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1374:, took over the new commercial networks of the interior, marginalizing the Métis traders in the process. Saint-Louis nonetheless maintained its status as capital of the Colony of Senegal even after Dakar assumed the role of capital of the French West Africa federation. The colonial institutions set up in the city in the 19th century, such as the Muslim Tribunal and the School for Chiefs' Sons, were to play important roles in the history of French Africa. Though relatively small in size (population of 10,000 in 1826; 23,000 in 1914, and 39,000 in 1955) Saint-Louis dominated Senegalese politics throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, not least because of its numerous political parties and associations and its independent newspapers.
1296:", or bourgeois women entrepreneurs, grew up in Saint-Louis during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Métis were important to the economic, social, cultural and political life of the city. They created a distinctive urban culture characterized by public displays of elegance, refined entertainment and popular festivities. They controlled most of the up-country river trade and they financed the principal Catholic institutions. A Métis mayor was first designated by the Governor in 1778. Civic franchise was further consolidated in 1872, when Saint-Louis became a French "commune".
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Saint-Louis' characteristic colonial architecture along with its regular town plan, its location on an island at the mouth of the
Senegal River and the system of quays, gives Saint-Louis the distinctive appearance and identity that have raised the Island to the rank of world heritage since 2000. The
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Following independence, when Dakar became sole capital of the country, Saint-Louis slipped into a state of lethargy. As its French population and military departed, many of the town's shops, offices and businesses closed. The loss of jobs, human potential, and investment caused its economic decline.
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Saint Louis is famous for its urban culture. The heritage of the signares lives on in the city's many festivals and its cultivated sense of public display, and it is helping Saint-Louis emerge from decades of neglect. "Fanals", which are night-time processions of giant paper lanterns, take place at
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Between 2016 and 2017, Saint-Louis experienced a large decline in the catch of fish brought in, causing ripple effects on nutrition and food supply in the country, where 75% of animal protein comes from fish. Fisherman from the community spend twice as much time for catching smaller hauls, and are
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Beyond tourism, Saint-Louis is also a commercial and an industrial centre for sugar production. Its other economic activities are fishing, irrigated alluvial agriculture, pastoral farming, trading and exportation of peanut skins. It is important to note that each of these economic activities is
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prompted the removal of the fort to the island known to locals as Ndar in 1659. The island was uninhabited at the time, supposedly because the local people believed it to be haunted by spirits. The Diagne of Sor, the local leader, permitted French settlement on the island for annual payments of
1348:, who became the Governor of the Colony of Senegal in 1854, contributed greatly to the development and modernization of Saint Louis. His large-scale projects included the building of bridges, provisioning of fresh drinking water, and the construction of an overland telegraph line to
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The world's third largest ornithological park, it is located 60 kilometers north of Saint-Louis. This park occupies over 120 km and includes part of the river, and many lakes, basins, and marshes. About 3 million migrating birds of 400 species visit it each year.
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This park, which is 20 square kilometres large, occupies the southern point of the Langue de
Barbarie, the estuary of the Senegal river and part of the continent. It hosts thousands of water birds like cormorants, brushes, pink flamingos, pelicans, herons and ducks each year.
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live in the inland and practice pastoral farming. The Maures who are migrants from
Mauritania (Saint-Louis is less than 10 kilometres or 6 miles south of the border with Mauritania) are mostly merchants, traders and shopkeepers found everywhere in Saint Louis.
509:. The Langue de Barbarie is the location of the seaside neighborhoods Ndar Toute and Guet Ndar. On the mainland, the east bank of the river is the site of Sor, an older settlement now considered a suburb of Saint-Louis. It is nearly surrounded by
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and a failed 2004 river and tidal canal project as the cause. According to a
Senegalese government study, up to 80% of the city could be at risk of flooding by 2080. As of 2020, the coast of the community has eroded by 1–2 meters a year.
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The loss of its past status meant less recognition and lack of interest from the colony's officials and, after
Senegal's independence, from the Senegalese government. When its most famous political son, the French-educated lawyer
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The Island of Saint-Louis, a former capital of West Africa, is an outstanding example of a colonial city, characterized by its particular natural setting, and it illustrates the development of colonial government in this region.
