96:
444:, and for other uses where a tough, lightweight wood that does not splinter easily is required. It is distinguished mainly by its growth form, very fast-growing with a single straight stem, and also by its slightly larger leaves (10–11 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide) with a more blue-green colour. Its origin is unknown; it may be a hybrid between white willow and crack willow, but this is not confirmed.
71:
635:
238:
47:
323:
1379:
660:. After researching all the 'dispensaries and books on botany,' he found no suggestion of willow ever being used to treat fevers and decided to experiment with it himself. Over the next seven years he successfully used the dried powder of willow bark to cure 'agues and intermittent fevers' of around fifty people, although it worked better when combined with
306:, with male and female catkins on separate trees; the male catkins are 4–5 cm long, the female catkins 3–4 cm long at pollination, lengthening as the fruit matures. When mature in midsummer, the female catkins comprise numerous small (4 mm)
667:
Stone appears to have been largely ignored by the medical profession and herbalists alike. There are reports of two pharmacists using the remedy in trials, but there is no evidence that it worked. By the early 20th century,
648:(of unspecified species) has long been used by herbalists for various ailments, although it is a myth that they attribute to it any analgesic effect. One of the first references to White Willow specifically was by
466:
it every two to three years to stimulate the production of longer young shoots with better colour. Other similar cultivars include 'Britzensis', 'Cardinal', and 'Chermesina', selected for even brighter orange-red
462:(L.) Stokes) is a cultivar grown in gardens for its shoots, which are golden-yellow for one to two years before turning brown. It is particularly decorative in winter; the best effect is achieved by
290:
are paler than most other willows because they are covered with very fine, silky white hairs, in particular on the underside; they are 5–10 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. The
1492:
1298:
van
Casteren, A.; Sellers, W. I.; Thorpe, S. K. S. (23 November 2011). "Why don't branches snap? The mechanics of bending failure in three temperate angiosperm trees".
477:, synonym 'Tristis') is a weeping cultivar with yellow branches that become reddish-orange in winter. It is now rare in cultivation and has been largely replaced by
334:
is usually to be found in wet or poorly-drained soil at the edge of pools, lakes or rivers. Its wide-spreading roots take up moisture from a large surrounding area.
2157:
614:
wood has a low density and a lower transverse compressive strength. This allows the wood to bend, which is why it can be used to make baskets. Willow bark contains
2531:
2245:
1103:
2476:
652:, of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, in 1763. He 'accidentally' tasted the bark and found it had a bitter taste, which reminded him of Peruvian Bark (
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478:
2095:
2170:
2108:
1485:
2353:
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649:
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727:) is, however, a chemical that does not occur in nature and was originally synthesised from salicylic acid extracted from
303:
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is grey-brown and is deeply fissured in older trees. The shoots in the typical species are grey-brown to green-brown. The
2379:
1971:
1948:
1802:
1002:
515:
622:
in place of commercially synthesized root stimulator. It is also used for ritual purposes by Jews on the holiday of
484:. It is, however, still the best choice in very cold parts of the world, such as Canada, the northern US, and Russia.
2420:
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368:
2250:
972:
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growing up to 10–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter and an irregular, often-leaning crown. The
95:
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2051:
2046:
1986:
1881:
1823:
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1976:
1199:"Letter by Fürstenwerth Regarding Article, "Aspirin: A Historical and Contemporary Therapeutic Overview""
1731:
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27:
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60:
20:
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2012:
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618:, which is a plant hormone stimulating root growth; willow trimmings are sometimes used to clone
90:
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The wood is tough, strong, and light in weight, but has minimal resistance to decay. The stems (
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1919:
1104:"Hippocrates and willow bark? What you know about the history of aspirin is probably wrong"
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723:
is a chemical derivative of salicin and is widely used in medicine. Acetylsalicylic acid (
307:
133:
873:
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1171:
337:
White willows are fast-growing but relatively short-lived, being susceptible to several
2481:
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1665:
1383:
720:
719:, an Italian chemist, who then succeeded in separating out the acid in its pure state.
