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oven, often with an open chimney, and the house is often fitted with a barn. This was done for practical reasons for less burning costs for the owner. The entrance to the house is from the courtyard, over a half-open porch, which has columns or a fence with half arches. The room next to the street is the front room where everyday use, while the back room is the guest room or the "clean room", where the better furniture is often placed. Some salaš houses would also have summer kitches, which were used exclusively during warmer season. The stoves were furnaces, where bread was baked, with a cottage being obligatory for the grub, hen and dove houses, barn and other cattle and agricultural constructions.
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peasants, where they had a village house, but would only arrive at the salaš for work during agricultural seasons. With the arrival of the railway, the salaš enter an organized system of development of their spatial plan. The salaš railway stations connected salaš agglomerations with the nearest settlements. With the loss of the function of transporting goods and passenger from salaš properties to towns, these railways become unprofitable and gradually were dismantled, thereby causing further fragmentation and disconnect of salaš properties with other settlements.
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Salaš house positions varied from front facing ones like in
Vojvodina villages, or those at the back or at the sides of the owners land. According to traditional salaš plans, it is implied that they have two rooms, a centrally located kitchen and entrance hall. In the central area of each salaš is an
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Agrarian reforms aimed at collectivization and arrondissement of land, as well as the emergence of large-scale labour cooperatives and increased production, have marginalized the role of the small-scale salaš. All of these changes have resulted in the degridation of the salaš, as well as the fields
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Salaš, as unique type of building heritage, were created and developed under certain natural and economic conditions. Since the Middle Ages and until the middle of the 19th century, they were makeshift dwellings used by cattlemen. Later, by switching to agriculture, the salaš shifted their use into
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There are and were several types of salaš buildings. From primitive earth lodges, half-dugouts, mudhuts, to buildings with complex construction design, with two or tree rooms, with larger or smaller foundation, etc. Salaš houses were built of natural locally found materials: the walls were raised
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However, farmers themselves have become increasingly mobile over time, especially since the introduction of the tractor into farm use, thus eliminating the need to deal with summer habitats in the fields. This was one of the reasons for the mass abandonment and dismantlement of salaš properties.
320:
music. The few remaining salaš dwellings have been repurposed into modern restaurants or museums for tourists, with specific cottage and rustic charm. They promote traditional foods and beverages, customs, farm life, folklore, music, etc. Some of the more famous salaš properties are Salaš 84 at
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The disappearance of many salaš properties impoverished the already empty regions of
Vojvodina. The salaš properties functioned as green-white island, the habitats of countless bird species and hiding places for large game. The salaš were also the sources of culture and all kinds of traditional
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built in 1843, belonging to a
Hungarian family, is a typical example of an owners house for any part of Vojvodina – the overpowering Slovak blue in it even gives the impression of a combination of cultures: By living side by side, the national differences of Vojvodina were made less distinct,
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Initially, salaš were summer dwellings for peasants, while over time, some became permanent dwellings. In the late stage of the development of these properties, two types salaš were distinguished: The farm-type salaš, where the owner or the tenant lived permanently; The salaš of more affluent
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Salaš, as a basic element of the area, has dominated the
Vojvodina plain since the Middle Ages, well before the arrival of the Turks in the area. For the longest of time this was the only way of living for the few scattered inhabitants across the large flat area of the plain.
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Each of the local people and nationalities added something original to their concept of the salaš, like the different appearance of the dwelling. However, each salaš retained the same practical concept of housing landowning in the plains. The ethno-house in
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surrounding them. Agricultural enterprises grouped large cattle stock in smaller areas, as opposed to the extensive grazing land previously used, which were considered unproductive. This resulted in the disappearance of many green pastures.
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goods: The source of the
Vojvodina mentality; The source of hard-working, thrifty, persistent, withdrawn, silent, and measured people with special subtle and ambiguous humor; The source of cattle, poultry, grapes, mulberries,
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were remote encampments for shepherds, and eventually came to denote small countryside restaurants established in such houses, providing sheep products and traditional home meals such as
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91:, surrounded by arable land and pastures. They were owned and inhabited by a single family, who lived there for generations. Western equivalents to the salaš are
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In modern times, these types of dwelling have become less frequent, with many dying out along with the specific culture surrounding these properties.
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from beaten mud, or mud-and-hay bricks dried in the sun. The roof was usually from dried reed, assembled together in traditional craftsmanship.
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333:. Salaš properties are a constant presence for ethnographic and other editions and have been explained in detail in many monographs.
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Harkai Imre (1998): Salašarski sistem Bačke Topole – Topolya mezőváros tanyarendszere. Cnesa, Kanjiža (in
Hungarian and Serbian)
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Bela
Duranci (1984): Agrártörténeti emlékeinkről (Spomenici iz istorijata našeg agrara). In: „Híd”, Novi Sad. (in Hungarian)
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Ljubinko Pušić (1987): Урбанистички развој градова у Војводини у XIX и првој половини XX века, Novi Sad. (in
Serbian)
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blending of different cultural elements, with the emphasis on small cultural nuances and functionality.
