401:
527:
396:" commanded his army to attack them briskly; but not to kill any of the Salii, or prevent them from entering the Roman territories, because they came not as enemies, but were forced there As soon as the Salii heard of the kindness of emperor Julian the Apostate, some of them went with their king into the Roman territory, and others fled to the extremity of their country, but all humbly committed their lives and fortunes to Caesar's gracious protection."
81:
47:
381:
claimed that the
Salians had once lived under the same name outside the Roman Empire, saying that they had been forced away by Saxons, and had come to share control of Batavia with the Romans. Whatever their origins, Zosimus says they were being pushed out of Batavia by a Saxon group known as the "Kouadoi", a Greek spelling of "
368:
against Saxon and
Frankish pirates. In the time of Probus there is also record of a large group who decided to hijack some Roman ships and return with them from the Black Sea – reaching the Atlantic after causing chaos through Greece, Sicily and Gibraltar. It has been proposed that the meaning
715:
Before the
Merovingian takeover, the Salian tribes apparently constituted a loose confederacy that only occasionally banded together, for example to negotiate with Roman authority. Each tribe consisted of extended family groups centered on a particularly renowned or noble family. The importance of
380:
In the later period when the
Salians first appear in the record, the term Frank was not associated with seafaring or coastal tribes. Their origins before they lived in Batavia are uncertain. Much later, it was only Zosimus, and not Ammianus Marcellinus whose work he possibly partly followed, who
408:
The
Salians were then brought into Roman units defending the empire from other Frankish raiders. Ammianus Marcellinus (late 4th century), on the other hand, mentions the Chamavi, normally considered Frankish, as the Germanic tribe who had entered the empire in this area at this time. Unlike the
646:
The division of the
Frankish kingdom among Clovis’s four sons (511) was an event that would repeat in Frankish history over more than four centuries. By then, the Salic Law had established the exclusive right to succession of male descendants. This principle turned out to be an exercise in
420:'s pacification of the Germani using names of people which may only be poetic: "Salian now tills his fields, the Sygambrian beats his straight sword into a curved sickle". (The Sugambri had apparently long ago been defeated and moved by the Romans.)
219:
meaning friend or comrade, indicating that the term initially implied an alliance. In that case, the name may have originated in the empire itself, or the river and/or region might be named after the inhabitants (rather than the reverse).
647:
interpretation, rather than the simple implementation of a new model of succession. No trace of an established practice of territorial division can be discovered among
Germanic peoples other than the Franks.
457:). According to Lanting & van der Plicht (2010), this probably happened in the period 445–450. Chlodio is never referred to as Salian, only Frankish, and his origins unclear. He is said by
228:
The
Salians, unlike other Franks, first appear living inside the Roman Empire, living in the Rhine delta in the modern Netherlands. Although often treated as a tribe it has also been argued by
388:
According to
Zosimus, these Saxons had used boats on the Rhine to get around other Frankish tribes who effectively protected the Roman frontier, and into the Roman river delta. The emperor
377:, the term "Saxon" came to refer to coastal Germanic groups specialised in raiding Roman territories by boat, whereas the Franks were strongly associated with the inland Rhine region.
727:
had been at least partly converted to
Christianity since the mid-4th century, polytheistic beliefs are thought to have flourished among the Salian Franks until the conversion of
281:
The account of Zosimus, that the Salians had been pushed into the empire as a single tribe, is still often accepted. In this case, their homeland may have been between the
643:, the Salians adopted Catholic Christianity early on; giving them a relationship with the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and their subjects in conquered territories.