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1999:
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1940:
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2198:
1953:
1263:
Morader, H. L.; Prego, I. A.; Facciuto, G. R.; Maldonado, S. B. (November 2000).
372:. These diseases can be a serious problem on trees grown for timber or ornament.
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2397:
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1378:
1329:"Tree root architecture: new insights from a comprehensive study on dikes"
1126:"An Account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues"
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1963:
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272:. The name derives from the white tone to the undersides of the leaves.
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2007:
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676:. Instead, she describes using the bark and the powdered root for its
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1394:— information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
499:'Chrysocoma') is a hybrid between white willow and Peking willow
354:(named because of the characteristic 'watermark' staining in the
1585:
355:
311:
287:
279:
269:
1879:
1474:
19:"White Willow" redirects here. For the Norwegian band, see
1265:"Storage Behavior of Salix alba and Salix matsudana Seeds"
326:
Tree showing whitish foliage compared to surrounding trees
314:
embedded in silky white hairs, which aids wind dispersal.
1130:
854:
A Field Guide to the Trees of
Britain and Northern Europe
700:. She considered tannin to be the active constituent.
672:, an herbalist, did not consider White Willow to be a
54:
White Willow foliage; note white undersides of leaves
901:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 85
1888:
1811:
1775:
1724:
1506:
26:"Golden Willow" redirects here. For the horse, see
711:, was isolated to its crystalline form in 1828 by
608:leather. The wood is used to make cricket bats.
805:Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland
772:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T203465A42409554.en
1424:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
684:qualities and recommended its use in treating
440:crop in Britain, mainly for the production of
1486:
8:
1396:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
827:
825:
823:
821:
1876:
1493:
1479:
1471:
236:
69:
45:
34:
1280:
1214:
1091:. Kehot Publication Society. p. 332.
770:
739:
703:An active extract of the bark, called
298:in early spring and are pollinated by
1102:Martyr, Phillippa (18 October 2020).
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
596:made from the wood was important for
7:
2532:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2421:28a9c721-eae5-4eb2-91bc-cf53f792efcd
2274:d87e10c8-4ea3-4854-befa-a44b031aca01
2477:IUCN Red List least concern species
1327:Vennetier, Michel (February 2015).
1157:Aspirin: the story of a wonder drug
758:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
592:plants are used for basket-making.
405:and hybrids have been selected for
1412:University of California, Berkeley
731:, and is not connected to willow.
310:, each containing numerous minute
14:
1216:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038133
2372:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776974-1
1866:List of plants used in herbalism
1377:
514:The following have received the
397:Varieties, cultivars and hybrids
94:
1209:(12): e332, author reply e333.
436:Sm.) is grown as a specialist
1:
1067:"How to Make a Rooting Tonic"
1197:Fürstenwerth, Hauke (2011).
489:golden hybrid weeping willow
2537:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1155:Jeffreys, Diarmuid (2004).
833:Trees of Britain and Europe
715:, a French pharmacist, and
656:), which was used to treat
516:Royal Horticultural Society
2555:
1240:"The Mythology of Aspirin"
25:
18:
1862:
1501:Medicinal herbs and fungi
1356:10.1007/s11104-014-2272-9
1312:10.1007/s00468-011-0650-y
896:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
604:was used in the past for
385:, the hybrid being named
375:It readily forms natural
244:
235:
218:
211:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
53:
44:
37:
2527:Plants described in 1753
852:Mitchell, A. F. (1974).
275:It is a medium to large
268:and western and central
2517:Garden plants of Europe
2492:Flora of temperate Asia
807:. BSBI Handbook No. 4.
747:Lansdown, R.V. (2014).
707:, after the Latin name
366:, caused by the fungus
1824:Doctrine of signatures
1458:"Salix alba vitellina"
1282:10.1006/anbo.2000.1265
1142:10.1098/rstl.1763.0033
1124:Stone, Edward (1763).
831:Rushforth, K. (1999).
803:Meikle, R. D. (1984).
765:: e.T203465A42409554.
