1322:
3482:
42:
3469:
94:
69:
3475:
869:
615:
3651:
1084:
1303:, and often spawn several times throughout their lives, typically every second or third year. Young Arctic char emerge from the gravel in spring and stay in the river from 5 to 7 months, or until they are about 15–20 cm (6–8 in) in length. Sexual maturity in Arctic char ranges from 4 to 10 years old and 50–60 cm (20–24 in) in length.
625:
Arctic char has a distinct size dimorphism, dwarf and giant. Dwarf Arctic char weigh between 0.2 and 2.3 kg (7 oz and 5 lb 1 oz) and average a length of 8 cm (3 in), while giant Arctic char weigh between 2.3 and 4.5 kg (5 lb 1 oz and 9 lb 15 oz)
1334:
1122:
Generally, Arctic char inhabits shallow waters, rarely swimming deeper than 3 m (10 ft) depth. An exception to this applies to landlocked Arctic chars, which often swim much deeper in the summer in order to occupy colder waters. Dwarf Arctic chars are more common in landlocked populations
1110:
Arctic chars found north of 65°N latitude are generally anadromous. Anadromous Arctic chars spend their juvenile years in fresh water, and once mature, migrate annually to the marine environment. The first migration of Arctic char has been found to occur between 4 and 13 years of age. When in the
1494: oz), and are then transferred to tanks each capable of holding 5000 fish. Arctic char first exhibits a rapid growth spurt during this phase, reaching its market weight of 1–2.5 kg (2–6 lb) within a year. They are fed dried pellets consisting mainly of fish meal and fish oil from
1532:
Seafood Watch program added farmed Arctic char as an environmentally sustainable Best Choice for consumers, stating: "Arctic char use only a moderate amount of marine resources for feed” and that they “are farmed in land-based, closed systems that minimize the risk of escape into the wild."
1356:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1468:, and could provide producers with a different niche in the marketplace. The initial research efforts concentrated on identifying the cultural needs and performance characteristics of the species. The Freshwater Institute was responsible for distributing small numbers of
1209:
when defending from their predators. It will appear darker in its freshwater environments and lighter in its marine environments. Additionally, some juveniles have highly sensitive recognition of predator odours and respond to chemical cues from different fish predators.
1278:
Spawning occurs over rocky shoals in lakes with heavy wave action and in slower gravel-bottom pools in rivers. As with most salmonids, vast differences in colouration and body shape occur between sexually mature males and females. Males develop hooked jaws known as
1361:
1358:
1291:
the females by rubbing up against them slightly. As the female lays her eggs, the male fertilizes her, which takes place during the daylight hours. Most males set up and guard territories and often spawn with several females. The female constructs the nest, or
1357:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1225:
During late spring and summer, Arctic char feeds on insects found on the water's surface, salmon eggs, snails and other smaller crustaceans found on the lake bottom, and smaller fish up to a third of its size. During the autumn and winter months, it feeds on
1338:
1090:
1360:
1088:
2293:
Alekseyev, S.S.; Gordeeva, N.V.; Matveev, A.N.; Samusenok, V.P.; Vokin, A.I.; Yur'rev, A.L. (2014). "Three
Sympatric forms of Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus Complex (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from Lake Kamkanda, Northern Transbaikalia".
603:, and has many characteristics of both. The fish is highly variable in colour, depending on the time of year and the environmental conditions of the lake where it lives. The appearance of Arctic char differs between populations. The
861:, changing water levels are believed to have connected the lake with glacial runoff and surrounding streams and rivers, allowing char to swim upstream into the lake. Arctic char is the only fish found in the lake, and signs of fish
1460:
Arctic char was first investigated because they expected it to have low optimum temperature requirements and would grow well at the cold water temperatures present in numerous areas of Canada. It could be an alternate species to
1050:
is the intrageneric hybrid between Arctic char and brook trout. Sparctic char grows faster than either parent species, are stronger and healthier, and are thus popular for sports fisheries. Some of these hybrids are
1139:. There is no other species of freshwater fish found at a higher latitude. Arctic char is native to Arctic and subarctic coasts and lakes of high elevations. In general, it has been observed in the Canadian Arctic,
1472:
to producers in Canada; these producers in return helped determine the suitability of Arctic char in a commercial setting. Commercial Arctic char breeding stocks have now been developed largely from these sources.
900:
within lakes or rivers. Morphs often vary significantly in size, shape, and colour. Morphs often demonstrate differences in migratory behaviour, being resident or anadromous fish, and in feeding behaviour and
1337:
2176:
Malmquist, H. J., Snorrason, S. S., Skulason, S., Jonsson, B., Sandlund, O. T., & Jonasson, P. M. (1992). Diet differentiation in polymorphic Arctic charr in
Thingvallavatn, Iceland.
490:
1311:
Time to hatching varies, but usually occurs between two and three months, with the longest have been observed at five months. Arctic char ranges between 40 and 70 mg upon hatching.
1315:
are immediately independent of parents at hatching, and stay at the bottom of the gravel till they are 15–18 cm (6–7 in) in length. Growth rates of Arctic char vary greatly.