320:
In 358, the Salians came to some form of agreement with the Romans, which allowed them to keep settlements south of the delta in Toxandria, between the rivers
786:"De C-chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Merovingische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische schema's"
612:. After 250 years of this dynasty, marked by internecine struggles, a gradual decline occurred. The position in society of the Merovingians was taken over by
982:"De 14C-chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Merovische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische thema's"
1196:
1053:
731:
to Catholicism shortly before or after 500, after which paganism diminished gradually. On the other hand it is possible many Salians in Gaul were already
592:. Clovis became the absolute ruler of a Germanic kingdom of mixed Galloroman-Germanic population in 486. He consolidated his rule with victories over the
588:, whose birth was associated with supernatural elements. Childeric and Clovis were described as Kings of the Franks, and rulers of the Roman province of
620:
700:
Apart from some isolated fragments, there is no record of the Salian Frankish language but it is presumed to be ancestral to the modern family of
823:
876:
183:. In line with theories that the Salians already existed as a tribe outside the Roman Empire, the name may have derived from the name of the
1235:
1217:
1024:
G. Salaün, A. McGregor & P. Périn, "Empreintes inédites de l'anneau sigillaire de Childéric Ier : état des connaissances",
993:
797:
423:
From the first half of the fifth century onwards, a group of Franks pushed south west through the boundary of the Roman inhabited
1270:
966:
179:
Various etymologies are proposed. The ethnonym is unrelated to the name for the dancing priests of Mars, who were also called
619:
In Gaul, a fusion of Roman and Germanic societies was occurring. During the period of Merovingian rule, the Franks began to
469:, which was in "Thuringia". The most common interpretations of these names are neither in Salian Batavia nor in Toxandria.
392:
took the opportunity to allow the Salii to settle in Toxandria, south of Batavia, where they had previously been expelled:
537:, king of the Salian Franks from 457 to 481. Inscription CHILDIRICI REGIS ("of Childeric the king"). Found in his tomb at
1176:
Dierkens, Alain; PĂ©rin, Patrick (2003). "The 5th-century advance of the Franks in Belgica II: history and archaeology".
290:
232:
that this might represent a misunderstanding. All of the classical mentions of them seem to derive from one mention by
623:
following the baptism of Clovis I in 496, an event that inaugurated the alliance between the Frankish kingdom and the
385:" which some authors believe might be a misunderstanding for the Frankish Chamavi, who were mentioned by Ammianus.
1275:
1205:
768:
616:, who came from a northern area around the river Meuse in what is now Belgium and the southern Netherlands.
409:
Salii, these Chamavi were expelled from Roman lands. Their grain was disappointingly unready for Roman use.
1161:
Anderson, Thomas. 1995. "Roman Military Colonies in Gaul, Salian Ethnogenesis and the Forgotten Meaning of
905:
814:
357:
137:
167:
The traditional historiography sees the Salians as one of the main divisions of the Franks alongside the
869:
624:
317:. (The difference between Saxons and Franks in the earliest records which mention them is not clear.)
229:
1241:
1114:
844:
840:
764:
481:
233:
526:
61:
56:
1137:
901:
676:
originated about 630 and has been described as a later development of the Frankish laws known from
400:
389:
275:
89:
695:
504:
493:
171:. Recent scholarship, however, has often questioned the ethnic significance of both these terms.
65:
274:. The first historian to say that the Salians had been pushed into the empire from outside was
1231:
1213:
1149:
989:
954:
793:
561:
473:
341:
207:
148:
who appear in the historical record in the fourth and fifth centuries. They lived west of the
981:
785:
1123:
1094:
The laws of the Salian Franks. Translated and with an Introduction by Katherine Fischer Drew
1043:
667:
569:
542:
462:
458:
424:
365:
345:
245:
896:
589:
670:, although they also clearly had connections with the Rhineland or Ripuarian Franks. The
404:
Movement of the Salian Franks from the Rhine–Meuse area to the Scheldt delta in c.400–450
1145:
938:
891:
720:, which ordained that an individual had no right to protection if not part of a family.
705:
701:
31:
1190:
356:
The first mention of Franks in the area was about 286 AD, during the reign of emperor
1264:
1185:
1048:
428:
337:
658:
are thought to have had Salian ancestry, because they applied so-called Salian law (
672:
613:
581:
153:
80:
1246:
449:
484:, called upon his Germanic allies on Roman soil to help fight off an invasion by
1212:. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell.
