916:. In fact, the settlement was known and famous before these excavations. Then, in 1977, under the Lower Euphrates Project, plans were put together aimed at identifying and saving the archaeological settlements that were to be inundated by the reservoir of Karakaya and Atatürk Dams. Surface surveys were conducted under the direction of Mehmet Özdoğan. In these studies, it was concluded that the settlement was permanently inhabited from the Halaf Period to the Ottoman Period. The following year, the excavations started in 1978, except for 1980, until 1987, under Ankara University, Faculty of Language and History-Geography It was conducted by the team led by Nimet Özgüç. These excavations were carried out on a very wide area, including the lower city and surrounding walls.
612:
67:
420:
54:
74:
941:
Today the settlement is under the
Euphrates, but before inundation it was 37–40 meters above the plain level and had an area of 500 x 350 meters. The steepest slope is the eastern slope and the lowest slope is the southwest-facing slope. The mound consists of a terrace and a ruined town covered with
919:
Coins belonging to the 12th - 13th centuries AD were identified during the excavations in the layers dating to the late phases of the Middle Ages. Of these Seljuk sultans I. Gıyaseddin
Keyhusrev (1192–1195), Ala al-Din Keykubbad, (1219-1236), II. Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev (1236-1246), IV. Rükn el-Din The
933:
The skeletons of five people thrown into a 1.8 meter diameter well of the
Islamic Period were found. At the bottom with the skeletons, five gold coins and silver coins from the Abbasid Period were found. One of the gold coins belongs to
926:
The walls of the Seljuk Period, built on a solid
Byzantine fortress, were preserved intact. The inscription on the limestone of this fortification was studied by a master calligrapher. The landfill belonged to Diyarbekr Şah Karaaslan.
942:
sediment. Samsat Höyük as an archaeological site is considered to be no longer accessible while it is covered by the waters of the reservoir. The old town of
Samosata below the tell was not excavated.
923:
The collection of glassware with cups, glasses and bowls is very rich. Other finds include oil lamps, ivory comb, fragrance bottle, terracotta lamps, bone spoons, leaf-shaped marble sconces and coins.
889:
located just north of the Samsat district of Adıyaman. Archaeological research on the hill of Şehremuz in Samsat has uncovered relics from the 7000 BC Paleolithic era; the 5000 BC Neolithic, 3000 BC
1955:
1940:
1945:
751:. A new location for the settlement was announced through Law No. 3433 on 21 April 1988. The historical Samsat was submerged in 1989 as the dam created the
314:. The current site of Samsat is comparatively new, however, being rebuilt in 1989 when the old town of Samosata was flooded during the construction of the
1935:
1684:
Gyselen, Rika (2010). "Romans and
Sasanians in the Third Century. Propaganda warfare and ambiguous imagery". In Börm, Henning; Wiesehöfer, Josef (eds.).
830:, present-day Diyarbakır. By 586, the titular of Amida bore only this title, meaning the union took place between the 7th and the 9th centuries. Earlier
737:
416:) practice that recalled the Achaemenid royal discourse. Samosata served as one of the most important royal residences of the Orontid kings of Sophene.
1795:
1098:
296:
181:
98:
1602:
Canepa, Matthew (2021). "Commagene Before and Beyond
Antiochos I: Dynastic Identity, Topographies of Power and Persian Spectacular Religion".
1741:
1592:
1574:
1534:
1013:
823:
724:
recaptured it for the
Ottomans who renamed it Samsat. It lost its old importance in the Ottoman administration and became the centre of a
1764:
1693:
1662:
1615:
1641:
1457:
643:, was recaptured by the Byzantines. In June 966, Samosata was the venue of an exchange of prisoners between the Byzantine Emperor
1564:
431:
Like other early-Orontid royal residences, Samosata experienced a sudden shift in its architectural style under the
Orontids of
1069:
1633:
464:
395:
383:
1705:
930:
The centre of the palace, which is thought to be the central courtyard, is 14,65 X 20,55 meters and it has a mosaic corner.
66:
1751:
Michels, Christoph (2021). "'Achaemenid' and 'Hellenistic' Strands of
Representation in the Minor Kingdoms of Asia Minor".
