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way across our country many years ago...The group proposing to hold this memorial service should be truly ashamed". One white woman wrote: "A man who is an ax murderer and a rapist, and whose crimes were described as some of the most violent, needs to be lynched. I don't care about race, sex, orientation, etc., etc. In fact, maybe if the judicial system actually punished crimes committed, there might be one person who thinks twice about crimes instead of looking forward to a cushy life in prison with three squares, cable TV, exercise equipment, libraries and steaks. Why doesn't this group not seek to honor someone who was just a good, decent person instead of someone who obviously got what he deserved?" Another letter writer wrote that while Hose did not receive fair treatment stated: "Lack of fair legal system treatment...is in no way an obligation to 'pay our respects to Sam Hose.' If we start paying respect to murderers and rapists, then we need to do the same for the late
Jeffrey Dahmer, Ted Bundy, and John Wayne Gacey". Judge John Herbert Cranford, a descendant of Alfred Cranford, issued a public statement condemning the lynching, but also expressed much anger at Rusk for not paying enough attention to his family's suffering. One letter writer took a contrary position to the majority, saying the Moore's Ford Memorial Committee should be "commended" for its work, and concluded: "To ignore the past or sweep it under the rug is what keeps people from getting together in harmony and amity...The bottom line is that addressing an old wrong is the right thing to do".
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deserved to die like Sam Hose, whether innocent or guilty. Number two—little lasting good will be achieved if any effort to revisit this horrific event in Newnan is cooked up primarily by 'outsiders'...Do wounds like Hose's killing really heal by leaving them alone? Or if unaddressed, do they just fester away?" Rusk drove to Newnan himself to meet with members of Come to the Table, where he argued that most of the white people in Newnan knew only a very biased version about the lynching of Hose and believed that the effort to honor him was a way to defame their town's reputation." On April 23, 2007, Rusk spoke at a meeting at St. Paul's
Episcopal Church in Newnan about the lynching. In his speech Rusk stated the Hose lynching was different from the Moore's Ford lynching as Hose had no descendants to champion his memory while the Cranford family were still well respected and known in Newnan, making it more difficult to honor Hose as a victim of injustice. The historian Edwin Arnold from Coweta County noted that even today, there is no marker at the place where Hose was killed to commemorate the event.
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from the article the part in the interview which he stated that Hose was probably innocent and instead presented it as a fact that Hose was guilty of the crimes of which he was accused. In his article, Skinner wrote: "On 12th of April 1899, Hose hit his employer in the head with an ax, killing him. He then raped the landowner's wife and injured their infant child". Rusk felt that there were mitigating circumstances for Hose killing
Cranford and that Hose was innocent of the charges of rape. In response, Skinner replied to Rusk that in Newnan, it was accepted that Hose was a murderer and rapist, and it was disrespectful to the Cranford family to present the story any other way.
786:), circa 1875. He grew up on a Macon County farm owned by the Jones family; the family had owned his mother. Hose was described by those who knew him as friendly and intelligent and, unusual for a black man in the 19th century South, he learned how to read and write. Having to look after his aging mother and an intellectually disabled brother, he abandoned his plans for higher education and worked as a manual laborer. Newspaper accounts in 1899 said that Wilkes left Marshallville and used the alias Sam Hose because he had been accused of assaulting an elderly black woman.
68:
955:, Newman , Atlanta and the vicinity." He does not provide the name of any individual who provided information, probably because they fear reprisals for speaking out publicly. He stated that he could not speak to Mattie Cranford because she "was still suffering from the awful shock." Le Vin's report stated, "that Wilkes killed Cranford there is no doubt, but under what circumstances can never be proven." Le Vin concluded his report with the statement, "I made my way home thoroughly convinced that a Negro's life is a very cheap thing in Georgia." In
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869:. He was then chained to a pine tree. Several matches were thrown onto the pyre by members of the mob, lighting it on fire and burning Hose alive. The heat from the fire caused Hose's veins to rupture while his eyes nearly burst from their sockets. One journalist present noted the crowd watched "with unfeigned satisfaction" at contortions of Hose's body. As the flames consumed his body, Hose screamed out, "Oh my God! Oh Jesus!" From the time of Hose's first injuries to his death, almost 30 minutes passed. One woman thanked
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while the older generation of blacks had failed to pass on the right values. Without presenting any proof, Candler argued that the entire black community was responsible for Hose's actions and accused black citizens of hiding and sheltering him during the manhunt. Candler ended his statement by saying that it was "deplorable" that the blacks had protested the lynching of Hose.