651:
632:
609:
605:
593:
549:
534:
530:
157:
149:
369:
of the term Frank changed over time and that these pirate Franks were actually
278:, but his description of events seems to be confused and derived from others.
678:
557:
298:
168:
1247:
The Franks, from Their First Appearance in History to the Death of King Pepin
1057:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 172–172.
770:
The Franks, from their first appearance in history to the death of King Pepin
717:
709:
577:
497:
361:
259:
94:
85:
1200:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–36.
988:(in Dutch). Groningen: Groningen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 46–47.
199:, which may be the Salians' original residence. Today this area is called
732:
728:
640:
636:
601:
585:
573:
553:
512:
417:
413:
271:
255:
724:
538:
454:
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436:
374:
333:
321:
302:
263:
250:
200:
161:
17:
485:
432:
370:
314:
310:
309:
might have been one of the peoples making up the large nation of the
294:
286:
184:
145:
1042:
560:
were said to be related, and the legal code they published for the
682:. On the other hand, following the interpretation of Springer the
663:
628:
597:
565:
382:
329:
325:
282:
180:
129:
79:
35:
967:"LacusCurtius • Claudian — on the Consulship of Stilicho, Book 1"
596:
and all the other Frankish tribes and established his capital in
240:". Ammianus, who served in the Roman military, reported that the
655:
489:
30:"Salians" redirects here. For the eleventh-century dynasty, see
500:, which temporarily ended the Hunnic threat to Western Europe.
1132:
Ten Books of Histories, better known as the Historia Francorum
40:
1189:
507:
listing Roman military units in the 5th century mentions the
27:
4th and 5th century Franks in today's Netherlands and Belgium
492:. Franks answered the call and fought in the battle of the
461:(II.9) to have launched his attack on Tournai through the
212:
1228:
The Germanic Invasions: The Making of Europe, AD 400–600
837:
Francos, eos videlicet quos consuetudo Salios appellavit
604:, his sons drove the Visigoths to Spain and subdued the
313:
during the Roman Empire, most of whom apparently became
773:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts.
301:, and they may have given their name to the region of
373:, or some other coastal people. Centuries before the
686:may simply have meant something like "Common Law".
662:) in their Roman-populated territories between the
206:Alternatively, the name may derive from a proposed
548:While their relationship to Chlodio is uncertain,
340:, and adjacent parts of the two bordering Belgian
735:Christians, like contemporary Germanic kingdoms.
364:was put in charge of defending the coasts of the
266:. The account implies that they entered into the
1081:Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376-568
236:of "Franks, those namely whom custom calls the
925:Lanting; van der Plicht (2010) p.69; Nonn p.26
600:. After he had defeated the Visigoths and the
336:, which contains the modern Dutch province of
751:
144:), were a northwestern subgroup of the early
8:
980:Lanting, J. N.; van der Plicht, J. (2010).
916:Lanting; van der Plicht (2010) pp.67&73
262:(both within the empire), by the non-Roman
1075:
1073:
1036:
1034:
810:
808:
704:dialects, which are represented today by
519:based in Gaul. There is also record of a
525:
496:in a temporary alliance with Romans and
399:
744:
115: Germanic tribes east of the Rhine
824:Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed
716:the family bond was made clear by the
654:kings responsible for the conquest of
584:, were named after Childeric's father
1255:The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 AD.
305:. It has also been proposed that the
7:
1144:, London, Green and Chaplin. Book 1.
1083:(Cambridge University Press), p. 308
1028:, 39 (2008), pp. 217–224 (esp. 218).
435:. These Franks, headed by a certain
427:and expanded their territory to the
572:, a region the Franks later called
439:, conquered an area which included
1119:History of the Later Roman Empire.