1630:
The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE
658:. At some point after that it fell into the hands of a certain Baluk, on of Amīr Ghāzī, who is mentioned among the army of
1788:
966:
1375:
300:
1480:
Nimet Özgüç, 1985 Yılında Yapılmış Olan Samsat Kazılarının Sonuçları' – 8. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (1986) Sh.: 297
740:, the population of the town decreased. In 1960, Samsat was made a district center and connected to the province of
1727:
920:
coins of Kılıç Arslan (1257–1264), as well as the coins of Saladin (1170-1193) printed in Harran, were uncovered.
1714:
629:
1157:
758:
The new town of Samsat was destroyed by an earthquake on 2 March 2017. The city was largely rebuilt afterwards.
1950:
1781:
851:
1874:
755:. The new town was built beside the new waterline by the Turkish government to house the displaced residents.
1388:
835:
874:
663:
633:
265:
1909:
1869:
1859:
1839:
777:
were crucified in 297 in Samosata for refusing to perform a pagan rite in celebration of the victory of
747:
The city of Samsat was evacuated from the old settlement on 5 March 1988 due to the construction of the
655:
611:
371:
1899:
1844:
912:
The first excavations were conducted in 1964 and 1967 under the direction of the American archeologist
686:
654:
After the collapse of Byzantine authority in the region, the town fell into the domain of the Armenian
894:
839:
810:
793:
752:
741:
644:
432:
362:. He may have founded the city in order to assert his claim over the area, a common practice amongst
311:
273:
145:
1864:
847:
827:
801:
667:
585:
573:
541:(224–651) from attacking it. In 260, it was the first city that was sacked by the Sasanian emperor
343:
152:
140:
1849:
1065:"Research Methodology in Kurdish Studies. Interactions between Fieldwork, Epistemology and Theory"
1036:
1718:
886:
797:
702:
694:
625:
553:
439:. During this period, Samosata was most likely populated by a variety of peoples, descended from
391:
355:
319:
1894:
1884:
1854:
861:
bishops. The Syrian bishopric probably lapsed in the 12th century. Samosata is included in the
674:, he later had to sell the town to Baldwin for 10,000 gold coins upon which it belonged to the
1889:
1879:
1760:
1737:
1722:
1689:
1658:
1637:
1625:
1611:
1588:
1570:
1453:
1445:
1019:
1009:
497:
436:
375:
1904:
1450:
Pour un Oriens Christianus novus; répertoire des diocèses Syriaques orientaux et occidentaux
1078:
898:
786:
675:
671:
659:
617:
600:
505:
245:
1755:
Common Dwelling Place of all the Gods: Commagene in its Local, Regional, and Global Context
1606:
Common Dwelling Place of all the Gods: Commagene in its Local, Regional, and Global Context
474:) founded sanctuaries that contained inscriptions about his cult as well as reliefs of his
1930:
1834:
1804:
935:
862:
858:
782:
538:
493:
448:
379:
363:
351:
285:
253:
157:
1008:. Yayın. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü. s.v. Samsat, p. 430.
846:, killed by an Arian woman (c. 380), honoured on 22 June; Andrew, a vigorous opponent of
1674:"The Policies of Nikephoros II Phokas in the context of the Byzantine economic recovery"
1673:
962:
1710:
1357:
870:
805:
748:
709:
399:
315:
214:
1546:
1003:
1924:
913:
906:
826:(the Photian Council) of 879, the See of Samosata had already been united to that of
790:
648:
528:
1471:, In: National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1967 Projects. 1974, pp. 83–109
890:
771:
682:
565:
534:
489:
452:
44:
318:. As of 2018, reconstruction process had not yet been fully completed. An ancient
1652:
1516:
Nimet Özgüç, Samsat 1984 Yılı Kazıları, 7. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (1985) p224.
639:
In the tenth century, the town, which was the second biggest in the region after
1039:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
866:
767:
698:
488:. In 73 AD, Samosata as well as the rest of Commagene was incorporated into the
419:
406:
367:
323:
563:). Shapur I is known to have had coins minted in the same fashion as the Roman
1507:
Nimet Özgüç, Samsat Kazıları 1982' – 5. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (1983) p111.