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syphilis. Mrs. Cranford forever maintained that she had been raped by Hose, and her youngest son, Clifford Alfred “Tan” Cranford, was left blind in his left eye as a result of the injuries he received that day. On April 23, 1899, Hose was apprehended in
Marshallville and returned by train to Coweta County.
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argued for a public discussion rather than a memorial service for Hose, writing: "One of the more unfortunate aspects of lynching in
Georgia and elsewhere is that many of those killed were innocent of any crime. Hose may indeed be one of the exceptions. On several issues, many of us can agree. No man
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erected a historical marker in 1999, the first historical marker in
Georgia—and one of the first in the country—to document a lynching. Come to the Table were hoping Rusk could help them do the same at the site of Hose's lynching. To raise public interest, Rusk spoke to a journalist, Winston Skinner,
911:
to discuss the lynching when he was informed that Hose's knuckles were for sale in a grocery store on the road on which he was walking. He turned around and did not meet with Harris after learning this. Until then, Du Bois believed that lynching was an aberrant phenomenon and that he could use reason
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None of the lynch mob wore masks and did not seek to hide their identities, giving their names to journalists who were present. On the tree where Hose had died, a sign was attached reading "We Must
Protect Our Southern Women" One white Southern woman objected, a Mrs. P.H. Mell of Atlanta, who proudly
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Hose was brought to a patch of land known as the old
Troutman field. Newspapers reported that members of the mob used knives to sever Hose's ears, fingers and genitals while others plunged knives repeatedly into his body, to cheers from the mob. Men and boys gathered kindling from the nearby woods to
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Ignoring their pleas, the crowd moved northward toward the
Cranford home. The lynch mob grew, reaching an estimated 500 individuals, though some accounts purport around 2000. Once news of the capture reached Atlanta, large crowds boarded trains to Newnan. Mistakenly believing that these trains were
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Many white residents of Newnan wrote letters objecting to the memorial service, with one letter writer calling Rusk's proposed service "shameful." One letter writer wrote: "I am amazed there are plans to have a memorial service to show respect and honor Sam Hose, the man who raped and murdered his
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The governor of
Georgia, Allen D. Candler, issued a statement calling the murder of Alfred Cranford "the most diabolical in the annals of crime" and blamed the entire black community of Georgia. Candler complained the younger generation of blacks had not been so "lucky" to have experienced slavery
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Cranford's wife, Mattie Cranford, and assaulted his infant child. Newspapers portrayed Hose as "a monster in human form" who gleefully raped Mrs. Cranford and their infant child in front of the dying Mr. Cranford and, for good measure, claimed without evidence that Hose was suffering from advanced
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on February 6, 2007, started a firestorm of controversy in Newnan, attracting a flood of highly negative letters to the editor calling Hose a murderer and rapist who was justly lynched by the white community of Newnan. Rusk felt Skinner was responsible for the backlash, noting that he had omitted
886:, wrote a letter protesting against Mell's letter, saying that any "true-hearted husband or father" would have done the same to the "beast" Hose, arguing that Hose needed to be killed in the same way that a mad dog needed to be put down, except "the dog is more worthy of sympathy."
