728:
have used a different orthography since April 12 2002. This orthography is based in part on the phonetic realisation by MarĂa
Claudia González Rátiva and Hortensia Estrada RamĂrez, and can be considered as a phonological orthography that takes dialectal variation into account.
238:
area the language is only conserved to a high degree among elderly women; others understand Sáliba but no longer express themselves in the language." Native speakers have a literacy rate of 1-5%, and second-language speakers have a Sáliba literacy rate of 15-25%.
227:"This language group was so isolated that the language was reported extinct in 1965." It is not being passed on to many children, but that practice is being reconsidered. As of 2007, "Sáliva speakers now are almost all bilingual in
247:"Sáliba is an SOV language with noun classes and nominal classifiers. The language has a rich morphological system. In some cases, the realization of a verbal morpheme depends upon the form of the stem."
255:"Sáliba has a limited voicing distinction, and boasts six places of articulation for plosives. There are also two rhotics, and nasal counterparts for each of the five places of articulation for vowels."
1353:
1338:
31:
1218:
1358:
1363:
1343:
79:
1348:
147:
944:
205:
725:
1100:
1201:
977:
495:
1272:
1167:
721:
377:
357:
266:
1232:
610:
The consonants <c, ch, p, t> are pronounced as doubled sonorants when between two vowels;
17:
1214:
1002:
286:
276:
209:
446:
271:
228:
164:
473:
425:
281:
71:
1176:
594:
452:
305:
96:
1304:
Jotana cããdehgahdu omaĩhdu - Algunos animales de la sabana: Libro de lectura en sáliba
231:, and Sáliva children are only learning Spanish instead of their ancestral language."
139:
1332:
1294:
Jotana oxelluhwahgahdu pajÄ©tu - Algunos peces de los rĂos: Libro de lectura en sáliba
1121:
531:
221:
201:
616:<j> represents a glottal fricative and <x> represents a velar fricative;
1234:
Lo más importante es vivir en paz: Los sálibas de los Llanos
Orientales de Colombia
189:
103:
220:"Saliba was spoken by an ethnic group that lived along the central reaches of the
919:
1147:
543:
526:
152:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1253:
897:
892:
573:
536:
193:
1317:(Edición provisional ed.). Colombia: Asocsáliba Morichito Casanare. 1992
558:
182:
132:
116:
52:
1211:
Vocabulario comparativo. Palabras selectas de lenguas indĂgenas de
Colombia
717:
600:
The Saliba-Spanish dictionary by
Benaissa uses the following orthography:
607:
Long vowels are indicated with a double letter <aa, ee, ii, oo, uu>;
123:
1120:
Rosés
Labrada, Jorge Emilio; Estrada RamĂrez, Hortensia (December 2020).
178:
48:
1314:
Tubojaha tõjagihdihgã (No olividemos el idioma: cartilla de transición)
197:
235:
186:
1196:
972:
948:
192:
in the 17th century to communicate with indigenous peoples of the
1154:
949:"Saliva Indian Women Making Cassava Bread, Province of Casanare"
604:
Nasal vowels are indicated with a tilde <ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ>;
1070:
1058:
1003:"Language Hotspots - Northern South and Central America"
1122:"Sáliba (Colombia y Venezuela) – Contextos de lenguas"
146:
130:
114:
109:
93:
68:
58:
44:
39:
1280:. Lomalinda: Instituto LingĂĽĂstico de Verano. 1974
1213:, Bogota, Instituto LingĂĽĂstico de Verano, 1992.
1148:"OLAC resources in and about the Sáliba language"
1025:Alexandra Y. Aikhenvlad & R. M. Dixon (1999).
1007:Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages
613:<f> is pronounced as a bilabial fricative;
1082:
996:
994:
920:"E-MELD School of Best Practice: About Sáliba"
208:is an early depiction of the Saliva people in
1258:Sistemas fonolĂłgicos de idiomas colombianos 4
1001:Anderson, Gregory; K. David Harrison (2007).
172:
8:
1240:. Bogotá: Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo
1178:Vocabulario sáliba-español, español-sáliba
36:
1071:RosĂ©s Labrada & Estrada RamĂrez 2020
1059:RosĂ©s Labrada & Estrada RamĂrez 2020
1046:
1034:
731:
622:
517:
257:
1231:Frank, Paul S.; Nancy L. Morse (1997).