1359:
1086:
1421:
Research aimed at determining the suitability of Arctic char as a cultured species has been going on since the late 1970s. The
Canadian government's Freshwater Institute of
483:, where they return from the ocean to their fresh water birth rivers to spawn. No other freshwater fish is found as far north; it is, for instance, the only fish species in
1616:
905:
placement. Morphs often interbreed, but they can also be reproductively isolated and represent genetically distinct populations, which have been cited as examples of
3845:
650:. Generally, whole market-sized fish are between 1 and 2.5 kg (2 lb 3 oz and 5 lb 8 oz). Male and female Arctic char are the same size.
3920:
626:
and average 40 cm (16 in) in length. Individual fish can weigh 9 kg (20 lb) or more with record-sized fish having been taken by anglers in
3987:
2445:
2773:"Genetic divergence among and within Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations inhabiting landlocked and sea-accessible sites in Labrador, Canada"
3819:
3858:
2987:"On the Age, Growth, Migration, Reproductive Potential and Feeding Habits of the Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island"
2634:"The marine temperature and depth preferences of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and sea trout (Salmo trutta), as recorded by data storage tags"
1321:
1070:
There has been no formal naming of the hybrid between Arctic char and lake trout as few studies have been done in regard to this hybridization.
4007:
3933:
2771:
Salisbury, Sarah J.; Booker, Connor; McCracken, Gregory R.; Knight, Tom; Keefe, Donald; Perry, Robert; Ruzzante, Daniel E. (3 October 2017).
4017:
2391:
University of
Iceland, Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences: Arctic charr development evolution and genetics (Accessed August 2016)
959:
in Norway at a depth of 430 m (1,410 ft); The light-colored, translucent fish is up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long and lacks a
3248:
1413:. In 2004, it was estimated that the subsistence harvest in the Cambridge Bay area was about 50% the size of the commercial harvest.
4002:
2154:
2090:
2061:
2034:
2007:
3137:"The early ontogeny of digestive and metabolic enzyme activities in two commercial strains of arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.)"
1198:), and other fish species. Dwarf Arctic char are also often cannibalistically consumed by giant Arctic char. As ferox trout are an
1154:
Anadromous Arctic chars migrate to the sea annually in mid-June to mid-July. After about two months, they return to fresh water to
2342:"Characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic differentiation in a changing climate: The most northerly freshwater fish as a model"
1954:
1819:
3959:
3335:
3997:
1931:
1913:
681:
209:
2632:
Rikardsen, Audun H.; Diserud, Ola H.; Elliott, J. Malcolm; Dempson, J. Brian; Sturlaugsson, Johannes; Jensen, Arne J. (2007).
1430:
3863:
1505:
The land-based Arctic char farming systems are among the most environmentally responsible fish farming designs. They remove
3907:
2051:
350:
1638:
955:
morph. In 2004, a previously unknown species closely related to Arctic char were discovered swimming near the bottom of
710:
1679:"Growing large in a low grade environment: size dependent foraging gain and niche shifts to cannibalism in Arctic char"
1545:
is fine-flaked and medium firm. The colour is between light pink and deep red, and the taste is like something between
3728:
3193:"Reproduction and development in the dwarf form of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from Lake Davatchan, Transbaikalia"
1645:
1422:
3785:
93:
3925:
3798:
2024:
1997:
2895:"Innate antipredator responses of Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) depend on predator species and their diet"
3992:
1847:
1136:
320:
1299:
A female anadromous char usually deposits from 3000 to 5000 eggs. Arctic char do not die after spawning like
892:' throughout the range of the species. Consequently, Arctic char have been referred to as the "most variable
3511:
1284:
3709:
2633:
1678:
3671:
3638:
3623:
3598:
889:
3086:
3733:
3481:
1529:
1518:
1124:
688:
388:
273:
188:
1398:. There are also exploratory fisheries to examine potential for future commercial char fishing areas.
1265:
Some giant Arctic chars have been recorded as cannibals of their young as well as dwarf Arctic chars.
3964:
3754:
3633:
3531:
3328:
1247:
944:
906:
858:
777:
339:
3468:
2460:
2388:
2201:"Incipient speciation through niche expansion: an example from the Arctic charr in a subarctic lake"
41:
4012:
3398:
3378:
2441:
1406:
58:
3899:
2491:
261:
3593:
3568:
3443:
3438:
3220:
2922:
2866:
2792:
2746:
2719:"Energetic Constraints and Spawning Interval in the Anadromous Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)"
2311:
2268:
1748:
1027:
702:
619:
361:
218:
88:
2489:: life history, spatial and dietary alterations along gradients of interspecific interactions".
1594:
3886:
3850:
3946:
3741:
3458:
3212:
3164:
3156:
3136:
3108:
3087:"Life-history Traits of Charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from a High Arctic Watercourse on Svalbard"
3058:
2914:
2858:
2850:
2738:
2692:
2684:
2653:
2508:
2371:
2230:
2150:
2127:
2086:
2057:
2030:
2003:
1937:
1919:
1800:
1782:
1740:
1698:
1521:
crops. Leftovers from fish processing may be incorporated into dog food or delivered to local
1231:
888:
Arctic char is notable for exhibiting numerous, seemingly distinct morphological variants or '
842:
818:
3951:
3618:
3608:
3583:
3423:
3204:
3148:
3098:
3048:
3038:
2998:
2960:
2906:
2842:
2784:
2772:
2730:
2645:
2500:
2402:
2361:
2353:
2303:
2260:
2220:
2212:
2119:
1790:
1732:
1690:
1589:
1391:
1288:
1023:
917:
902:
846:
805:
697:
580:
576:
564:
548:
528:
3876:
1771:"Nonsurgical videolaparoscopy for determination of reproductive status of the Arctic charr"
1067:
Rivers in the northern part of the country, though are believed to be relatively uncommon.