366:
is expected to threaten the city center and potential damage historical parts of the city; According to a
Senegalese government study, up to 80% of the city could be at risk of flooding by 2080. Moreover, other issues such as
354:, but it is less important now. However, it still has important industries, including tourism, a commercial center, a center of sugar production, and fishing. The tourism industry is in part due to the city being listed as a
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Saint-Louis' Research Center and
Documentation Museum of Senegal offers interesting panoramas of Senegal's history and ethnic movements over the years, expositions of traditional clothes and musical instruments, etc.
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and other
Hassani tribal states, which disrupted the flow of gum. Nevertheless, with the removal of trade restrictions in 1848 and in 1853, exports soared. When war again broke out in 1854, the Arab Emirs forbade the
1441:
Saint Louis has economically declined since the transfer of the capital to Dakar, but has remained an important tourist and trading center. The city's economy, though not entirely recovered, is gradually reviving.
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The
Festival Métissons, held for the first time in 2010, is a grassroots music festival organized by local communities and small businesses. Every edition sports international, national and local musical talent.
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The historic town of Saint-Louis exhibits an important exchange of values and influences on the development of education and culture, architecture, craftsmanship, and services in a large part of West Africa.
572:). It only has two seasons, the rainy season from June to October, characterized by heat, humidity and storms, and the dry season from November to May, characterized by cool ocean breeze and dust from the
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assured by a particular ethnic group. The Wolofs and Lebous who are the main inhabitants of Saint-Louis are mostly fishermen that live in fishing communities like Guet-Ndar on the Langue de
Barbarie. The
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in 2000 and cultural tourism has become an engine of growth. As a result, a process of gentrification has set in, with many historic buildings on the island being turned into restaurants and hotels.
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now threaten the low-lying islands which make up the city. An ill-fated 2003 canal project exacerbated flooding issues, leading to submerged neighborhoods. In June 2008, Alioune Badiane of the
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in 1758. In February 1779, French forces recaptured Saint-Louis. In the late 18th century, Saint-Louis had about 5,000 inhabitants, not counting an indeterminate number of slaves in transit.
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The heart of the old colonial city is located on a narrow island a little more than 2 km (1.2 mi) long but only about 400 m (1,300 ft) wide. The island lies in the
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The annual reggata, or pirogue race organized by teams of fishermen from Guet-Ndar, takes place on the "little branch" of the river, between Ndar Island and the Langue de Barbarie.
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1493:. Thanks to its distinctive appearance, numerous sites of attraction and its international music festivals and cultural exhibitions, Saint-Louis attracts many tourists each year.
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Part of the Sahel, a transitional desertic band that separates " the dunes of the Sahara from the baobabs of the savanna", Saint-Louis' landscape is characterized by occasional
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The marshes are flood basins that form during the rainy season when the river overflows into the countryside, creating ponds and stretches of mangroves that attract birds like
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Culture constitutes an important part of Saint-Louis' economy. The city preserves much of its 19th-century morphology, reminiscent of other cities of the "Creole Atlantic":
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Located at a dozen kilometers south of the city of Saint-Louis, this reserve has an area of 7 square kilometres and shelters birds and endangered species such as the
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a small force of French Marines defended the town from a large Trarza force. With the French victory in 1858, they were able to set the terms of trade on the river.
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Saint-Louis's fortunes began to wane as those of Dakar waxed. Access to its port became increasingly awkward in the age of the steamship and the completion of the
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French view of the fort at Saint-Louis island, from "L'Afrique ou histoire, moeurs, usages et coutumes des Africains", by René Claude Geoffroy de Villeneuve, 1814.
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popularized jazz bands and by the 1950s local groups had adopted a "Cuban" sound. Another music festival, 1, 2, 3 musiques, exhibits various genres of music.
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J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2573-2575
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from 1819 to 1830, but this failed. At the same time, Saint Louis grew massively during this period in both population in commercial activity.
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The Saint-Louis Jazz Festival is the most important jazz festival in Africa. Jazz first became popular in the 1930s when records produced in
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2002:
1319:, and returned to France in 1817. Facing a near-total dependence on gum, the French authorities tried to promote plantation agriculture in
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replaced it as the major economic engine of Saint Louis. Trade was increasingly concentrated in the lower river valley and the desert-side
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from 1895 until 1902, when the capital was moved to Dakar. From 1920 to 1957, it also served as the capital of the neighboring colony of
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1352:. Saint-Louis became capital of the federation of French West African colonies in 1895, but relinquished this role to Dakar in 1902.