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Tripolsky Géza (1985): A Tisza-vidék tanyái (Potiski salaši). In: „Üzenet” br. 9 (in
Hungarian)
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Since the Middle Ages, Salaš properties have been present across the
Pannonian lowlands, from
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585:Представљање нове књиге Мирослава Божина – „Салаши за Вас – туристички и гастрономски водич“
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In modern times, salaš properties are a reminder of older simpler times and the sounds of
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Ferenc Erdei (1974): Magyar tanyák (Salaši u Mađarskoj), Budapest. (in Hungarian)
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Harkai Imre (1992): Graditeljstvo Bačke Topole. Rubicon - Temerin. (in Serbian)
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Bela Duranci (1984): Salaši Oroma – Oromi szállások (in Hungarian and Serbian)
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Branislav Kojić (1973): Сеоска архитектура и руризам, Belgrade. (in Serbian)
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Zavičajna kuća u Bačkoj Topoli, mesto gde se prošlost povezuje sa budućnošću
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meaning "house, accommodation") is a traditional type of property in the
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485:" ('I was born there on a farm'), Serbian patriotic song from Vojvodina
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Collectif; Dominique Auzias; Jean-Paul Labourdette (15 March 2012),
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Painting of a Temporary dwelling for peasants, btw. 1868 and 1885,
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Győrffy István (1983): Alföldi népélet, Budapest. (in Hungarian)
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79:, with a family house and agricultural objects such as a
329:, Rokin Salaš in Hajdukovi, Sunčani and Cvetni Salaš at
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Traditional type of farm in the Pannonian Plain region
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Model of a salaš with no elevated foundation in the
622:Lisa Dunford; Brett Atkinson; Neil Wilson (2007),
145:family homes, similar to those built in villages.
256:Model of a salaš with elevated foundation in the
295:Model of Vojvodina salaš, Agricultural Museum,
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118:(especially in the northern parts such as
652:Lazić, Veselin; Grujić, Milorad (1994).
544:Lazić, Veselin; Grujić, Milorad (1994).
521:(in French), Petit Futé, pp. 172–,
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718:Buildings and structures in Vojvodina
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573:Najlepši salaši u okolini Novog Sada
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459:Special "sun-decorated" salaš in
587:– сајт издавачке куће "Прометеј"
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419:Interior of Dida Hornjakov salaš
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373:
356:Restored and protected salaš in
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628:, Lonely Planet, pp. 70–,
226:Building types and construction
694:, Studio Bečkerek (in Serbian)
1:
692:Seoski turizam - 'ej, salaši
625:Czech & Slovak Republics
563:sajt Top Srbija, 9. 8. 2013
483:Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu
217:Traditional Vojvodina salaš
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395:Dida Hornjakov salaš near
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575:sajt Luftika, 31. 7. 2016
260:Museum, Vojvodina, Serbia
312:Fate and future of salaš
71:region, particularly in
598:SALAŠI U VOJVODINI - CD
503:Hrvatski jezični portal
431:Isailovi salaš between
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21:Salaš (disambiguation)
690:Slavko Golić (2007):
213:, gomboca, gibanica.
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19:For other uses, see
336:In Slovak culture,
380:Salaš interior in
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166:Kingdom of Hungary
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30:Salaš property in
635:978-1-74104-300-6
528:978-2-7469-5324-6
437:Sremska Mitrovica
342:bryndzové halušky
325:, Salaš Katai at
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613:
612:– Djoletov Kutak
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600:. Delfi knjižare
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518:Serbie 2012-2013
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176:Dugout salaš in
168:), 17th century
152:Dugout salaš in
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190:Austria-Hungary
139:Rufin Sudkovsky
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69:Pannonian Plain
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596:Grupa autora:
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50:Serbo-Croatian
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708:Farms by type
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713:Ethnography
610:Naši salaši
702:Categories
655:Ej, salaši
646:Literature
547:Ej, salaši
490:References
465:Vojvodina
441:Vojvodina
401:Vojvodina
362:Vojvodina
327:Mali Iđoš
318:tamburica
301:Vojvodina
278:Vojvodina
182:Vojvodina
158:Vojvodina
120:Vojvodina
62:Hungarian
36:Vojvodina
658:. PČESA.
550:. PČESA.
476:See also
461:Čantavir
331:Subotica
323:Novi Sad
276:Museum,
178:Subotica
104:Slovakia
97:cottages
77:Slavonia
274:Kikinda
258:Kikinda
192:), 1909
129:History
112:Romania
108:Austria
93:ranches
89:granary
65:szállás
60:, from
632:
525:
469:Serbia
447:, 1965
445:Serbia
405:Serbia
397:Sombor
368:, 1799
366:Serbia
338:salaše
305:Serbia
297:Kuplin
282:Serbia
188:(then
186:Serbia
164:(then
162:Serbia
116:Serbia
85:stable
58:Slovak
40:Serbia
505:Salaš
211:rakia
73:Bačka
54:Czech
46:Salaš
32:Čenej
630:ISBN
523:ISBN
435:and
433:Ruma
407:1901
154:Srem
114:and
106:and
95:and
87:and
81:barn
75:and
56:and
48:(in
122:).
110:to
99:.
704::
536:^
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83:,
52:,
38:,
34:,
481:"
23:.
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