914:
912:
910:
882:
1129:Language Documentation and Description
1099:HerĂquez GuarĂn, MarĂa Clara (2018).
888:
886:
263:
7:
1274:Jiputena pucuea ãxu tiño sehwaha ipu
1209:Huber, Randall Q.; Reed, Robert B.;
1260:. SIL International. pp. 89–98
1155:Bilingual Spanish-Saliba dictionary
1105:Diccionario bilingüe sáliba-español
619:<h> represents a glottal stop
1184:. Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo
32:Saliba language (Papua New Guinea)
25:
1307:. : Ministerio de Gobierno. 1974.
1297:. : Ministerio de Gobierno. 1974.
973:"A Study of the Saliba Language"
204:valleys. An 1856 watercolor by
177:) is an indigenous language of
18:Saliba language (South America)
1:
1354:Subject–object–verb languages
1168:"Sáliba wordlist with audio"
733:Saliba alphabet (2002)
624:Benaissa's alphabet (1991)
571:
556:
541:
493:
471:
444:
423:
403:
375:
355:
332:
303:
1161:Dictionaries and vocabulary
593:Saliba is written with the
1380:
1197:"Arte de la lengua sáliba"
29:
1205:. Orocué, Colombia. 1790.
494:
445:
424:
376:
356:
304:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
27:Language of South America
1339:Piaroa–Saliban languages
1101:"Manual del diccionario"
30:Not to be confused with
1175:Benaissa, Taik (1991).
903:(subscription required)
64:(1,600 cited 1991–2008)
1359:Languages of Venezuela
1254:"FonologĂa del sáliba"
173:
168:
1364:Languages of Colombia
1202:World Digital Library
978:World Digital Library
953:World Digital Library
185:. Saliba was used by
1344:Culture of Venezuela
1083:HerĂquez GuarĂn 2018
1047:Benaissa et al. 1991
1035:Benaissa et al. 1991
234:As of 2007, "In the
1349:Culture of Colombia
1037:, p. vii-viii.
738:
625:
520:
260:
1061:, p. 223-224.
732:
623:
518:
258:
945:Paz, Manuel MarĂa
901:(18th ed., 2015)
874:
873:
714:
713:
586:
585:
516:
515:
476:
455:
407:
384:
336:
312:
300:
295:
210:Casanare Province
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
1371:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1252:Benaissa, Taik.
1248:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1206:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1171:
1151:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
998:
989:
988:
986:
985:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
941:
935:
934:
932:
931:
916:
905:
904:
890:
739:
626:
521:
474:
451:
405:
382:
334:
310:
298:
293:
261:
206:Manuel MarĂa Paz
179:Eastern Colombia
176:
142:
126:
119:
99:
74:
37:
21:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1146:
1143:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
992:
983:
981:
971:
970:
966:
957:
955:
943:
942:
938:
929:
927:
918:
917:
908:
902:
891:
884:
879:
716:The Salibas of
591:
253:
245:
218:
138:
122:
115:
100:
95:
89:
75:
72:Language family
70:
61:
60:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1377:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1269:
1249:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1207:
1193:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1141:External links
1139:
1138:
1137:
1131:(in Spanish).
1117:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1073:, p. 224.