3588:
3516:
3321:
3277:"Seafood Watch - Official Site of the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Sustainable Seafood Program"
1383:
1116:
1064:
627:
596:
584:
532:
468:
456:
3310:—Issue on the International Conference on the Conservation and Management of Arctic Charr
3304:
1889:
1409:. The fisheries are concentrated near communities and are predominately conducted using
3793:
3780:
3603:
3364:
2846:
2366:
2341:
2225:
2200:
1795:
1770:
1300:
877:
750:
301:
135:
2107:
749:
meaning " red", referring to its pink-red underside. This would also connect with its
3981:
3871:
3536:
3492:
3388:
2649:
1950:
1694:
1580:
1480:
facilities. The young fish remain in the hatchery until they reach about 100 g (
1462:
1454:
1434:
1395:
1199:
1159:
948:
925:
854:
809:
793:
761:
677:
536:
250:
205:
78:
73:
3224:
2986:
2948:
2926:
2870:
2796:
2315:
2272:
1818:
Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans
Statistical Services (19 December 2016).
1571:
1218:
The diet of Arctic char varies with season and location. Arctic chars are generally
547:, and is at risk there from acidification. In other parts of its range, such as the
3746:
3628:
3526:
3506:
3497:
3428:
3418:
3403:
1506:
1438:
1155:
1003:
960:
952:
921:
873:
544:
3474:
17:
2434:
Nationalnyckeln till
Sveriges flora och fauna. StrĂĄlfeniga fiskar. Actinopterygii
1382:
Numerous commercial fisheries take place in various river systems throughout the
3912:
3894:
3832:
3703:
3573:
3453:
3433:
3393:
3383:
3025:
Egeland, Torvald B.; Rudolfsen, Geir; Nordeide, Jarle T.; Folstad, Ivar (2016).
1495:
1410:
1257:
1227:
1219:
1191:
1144:
1096:
1056:
1038:
940:
868:
862:
801:
444:
2894:
2199:
Knudsen, Rune; Klemetsen, Anders; Amundsen, Per-Arne; Hermansen, Bjørn (2006).
3613:
3578:
3554:
3521:
3413:
3355:
3313:
3208:
2910:
2466:(Report). Medelande (in Swedish). Länstyrensen i Jönköpings Län. pp. 1–49
2307:
2264:
1649:
1499:
1345:
Natural
Resources Wales releases more than 5500 rare Arctic char in a lake in
1293:
1222:. There have been more than 30 species found in the stomachs of Arctic chars.
1179:
1060:
1031:
1011:
893:
785:
765:
716:
614:
604:
600:
571:) and it has been introduced in lakes where it sometimes threatens less hardy
484:
480:
472:
440:
165:
155:
145:
3694:
3655:
3216:
3160:
3112:
3062:
2918:
2854:
2742:
2688:
2657:
2131:
1786:
1744:
1702:
943:
has dwarf, 'normal', and normal-sized anadromous fish, and Lake Ellasjøen on
506:
492:
3767:
3541:
3448:
3192:
3043:
3026:
2788:
1312:
1283:
and take on a brilliant red colour. Females remain fairly silver. Males are
1171:
1140:
1052:
956:
739:
647:
452:
105:
3168:
2512:
2375:
2234:
2216:
822:. These scientific names are not generally accepted, however, as the names
666:
The Arctic char was initially scientifically described in the salmon genus
3650:
1804:
3806:
3720:
3688:
3408:
2949:"The Biology of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in Northern Labrador"
1963:
1510:
1502:
are also added, giving Arctic char its characteristic coral colouration.
1477:
1426:
1235:
932:
897:
831:
572:
476:
399:
125:
3152:
3141:
Journal of
Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology
2085:. Tomelleri, Joseph R. (illustrator). The Free Press. pp. 303–311.
1541:
Commercial Arctic char typically weigh 1–2.5 kg (2–6 lb). The
1202:, Arctic char is thus a key species throughout many lakes in its range.
3824:
3103:
3053:
3027:"Status Specific Tailoring of Sperm Behavior in an External Fertilizer"
2750:
2718:
2437:
2108:"A Systematic Study of the Salvelinus alpinus Complex in North America"
1752:
1720:
1522:
1450:
1442:
1387:
1262:
1242:
1206:
1010:
tend to grow faster and reach sexual maturity later than the char from
913:
835:
608:
556:
552:
540:
50:
3837:
3811:
2504:
2357:
2862:
2830:
2696:
2672:
2461:
Sommenröding: En kartläggning av rödingens lekområden 2006 & 2008
1550:
1514:
1446:
1148:
1007:
967:
936:
850:
797:
781:
448:
115:
3665:
3135:
Lemieux, Hélène; François, Nathalie R. Le; Blier, Pierre U. (2003).
3002:
2964:
2734:
2123:
1736:
1059:
Sparctic char have been found locally in Sweden, for example in the
3772:
3247:
Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (15 March 2011).
2251:
Klemetsen, Anders (2006). "The Most
Variable Vertebrate on Earth".
1513:
prior to releasing water from the fish tanks into the environment.