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With a large influence over education in colonial times, Saint Louis is now a center of educational excellence. It is home to the
417:, the reigning king of France at the time of the island's settlement in 1659. It was originally known as Saint Louis of the Fort (
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that connects the island to the Langue de Barbarie and the Gaol and Servatius bridges that connect the island to the continent.
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339:. It had a population of 254,171 in 2023. Saint-Louis was the capital of the French colony of Senegal from 1673 until 1902 and
1473:, many painted with names of Sufi leaders, jam the Saint-Louis wharf. Today they are used for fishing, transport, and tourism.
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Gaston Berger University, created in 1990, offers studies organized in a number of general education and research faculties.
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where are located the town's administrative offices, the Parc Faidherbe named for the French governor at the centre of town
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1571:'s (the founder of Mouridism) two prayers in the Governor's Palace in 1895, is the city's largest religious gathering.
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The Military Academy Charles Ntchorere, commonly known as the Prytanee Militaire of Saint Louis, was created in 1922.
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A Wolof settlement at what is now known as Guet Ndar dates from around 1450 and was a meeting and departure point for
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traders visited the area over the next two centuries but the first nearby colonial fortification was erected by the
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form of a Wolof name meaning "Little" or "Lesser Saint Louis". The neighborhood of Guet Ndar takes its name from a
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in 1885 meant that up-country trade effectively circumvented its port. Large French firms, many from the city of
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agency designated Saint-Louis as "the city most threatened by rising sea levels in the whole of Africa", citing
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Between 1659 and 1779, nine chartered companies succeeded one another in administering Saint-Louis. As in
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Aïdara, Abdoul Hadir (2005), Saint-Louis du Sénégal: d'hier à aujourd'hui, Grandvaux, Brinon-sur-Sauldre.
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2324:"Saint-Louis du Sénégal ! Bonnes adresses, petites annonces et infos pratiques. St-Louis Senegal"
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Saint-Louis remains the most characteristically French colonial destination in West Africa along with
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410:
271:
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Island of Saint-Louis is inscribed on the World Heritage list on the basis of criteria ii and iv:
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Among Saint-Louis' numerous natural sites are the National Park of the Langue de Barbarie, the
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2010:
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and has been borne by the island since before the French settlement. Ndar Tout or Toute is a
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1269:. Slaves, gold, hides, beeswax, ambergris and, later, gum arabic were exported. During the
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takes its name from the French for "Barbary Tongue", after an old name for the land of the
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2474:"Saint Louis Facts, information, pictures - Encyclopedia.com articles about Saint Louis"
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Desert frontier : ecological and economic change along the Western Sahel, 1600-1850
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2267:
1863:
1836:
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1802:
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Among interesting and attractive monuments and edifices are the Governor's Palace, the
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1210:
1165:
Negresse of quality from the Island of Saint Louis in Senegal, accompanied by her slave
577:
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winds. A 2011 documentary described Saint-Louis as the African city most threatened by
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453:
441:
363:
316:
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2741:
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1937:
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1824:
1813:
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1292:, a Franco-African Creole, or Métis, merchant community characterized by the famous "
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332:
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Diop, Cheikh (June 2017), "Restructuring in the Neighborhood of Guet Ndar-Senegal",
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17:
1903:
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497:. It is 25 km (16 mi) north of its mouth, but is only separated from the
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183:
2800:
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Three characteristics give Saint-Louis its distinctive geographic appearance: the
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as it had been previously. The city was again captured by the British during the
580:. Flooding is becoming worse, and by 2080 80% of the city will face flood risks.
2721:
2451:
1876:
1490:
1454:
2199:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Saint-Louis"
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2703:
1840:
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merchants from selling to the French, but this had little effect. In the 1855
1304:
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2014:
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The fortification permitted its factory to command foreign trade along the
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1916:
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1289:
535:
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1929:
1911:
1898:
1470:
1332:
1312:
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475:
434:
324:
133:
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2147:"Earth Reporters: My City and Your City - OpenLearn - Open University"
1284:
Colonial Saint Louis c. 1900. Europeans and Africans on the Rue Lebon.