642:
600:manufacture. The bark
327:
2512:Garden plants of Asia
2487:Flora of North Africa
1444:"Salix alba caerulea"
1170:Grieve, Maud (1931).
1159:. London: Bloomsbury.
1136:. The Royal Society.
637:
616:indole-3-butyric acid
520:Award of Garden Merit
510:Award of Garden Merit
475:golden weeping willow
473:'Vitellina-Tristis' (
369:Marssonina salicicola
325:
28:Golden Willow (horse)
1819:Alternative medicine
1386:at Wikimedia Commons
1238:Propatier, Stephen.
1089:Shulchan Aruch Harav
1742:Echigoshirayukidake
1463:Plants for a Future
1449:Plants for a Future
1435:Plants for a Future
1348:2015PlSoi.387...81V
680:, antiperiodic and
480:Salix x sepulcralis
61:Conservation status
21:White Willow (band)
1798:Japanese herbology
1776:Regional practices
1011:'Erythroflexuosa'"
643:
422:cricket-bat willow
379:with crack willow
330:Like all willows,
328:
260:, is a species of
2464:
2463:
2295:Open Tree of Life
1882:Taxon identifiers
1873:
1872:
1793:Islamic herbology
1783:Chinese herbology
1651:Purple coneflower
1382:Media related to
1183:978-0-88029-921-3
558:'Erythroflexuosa'
351:Brenneria salicis
343:watermark disease
249:
248:
245:Distribution map
84:
2544:
2522:Ornamental trees
2507:Medicinal plants
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1812:Related subjects
1803:Korean herbology
1788:Indian herbology
1747:Lingzhi mushroom
1495:
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1467:
1453:
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1410:photo database,
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1284:
1275:(5): 1017–1021.
1269:Annals of Botany
1251:
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1176:. Dorset Press.
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502:Salix babylonica
294:are produced in
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98:
78:
73:
72:
49:
35:
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2502:Trees of Europe
2497:Flora of Europe
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1732:Almond mushroom
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1342:(1–2): 81–101.
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1257:Further reading
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1173:A Modern Herbal
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538:(silver willow)
512:
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360:Erwinia salicis
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16:Species of tree
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2454:wfo-0000929085
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1762:Morel mushroom
1759:
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1737:Chaga mushroom
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1372:External links
1370:
1369:
1368:
1336:Plant and Soil
1324:
1306:(3): 789–797.
1295:
1258:
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938:
925:'Golden Ness'"
912:
887:
865:
845:
817:
785:
738:
736:
733:
721:Salicylic acid
717:Raffaele Piria
631:
630:Medicinal uses
628:
577:
574:
573:
572:
559:
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529:
511:
508:
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468:
445:
434:Salix caerulea
398:
395:
382:Salix fragilis
345:caused by the
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1672:
1671:Summer savory
1669:
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1193:
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862:0-00-212035-6
859:
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849:
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841:0-00-220013-9
838:
834:
828:
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824:
822:
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814:
813:0-901158-07-0
810:
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786:
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764:
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583:
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547:
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537:
533:
530:
528:'Golden Ness'
527:
524:
523:
522:
521:
517:
509:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
481:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:golden willow
450:'Vitellina' (
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
415:
414:
412:
411:horticultural
408:
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371:
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365:
362:) and willow
361:
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213:Binomial name
210:
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121:Tracheophytes
119:
116:
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112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
97:
92:
88:
82:
77:
76:Least Concern
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
33:
29:
22:
1889:
1864:
1706:White willow
1705:
1676:Tea tree oil
1626:Marsh-mallow
1534:Asthma-plant
1461:
1447:
1433:
1430:"Salix alba"
1421:
1418:"Salix alba"
1402:
1390:
1339:
1335:
1303:
1299:
1272:
1268:
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1097:
1088:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1008:
1004:
997:
985:. Retrieved
981:'Yelverton'"
978:
974:
967:
955:. Retrieved
948:
941:
929:. Retrieved
922:
915:
903:. Retrieved
890:
878:. Retrieved
874:"Salix alba"
868:
853:
848:
832:
804:
776:. Retrieved
762:
756:
750:
742:
713:Henri Leroux
708:
702:
666:
650:Edward Stone
644:
638:
612:S. alba
611:
610:
579:
569:
565:
561:
555:
551:
545:
541:
535:
531:
525:
513:
500:
496:
492:
488:
482:'Chrysocoma'
479:
474:
470:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:cricket bats
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:'Caerulea' (
417:
400:
390:
386:
380:
374:
367:
359:
349:
341:, including
336:
331:
329:
274:
258:white willow
257:
252:
251:
250:
221:
219:
204:S. alba
203:
202:
190:
170:Malpighiales
153:
140:
127:
114:
38:
32:
2346:kew-5001521
2220:NatureServe
2122:iNaturalist
1914:Wikispecies
1829:Herb garden
1636:Opium poppy
1549:medical use
1203:Circulation
1087:"Ch. 647".