591:
Samosata was the birthplace of several renowned people from antiquity such as
387:
210:
1023:
113:
100:
1083:
1064:
713:
581:
577:
456:
281:
205:
53:
569:, which he may have taken from the material used in the mint of Samosata.
1404:
843:
785:: Abibus, Hipparchus, James, Lollian, Paragnus, Philotheus, and Romanus.
778:
640:
542:
524:
509:
476:
460:
444:
413:
304:
342:
The city of Samosata was founded sometime before 245 BC on the previous
17:
815:
721:
690:
513:
501:
440:
424:
359:
1585:
Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040-1130
1145:
831:
818:
in the 6th century mentions Samosata as an autocephalous metropolis (
774:
725:
592:
485:
481:
347:
277:
133:
1753:
1604:
1773:
717:
610:
418:
289:
1099:"Adıyaman Samsat Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri"
1052:(in Turkish) (3rd ed.). Kaynak Yayınları. 2014. p. 14.
1777:
1358:"Adıyaman'daki depremde 13 kişi yaralandı, yıkılan binalar var"
662:
which besieged Edessa in 1095. While he managed to fend off an
615:
Depiction of the Byzantine attack on Samosata in 859, from the
580:, and it was a natural crossing-place in the struggle between
226:
1122:
804:, venerated on 19 February, who lived in the 6th century at
1328:
1326:
412:) the "joy of" or "happiness of" was an Orontid (and later
697:
conquered and looted the town in 1237. The Mongol Emperor
624:
The Arabs conquered Commagene from the Byzantines in 640.
1525:
Nimet Özgüç, 7. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı (1985) Sh.: 226
329:
Its population was 3,790 in 2022, up from 3,520 in 2017.
938:(766 - 709) and the others to Mutawakkil (822 - 861).
963:"Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters"
893:
and 3000 to 1200 BC Bronze Ages. The ancient city of
1827:
1811:
873:have been appointed for that eastern see since the
523:), Samosata was given metropolis status along with
221:
204:
196:
188:
176:
171:
163:
151:
139:
129:
35:
1752:
1704:
1603:
1569:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
463:. Samosata was amongst the places where its ruler
1469:Samosata Archaeological Excavations, Turkey, 1967
1498:Nimet Özgüç, 7. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, p 227
537:were later placed in Samosata to discourage the
1651:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah (2008).
1489:Nimet Özgüç, 8. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, p298
1158:Samsat’ta kalıcı konutların temelleri atılıyor
492:. It may have been during this event that the
394:, similar to the rest of Orontid buildings in
1789:
552:) following his capture of the Roman emperor
500:was composed. The letter makes mention of an
8:
708:Samosata was temporarily absorbed into the
1796:
1782:
1774:
1759:. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 475–496.
1728:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
32:
1610:. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 71–103.
1344:
1332:
1305:
1082:
716:in 1392, and in 1401 it was destroyed by
576:had ships made in his expedition against
504:-speaking elite in Samosata that studied
1956:Kurdish settlements in Adıyaman Province
1566:Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World
822:, X, 144); at the synod that reinstated
1946:Populated places on the Euphrates River
1317:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1181:
951:
907:as a source of gold for ancient Sumeria
326:times has survived to the current day.
220:
203:
195:
187:
170:
162:
128:
93:
59:
50:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1193:
1169:
957:
955:
435:due to their close involvement in the
1941:Populated places in Adıyaman Province
1376:"Samsat ilçesi yeniden inşa ediliyor"
1005:Osmanlı yer adları: alfabetik sırayla
991:(in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 56.
905:) was located nearby; it is recorded
824:Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople
800:was born in a village near Samosata;
175:
150:
138:
7:
1583:Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017).
857:Chabot gives a list of twenty-eight
834:included Peperius, who attended the
1679:. Middle East Technical University.
989:Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî
808:, was also a native of Samosata. A
701:conquered Samosata in 1240 and the
1688:. Wellem Verlag. pp. 71–120.