3369:
3351:
1842:
1840:
1677:
Finstad, Anders Gravbrøt; Ugedal, Ola; Berg, Ole
Kristian (2006).
1546:
1542:
1402:
1346:
1252:
1112:
1100:
1082:
722:
668:
613:
2580:
2432:
Kullander, Sven O.; Delling, Bo (2012). "Salvelinus – rödingar".
2389:
http://luvs.hi.is/arctic_charr_development_evolution_and_genetics
3938:
3759:
3276:
1280:
436:
3669:
3317:
2831:"Effect of human erythrocyte stromata on complement activation"
2829:
Corrocher, R.; Tedesco, F.; Rabusin, P.; De Sandre, G. (1975).
1119:
areas. They migrate back to frozen lakes at the end of summer.
1107:
Arctic char can be anadromous, landlocked, or semi-anadromous.
1721:"The Taxonomic Significance of the Kype in American Salmonids"
1469:
816:
is never anadromous. Dwarf Arctic char has been classified as
2340:
O'Malley, Kathleen G.; Vaux, Felix; Black, Andrew N. (2019).
1978:
1437:, pioneered the early efforts in Canada. Arctic char is also
653:
The flesh colour can range from a bright red to a pale pink.
2535:
986:
is the largest. Contrary to what the name may suggest when
2026:
Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D)
2581:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Salvelinus alpinus"
1261:). Lake-dwelling Arctic chars feed mostly on insects and
2145:
E. A. Keller; R. H. Blodgett & J. J. Clague (2010).
607:
side of the Arctic char is dark in its colour while the
2485:
Hammar, J. (2014). "Natural resilience in Arctic charr
982:. Wherever these types occur together in the same lake
2893:
Vilhunen, Sampsa; Hirvonen, Heikki (1 November 2003).
3085:
Gulseth, Odd A.; Nilssen, Kjell J. (1 January 2001).
1241:
The marine diet of Arctic char consists mostly of a
1238:
in the lake, and also occasionally on smaller fish.
784:'s northern coast. This subspecies is nearly always
3678:
3550:
3490:
3362:
1498:that are too small and bony for human consumption.
687:, which is the work that established the system of
2777:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
1999:An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
1769:Ortenburger, A I; Jansen, M E; Whyte, S K (1996).
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2246:
2244:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2112:Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
1617:"Synonyms of Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)"
920:is noted for the evolution of four morphs: small
3191:Pavlov, D. A.; Osinov, A. G. (1 February 2008).
2536:"NOBANIS - European Network on Invasive Species"
1476:Arctic char eggs are hatched within specialized
857:formed roughly 1.4 million years ago. Since the
2427:
2425:
2423:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
1095:Video of young Arctic char being released into
640:
632:
1367:Underwater video of char at Llyn Padarn, Wales
3329:
2579:Freyhof, J. & Kottelat (1 January 2008).
8:
2053:An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English
1517:removed from the water is used to fertilize
1401:Arctic char fisheries are important for the
730:
1595:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19877A9102572.en
738:The English name is thought to derive from
595:The Arctic char is closely related to both
3666:
3336:
3322:
3314:
2947:Andrews, C. W.; Lear, E. (13 April 2011).
1170:The main predators of Arctic char include
998:tend to be the largest morph. Even within
535:. It is one of the rarest fish species in
67:
40:
31:
3102:
3052:
3042:
2365:
2224:
2147:The Catastrophic Earth, Natural Disasters
1794:
1593:
1123:as a result of scarce resources (immense
1111:marine environment, Arctic chars inhabit
471:in freshwater and its populations can be
2991:Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada
2953:Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada
2677:The British Journal of Clinical Practice
1287:in sexual nature each season. They will
867:
2459:Melin, Daniel; Rydberg, Daniel (2009).
2077:Behnke, Robert J. (2002). "Arctic Char
1562:
1405:and in the subsistence economy of many
1317:
796:or Sunapee trout, is native to eastern
235:
3271:
3269:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
1894:Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance
713:(1836) separated them into a subgenus
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
1996:Skeat, Walter W. (15 February 2013).
1002:morphs can be found; for example the
970:three morphs are usually recognised:
830:usually refer to subspecies that are
691:for animals. Meanwhile, he described
7:
3799:a951ca7c-695d-48bf-aa22-ee9e9631bc22
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1764:
1762:
1714:
1712:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
872:Model of a 5.4 kg (12 lb)
611:varies from red, yellow, and white.
3988:IUCN Red List least concern species
2899:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2671:Maneksha, S.; Harry, T. V. (1975).
2585:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1581:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1349:, in a bid to preserve the species.
3031:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2847:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1975.tb01817.x
2205:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1979:"eDIL - Irish Language Dictionary"
1848:"Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus"
1570:Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008).
896:on Earth". These morphs are often
25:
2985:Grainger, E. H. (13 April 2011).
2083:Trout and Salmon of North America
721:, which now is treated as a full
701:, which were later considered as
551:, it is much more common, and is
407:Salvelinus lepechini profundicola
396:Salvelinus lepechini melanostomus
3649:
3480:
3473:
3467:
2650:10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00445.x
2050:Weekley, Ernest (5 March 2013).
1719:Morton, William Markham (1965).
1695:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.13990.x
1354:
1332:
1320:
1022:Arctic char is known to produce
92:
2673:"Lorazepam in sexual disorders"
2405:[New Fish Discovered].