844:. Hose was marched to the Newnan jail, where a dispute arose between Hose's captors and the sheriff. The captors agreed to surrender Hose to the sheriff if they were paid their reward money. As the town jailer led Hose to a cell, the mob grew alarmed, held a
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Le Vin stated that he spent over one week in his investigation. He concluded that Hose acted in self-defense, and whites added the rape allegation to incite a lynching. Le Vin stated that his conclusions were gathered from interviews with "persons he met in
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that she was a member of the Daughters of the Confederacy, and spoke of her horror about what was done to Hose, urging white women to protest the "unparalleled brutality" committed in the name of protecting them. Another woman, future United States Senator
1005:. Rusk later stated the article: "I expected they would run it inside the paper on the fifth or sixth page. Instead, it was a front-page article. When I expressed my surprise, they told me anything to do with Sam Hose was a front-page story".
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Sam Hose. On April 12, 1899, he was accused of murdering his employer, Alfred Cranford, after a heated argument. Hose had requested time off to visit his ailing mother. According to Hose, Alfred Cranford threatened to kill him and pointed a
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The real purpose of these savage demonstrations is to teach the Negro that in the South, he has no rights that the law will enforce. Samuel Hose was burned to teach the Negroes that no matter what a white man does to them, they must not
976:, that during an investigation by a white detective, separate from the investigation organized by Wells-Barnett, Cranford's wife Mattie revealed that Hose had never entered the house, and had acted in self-defense against her husband.
996:, that wanted to commemorate Hose's lynching. Rusk had led an effort to commemorate the Moore's Ford lynchings by applying for a Georgia historical marker to be placed at the site of the lynching. The
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for the actions of the mob. Some members of the mob cut off pieces of his dead body as souvenirs. Pieces of Hose's bones were sold for 25 cents, while his heart and liver were cut out to be sold.
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and threw the ax, killing Cranford. Hose fled the scene, and the search for him began shortly thereafter. Five cash rewards were offered for his capture, including from then-Governor
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and a sense of fairness to appeal to the majority of the white community. The spectacular nature of Hose's lynching and the sale of body parts convinced him otherwise.
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Four days later, on April 27, a black man named Mitchell Daniel was lynched by whites in Leesburg, Georgia, because he had complained about Sam Hose's lynching.
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Rusk suggested a memorial service to honor Hose: "We hope something good will come after so many years by paying our respects to Sam Hose." The article in the
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943:, hired detective Louis P. Le Vin to investigate the Hose lynching. Le Vin's entire report was published in Chapter IV of Ida B. Wells-Barnett's article,
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Arnold, Edwin "Across the Road from the Barbecue House" pages 267-292 from The Mississippi Quarterly, Volume 61, No. 1/2, Winter-Spring 2008. page 286
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at him. Hose was working at the time with an ax in his hands. Hose alleged that, due to the threat, he
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and Judge Alvan Freeman pleaded with the crowd to release Hose to the custody of the authorities.
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loaded with troops, the mob stopped just north of Newnan, deciding they could wait no longer.
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1352:"Apr. 27, 1899 | White GA Mob Lynches Man for 'Talking Too Much' About Another Lynching"
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Grem, Darren E. (2006). "Sam Jones, Sam Hose, and the Theology of Racial Violence".
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Inherently Unequal-The Betrayal of Equal Rights by the Supreme Court 1865–1903
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create a pyre. The skin from Hose's face was removed, and he was doused with
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What Virtue There Is in Fire: Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose
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What Virtue There Is in Fire: Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose
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What Virtue There Is in Fire: Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose
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What Virtue There Is in Fire: Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose
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What Virtue There Is in Fire: Cultural Memory and the Lynching of Sam Hose
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who had founded the Moore's Ford Memorial Committee to commemorate the
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The actions of the lynch mob were condemned throughout most of the
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730:
647:
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1532:
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1194:
At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America
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At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America
3480:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
1160:"Interview with Lawrence Goldstone about Goldstone's book
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to the jailer's head, and took Hose away. Former Governor
1435:, Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 2012 page 196-197
1328:
Trouble In Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
1270:
Trouble In Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
1087:
Trouble In Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
974:
Trouble In Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
3697:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
3989:
Racially motivated violence against African Americans
1484:, Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 2012 page 202
1455:, Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 2012 page 197
1422:, Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 2012 page 196
1394:, Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 2012 page 195
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was contacted by a group called Come to the Table in
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3542:
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1940:
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778:Sam Hose was born Tom Wilkes in south Georgia near
109:
99:
89:
74:
52:
1191:
3141:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
961:
1111:"Hose lynching was international news in 1899"
1059:"Hose lynching was international news in 1899"
1535:List of lynching victims in the United States
1506:
712:
8:
897:, the noted civil rights leader and scholar
735:Article in the Calhoun Times, April 27, 1899
27:African American who was lynched in the U.S.
