294:
was temporarily banned by the
Special Court for the Clergy following its publication of a secret ministry report. This incident led to six-day student demonstrations in Tehran. It was the first major student uprising since the Islamic revolution in 1979.
236:
articles about financial scandals. It was among the first newspapers in the country to deal with injustice and corruption. The paper also included a special section in which readers wrote their comments or raised questions.
939:
1036:
209:, and the first issue appeared on 9 February 1991. The paper was based in Tehran and became one of the most read dailies in the country soon after its launch.
1051:
768:
298:
On 4 August 1999 the paper was banned for five years and its publisher, Mohammad
Mousavi Khoeiniha, was banned from journalistic activity for three years.
190:. It was highly influential in the country during its brief existence from 1991 to 1999 and was one of the early reformist dailies published following the
321:
1046:
1041:
1021:
595:
405:
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1016:
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945:
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206:
740:
1031:
1026:
217:
128:
30:
521:
426:
233:
587:
154:
790:; Annabelle Sreberny (2001). "The Iranian Press and the Continuing Struggle Over Civil Society 1998–2000".
854:
491:
329:
290:, was jailed for eight months in 1993 for his critical writings published in the paper. On 7 July 1999
256:
641:
166:
545:
David
Menashri (Spring–Summer 2007). "Iran's regional policy: between radicalism and pragmatism".
915:
809:
660:
617:
556:
443:
191:
187:
910:
763:
941:
Discursive continuity of political nationalism as a form of opposition politics in modern Iran
591:
581:
525:
401:
391:
367:
260:
357:
828:
801:
650:
435:
264:
244:
172:
145:
85:
424:
Hossein
Shahidi (March 2006). "From Mission to Profession: Journalism in Iran, 1979–2004".
982:
859:
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252:
248:
735:
960:
387:
183:
1010:
813:
664:
447:
123:
681:
906:
708:
805:
464:
882:"Human Rights Watch World Report 1995 [Iran-Human Rights Developments]"
881:
655:
636:
577:
439:
397:
275:
54:
583:
Guardians of the
Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs
363:
175:
75:
560:
179:
105:
393:
Post-revolutionary
Politics in Iran: Religion, Society, and Power
220:
who remained in the post until 1999 when it was disestablished.
205:
was established by a group of reformist people attached to the
685:
518:
Muslim
Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation
251:
political stance. It had also a liberal stance and advocated
827:
Mehrzad
Boroujerdi; Kourosh Rahimkhani (11 October 2010).
613:"God's will. Iranian democracy and the Islamic context"
322:"The Iranian Student Uprising of 1999: 14 Years Later"
159:
911:"Iran Tightens Crackdown on Reformist Publications"
111:
101:
91:
81:
71:
63:
44:
36:
26:
959:Ramin Karimian; Shabanali Bahrampour (Fall 1999).
709:"The Political Affiliations of Iranian Newspapers"
465:"Assault on Independent Press in Iran Intensifies"
764:"The Contemporary Iranian News Media, 1998–1999"
707:Shahram Rafizadeh; Mahsa Alimardani (May 2013).
359:Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession
8:
965:Middle East Research and Information Project
572:
570:
21:
769:Middle East Review of International Affairs
351:
349:
347:
20:
736:"When Iran Hedges Closer, US Pushes Away"
654:
419:
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676:
674:
307:
459:
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224:Content, political stance and editors
7:
1037:Defunct newspapers published in Iran
1052:Publications disestablished in 1999
793:International Communication Gazette
228:In addition to quality editorials,
490:Peter Feuilherade (1 April 1994).
16:Daily newspaper in Iran(1991–1999)
14:
983:"Attacks on the Press 1999: Iran"
263:and supported the next President
988:Committee to Protect Journalists
946:Middle East Technical University
833:United States Institute of Peace
548:Journal of International Affairs
320:Muhammad Sahimi (14 July 2013).
207:Association of Combatant Clerics
149:
286:Abbas Abdi, editor-in-chief of
270:One of the editors-in-chief of
1047:Newspapers established in 1991
1042:Newspapers published in Tehran
1022:1999 disestablishments in Iran
267:during his election campaign.
1:
938:Pınar Arıkan Sinkaya (2015).
762:A. W. Samii (December 1999).
741:The Christian Science Monitor
734:Lamis Andoni (7 April 1995).
492:"Iran: media and the message"
853:Reza Aslan (3 August 2009).
682:"Iran closes down newspaper"
259:while he was serving as the
1057:Persian-language newspapers
1017:1991 establishments in Iran
806:10.1177/0016549201063002007
611:Ray Takeyh (October 2000).
516:Güneş Murat Tezcür (2010).