25:
986:Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010)
784:Lanting; van der Plicht (2010),
45:
244:were pushed from their home in
1250:. Longman, Brown, Green: 1857.
71:Proposed since September 2024.
1:
1180:. Barkhuis. pp. 165–193.
564:speaking country between the
34:. For the Roman priests, see
874:Abridgement of Roman History
443:(the modern Belgian city of
1067:See for example James p.58.
1041:Pfister, Christian (1911).
472:In 451, Chlodio's opponent
453:(the modern French city of
54:It has been suggested that
1292:
1178:Essays on the Early Franks
693:
639:counterparts, who adopted
556:, who gained control over
332:, roughly the area of the
29:
752:Dierkens & PĂ©rin 2003
509:Salii iuniores Gallicani
195:, and in ancient times,
1197:Encyclopædia Britannica
1128:Decem Libri Historiarum
1054:Encyclopædia Britannica
723:While the Goths or the
214:
187:river, formerly called
1271:Early Germanic peoples
1226:Musset, Lucien :
949:Ammianus Marcellinus,
545:
405:
398:
117:
1242:Perry, Walter Copland
1167:Early Medieval Europe
1026:Antiquités Nationales
815:Naam regio: Salland (
765:Perry, Walter Copland
625:Roman Catholic Church
580:. Their dynasty, the
529:
403:
394:
152:in what was then the
84:Salian settlement in
83:
1163:Pactus Legis Salicae
1115:Ammianus Marcellinus
1044:"Merovingians"
482:Western Roman Empire
412:In a poem from 400,
234:Ammianus Marcellinus
64:into this article. (
902:Constantius Chlorus
754:, pp. 166–167.
390:Julian the Apostate
109: Salian Franks
90:Julian the Apostate
696:Frankish mythology
621:adopt Christianity
546:
505:Notitia dignitatum
494:Catalaunian Fields
465:from a fort named
406:
289:in the modern day
124:, also called the
118:
103: Roman Empire
1156:Secondary sources
1150:Panegyrici Latini
1092:K. Fischer Drew,
706:Dutch and Flemish
576:, was called the
346:Antwerp Provinces
230:Matthias Springer
78:
77:
73:
16:(Redirected from
1283:
1223:
1201:
1193:
1181:
1124:Gregory of Tours
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668:Silva Carbonaria
570:Silva Carbonaria
543:Monnaie de Paris
521:numerus Saliorum
463:Carbonaria Silva
459:Gregory of Tours
425:Silva Carbonaria
366:Straits of Dover
360:(276–282), when
217:
114:
108:
102:
69:
49:
48:
41:
21:
1291:
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1276:Frankish people
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1109:Primary sources
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897:Latin Panegyric
886:
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834:
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813:
806:
800:
783:
782:
778:
763:
762:
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746:
741:
698:
692:
627:. Unlike their
608:, Alemanni and
590:Belgica Secunda
354:
226:
177:
116:
112:
110:
106:
104:
100:
74:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1278:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1202:
1191:"Franks"
1188:, ed. (1911).
1186:Chisholm, Hugh
1182:
1173:
1157:
1154:
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1152:
1147:
1135:
1121:
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1049:Chisholm, Hugh
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972:
958:
942:
927:
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862:
849:
828:
804:
798:
790:Palaeohistoria
776:
756:
743:
742:
740:
737:
708:dialects, and
702:Low Franconian
691:
688:
517:Salii seniores
474:Flavius AĂ«tius
353:
350:
293:region of the
225:
222:
176:
173:
156:and today the
111:
105:
99:
76:
75:
57:Salian kingdom
53:
51:
44:
32:Salian dynasty
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1288:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1238:, p. 68.
1237:
1236:1-56619-326-5
1233:
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1219:0-631-17936-4
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1206:James, Edward
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995:9789077922736
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936:Nova Historia
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856:Ulrich Nonn,
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799:9789077922736
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541:, now in the
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532:
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487:
483:
480:ruler of the
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122:Salian Franks
97:
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88:in 358 where
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59:
58:
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
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1172:(2): 129–44.