3571:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
3539:
3401:
3387:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
3117:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
2923:
1542:
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1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
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719:
705:
122:
66:
49:
3863:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
3323:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
2101:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
877:noted in her letter to the editor of the
691:Mass racial violence in the United States
3954:Deaths by person in Georgia (U.S. state)
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1126:
1124:
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1120:
746:; c. 1875 – April 23, 1899) was an
3979:Lynching deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
3974:People murdered in Georgia (U.S. state)
3692:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1293:Alridge, Derrick P. (August 10, 2018).
1263:
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1255:
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1247:
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1080:
1078:
1076:
1034:
134:
1069:from the original on September 4, 2015
1057:Skinner, W. Winston (April 26, 2019),
1020:Rusk in a letter to the editor of the
560:1912 racial conflict in Forsyth County
3329:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
3235:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
7:
3904:Lynching deaths in the United States
3034:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
1185:
1183:
1181:
3565:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
3341:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
3123:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
935:. A group of prominent citizens in
25:
3939:1899 murders in the United States
3465:American Crusade Against Lynching
3111:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
939:, led by journalist and activist
686:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
681:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
312:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
3984:Murdered African-American people
3677:America's Black Holocaust Museum
3460:American anti-lynching activists
3432:Nadir of American race relations
3022:Steve Long and two half-brothers
2958:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
1158:Mitch Jeserich (July 20, 2011),
372:Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker
144:
60:Nadir of American race relations
3964:History of Georgia (U.S. state)
3959:False allegations of sex crimes
3883:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
3517:National Conference on Lynching
3075:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
2952:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
2293:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
1326:Litwack, Leon (July 27, 1999).
1268:Litwack, Leon (July 27, 1999).
1085:Litwack, Leon (July 27, 1999).
525:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
515:Spring Valley Race Riot of 1895
235:Expulsions of African Americans
2999:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
1330:. Vintage Books. p. 283.
1272:. Vintage Books. p. 281.
1089:. Vintage Books. p. 280.
840:from the train at gunpoint in
1:
3899:Lynching in the United States
3200:Springfield race riot of 1908
1618:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
1522:Lynching in the United States
1295:"W. E. B. Du Bois in Georgia"
819:, Coweta County, the town of
550:Springfield race riot of 1908
3994:1899 in Georgia (U.S. state)
3793:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
3724:And you are lynching Negroes
3576:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
3311:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
3217:Harris County, GA, lynchings
3159:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
3005:New Orleans massacre of 1866
1133:Georgia Historical Quarterly
590:Washington race riot of 1919
3702:Southern Poverty Law Center
3347:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
2975:? Lachenais and four others
2413:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
1730:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
923:Post-lynching investigation
477:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
4015:
3183:1906 Atlanta race massacre
3153:Phoenix, SC, election riot
3129:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
3081:Benjamin and Mollie French
998:Georgia Historical Society
980:The memory of the lynching
152:1906 Atlanta race massacre
3490:William O'Connell Bradley
3400:
3229:East St. Louis, IL, riots
2981:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
2964:New York City draft riots
2933:
2922:
1541:
1528:
1198:. Random House. pp.