2401:Mathismoen, Ole (11 May 2005).
1775:The Canadian Veterinary Journal
1205:Arctic char often demonstrates
2835:British Journal of Haematology
1431:Huntsman Marine Science Centre
1135:Arctic char exhibits a mostly
808:from most of its northeastern
543:, found mainly in deep, cold,
1:
4008:Freshwater fish of the Arctic
2149:. Pearson Custom Publishing.
2106:McPhail, J. D. (1 May 1961).
1890:"Canadian Farmed Arctic Char"
841:Arctic char is also found in
4018:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3344:Trout and char of the world
1646:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1639:"Cambridge Bay Arctic Char"
1423:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
4034:
3306:Ecology of Freshwater Fish
824:S. a. erythrinus
774:S. a. erythrinus
49:Male in spawning colours,
3647:
3465:
3349:
3209:10.1134/S0032945208010098
2911:10.1007/s00265-003-0670-8
2308:10.1134/S0032945214040018
2265:10.1134/S0032945213100044
2178:Journal of Animal Ecology
2066:– via Google Books.
2039:– via Google Books.
2029:. Library of Alexandria.
2012:– via Google Books.
828:S. a. taranetzi
819:S. a. taranetzi
568:
230:previous scientific names
224:
217:
194:
187:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
4003:Fish of the Arctic Ocean
1967:. December 2016 version.
1953:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1137:circumpolar distribution
853:, a lake situated in an
463:Distribution and habitat
358:Salmo salvelinostagnalis
3569:Blunt-nosed Irish charr
3512:Coastal cutthroat trout
3419:Lake (lacustrine) trout
3044:10.3389/fevo.2016.00135
2789:10.1139/cjfas-2017-0163
2056:. Courier Corporation.
2002:. Courier Corporation.
1390:, such as the areas of
1386:, with the majority in
924:, large benthic, small
814:S. a. oquassa
804:, although it has been
790:S. a. oquassa
772:have been recognized. "
630:, where it is known as
3998:Fish described in 1758
3197:Journal of Ichthyology
2638:Fisheries Oceanography
2296:Journal of Ichthyology
2253:Journal of Ichthyology
2217:10.1098/rspb.2006.3582
1852:www.arctic.uoguelph.ca
1327:A juvenile Arctic char
1104:
880:
731:
641:
633:
622:
518:Lake Hazen (northeast)
455:coastal waters in the
2717:Dutil, J.-D. (1986).
2346:Ecology and Evolution
1530:Monterey Bay Aquarium
1094:
1040:Salvelinus fontinalis
871:
689:binomial nomenclature
617:
575:species, such as the
369:Salmo alpinostagnalis
3794:Fauna Europaea (new)
3658:at Wikimedia Commons
3532:Mexican golden trout
3363:Trout of Europe and
3281:www.seafoodwatch.org
1655:on 12 December 2011.
1588:: e.T19877A9102572.
1465:Oncorhynchus mykiss)
1429:, Manitoba, and the
1248:Calanis finmarchicus
1033:Salvelinus namaycush
939:, Lake Linnévatn on
928:and large limnetic.
907:incipient speciation
3429:Mediterranean trout
3153:10.1002/jez.a.10298
2448:. pp. 184–186.
2211:(1599): 2291–2298.
994:are found together
947:has a dwarf, small
502: /
487:which extend up to
385:Salvelinus aureolus
282:Salmo trutta laevis
59:Conservation status
3710:Salvelinus alpinus
3680:Salvelinus alpinus
3634:Small-mouthed char
3619:Lough Melvin charr
3594:Dolly Varden trout
3104:10.14430/arctic758
2487:Salvelinus alpinus
2403:"Ny fisk oppdaget"
2079:Salvelinus alpinus
1957:Salvelinus alpinus
1574:Salvelinus alpinus
1507:particulate matter
1407:circumpolar people
1232:freshwater shrimps
1105:
996:mindre fjällröding
992:mindre fjällröding
988:större fjällröding
980:mindre fjällröding
976:större fjällröding
881:
770:Salvelinus alpinus
623:
620:Vancouver Aquarium
435:) is a cold-water
432:Salvelinus alpinus
198:Salvelinus alpinus
18:Salvelinus alpinus
3975:
3974:
3947:Open Tree of Life
3672:Taxon identifiers
3663:
3662:
3654:Media related to
3639:Whitespotted char
3253:www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
2505:10.1111/jfb.12321
2358:10.1002/ece3.4891
1938:Catalog of Fishes
1920:Catalog of Fishes
1824:www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
1362:
1340:
1092:
1055:while others are
780:to almost all of
735:– little salmon.
725:. The genus name
559:, it is known as
507:81.933°N 68.917°W
419:
418:
411:
403:
392:
381:
373:
365:
354:
343:
332:
324:
317:Salmo ventricosus
313:
305:
294:
286:
277:
265:
254:
247:Salmo carbonarius
243:
232:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4025:
3968:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3928:
3916:
3915:
3913:NHMSYS0000544751
3903:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3788:
3776:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3667:
3653:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3404:Garda lake trout
3338:
3331:
3324:
3315:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3244:
3229:
3228:
3188:
3173:
3172:
3132:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3082:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3022:
3007:
3006:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2890:
2875:
2874:
2826:
2801:
2800:
2783:(8): 1256–1269.