2677:). École française Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry. Retrieved on 3 May 2015.
2349:
1885:
1854:(born 1986), Senegalese visual concept developer and fashion designer
1705:, and various hunting lodges on the south side of the Senegal River.
1486:
1326:
Throughout the 19th century, the French periodically warred with the
1234:
1230:
1198:
524:
445:
284:
235:
2073:
335:, and 320 kilometres (200 mi) north of Senegal's capital city
1924:
1890:
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1647:
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1354:
1349:
1320:
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1251:
1225:
1194:
1159:
517:
487:
463:
336:
545:, over a stretch of 25 km (16 mi), separates the lower
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2595:
2399:"Overfished: In Senegal, empty nets lead to hunger and violence"
1546:
1242:
1238:
1190:
2804:
553:, propagated to prevent soil erosion in sandy and salty soils.
2373:"Visit Africa's Largest Jazz Festival in Saint-Louis, Senegal"
2052:
1416:
Rising sea levels, as well as water levels flowing out of the
2742:
Saint-Louis du Sénégal, Ville de l'élégance et du raffinement
331:. Located in the northwest of Senegal, near the mouth of the
2847:
Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes
2790:
2736:
Le portail touristique et culturel de Saint-Louis du Senegal
2049:"Saint Louis and Segou (Sikoro): Broad Historical Sketches"
1682:, the Fauna Reserve of Gueumbeul, beaches like that of the
549:
from the Atlantic Ocean. Its vegetation mainly consists of
2620:. prytanee.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2006
1765:, a French international school serving preschool through
2246:"Weatherbase: Historical Weather for St.-Louis, Senegal"
1567:
The Magal of the Niari Rakas, a yearly commemoration of
1512:
Colonial architecture lines the streets of the old city.
2427:"Saint-Louis, Senegal: the challenge of sustainability"
1387:, died in 1968, the city lost its strongest proponent.
527:
and is disturbed by sand storms during the dry season.
2350:"Island of Saint-Louis - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
2291:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 29.
1686:, the colonial waterworks at Makhana, the palace of
2695:
Bibliography of the history of Saint-Louis, Senegal
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34:
425:) after its stronghold and to distinguish it from
2961:1659 establishments in the French colonial empire
2201:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2123:"PLANT FOR THE PLANET: THE BILLION TREE CAMPAIGN"
1799:, Abbé David Boilat, Daniel Brattier, the fathers
1769:(junior high school), is located in Saint-Louis.
490:, 100 km (62 mi) up the Senegal River.
371:are causing ripple effects in the local economy.
350:The town was an important economic center during
2397:Edwards, Meaghan Beatley and Sam (31 May 2018).
2270:, britannica.com, USA, accessed on June 23, 2019
2173:"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea"
2003:"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea"
1777:Saint Louis has been the birthplace or home of:
1656:Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Louis du Sénégal
2225:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1984:Saint-Louis du Sénégal. Ville aux mille Visages
1618:, colonial-era hotels, the historic airport at
587:Climate data for St.-Louis (1991–2020 normals)
29:City and commune in Saint-Louis Region, Senegal
1578:Girls gather on a street in Saint-Louis, 2007.
2816:
486:, although the nearest border crossing is at
8:
2503:
2452:"Africa - Senegal city is 'most threatened'"
1752:and The Military Academy Charles Ntchorere.
1413:now competing with foreign fishing vessels.
419:
2421:
2419:
2096:, vol. 4, Kambohwell, pp. 108–113
2823:
2809:
2801:
2562:"Découvrir le Sénégal, pays de la teranga"
2527:"Découvrir le Sénégal, pays de la teranga"
2094:International Journal of Engineering Works
1986:. Dakar: ed. Clairafrique. pp. 187 p.
1969:Population and area of Saint Louis Commune
1169:Costumes civils de tous les peuples connus
583:
520:, the marshes and the Langue de Barbarie.
31:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2654:École française Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry
2738:". Saint-Louis news and culture portal.