750:man who was tortured and
585:Chicago race riot of 1919
65:
57:
3944:American torture victims
3754:Deaths in police custody
3241:Jenkins County, GA, riot
3052:Chinese massacre of 1871
2970:Detroit race riot (1863)
2605:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
2397:Dick Rowland (attempted)
1299:New Georgia Encyclopedia
1228:The Indianapolis Journal
817:The Atlanta Constitution
545:Atlanta Massacre of 1906
3969:Human trophy collecting
3735:Battle of Liberty Place
3730:Attack on John Shillady
3718:James Allen (collector)
3551:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
3335:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
3259:Omaha race riot of 1919
3247:Longview, TX, race riot
3223:Newberry, FL, lynchings
3165:Julia and Frazier Baker
3147:Porter and Spencer (MS)
3099:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
3057:Meridian, MS, race riot
3040:Opelousas, LA, massacre
2013:Paul Reed and Will Cato
1698:Big Nose George Parrott
1371:The Library of Congress
1063:The Newnan Times-Herald
798:, where he assumed the
658:Back to Africa movement
205:Anti-miscegenation laws
39:Infobox civilian attack
3999:Coweta County, Georgia
3869:United States v. Shipp
3621:Rebecca Latimer Felton
3452:Anti-lynching movement
3369:Freedom Summer Murders
3299:Rosewood, FL, massacre
3264:Knoxville riot of 1919
2133:Laura and L. D. Nelson
1367:"Lynch Law in Georgia"
990:Moore's Ford lynchings
966:
850:William Yates Atkinson
736:
628:Anti-lynching movement
565:1917 Chester race riot
555:Johnson–Jeffries riots
422:Laura and L. D. Nelson
83:Coweta County, Georgia
44:considered for merging
3840:Summer in Mississippi
3787:Mississippi Cold Case
3741:The Birth of a Nation
3682:Civil Rights Memorial
3611:Sidney Johnston Catts
3589:Defenders of lynching
3275:Duluth, MN, lynchings
3253:Elaine, AR, race riot
3211:Laura and L.D. Nelson
3177:Watkinsville lynching
3135:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
3093:Hamburg, SC, massacre
3069:Election riot of 1874
3016:Camilla, GA, massacre
2938:Death of Joseph Smith
1562:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1190:Dray, Philip (2002).
734:
520:Phoenix election riot
505:Rock Springs massacre
162:Historical background
3558:Costigan-Wagner Bill
3495:Ella Barksdale Brown
3293:Perry, FL, race riot
3205:Slocum, TX, massacre
3105:Mart and Tom Horrell
3063:Colfax, LA, massacre
3046:Bear River City riot
2896:James Craig Anderson
2696:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
2301:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
1365:Wells-Barnett, Ida.
1168:Letters and Politics
957:Lynch Law in Georgia
945:Lynch Law in Georgia
941:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
909:Joel Chandler Harris
904:Atlanta Constitution
879:Atlanta Constitution
744:Samuel Thomas Wilkes
570:East St. Louis riots
540:Evansville race riot
535:Robert Charles riots
53:Lynching of Sam Hose
3800:The Ox-Bow Incident
3780:Mississippi Burning
3631:John Trotwood Moore
3287:Tulsa race massacre
3281:Ocoee, FL, massacre
2776:Mack Charles Parker
2704:Willie James Howard
1022:Newnan Times-Herald
1010:Newnan Times-Herald
1003:Newnan Times-Herald
633:Exodusters movement
600:Tulsa race massacre
494:Massacres and riots
3814:Reconstruction era
3626:John Temple Graves
3470:Jessie Daniel Ames
3417:Indiana White Caps
3087:Ellenton, SC, riot
3010:Reno Brothers Gang
2760:Judge Edward Aaron
1957:Ballie Crutchfield
984:In February 2007,
825:sexually assaulted
737:
638:Atlanta Compromise
510:Thibodaux massacre
500:Opelousas massacre
274:Indiana White Caps
245:Lynching postcards
190:Compromise of 1877
168:Reconstruction era
3949:April 1899 events
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3857:They Won't Forget
3774:Lynching postcard
3687:The Legacy Museum
3656:James K. Vardaman
3596:Theodore G. Bilbo
3584:
3583:
3475:Martin C. Ansorge
3396:
3395:
3381:Michael Schwerner
3188:Kemper County, MS
3028:Pulaski, TN, riot
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2621:Shedrick Thompson
2501:Bernice Raspberry
2221:Name unknown (MS)
2125:Name unknown (TX)
1746:Joseph Vermillion
1714:John Wesley Heath
1209:978-0-375-50324-5
1113:. April 27, 2019.