2768:
2755:
2754:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2629:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2532:
2517:
2516:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2429:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2352:(4): 2004–2017.
2337:
2320:
2319:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2196:
2181:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1947:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1886:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1674:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1648:. Archived from
1643:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1567:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1392:Cumberland Sound
1364:
1363:
1342:
1341:
1324:
1093:
865:have been found.
847:Ungava Peninsula
734:
693:Salmo salvelinus
682:1758 edition of
644:
636:
581:long-finned char
577:small-mouth char
570:
555:extensively. In
549:Nordic countries
529:Ellesmere Island
526:
525:
523:
522:
521:
519:
514:
513:
508:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
412:
409:
404:
398:
393:
387:
382:
379:
374:
371:
366:
360:
355:
349:
344:
338:
333:
330:
325:
319:
314:
311:
306:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
278:
272:
266:
260:
255:
249:
244:
241:
228:
200:
97:
96:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
3993:Commercial fish
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3919:
3911:
3906:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3745:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3643:
3589:Coomsaharn char
3552:
3546:
3517:Cutthroat trout
3495:
3486:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3367:
3358:
3345:
3342:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3232:
3190:
3189:
3176:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3084:
3083:
3070:
3024:
3023:
3010:
3003:10.1139/f53-023
2984:
2983:
2972:
2965:10.1139/f56-047
2946:
2945:
2934:
2892:
2891:
2878:
2828:
2827:
2804:
2770:
2769:
2758:
2735:10.2307/1445291
2716:
2715:
2704:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2631:
2630:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2540:www.nobanis.org
2534:
2533:
2520:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2339:
2338:
2323:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2259:(10): 781–791.
2250:
2249:
2242:
2198:
2197:
2184:
2175:
2164:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2124:10.1139/f61-053
2105:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2010:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1930:
1926:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1737:10.2307/1441233
1718:
1717:
1710:
1676:
1675:
1660:
1652:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1539:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1463:rainbow trout (
1457:, and Ireland.
1419:
1384:Canadian Arctic
1380:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1309:
1276:
1271:
1216:
1184:Ursus maritimus
1168:
1147:, Siberia, and
1133:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1020:
886:
859:last glaciation
843:Lake Pingualuit
792:, known as the
757:, "red belly".
729:is from German
711:John Richardson
684:Systema Naturae
664:
659:
628:Northern Canada
593:
585:Elgygytgyn Lake
533:Canadian Arctic
517:
515:
512:81.933; -68.917
511:
509:
505:
504:
501:
496:
493:
491:
489:
488:
465:
415:
405:
394:
383:
375:
367:
356:
345:
334:
326:
315:
307:
298:Salmo punctatus
296:
288:
280:
279:
268:
267:
256:
245:
237:
234:
233:
213:
202:
196:
183:
180:S. alpinus
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3842:
3829:
3816:
3803:
3790:
3781:Fauna Europaea
3777:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3725:
3715:
3700:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3604:Kirikuchi char
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3488:
3487:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3399:Flathead trout
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:Adriatic trout
3375:
3373:
3365:Atlantic basin
3360:
3359:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3308:Vol. 16, No. 1
3300:
3299:External links
3297:
3294:
3293:
3265:
3230:
3174:
3147:(2): 151–160.
3118:
3068:
3008:
2997:(6): 326–370.
2970:
2959:(6): 843–860.
2932:
2876:
2841:(2): 235–241.
2802:
2756:
2729:(4): 945–955.
2702:
2683:(7): 175–176.
2663:
2644:(5): 436–447.
2597:
2552:
2518:
2477:
2451:
2436:(in Swedish).
2419:
2393:
2381:
2321:
2302:(6): 384–408.
2278:
2240:
2182:
2162:
2155:
2137:
2118:(5): 793–816.
2098:
2091:
2069:
2062:
2042:
2035:
2015:
2008:
1988:
1983:edil.qub.ac.uk
1970:
1951:Froese, Rainer
1942:
1924:
1915:alpinus, Salmo
1906:
1864:
1836:
1810:
1758:
1708:
1658:
1630:
1608:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1538:
1535:
1418:
1415:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1353:
1351:
1344:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1301:Pacific salmon
1289:circumambulate
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1215:
1212:
1176:Enhyrda lutris
1167:
1164:
1132:
1129:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1065:Skellefteälven
1042:(brook trout).
1019:
1016:
885:
882:
878:naturum Sommen
794:blueback trout
663:
660:
658:
655:
592:
589:
464:
461:
439:in the family
417:
416:
414:
413:
377:Salmo hybridus
242:Linnaeus, 1758
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
203:
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
136:Actinopterygii
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4030:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Rainbow trout
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:Pacific basin
3491:Trout of the
3489:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Fibreno trout
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3254:
3250:
3249:"Arctic Char"
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:(1): 96–113.
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:(1): 81–118.
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:ArtDatabanken
2439:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:9780536878137
2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2092:0-7432-2220-2
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2063:9780486122878
2059:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2036:9781465562883
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2009:9780486317656
2005:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1820:"Arctic Char"
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:(2): 96–100.