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1131:
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1104:Bibliography
1093:
1088:
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1011:
999:. Retrieved
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759:
747:
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714:
699:
683:
677:
673:Lex Ripuaria
671:
659:
649:
645:
618:
614:Carolingians
594:Gallo-Romans
582:Merovingians
552:and his son
547:
520:
516:
508:
502:
477:
471:
466:
448:
440:
431:in northern
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154:Roman Empire
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93:
70:
55:
1253:Wood, Ian,
1142:New History
955:Book XVII-8
858:Die Franken
652:Merovingian
610:Thuringians
606:Burgundians
550:Childeric I
535:Childeric I
531:Signet ring
416:celebrates
158:Netherlands
150:Lower Rhine
1265:Categories
1210:The Franks
951:Res Gestae
877:Book IX:21
694:See also:
684:Lex Salica
679:Lex Salica
660:Lex Salica
650:The later
558:Roman Gaul
299:Gelderland
169:Ripuarians
140:: Σάλιοι,
92:made them
1096:(1991), 6
1079:Halsall,
1015:Nonn p.26
870:Eutropius
718:Salic Law
710:Afrikaans
637:Lombardic
633:Burgundic
578:Salic law
511:based in
498:Visigoths
467:Dispargum
450:Cameracum
362:Carausius
260:Toxandria
175:Etymology
95:dediticii
86:Toxandria
1244:(1857).
1208:(1988).
1140:(1814):
939:Book III
934:Zosimus
887:Zosimus
817:in Dutch
767:(1857).
641:Arianism
602:Alemanni
586:Merovech
574:Neustria
568:and the
554:Clovis I
513:Hispania
478:de facto
441:Turnacum
418:Stilicho
414:Claudian
285:and the
272:Tongeren
258:), into
256:Nijmegen
208:Germanic
1230:,1975,
1165:59.5".
1138:Zosimus
1051:(ed.).
845:English
835:Latin:
821:, p.6,
725:Vandals
690:Culture
562:Romance
539:Tournai
455:Cambrai
445:Tournai
437:Chlodio
375:Vikings
352:History
342:Limburg
334:Campine
322:Scheldt
303:Salland
276:Zosimus
268:civitas
264:Chamavi
251:civitas
246:Batavia
224:Origins
201:Salland
162:Belgium
126:Salians
66:Discuss
18:Salians
1234:
1216:
1001:8 July
992:
892:Book I
860:, p.82
796:
729:Clovis
629:Gothic
515:, the
486:Attila
447:) and
433:France
371:Frisii
358:Probus
328:, and
315:Saxons
311:Chauci
295:Veluwe
287:IJssel
215:saljon
189:Hisloa
185:IJssel
146:Franks
142:Salioi
113:
107:
101:
62:merged
1257:1994.
1047:. In
841:Latin
739:Notes
733:Arian
664:Loire
598:Paris
566:Loire
429:Somme
383:Quadi
330:Demer
326:Meuse
307:Salii
291:Dutch
283:Rhine
248:(the
242:Salii
238:Salii
213:*
210:word
193:Hisla
181:Salii
138:Greek
134:Salii
130:Latin
36:Salii
1232:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1003:2020
990:ISBN
894:and
794:ISBN
666:and
656:Gaul
635:and
503:The
490:Huns
344:and
197:Sala
160:and
120:The
900:to
533:of
488:'s
270:of
254:of
203:.
191:or
60:be
1267::
1194:.
1134:).
1126:,
1117:,
1072:^
1033:^
984:.
953:,
904:,
872:,
839:.
807:^
788:,
712:.
631:,
523:.
476:,
348:.
324:,
297:,
164:.
136:;
132::
98:.
1222:.
1170:4
1130:(
1005:.
969:.
907:.
847:.
843:,
819:)
128:(
68:)
38:.
20:)
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