2280:
2278:
2276:
2221:"Saint-Louis Climate Normals 1961-1990"
2111:http://www.sunugal.com/en/st-louis.html
1954:
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204:
188:
170:
162:
128:
93:
62:
50:
2926:Populated places in Saint-Louis Region
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1668:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
1221:, about 25 km (16 mi) away.
1962:
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1958:
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261:
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201:63.54 km (24.53 sq mi)
193:
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7:
2951:Populated places established in 1659
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2104:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1975:
1866:Senegalese Sprinter & Footballer
1680:National Park of the Birds of Djoudj
1390:Since 1993, the city has hosted the
1132:Source 1: NOAA (sunshine 1961–1990)
474:Saint-Louis is situated in northern
2931:Populated coastal places in Senegal
409:. Obliquely, the name also honored
358:in 2000. However, the city is also
76:
505:, a 300 m (980 ft) wide
25:
1982:Brigaud Félix, Vast Jean (1987).
1311:, rather than further upriver in
2893:
2722:Senegal's decaying city of charm
2706:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1884:
1173:Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur
1151:Timeline of Saint-Louis, Senegal
440:The local name Ndar or N'dar is
75:
68:
52:
2971:World Heritage Sites in Senegal
1549:were aired on the radio. After
1404:Environmental issues in Senegal
2852:Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary
2785:Events in Saint-Louis, Senegal
2348:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1532:Saint-Louis Photography Museum
1:
2956:1659 establishments in Africa
567:Köppen climate classification
427:other places of the same name
2936:Regional capitals in Senegal
2564:. Au Senegal. Archived from
2529:. Au Senegal. Archived from
360:vulnerable to climate change
225:4,000/km (10,000/sq mi)
2879:Stone Circles of Senegambia
2660:. Retrieved on May 3, 2015.
2513:
1787:Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké
1569:Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké
990:Average precipitation days
776:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
706:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
2987:
2869:Niokolo-Koba National Park
2746:Radio France International
2692:
2588:"Université Gaston Berger"
2403:Public Radio International
2149:. Open.edu. Archived from
2128:. Unep.org. Archived from
1871:Twin towns – sister cities
1583:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1529:
1447:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1401:
1368:Dakar-Saint Louis railroad
1148:
1136:
1131:
586:
356:UNESCO World Heritage Site
256:UNESCO World Heritage Site
248:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2890:
2842:
2638:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2326:. saintlouisdusenegal.com
2054:Dofo Kow: History Matters
1650:mosques. There are also
1445:The city was listed as a
1408:Climate change in Senegal
1392:Saint Louis Jazz Festival
1362:, the symbol of the city.
1303:after 1790, the trade in
1299:After the decline of the
1084:
1036:
989:
915:
845:
775:
705:
635:
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94:
63:
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41:
2454:. BBC News. 13 June 2008
1845:the French photographer
1763:Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry
1750:Gaston Berger University
1742:Gaston Berger University
1726:African spurred tortoise
1394:, a major tourist draw.
2732:saintlouisdusenegal.com
2671:Présentation de l'école
1847:François-Edmond Fortier
1340:Battle of Leybar Bridge
1137:Source 2: Weatherbase
2504:
2499:
1945:, United States (1994)
1745:
1654:churches and temples:
1639:
1579:
1523:
1513:
1474:
1363:
1285:
1257:
1183:
471:
420:
386:
320:
211: • City and
195: • City and
158:Saint-Louis Department
2796:festivalmetissons.com
1739:
1637:
1622:on the mainland, the
1577:
1530:Further information:
1519:
1511:
1469:
1402:Further information:
1358:
1283:
1255:
1163:
467:
323:), is the capital of
266:Island of Saint-Louis
58:Island of Saint-Louis
2916:Saint-Louis, Senegal
2832:World Heritage Sites
2285:Webb, James (1995).
1761:The École française
1537:Events and festivals
1521:World War I Memorial
1398:Environmental issues
1301:Atlantic slave trade
1167:, Illustration from
636:Record high °C (°F)
456:word for "pasture".
