235:Flavius Belisarius
227:
193:derived its name.
152:
77:Aloysius Lippomani
74:
32:
3225:
3224:
3217:Saints portal
2717:978-1-57607-130-4
2655:Corinne Dempsey,
2644:978-0-913836-99-6
2614:Henrik Roelvink,
2572:Anatoly Fomenko,
2507:Joseph Fontenrose
2471:978-0-691-00153-1
2463:The Golden Legend
2402:Phyllis Jestice,
2305:Antony Eastmond,
1930:Antony Eastmond,
1668:978-1-57607-089-5
1616:Antholz-Mittertal
978:to Saint George:
592:The Golden Legend
543:Tales and legends
492:Edmund the Martyr
445:Alexander Barclay
415:on May 16, 1190.
370:Battle of Iconium
358:Battle at Iconium
221:at the Church of
3260:
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2894:
2883:
2882:
2864:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2828:On the Mayflower
2824:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2784:
2778:
2765:Dorothy Spicer,
2763:
2757:
2739:
2733:
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2383:Medieval England
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2242:David Bachrach,
2240:
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2198:
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2177:
2171:
2168:Collective Works
2161:
2155:
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2122:UNC Press, 1992
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1766:Dorothy Spicer,
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1707:Wadsworth Press
1701:
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1580:Bormida, Liguria
1575:
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1513:(Roman Catholic)
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974:There is also a
924:Saint George by
870:Christian saints
560:National Gallery
465:Duke of Normandy
380:marched through
93:Daniel Papebroch
26:, just south of
3268:
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3185:Synod of Oxford
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2940:Wayback Machine
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2360:Richard Marks,
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2286:Icons and Power
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2221:Christian Roy,
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2075:
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2056:Ann Ball, 2003
2055:
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2035:Denys Pringle,
2034:
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2013:
2009:
1993:Frank Trombley
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1682:Robin Cormack,
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1534:Indian Orthodox
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1020:
1015:
1001:to Saint George
992:our Lord. Amen.
918:
702:
655:dukhovny stikhi
648:Greek mythology
545:
528:Saint Constable
486:
484:
482:
480:
461:Robert Curthose
433:standard-bearer
351:
266:Muslim conquest
207:
187:Kings of Iberia
134:but during the
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2742:Lewis Lockwood
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2483:D. L. Ashliman
2475:
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2440:Daniel Ogden,
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2298:
2277:
2267:Ashgate Press
2256:
2235:
2214:
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2118:Sidney Nolan,
2111:
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2076:Mary Garland,
2069:
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2007:
1986:
1965:
1944:
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1902:
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1875:Alban Butler,
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1305:, 13th century
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1227:
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1225:
1221:Paolo Veronese
1215:
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1189:
1187:
1185:, 15th century
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:Michael Coxcie
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1128:Gustave Moreau
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1085:, 16th century
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1055:, 15th century
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1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
917:
914:
898:warrior saints
834:Among them is
758:Florentine art
710:Vasco da Gamma
701:
698:
628:Pierre Mignard
624:marine monster
544:
541:
473:British Museum
350:
347:
331:Staraya Ladoga
324:Constantine IX
281:Lake Constance
259:Pope Zacharias
206:
203:
163:ancient Iberia
102:Acta Sanctorum
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2836:0-439-09941-2
2833:
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2826:Kate Waters,
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2815:0-226-70941-8
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2447:
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2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:0-299-05584-1
2426:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:1-57607-355-6
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:0-7614-0308-6
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:0-415-03345-4
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:1-884964-49-4
2333:
2329:
2326:Jean Cooper,
2323:
2320:
2316:
2315:0-271-01628-0
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:0-271-02551-4
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:0-7546-1516-2
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:0-85115-944-3
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:1-57607-089-1
2228:
2224:
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2211:
2210:0-226-14291-4