729:
728:
610:Rosewood massacre
173:Voter suppression
136:Nadir of American
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
4006:
3711:Related articles
3661:Thomas E. Watson
3651:Benjamin Tillman
3616:Thomas Dixon Jr.
3540:
3402:
3305:Jim and Mark Fox
2993:Memphis massacre
2928:Multiple victims
2924:
2907:
2899:
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2824:Wharlest Jackson
2819:
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2048:
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2016:
2008:
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1984:
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1933:
1925:
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1901:
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1853:
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1805:
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1629:
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1230:. April 24, 1899
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899:W. E. B. Du Bois
832:Following events
809:defended himself
794:Wilkes moved to
748:African American
721:
714:
707:
643:Niagara Movement
447:Anthony Crawford
437:Jesse Washington
377:John Henry James
367:Stephen Williams
352:Ephraim Grizzard
347:People's Grocery
263:Vigilante groups
178:Disfranchisement
150:Violence in the
148:
123:
70:
50:
47:
21:
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4009:
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3887:
3824:Scottsboro Boys
3706:
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3580:
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3357:Harriette Moore
3317:Tate County, MS
2929:
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2659:
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2555:
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2539:
2533:Albert Williams
2531:
2523:
2517:Joseph Upchurch
2515:
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2171:
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2083:
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2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1936:
1930:Benjamin Thomas
1928:
1920:
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1890:Joseph H. McCoy
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1610:Clubfoot George
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994:Newnan, Georgia
982:
925:
862:
842:Newnan, Georgia
834:
792:
776:
768:accused of rape
725:
696:
695:
671:
663:
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653:Great Migration
623:
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614:
605:Perry race riot
575:Elaine massacre
495:
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486:
302:Andrew Richards
297:
289:
288:
225:
217:
216:
212:Convict leasing
163:
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104:
103:April 23, 1899
95:33.392, -84.802
48:
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28:
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22:
15:
12:
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5:
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3834:Stone Mountain
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3646:Goodloe Sutton
3643:
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3636:John T. Morgan
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3606:Julian S. Carr
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3601:Cole L. Blease
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2329:
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1480:Arnold, Edwin
1473:
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1451:Arnold, Edwin
1437:
1431:Arnold, Edwin
1424:
1418:Arnold, Edwin
1396:
1390:Arnold, Edwin
1383:
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1343:
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1241:
1224:"At the Stake"
1215:
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861:
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838:kidnapped Hose
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766:, after being
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724:
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672:
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467:John Hartfield
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457:Jim McIlherron
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362:Samuel J. Bush
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3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:Hang 'Em High
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
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3591:
3587:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:Strange Fruit
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:Father Divine
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Jim Crow laws
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:Walker family
3192:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
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3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
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3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2905:
2904:Ahmaud Arbery
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:Yusef Hawkins
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:Betty Gardner
2853:
2849:
2848:Marian Pyszko
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:Carol Jenkins
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:Vernon Dahmer
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:George W. Lee
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:James Cameron
2594:
2590:
2589:George Hughes
2586:
2582:
2581:J. C. Collins