222: • Density
18:Saint Louis, Senegal
2921:Communes of Senegal
2766: /
2568:on 21 December 2007
2533:on 21 December 2007
1797:Jean-Baptiste Labat
1792:Alfred-Amédée Dodds
1773:Notable inhabitants
846:Record low °C (°F)
501:to its west by the
110: /
2966:Saint-Louis Region
2946:French West Africa
2791:saintlouisjazz.com
2476:. Encyclopedia.com
2371:Holloway, Beetle.
2070:"Coins d'Histoire"
2057:, 12 February 2012
1746:
1740:The main tower at
1684:Langue de Barbarie
1646:are predominantly
1640:
1580:
1524:
1514:
1475:
1364:
1286:
1258:
1184:
1171:, Paris, 1788, by
563:hot desert climate
561:Saint-Louis has a
543:Langue de Barbarie
503:Langue de Barbarie
472:
469:Langue de Barbarie
431:Langue de Barbarie
352:French West Africa
341:French West Africa
329:Saint-Louis Region
263:Official name
146:Saint-Louis Region
2903:
2902:
2770:16.033°N 16.500°W
1967:Citypopulation.de
1823:Mbarick Fall aka
1782:El Hadj Malick Sy
1664:Assemblies of God
1644:places of worship
1630:Places of worship
1328:Emirate of Trarza
1273:, British forces
1229:"three pieces of
1141:
1140:
1039:relative humidity
578:rising sea levels
389:) is named after
306:
305:
114:16.033°N 16.500°W
16:(Redirected from
2978:
2898:
2897:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2802:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2776:
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2767:
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2650:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:on 23 April 2006
2594:. Archived from
2584:
2578:
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2573:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2543:
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2540:
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2368:
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2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:. Whc.unesco.org
2345:
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2195:
2189:
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2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2153:on 6 August 2019
2143:
2137:
2136:
2135:on 25 July 2010.
2134:
2127:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2045:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2009:. 24 June 2024.
1999:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1927:
1919:, Belgium (1980)
1915:
1914:
1906:, Morocco (1979)
1902:
1901:
1889:
1888:
1696:
1624:Faidherbe Bridge
1542:Christmas time.
1360:Faidherbe Bridge
1275:captured Senegal
1271:Seven Years' War
1261:Colonial capital
1181:
993:
584:
423:
421:St-Louis-du-Fort
414:
394:
276:Cultural: ii, iv
125:
124:
122:
121:
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108:
107:
106:
103:
79:
78:
72:
56:
32:
21:
2986:
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2977:
2976:
2975:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2888:
2838:
2829:
2775:16.033; -16.500
2774:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2753:
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2712:
2707:
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2091:
2090:
2083:
2068:
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2029:
2019:
2017:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1893:, France (1978)
1883:
1875:Saint-Louis is
1873:
1860:football player
1833:football player
1809:Louis Faidherbe
1775:
1734:
1690:
1676:
1660:Catholic Church
1632:
1616:Louis Faidherbe
1608:
1585:
1539:
1534:
1506:
1464:
1439:
1410:
1400:
1380:
1346:Louis Faidherbe
1317:Napoleonic Wars
1263:
1233:, a measure of
1175:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1142:
991:
984:
979:
974:
969:
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2749:
2739:
2729:
2728:, 13 May 2005.
2724:, Tidiane Sy,
2718:
2717:
2714:Senegal portal
2701:
2700:External links
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2690:
2687:
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2179:. 24 June 2024
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2081:
2061:
2027:
1989:
1971:
1953:
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1948:
1947:
1946:
1933:
1932:, Italy (1991)
1920:
1907:
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1872:
1869:
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1864:Abdoulaye Seye
1861:
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1831:El Hadji Diouf
1828:
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1803:Michel Adanson
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1638:Grande Mosquée
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1430:climate change
1422:United Nations
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2941:Senegal River
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2248:. Weatherbase
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2177:The Economist
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2007:The Economist
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1832:
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1822:
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1674:Natural sites
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1310:
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1267:Senegal River
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1241:bars, and 10
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1236:
1235:scarlet cloth
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1120:
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1111:
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1085:Mean monthly
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1067:
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1055:
1052:
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1016:
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581:
579:
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547:Senegal River
544:
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537:
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528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
511:tidal marshes
508:
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500:
496:
495:Senegal River
491:
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477:
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459:
457:
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451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
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401:13th-century
400:
396:
388:
384:
381:Saint Louis (
376:
374:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
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333:Senegal River
330:
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286:
283:
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257:
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185:
182:
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177: •
166:
159:
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144:
142:
135:
132:
123:
95:Coordinates:
71:
55:
46:
40:
33:
27:
19:
2874:Saloum Delta
2863:
2784:
2783:
2751:
2735:
2689:Bibliography
2665:
2648:
2622:. Retrieved
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2591:
2582:
2572:29 September
2570:. Retrieved
2566:the original
2556:
2547:
2537:29 September
2535:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2521:
2490:
2480:29 September
2478:. Retrieved
2468:
2458:29 September
2456:. Retrieved
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2377:Culture Trip
2376:
2366:
2356:29 September
2354:. Retrieved
2328:. Retrieved
2322:CYBER PROD.