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1455:West Virginia
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:New Brunswick
1432:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1396:Cambridge Bay
1393:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:Human culture
1372:
1352:
1348:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1200:apex predator
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:sparctic char
1044:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
918:Ăžingvallavatn
915:
910:
908:
904:
899:
895:
891:
883:
879:
875:
870:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:impact crater
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
810:United States
807:
803:
800:and northern
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:North America
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
741:
736:
733:
728:
724:
720:
718:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
694:
690:
686:
685:
679:
678:Carl Linnaeus
675:
674:Salmo alpinus
671:
670:
661:
656:
654:
651:
649:
645:
643:
642:tariungmiutaq
637:
635:
629:
621:
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:glacial lakes
542:
538:
537:Great Britain
534:
530:
524:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
460:
458:
454:
450:
447:, as well as
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
408:
401:
397:
390:
386:
378:
370:
363:
359:
352:
348:
347:Salmo oquassa
341:
337:
336:Salmo ascanii
331:Nilsson, 1832
329:
328:Salmo rutilus
322:
318:
310:
309:Salmo nivalis
303:
299:
293:Walbaum, 1792
291:
285:Walbaum, 1792
283:
275:
271:
263:
259:
252:
248:
240:
239:Salmo alpinus
236:
231:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:Salmoniformes
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3679:
3629:Silver trout
3624:Orkney charr
3563:
3553:
3527:Golden trout
3507:Apache trout
3498:Oncorhynchus
3496:
3439:Prespa trout
3424:Marble trout
3368:
3305:
3284:. Retrieved
3280:
3256:. Retrieved
3252:
3200:
3196:
3144:
3140:
3094:
3090:
3034:
3030:
2994:
2990:
2956:
2952:
2902:
2898:
2838:
2834:
2780:
2776:
2726:
2722:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2641:
2637:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:
2496:
2492:Fish Biology
2490:
2486:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2454:
2433:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2384:
2349:
2345:
2299:
2295:
2256:
2252:
2208:
2204:
2177:
2146:
2140:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2052:
2045:
2025:
2018:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1945:
1932:
1927:
1914:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:
1813:
1778:
1774:
1731:(1): 14–19.
1728:
1724:
1689:(1): 73–82.
1686:
1682:
1650:the original
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1585:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1540:
1527:
1525:facilities.
1504:
1475:
1464:
1459:
1441:in Iceland,
1420:
1400:
1381:
1310:
1298:
1277:
1269:Reproduction
1256:
1246:
1240:
1224:
1220:opportunists
1217:
1204:
1195:
1188:Homo sapiens
1187:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1153:
1134:
1121:
1109:
1106:
1069:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1035:(lake trout)
1032:
1021:
1012:Lake Vättern
1004:Sommen charr
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
961:swim bladder
930:
911:
887:
874:Sommen charr
840:
827:
823:
817:
813:
789:
773:
769:
759:
754:
746:
742:
737:
726:
714:
706:
696:
692:
683:
673:
667:
665:
652:
639:
631:
624:
594:
560:
466:
445:alpine lakes
443:, native to
431:
430:
427:Arctic charr
426:
422:
420:
406:
395:
384:
376:
368:
357:
346:
340:Valenciennes
335:
327:
316:
308:
297:
290:Salmo laevis
289:
281:
269:
257:
246:
238:
229:
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
35:Arctic char
29:
3895:NatureServe
3833:iNaturalist
3704:Wikispecies
3599:Haddy charr
3584:Cole's char
3574:Brook trout
3564:Arctic char
3454:Sevan trout
3444:River trout
3434:Ohrid trout
3394:Ferox trout
3384:Brown trout
3286:24 November
3258:24 November
3097:(1): 1–11.
3054:10037/10631
2905:(1): 1–10.
2590:24 November
2545:24 November
2407:Aftenposten
1899:24 November
1857:24 November
1829:24 November
1601:19 November
1519:terrestrial
1500:Carotenoids
1496:forage fish
1263:zoobenthos.
1258:Thysanoëssa
1228:zooplankton
1196:Salmo ferox
1192:ferox trout
1186:), humans (
1180:polar bears
1145:Scandinavia
1143:, Iceland,
1125:competition
1097:Llyn Padarn
1008:Lake Sommen
945:Bear Island
941:Spitsbergen
863:cannibalism
802:New England
698:Salmo umbla
591:Description
510: /
423:Arctic char
380:Smitt, 1886
372:Smitt, 1886
312:Faber, 1829
270:Salmo palja
258:Salmo levis
4013:Salvelinus
3982:Categories
3614:Lake trout
3579:Bull trout
3555:Salvelinus
3522:Gila trout
3414:Isli trout
3356:Salmonidae
2412:1 February
1933:Salvelinus
1623:9 December
1619:. Fishbase
1557:References
1449:, Sweden,
1313:Hatchlings
1307:Hatchlings
1285:polygamous
1172:sea otters
1160:overwinter
1117:intertidal
1000:storröding
984:storröding
972:storröding
951:and large
894:vertebrate
806:extirpated
786:anadromous
766:subspecies
727:Salvelinus
717:Salvelinus
707:S. alpinus
601:lake trout
516: (
485:Lake Hazen
481:anadromous
473:lacustrine
441:Salmonidae
410:Berg, 1932
167:Salvelinus
156:Salmonidae
3609:Lake char
3551:True char
3542:Steelhead
3449:Sea trout
3217:1555-6425
3161:1552-499X
3113:1923-1245
3063:2296-701X
2919:0340-5443
2855:0007-1048
2743:0045-8511
2689:0007-0947
2658:1365-2419
2132:0015-296X
2023:Various.