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:1-934536-03-2
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:0-521-41411-3
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:0-8078-4389-X
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:0-19-815795-9
2104:
2100:
2097:C. J. Wells,
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:0-19-815896-3
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:0-87973-910-X
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:0-521-39037-0
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:0-7100-0098-7
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:90-04-09691-4
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:0-8294-0505-4
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:0-415-24253-3
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:0-271-01628-0
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:1-59605-452-2
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:0-521-81955-5
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:1-59605-452-2
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:1-84014-694-X
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:0-7614-2059-2
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:1-4375-2015-4
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:0-691-01175-3
1752:
1748:
1745:Thomas Dale,
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:0-7099-1006-1
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:0-495-41060-8
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:0-674-02619-5
1689:
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1656:
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931:
927:
922:
915:
913:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Mount Lebanon
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
832:
827:
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633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
607:
606:Liechtenstein
603:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
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537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
509:stained glass
506:
501:
497:
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487:
476:
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470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
441:
437:
434:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
402:
398:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:Third Crusade
371:
363:
359:
355:
348:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
308:
304:
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288:
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269:
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224:
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216:
211:
204:
202:
199:
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168:
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156:
149:
144:
140:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
117:
113:
112:
106:
104:
103:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
67:
63:
58:
51:
49:
47:
42:
40:
36:
29:
25:
20:
16:
3118:in Palestine
3070:
3047:Saint George
2999:
2994:
2983:. Retrieved
2979:
2970:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:
2946:
2928:
2917:
2898:
2868:
2843:
2827:
2822:
2807:
2802:
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2782:
2766:
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2745:
2737:
2729:
2724:
2709:
2704:
2688:
2683:
2672:
2656:
2651:
2636:
2631:
2615:
2610:
2594:
2589:
2573:
2568:
2552:
2547:
2531:
2526:
2510:
2502:
2486:
2478:
2462:
2457:
2441:
2436:
2419:
2403:
2398:
2382:
2377:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2327:
2322:
2306:
2301:
2285:
2280:
2264:
2259:
2243:
2238:
2222:
2217:
2201:
2200:Otto Demus,
2196:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2164:Frank Sayers
2159:
2143:
2135:
2119:
2114:
2098:
2093:
2077:
2072:
2057:
2052:
2036:
2031:
2015:
2010:
1994:
1989:
1973:
1968:
1952:
1951:Jill Kamil,
1947:
1931:
1926:
1910:
1905:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1842:
1837:
1825:
1809:
1804:
1788:
1783:
1767:
1762:
1746:
1741:
1725:
1720:
1704:
1699:
1683:
1660:
1655:
1634:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1159:
1143:August Macke
1100:16th century
1006:
997:
995:
990:
986:
981:
975:
973:
968:
962:
960:
955:
949:
947:
935:
902:
863:
848:
840:Philadelphia
828:
813:
798:
794:coat of arms
790:
785:coat of arms
747:
715:
693:
691:
663:
654:
652:
637:
623:
590:
578:
576:
565:
551:
523:
513:
489:
478:
455:many of the
450:
417:
406:
385:
367:
357:
343:
328:
315:
302:
300:
270:
263:
228:
197:
195:
169:between the
167:Roman Empire
153:
129:
109:
107:
100:
97:Jean Bolland
75:
68:and angels,
66:St. Theodore
43:
35:Saint George
33:
15:
1862:John Foxe,
1266:on horses,
1113:Franz Pforr
1070:, 1505-1506
1040:panel, 1470
912:from harm.
872:become the
864:Due to the
861:, to 1910.
820:River Congo
811:, Germany.
770:Bernt Notke
683:Bernt Notke
671:Christian I
597:Middle Ages
568:iconography
498:. But when
467:and son of
341:in Venice.
273:Middle Ages
251:Pope Leo II
219:Virgin Mary
175:Caspian Sea
121:Cappadocian
89:Bollandists
46:Middle Ages
3232:Categories
3098:in England
3086:in Ossetia
3081:in Georgia
3076:Patronages
3054:In culture
2985:2020-08-21
2961:2020-08-21
2777:, page 218
2497:, page 122
2338:, page 105
2088:, page 274
1963:, page 276
1648:References
1346:Greek icon
1083:Tintoretto
1038:Altarpiece
730:idolatrous
722:Portuguese
687:Storkyrkan
657:) sung by
556:Tintoretto
505:Edward III
395:Church of
295:Georgslied
285:Georgslied
159:Cappadocia
155:Saint Nino
132:Diocletian
116:Diocletian
44:Since the
2667:, page 40
2542:, page 85
2393:, page 44
2372:, page 75
1832:271, 272.