2302:. Retrieved
2287:
2266:Britannica,
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2176:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2141:
2130:the original
2117:
2093:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2018:. Retrieved
2006:
1983:
1874:
1858:Ismaïla Sarr
1818:Lamine Guèye
1805:, naturalist
1776:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1722:Patas monkey
1718:dama gazelle
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:Richard-Toll
1677:
1641:
1611:
1609:
1606:Architecture
1599:Criterion iv
1598:
1597:
1592:Criterion ii
1591:
1590:
1586:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1551:World War II
1544:
1540:
1525:
1495:
1476:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1415:
1411:
1389:
1385:Lamine Guèye
1381:
1378:Independence
1365:
1344:
1335:
1325:
1308:
1298:
1287:
1264:
1223:
1219:Bocos Island
1185:
1168:
1164:
920:mm (inches)
569:
560:
540:
529:
522:
515:
492:
473:
439:
418:
380:
373:
349:
312:
308:
307:
184:Mansour Faye
26:
2864:Saint-Louis
2773: /
2436:18 December
2330:11 February
2304:25 December
2268:Saint-Louis
2252:29 December
2230:29 December
2075:Ndar Ragne!
1837:BK VEF Rīga
1691: [
1688:Baron Roger
1620:Dakar-Bango
1612:Gouvernance
1553:, visiting
1491:New Orleans
1217:in 1638 on
1176: [
551:Filao trees
387:Saint-Louis
369:overfishing
313:Saint-Louis
309:Saint Louis
294:2000 (24th
291:Inscription
117: /
83:Saint-Louis
36:Saint-Louis
2910:Categories
2862:Island of
2856:Island of
2693:See also:
2618:"Archived"
2592:www.ugb.sn
2298:0299143309
2205:10 January
1950:References
1841:Bamba Fall
1426:UN-Habitat
1305:gum arabic
1247:eau de vie
1231:blue cloth
1203:Portuguese
1149:See also:
992:(≥ 1.0 mm)
484:Mauritania
450:Gallicized
345:Mauritania
206:Population
172:Government
153:Department
2382:1 January
2157:1 January
2020:10 August
2015:0013-0613
1943:St. Louis
1732:Education
1703:Diama Dam
1652:Christian
1483:Cartagena
1224:Repeated
574:Harmattan
532:flamingos
507:sand spit
478:, on the
460:Geography
399:canonized
281:Reference
231:Time zone
43:City and
2726:BBC News
2634:cite web
2408:28 April
1724:and the
1555:U.S. GIs
1500:Island.
1471:Pirogues
1372:Bordeaux
1294:signares
1226:flooding
1191:pilgrims
1156:Founding
1127:3,004.6
1037:Average
985:(10.72)
916:Average
536:pelicans
272:Criteria
2836:Senegal
2761:16°30′W
2758:16°02′N
2748:, 2004.
2675:Archive
2183:25 June
1930:Bologna
1877:twinned
1839:center
1767:collège
1744:, 2007.