1051:17 February
1039:sepulcralis
1017:17 February
1009:sepulcralis
987:17 February
957:17 February
947:"Salix alba
931:17 February
880:17 February
729:Meadowsweet
670:Maud Grieve
566:sepulcralis
556:sepulcralis
548:'Yelverton'
497:sepulcralis
432:(Sm.) Sm.;
364:anthracnose
134:Angiosperms
2471:Categories
2428:WisFlora:
2341:Plant List
2323:Salix alba
2310:Salix_alba
2264:Salix~alba
2065:Salix alba
1984:Calflora:
1920:Salix alba
1890:Salix alba
1849:Homeopathy
1839:Herbal tea
1691:Umckaloabo
1666:Star anise
1646:Peppermint
1611:Lemon balm
1606:Goldenseal
1539:Astragalus
1403:Salix alba
1398:(EUFORGEN)
1391:Salix alba
1384:Salix alba
1245:12 January
1043:chrysocoma
975:Salix alba
923:Salix alba
905:11 October
856:. Collins
835:. Collins
751:Salix alba
735:References
692:, chronic
682:astringent
639:Salix alba
570:chrysocoma
542:Salix alba
532:Salix alba
526:Salix alba
471:Salix alba
456:Salix alba
448:Salix alba
426:Salix alba
418:Salix alba
332:Salix alba
264:native to
253:Salix alba
222:Salix alba
180:Salicaceae
39:Salix alba
2078:200005744
2052:200005744
1844:Herbalism
1616:Liquorice
1576:Fenugreek
1571:Chaparral
1566:Chamomile
1519:Aloe vera
1408:CalPhotos
1109:5 January
979:vitellina
698:dysentery
694:diarrhoea
686:dyspepsia
674:febrifuge
620:rootstock
598:gunpowder
590:pollarded
546:vitellina
464:coppicing
460:vitellina
403:cultivars
393:Schrank.
347:bacterium
304:dioecious
277:deciduous
198:Species:
104:Kingdom:
2416:VicFlora
2405:VASCAN:
2398:28300135
2393:Tropicos
2307:PalDat:
2259:NSWFlora
2225:2.152740
2163:10216255
2150:776974-1
1961:BioLib:
1899:Wikidata
1767:Shiitake
1696:Valerian
1686:Turmeric
1656:Rosemary
1621:Marigold
1586:Flaxseed
1581:Feverfew
1561:Cardamom
1544:Cannabis
1529:Borututu
1422:Calflora
1364:15729821
1320:17867624
1291:42770865
1225:21931098
778:11 April
654:Cinchona
641:tincture
594:Charcoal
586:coppiced
430:caerulea
407:forestry
401:Several
339:diseases
308:capsules
302:. It is
176:Family:
147:Eudicots
81:IUCN 3.1
2207:MoBotPF
2101:5372513
2008:Ecocrop
1905:Q156918
1757:Meshima
1752:Maitake
1716:Za'atar
1701:Verbena
1641:Oregano
1601:Ginseng
1556:Caraway
1514:Alfalfa
1406:in the
1344:Bibcode
951:serica"
725:aspirin
705:salicin
662:quinine
658:malaria
606:tanning
584:) from
582:withies
467:shoots.