2578:
2574:
2573:Leonard Woods
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:Owen Flemming
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:Fred N. Selak
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
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2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:George Taylor
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2285:Robert Prager
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Charles Jones
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:"Mose" Creole
2082:
2078:
2077:Matthew Chase
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:William Burns
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:Fred Rochelle
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:F. W. Stewart
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:John Anderson
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:Alfred Blount
1831:
1827:
1826:John Peterson
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
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1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:Michael Green
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:Henry Plummer
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Pancho Daniel
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
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1544:
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1434:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1376:September 26,
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1318:
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1300:
1296:
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1219:
1216:
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1196:
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1169:
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1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
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1053:
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1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
979:
977:
975:
971:
965:
960:
959:, he stated:
958:
954:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:United States
922:
920:
917:
913:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
889:According to
887:
885:
880:
874:
872:
868:
859:
857:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
831:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:Allen Candler
810:
806:
801:
797:
796:Coweta County
789:
787:
785:
781:
780:Marshallville
774:Personal life
773:
771:
769:
765:
761:
760:Coweta County
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
700:
699:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
667:
666:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
619:
618:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:George Taylor
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:Walker family
415:
413:
412:William Burns
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Alfred Blount
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
307:Michael Green
305:
303:
300:
299:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
228:
227:
221:
220:
213:
210:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:Jim Crow laws
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
159:
158:
153:
147:
143:
142:
139:
133:
129:
125:
124:
117:
114:
108:
105:2:30 PM (EST)
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
64:
61:
56:
51:
45:
41:
40:
36:
30:
19:
3929:1870s births
3875:
3867:
3855:
3846:Sundown town
3838:
3806:
3798:
3785:
3778:
3766:
3759:
3748:The Clansman
3746:
3739:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3534:Ida B. Wells
3522:Paul Robeson
3427:Ku Klux Klan
3373:James Chaney
3363:Anniston, AL
2987:Plummer Gang
2942:Joseph Smith
2840:Henry Marrow
2800:Frank Morris
2728:Willie Earle
2637:Cordie Cheek
2565:Henry Choate
2485:Dan Anderson
2445:Raymond Byrd
2429:Samuel Smith
2381:Willie Baird
2261:Frank Little
2253:Paulo Boleta
2181:Robert Perry
2157:Mary Jackson
2117:King Johnson
2069:James Hodges
1989:George White
1973:Walker Davis
1921:
1874:Jacob Henson
1802:Robert Lewis
1762:Ellen Watson
1650:Jim Williams
1626:Wyatt Outlaw
1481:
1476:
1452:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1391:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1360:
1346:
1327:
1304:December 18,
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
1269:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1193:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1139:(1): 35–61.
1136:
1132:
1105:
1086:
1062:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1002:
986:Richard Rusk
983:
973:
970:Leon Litwack
967:
962:
956:
949:
944:
926:
918:
914:
902:
894:
888:
878:
875:
863:
854:
835:
793:
784:Macon County
777:
743:
739:
738:
442:Newberry Six
427:King Johnson
402:Watkinsville
381:
279:Ku Klux Klan
269:Black Legion
257:Whitecapping
252:Sundown town
58:Part of the
37:
29:
3934:1899 deaths
3878:(1999 film)
3762:(1936 film)
3641:James Rolph
3543:Legislation
3506:Flag Salute
2946:Hyrum Smith
2792:Lemuel Penn
2784:Louis Allen
2752:Emmett Till
2736:Lamar Smith
2712:Recy Taylor
2645:Claude Neal
2493:Will Sherod
2477:John Carter
2453:James Clark
2405:Henry Lowry
2277:Ell Persons
2165:Rob Edwards
2141:Will Porter
1997:David Wyatt
1965:George Ward
1842:Henry Smith
1738:Amos Miller
1722:Eliza Woods
1658:David Jones
1602:Bill Sketoe
1586:Joshua Boyd
1546:Before 1900
972:states, in
891:Philip Dray
754:by a white
472:1920 Duluth
452:Ell Persons
392:David Wyatt
387:George Ward
322:Amos Miller
317:Eliza Woods
200:Segregation
111:Attack type
91:Coordinates
33:‹ The
3923:Categories
3892:Categories
3819:Red Summer
3512:N.A.A.C.P.