1778:, page 67
1344:Byzantine
1283:Byzantine
1166:, c. 1580
1023:Paintings
926:Donatello
831:Mayflower
816:Diogo Cão
750:Donatello
681:sculptor
659:minstrels
644:Andromeda
620:Andromeda
524:São Jorge
516:crusaders
409:Pentecost
231:Byzantine
171:Black Sea
125:Palestine
3138:See also
3103:in Spain
3010:page 579
2936:Archived
2817:page 123
2699:page 135
2646:page 137
2626:page 116
2584:page 310
2563:page 120
2521:page 516
2473:page 238
2452:page 136
2431:page 216
2414:page 303
2296:page 102
2254:page 137
2233:page 410
2191:page 176
2154:page 227
2130:page 142
2067:page 568
2026:page 278
2005:page 345
1984:page 110
1942:page 119
1921:page 556
1900:page 141
1820:page 110
1799:page 117
1757:page 115
1715:page 546
1670:page 408
1631:See also
1618:Church,
1465:Orthodox
1418:Churches
1264:Theodore
1248:Theodore
1204:, Italy
930:Florence
928:, 1415,
905:Al-Khidr
754:Florence
738:Kottayam
685:for the
642:to free
558:, 1560,
514:English
453:Crusades
403:in 1260.
382:Anatolia
320:Euchaita
261:in 741.
233:general
217:and the
173:and the
28:Tel Aviv
2838:page 36
2756:page 26
2719:page 90
2605:page 99
2442:Perseus
2317:page 68
2275:page 21
2212:page 47
2109:page 48
2047:page 25
1853:page 87
1789:Belgium
1736:page 84
1694:page 69
1624:Austria
1484:Ukraine
1433:Gniezno
1364:Statues
1223:, 1564.
1098:Raphael
1068:Raphael
1036:German
809:Bavaria
801:Ferrara
768:carver
743:Edathua
736:, near
640:Perseus
634:, 1679.
622:from a
616:Perseus
457:Normans
413:Iconium
309:in the
243:Sakkaia
205:Shrines
191:Georgia
148:Georgia
81:Bergamo
3006:
2905:
2875:
2834:
2813:
2797:page 2
2793:
2773:
2752:
2715:
2695:
2663:
2642:
2622:
2601:
2580:
2559:
2538:
2517:
2493:
2469:
2448:
2427:
2410:
2389:
2368:
2334:
2313:
2292:
2271:
2250:
2229:
2208:
2187:
2150:
2126:
2105:
2084:
2063:
2043:
2022:
2001:
1980:
1959:
1938:
1917:
1896:
1849:
1816:
1795:
1774:
1753:
1732:
1711:
1690:
1666:
1561:Sicily
1557:Modica
1542:Altars
1507:Venice
1457:Surami
1437:Poland
1406:Prague
1392:Berlin
1378:Zagreb
1289:Greece
1287:Athens
1246:, St.
1145:, 1912
1115:, 1811
999:Novena
886:Druzes
878:Elijah
868:, two
824:Brazil
805:Valais
766:Lübeck
726:Kerala
718:Syriac
679:Lübeck
632:Louvre
618:frees
520:Lisbon
463:, the
459:under
307:Schwaz
215:Christ
179:Mcxeta
85:Jesuit
39:saints
1684:Icons
1620:Tyrol
1602:India
1584:Italy
1565:Italy
1530:India
1511:Italy
1229:Icons
1219:, by
1181:, by
987:And:
909:Druze
874:Druze
760:. In
626:, by
587:Genoa
554:, by
428:Siena
376:. As
360:, by
311:Tyrol
305:near
247:Syria
24:Lydda
3004:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2832:ISBN
2811:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2750:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2599:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2557:ISBN
2536:ISBN
2515:ISBN
2491:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2425:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1664:ISBN
996:The
948:The
894:Baal
783:The
494:and
301:The
237:put
838:in
646:in
604:in
426:in
388:".
279:on
157:of
3234::
2978:.
2954:.
2887:^
2855:^
2744:,
2509:,
2485:,
2166:,
2142:,
1675:^
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1600:,
1582:,
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1200:,
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1536:)
1532:(
1490:)
1486:(
1467:)
1463:(
1443:)
1439:(
932:.
562:.
150:.
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