454:; syn.
424:; syn.
377:hybrids
358:; syn.
318:Ecology
300:insects
296:catkins
292:flowers
186:Genus:
166:Order:
108:Plantae
79: (
2354:PLANTS
2300:164209
2271:NZOR:
2212:286791
2189:203465
2176:565478
2088:SALALB
2085:FoIO:
2039:182638
1977:121690
1941:153334
1938:APDB:
1834:Herbal
1711:Yarrow
1596:Ginkgo
1591:Ginger
1362:
1318:
1289:
1223:
1180:
1072:23 Aug
860:
839:
811:
646:Willow
624:Sukkot
602:tannin
536:serica
493:Salix
438:timber
391:rubens
387:Salix
288:leaves
266:Europe
262:willow
256:, the
160:Rosids
2482:Salix
2438:WoI:
2385:97712
2359:SAAL2
2330:PFI:
2251:75704
2158:IRMNG
2137:11587
2134:IPA:
2127:54841
2114:32674
2060:FoAO2
2034:EUNIS
2026:SAXAL
2013:16538
2000:6XCGV
1964:38920
1954:59687
1928:APA:
1725:Fungi
1681:Thyme
1524:Anise
1507:Herbs
1360:S2CID
1332:(PDF)
1316:S2CID
1300:Trees
1287:JSTOR
1047:. RHS
1041:var.
1035:Salix
1013:. RHS
1005:Salix
983:. RHS
977:var.
953:. RHS
949:var.
927:. RHS
899:(PDF)
876:. RHS
709:Salix
690:worms
678:tonic
568:var.
562:Salix
552:Salix
544:var.
534:var.
458:var.
428:var.
413:use:
312:seeds
191:Salix
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
2441:1292
2431:4941
2408:9066
2367:POWO
2318:PfaF
2287:7389
2246:NCBI
2199:2618
2184:IUCN
2171:ITIS
2145:IPNI
2109:GRIN
2096:GBIF
2021:EPPO
1987:7260
1972:BOLD
1949:APNI
1931:5474
1661:Sage
1631:Neem
1247:2022
1221:PMID
1178:ISBN
1111:2022
1074:2015
1053:2021
1019:2021
989:2021
959:2021
933:2021
907:2018
882:2021
858:ISBN
837:ISBN
809:ISBN
780:2024
763:2014
696:and
588:and
576:Uses
487:The
409:and
356:wood
284:bark
280:tree
270:Asia
2449:WFO
2380:RHS
2333:186
2233:NBN
2073:FoC
2047:FNA
1995:CoL
1352:doi
1340:387
1308:doi
1277:doi
1211:doi
1207:124
1138:doi
767:doi
518:'s
2473::
2451::
2418::
2395::
2382::
2369::
2356::
2343::
2320::
2297::
2284::
2261::
2248::
2235::
2222::
2209::
2186::
2173::
2160::
2147::
2124::
2111::
2098::
2075::
2062::
2049::
2036::
2023::
2010::
1997::
1974::
1951::
1916::
1901::
1460:.
1446:.
1432:.
1420:.
1358:.
1350:.
1338:.
1334:.
1314:.
1304:26
1302:.
1285:.
1273:86
1271:.
1267:.
1219:.
1205:.
1201:.
1134:53
1132:.
1128:.
1037:×
1007:×
820:^
788:^
761:.
755:.
688:,
664:.
626:.
564:×
554:×
229:L.
156::
143::
130::
117::
1494:e
1487:t
1480:v
1466:.
1452:.
1438:.
1366:.
1354::
1346::
1322:.
1310::
1293:.
1279::
1249:.
1227:.
1213::
1186:.
1144:.
1140::
1113:.
1076:.
1055:.
1045:"
1033:"
1021:.
1003:"
991:.
973:"
961:.
935:.
921:"
909:.
884:.
843:.
815:.
782:.
769::
753:"
749:"
505:.
495:×
491:(
389:×
83:)
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