3437:Red Shirts
3269:Red Summer
2808:James Reeb
2680:Felix Hall
2672:After 1940
2421:Joe Pullen
2389:Roy Belton
2341:Will Brown
2245:Jeff Brown
2205:John Evans
2189:? Anderson
2093:"Pie" Hill
2061:Jim Miller
2037:Slab Pitts
2029:Ed Johnson
1866:Amos Hicks
1786:Dick Lundy
1778:Jim Taylor
1337:0375702636
1279:0375702636
1096:0375702636
1029:References
968:Historian
790:Accusation
580:Red Summer
482:Joe Pullen
432:John Evans
407:Ed Johnson
337:Jim Taylor
284:Red Shirts
3809:(musical)
2525:Joe Smith
2469:Tom Payne
2437:L. Q. Ivy
2365:Jay Lynch
2213:Leo Frank
1941:1900–1940
1001:from the
756:lynch mob
622:Reactions
530:Pana riot
296:Lynchings
240:Lynchings
224:Practices
185:Redeemers
42:is being
3876:Vendetta
3412:Lynching
3383:) (1964)
2948:) (1844)
1922:Sam Hose
1234:April 5,
1145:40584885
1067:archived
867:kerosene
860:Lynching
821:Palmetto
805:revolver
752:murdered
740:Sam Hose
382:Sam Hose
128:a series
126:Part of
116:Lynching
75:Location
46:. ›
35:template
18:Sam Hose
3405:General
1794:Joe Coe
1666:Jo Reed
964:resist.
953:Griffin
937:Chicago
907:editor
764:Georgia
342:Joe Coe
3807:Parade
3795:(1965)
3670:Memory
3389:(1964)
3365:(1961)
3359:(1952)
3349:(1946)
3343:(1945)
3337:(1943)
3331:(1937)
3325:(1933)
3319:(1932)
3313:(1930)
3307:(1927)
3301:(1923)
3295:(1922)
3289:(1921)
3283:(1920)
3277:(1920)
3271:(1919)
3255:(1919)
3249:(1919)
3243:(1919)
3237:(1918)
3231:(1917)
3225:(1916)
3219:(1912)
3213:(1911)
3207:(1910)
3196:(1908)
3190:(1906)
3179:(1905)
3173:(1899)
3167:(1898)
3161:(1898)
3155:(1898)
3149:(1897)
3143:(1892)
3137:(1892)
3131:(1891)
3125:(1880)
3119:(1879)
3113:(1879)
3107:(1878)
3101:(1878)
3095:(1876)
3089:(1876)
3083:(1876)
3077:(1874)
3065:(1873)
3059:(1871)
3048:(1868)
3042:(1868)
3036:(1868)
3030:(1868)
3024:(1868)
3018:(1868)
3012:(1868)
3001:(1866)
2995:(1866)
2989:(1864)
2983:(1864)
2977:(1863)
2966:(1863)
2960:(1862)
2954:(1858)
2906:(2020)
2898:(2011)
2890:(1998)
2882:(1989)
2874:(1981)
2866:(1979)
2858:(1978)
2850:(1975)
2842:(1970)
2834:(1968)
2826:(1967)
2818:(1966)
2810:(1965)
2802:(1964)
2794:(1964)
2786:(1964)
2778:(1959)
2770:(1957)
2762:(1957)
2754:(1955)
2746:(1955)
2738:(1955)
2730:(1947)
2722:(1946)
2714:(1944)
2706:(1944)
2698:(1943)
2690:(1943)
2682:(1941)
2663:(1940)
2655:(1940)
2647:(1934)
2639:(1933)
2631:(1933)
2623:(1932)
2615:(1931)
2607:(1931)
2599:(1930)
2591:(1930)
2583:(1928)
2575:(1927)
2567:(1927)
2559:(1927)
2551:(1927)
2543:(1927)
2535:(1927)
2527:(1927)
2519:(1927)
2511:(1927)
2503:(1927)
2495:(1927)
2487:(1927)
2479:(1927)
2471:(1927)
2463:(1926)
2455:(1926)
2447:(1926)
2439:(1925)
2431:(1924)
2423:(1923)
2415:(1922)
2407:(1921)
2399:(1921)
2391:(1920)
2383:(1920)
2375:(1919)
2367:(1919)
2359:(1919)
2351:(1919)
2343:(1919)
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