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1018:
990:
964:
936:
906:
881:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
712:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
595:Latin alphabet
590:
589:Writing system
587:
584:
583:
581:
578:
576:
570:
569:
566:
564:
561:
555:
554:
551:
549:
546:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
514:
513:
511:
509:
507:
504:
501:
498:
492:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
480:
478:
470:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
458:
456:
449:
443:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
431:
428:
422:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
385:
380:
374:
373:
371:
369:
367:
364:
362:
360:
354:
353:
351:
348:
345:
343:
340:
337:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
319:
316:
313:
308:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
252:
249:
244:
241:
217:
214:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
136:
128:
127:
120:
112:
111:
110:Language codes
107:
106:
101:
97:Writing system
94:
91:
90:
88:
87:
80:Piaroa–Saliban
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1376:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:General works
1224:
1220:
1219:958-21-0037-0
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
991:
980:
979:
974:
968:
965:
954:
950:
946:
940:
937:
925:
921:
915:
913:
911:
907:
900:
899:
894:
889:
887:
883:
876:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
736:
730:
727:
726:Santa RosalĂa
723:
722:Caño Mochuelo
719:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
627:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
596:
588:
582:
579:
577:
575:
572:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
522:
512:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
497:
490:
488:
486:
484:
481:
479:
477:
472:
468:
466:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:
448:
441:
439:
437:
435:
432:
429:
427:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
409:
404:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
386:
381:
379:
372:
370:
368:
365:
363:
361:
359:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
338:
333:
328:
325:
322:
320:
317:
314:
309:
307:
297:
292:
291:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
256:
250:
248:
242:
240:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
222:Orinoco River
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
175:
170:
166:
162:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:
134:
129:
125:
121:
118:
113:
108:
105:
102:
98:
92:
86:
83:
82:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1319:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1293:
1282:. Retrieved
1273:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1210:
1200:
1186:. Retrieved
1177:
1132:
1128:
1109:. Retrieved
1107:(in Spanish)
1104:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
982:. Retrieved
976:
967:
956:. Retrieved
952:
939:
928:. Retrieved
923:
896:
734:
715:
599:
592:
254:
246:
233:
226:
219:
190:missionaries
160:
159:
131:
84:
1093:Works cited
496:Approximant
259:Consonants
1333:Categories
1321:2013-05-24
1284:2013-05-23
1264:2013-05-24
1244:2013-05-24
1188:2013-05-23
1135:: 197–239.
1012:2013-05-23
984:2013-05-23
958:2014-05-21
930:2013-05-23
898:Ethnologue
877:References
378:Fricative
358:Affricate
251:Phonology
183:Venezuela
133:Glottolog
117:ISO 639-3
53:Venezuela
272:Alveolar
267:Bilabial
140:sali1298
49:Colombia
532:Central
519:Vowels
287:Glottal
277:Palatal
243:Grammar
229:Spanish
202:Vichada
198:Orinoco
165:Spanish
1217:
1111:2 July
926:. 2005
924:E-MELD
893:Saliba
737:
735:·
724:, and
718:Orocué
447:Rhotic
406:Voiced
335:Voiced
236:Orocué
200:, and
187:Jesuit
174:Sáliva
169:Sáliba
161:Saliba
153:Sáliva
85:Saliba
40:Saliba
1278:(PDF)
1238:(PDF)
1182:(PDF)
1125:(PDF)
544:Close
527:Front
475:Trill
426:Nasal
383:Plain
311:Plain
282:Velar
104:Latin
1215:ISBN
1113:2022
574:Open
537:Back
453:Flap
366:d͡ʒ
306:Stop
299:lab.
294:nor.
194:Meta
181:and
51:and
895:at
816:kw
784:gw
769:ee
671:ll
641:ch
559:Mid
350:ɡʷ
326:kĘ·
224:."
216:Use
148:ELP
124:slc
1335::
1256:.
1199:.
1133:19
1127:.
1103:.
1005:.
993:^
975:.
951:.
947:.
922:.
909:^
885:^
870:y
867:u’
864:uu
861:Ĺ©
849:rr
846:r
840:o’
837:oo
831:o
810:xw
805:x
802:jw
799:j
796:i’
793:ii
778:fw
772:e’
757:ch
754:b
751:a’
748:aa
720:,
710:w
701:t
686:õ
656:h
597:.
580:a
568:o
563:e
553:u
548:i
506:j
503:l
500:w
482:r
460:Éľ
433:n
430:m
410:β
400:h
395:x
390:s
387:ɸ
347:ɡ
342:d
339:b
329:Ę”
323:k
318:t
315:p
212:.
196:,
171:,
167::
1324:.
1287:.
1267:.
1247:.
1191:.
1170:.
1150:.
1115:.
1085:.
1049:.
1015:.
987:.
961:.
933:.
858:u
855:t
852:s
843:p
834:õ
828:ñ
825:n
822:m
819:l
813:k
790:Ä©
787:i
781:g
775:f
766:áş˝
763:e
760:d
745:ĂŁ
742:a
707:Ĺ©
704:u
698:s
695:r
692:q
689:p
683:o
680:ñ
677:n
674:m
668:l
665:j
662:Ä©
659:i
653:g
650:f
647:e
644:d
638:c
635:b
632:ĂŁ
629:a
163:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.