1787:0008-5286
1745:0045-8511
1703:1600-0706
1528:In 2006,
1411:gill nets
1378:Fisheries
1245:species (
1236:suspended
1234:that are
1166:Predation
1156:reproduce
1141:Greenland
1103:, in 2020
1061:Piteälven
1028:congeners
1026:with its
957:Lake Tinn
898:sympatric
740:Old Irish
648:Inuktitut
457:Holarctic
453:subarctic
174:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
3900:2.101565
3851:11217742
3807:FishBase
3718:BioLib:
3689:Wikidata
3459:Sonaghen
3409:Gillaroo
3225:23339502
3169:12975803
2927:25354866
2871:45491647
2797:90555304
2513:24754706
2470:20 April
2376:30847088
2316:21325242
2273:17713440
2235:16928630
2180:, 21-35.
1964:FishBase
1511:effluent
1478:hatchery
1427:Winnipeg
1274:Spawning
1057:sterile.
949:littoral
933:Svalbard
926:limnetic
764:, three
732:Saibling
703:synonyms
657:Taxonomy
579:and the
477:riverine
219:Synonyms
206:Linnaeus
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
3825:4284021
3760:1156463
3695:Q421047
2751:1445291
2438:Uppsala
2367:6392408
2226:1636095
1805:8640656
1796:1576613
1753:1441233
1537:As food
1523:compost
1489:⁄
1451:Finland
1443:Estonia
1417:Farming
1388:Nunavut
1243:copepod
1207:crypsis
1113:coastal
1079:Habitat
1074:Ecology
1053:fertile
1024:hybrids
1018:Hybrids
953:pelagic
922:benthic
914:Iceland
845:in the
836:Siberia
832:endemic
812:range.
755:torgoch
715:Salmo (
680:in the
618:At the
609:ventral
573:endemic
565:Russian
557:Siberia
541:Ireland
531:in the
497:68°55′W
494:81°56′N
321:Nilsson
274:Walbaum
162:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
51:Nunavut
3965:127188
3952:688324
3939:127188
3864:162001
3838:111974
3786:304752
3773:SALVAL
3223:
3215:
3167:
3159:
3111:
3091:Arctic
3061:
2925:
2917:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2795:
2749:
2741:
2723:Copeia
2695:
2687:
2656:
2511:
2374:
2364:
2314:
2271:
2233:
2223:
2153:
2130:
2089:
2060:
2033:
2006:
1940:(2016)
1922:(2016)
1803:
1793:
1785:
1751:
1743:
1725:Copeia
1701:
1551:salmon
1515:Sludge
1447:Norway
1439:farmed
1251:) and
1149:Alaska
968:Sweden
937:Norway
890:morphs
884:Morphs
851:Quebec
838:only.
798:Quebec
782:Canada
778:native
634:iqaluk
605:dorsal
597:salmon
561:golets
553:fished
469:spawns
449:Arctic
402:, 1932
391:, 1887
364:, 1886
353:, 1854
351:Girard
342:, 1848
323:, 1832
304:, 1829
302:Cuvier
276:, 1792
264:, 1786
253:, 1784
3960:WoRMS
3884:NAS:
3877:19877
3846:IRMNG
3747:79G2M
3734:80552
3721:15815
3656:Trout
3370:Salmo
3352:Trout
3221:S2CID
2923:S2CID
2867:S2CID
2793:S2CID
2747:JSTOR
2464:(PDF)
2312:S2CID
2269:S2CID
1749:JSTOR
1683:Oikos
1653:(PDF)
1642:(PDF)
1547:trout
1543:flesh
1403:Inuit
1347:Wales
1281:kypes
1253:krill
1131:Range
1101:Wales
903:niche
776:" is
753:name
751:Welsh
743:ceara
723:genus
669:Salmo
569:голец
479:, or
362:Smitt
251:Strøm
3934:OBIS
3926:8036
3921:NCBI
3872:IUCN
3859:ITIS
3820:GBIF
3768:EPPO
3729:BOLD
3288:2020
3260:2020
3213:ISSN
3165:PMID
3157:ISSN
3145:299A
3109:ISSN
3059:ISSN
2915:ISSN
2859:PMID
2851:ISSN
2739:ISSN
2727:1986
2693:PMID
2685:ISSN
2654:ISSN
2592:2020
2547:2020
2509:PMID
2472:2019
2414:2015
2372:PMID
2231:PMID
2151:ISBN
2128:ISSN
2087:ISBN
2058:ISBN
2031:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1901:2020
1859:2020
1831:2020
1801:PMID
1783:ISSN
1741:ISSN
1729:1965
1699:ISSN
1625:2016
1603:2021
1586:2008
1549:and
1509:and
1470:eggs
1394:and
1294:redd
1230:and
1214:Diet
1158:and
1115:and
1063:and
1046:The
1037:and
990:and
978:and
826:and
747:cera
695:and
662:Name
599:and
539:and
451:and
437:fish
421:The
400:Berg
389:Bean
262:Mohr
210:1758
3908:NBN
3887:935
3812:247
3755:EoL
3742:CoL
3205:doi
3149:doi
3099:doi
3049:hdl
3039:doi
2999:doi
2961:doi
2907:doi
2843:doi
2785:doi
2731:doi
2646:doi
2501:doi
2446:SLU
2362:PMC
2354:doi
2304:doi
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