160:
1073:
255:in economy. It criticized
218:Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha
40:Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha
31:Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha
656:10.1080/03064229808536401
522:University of Texas Press
440:10.1080/00210860500470177
278:also served in the post.
119:
829:"Iran's Political Elite"
356:Hossein Shahidi (2007).
182:, Iran. It was named by
171:'Salute') was a
588:Oxford University Press
961:"Iranian Press Update"
855:"Iran's Most Wanted"
586:. Oxford; New York:
362:. London; New York:
332:on 12 September 2014
257:Ali Akbar Rafsanjani
642:Index on Censorship
637:"The Iranian press"
274:was Ibrahim Abedi.
198:History and profile
72:Political alignment
23:
1032:Censorship in Iran
916:The New York Times
618:Middle East Policy
192:Islamic revolution
188:Ayatollah Khomeini
129:List of newspapers
93:Ceased publication
1027:Banned newspapers
909:(25 April 2000).
597:978-0-19-979313-6
407:978-0-7146-5074-6
373:978-1-134-09391-5
212:The publisher of
170:
158:
137:
136:
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1001:
1000:
998:
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979:
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944:(Ph.D. thesis).
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800:(2–3): 203–223.
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649:(4): 140. 1998.
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328:. Archived from
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282:Bans and closure
265:Mohammad Khatami
173:Persian-language
165:
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153:
94:
24:
1072:
1071:
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991:. 22 March 2000
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860:The Daily Beast
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788:Gholam Khiabany
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590:. p. 121.
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524:. p. 120.
515:
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496:The Middle East
489:
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455:
427:Iranian Studies
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400:. p. 326.
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319:
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249:social democrat
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176:daily newspaper
133:
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67:9 February 1991
59:
45:Editor-in-chief
17:
12:
11:
5:
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974:
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948:. p. 264.
930:
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819:
779:
754:
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699:
670:
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603:
596:
566:
555:(2): 153–167.
537:
531:978-0292728837
530:
520:. Austin, TX:
508:
482:
471:. 28 July 1999
453:
413:
406:
388:David Menashri
379:
372:
366:. p. 47.
343:
306:
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253:state planning
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184:Ahmad Khomeini
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688:. 7 July 1999
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178:published in
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51:Ibrahim Abedi
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993:. Retrieved
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921:. Retrieved
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907:Geneive Abdo
901:
889:. Retrieved
885:
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864:. Retrieved
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848:
836:. Retrieved
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822:
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745:. Retrieved
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717:. Retrieved
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690:. Retrieved
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511:
499:. Retrieved
495:
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473:. Retrieved
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336:12 September
334:. Retrieved
330:the original
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213:
211:
202:
201:
140:
139:
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102:Headquarters
18:
891:6 September
469:The Iranian
434:(1): 1–28.
1011:Categories
995:29 October
923:18 October
886:Bahai News
866:12 October
838:12 October
747:12 October
719:12 October
692:12 October
578:Ray Takeyh
501:27 January
475:12 October
398:Frank Cass
396:. London:
302:References
276:Abbas Abdi
76:Reformist
55:Abbas Abdi
814:145138547
665:220990570
448:143005329
364:Routledge
261:President
232:provided
194:in Iran.
155:romanized
37:President
27:Publisher
919:. Tehran
580:(2009).
561:24357976
390:(2001).
82:Language
243:had an
169:
157::
146:Persian
112:Country
86:Persian
64:Founded
812:
663:
594:
559:
528:
446:
404:
370:
326:Muftah
180:Tehran
106:Tehran
810:S2CID
713:ASL19
661:S2CID
557:JSTOR
444:S2CID
292:Salam
288:Salam
272:Salam
241:Salam
230:Salam
214:Salam
203:Salam
161:Salām
141:Salam
22:Salam
997:2023
925:2013
893:2014
868:2013
840:2013
776:(4).
749:2013
721:2013
694:2013
625:(4).
592:ISBN
526:ISBN
503:2014
477:2013
402:ISBN
368:ISBN
338:2014
247:and
216:was
167:lit.
150:سلام
115:Iran
97:1999
802:doi
715:(5)
686:BBC
651:doi
436:doi
1013::
985:.
969:29
967:.
963:.
913:.
884:.
857:.
831:.
808:.
798:63
796:.
772:.
766:.
738:.
711:.
684:.
673:^
659:.
647:27
645:.
639:.
621:.
615:.
569:^
553:60
551:.
494:.
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432:39
430:.
416:^
346:^
324:.
310:^
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148::
999:.
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870:.
842:.
816:.
804::
774:3
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723:.
696:.
667:.
653::
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534:.
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479:.
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438::
410:.
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340:.
144:(
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