1504:Museums
1462:Culture
1437:Economy
1313:Gajaaga
1309:escales
1211:English
1145:History
980:(0.01)
975:(0.00)
970:(0.93)
965:(4.08)
960:(3.60)
955:(1.70)
950:(0.26)
945:(0.00)
940:(0.00)
935:(0.01)
930:(0.02)
925:(0.10)
906:(50.4)
891:(63.7)
886:(67.1)
881:(63.7)
841:(69.3)
836:(63.3)
831:(68.5)
826:(75.2)
821:(77.2)
816:(77.2)
811:(76.1)
806:(72.9)
801:(67.5)
796:(64.9)
791:(64.0)
786:(62.8)
781:(61.0)
771:(90.1)
766:(90.5)
761:(94.5)
756:(94.1)
751:(91.4)
746:(89.8)
741:(88.3)
736:(87.1)
731:(86.5)
726:(88.7)
721:(91.4)
716:(90.3)
711:(88.5)
557:Climate
525:acacias
476:Senegal
435:Berbers
362:—where
325:Senegal
296:Session
217:254,171
213:commune
197:commune
164:Founded
134:Senegal
130:Country
105:16°30′W
102:16°02′N
45:commune
2883:Gambia
2624:6 June
2602:6 June
2496:French
2295:
2013:
1879:with:
1720:, the
1701:, the
1648:Muslim
1487:Havana
1333:Berber
1215:French
1209:, and
1199:Arabia
1188:Muslim
1124:232.5
1121:246.0
1118:260.4
1115:228.0
1112:248.0
1109:244.9
1106:222.0
1103:282.1
1100:285.0
1097:275.9
1094:238.0
1091:241.8
701:(113)
696:(104)
691:(106)
686:(108)
681:(106)
676:(100)
671:(100)
666:(111)
661:(109)
656:(113)
651:(108)
646:(106)
641:(100)
592:Month
480:border
446:island
429:. The
413:
407:France
393:
383:French
141:Region
2858:Gorée
2514:Fulɓe
2508:; in
2505:Peulh
2133:(PDF)
2126:(PDF)
1917:Liège
1891:Lille
1827:boxer
1695:]
1498:Gorée
1479:Bahia
1455:Fulas
1350:Dakar
1336:zwaya
1321:Waalo
1290:Gorée
1243:pints
1207:Dutch
1195:Mecca
1180:]
1080:63.9
1077:45.0
1074:54.0
1071:70.0
1068:78.5
1065:80.0
1062:78.5
1059:76.0
1056:69.5
1053:65.0
1050:56.5
1047:49.5
1044:44.0
1032:20.5
983:272.4
963:103.7
911:(45)
901:(46)
896:(50)
876:(63)
871:(54)
866:(50)
861:(55)
856:(45)
851:(45)
631:Year
518:Sahel
488:Rosso
482:with
454:Wolof
442:Wolof
411:Louis
391:Louis
377:Names
337:Dakar
317:Wolof
236:UTC+0
179:Mayor
2658:AEFE
2640:link
2626:2023
2604:2023
2574:2013
2539:2013
2510:Fula
2500:Peul
2482:2013
2460:2013
2438:2020
2431:UNDP
2410:2020
2384:2024
2358:2013
2332:2014
2306:2023
2293:ISBN
2254:2012
2232:2012
2207:2024
2185:2024
2159:2013
2022:2024
2011:ISSN
1642:The
1547:Cuba
1489:and
1406:and
1239:iron
1041:(%)
1029:0.1
1026:0.0
1023:1.8
1020:7.1
1017:7.1
1014:3.3
1011:0.5
1008:0.1
1005:0.0
1002:0.1
999:0.3
996:0.1
968:23.7
958:91.5
953:43.1
904:10.2
889:17.6
884:19.5
879:17.6
839:20.7
834:17.4
829:20.3
824:24.0
819:25.1
814:25.1
809:24.5
804:22.7
799:19.7
794:18.3
789:17.8
784:17.1
779:16.1
769:32.3
764:32.5
759:34.7
754:34.5
749:33.0
744:32.1
739:31.3
734:30.6
729:30.3
724:31.5
719:33.0
714:32.4
709:31.4
628:Dec
625:Nov
622:Oct
619:Sep
616:Aug
613:Jul
610:Jun
607:May
604:Apr
601:Mar
598:Feb
595:Jan
541:The
534:and
403:king
397:, a
321:Ndar
190:Area
167:1659
2834:in
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2673:" (
2656:."
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933:0.2
928:0.6
923:2.5
570:BWh
415:XIV
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327:'s
311:or
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