398:. Naming cities such as Samosata (
310:Samsat was the ancient capital of
25:
1936:District municipalities in Turkey
72:
65:
52:
30:Municipality in Adıyaman, Turkey
1070:Anthropology of the Middle East
693:captured Samosata in 1203. The
558:
547:
518:
469:
386:. The city was built in a "sub-
299:(AKP) was elected mayor in the
1672:Fattori, Niccolò (June 2013).
1634:University of California Press
1563:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013),
720:. In 1516, the Ottoman Sultan
73:
1:
796:was born in Samosata in 200;
670:send by the ruler of Edessa,
297:Justice and Development Party
705:conquered the town as well.
687:Rukn ad-Din Sulayman Shah II
27:Settlement in Eastern Turkey
636:, was buried in Samosata.
303:in March 2019. The current
288:. The town is populated by
249:
1972:
1535:TAY – Yerleşme Ayrıntıları
1434:Revue de l'Orient chrétien
1123:"T.C. Samsat Kaymakamlığı"
842:, a great opponent of the
840:Saint Eusebius of Samosata
512:. Under the Roman emperor
269:
192:610 m (2,000 ft)
632:and commander during the
284:river. It is the seat of
272:) is a small town in the
94:
60:
51:
42:
1146:Samsat, Gezilecek Yerler
987:Avcıkıran, Adem (2009).
798:Saint Daniel the Stylite
572:It was at Samosata that
280:, situated on the upper
1736:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1686:Commutatio Et Contentio
1196:, p. 84; see also
1084:10.3167/ame.2020.150102
1063:Orhan, Mehmet (2020).
875:Second Vatican Council
621:
428:
322:nearby dating back to
292:of the Bezikan tribe.
1393:Conciliorum collectio
1002:Sezen, Tahir (2006).
685:devastated Samosata.
656:Philaretos Brachamios
614:
422:
295:Halil Fırat from the
114:37.57944°N 38.48139°E
1703:Haase, C.P. (1997).
811:Notitia Episcopatuum
645:Nikephoros II Phokas
588:in the 7th century.
472: 70–31 BC
312:Kingdom of Commagene
1184:, pp. 478–479.
848:Cyril of Alexandria
668:Baldwin of Boulogne
647:and his Muslim foe
370:dynasties, such as
110: /
1452:, Beirut, p. 263,
1422:Oriens christianus
1409:Oriens christianus
1395:, XVII-XVIII, 445.
885:Samsat Höyük is a
852:Council of Ephesus
791:Dynamic Monarchian
703:Beylik of Dulkadir
664:expedition in 1098
626:Safwan bin Muattal
622:
429:
392:architectural form
177: • Mayor
119:37.57944; 38.48139
86:Location in Turkey
1918:
1917:
1743:978-90-04-10422-8
1594:978-1-138-22959-4
1576:978-1-107-01205-9
1127:www.samsat.gov.tr
1015:978-975-19-3945-6
869:, but no further
859:Syrian Miaphysite
836:Council of Nicaea
794:Bishop of Antioch
766:In the Christian
753:Atatürk Reservoir
738:republican period
689:of the Anatolian
498:Mara bar Serapion
465:Antiochus I Theos
437:Greco-Roman world
307:is Halid Yıldız.
274:Adıyaman Province
239:
238:
16:(Redirected from
1963:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1770:
1758:
1747:
1719:Heinrichs, W. P.
1708:
1699:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1654:The Sasanian Era
1647:
1621:
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1378:. 20 March 2022.
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1103:www.sabah.com.tr
1095:
1089:
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1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:Aşiretler raporu
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1027:
999:
993:
992:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
959:
736:During Turkey's
676:county of Edessa
660:Ridwan of Aleppo
634:Muslim conquests
618:Madrid Skylitzes
607:Medieval history
601:Paul of Samosata
562:
560:
551:
549:
522:
520:
510:Stoic philosophy
506:Greek literature
473:
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76:
75:
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56:
33:
21:
1971:
1970:
1966:
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1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1951:Samsat District
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1823:
1807:
1805:Samsat District
1802:
1767:
1750:
1744:
1711:Bosworth, C. E.
1702:
1696:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1657:. I.B. Tauris.
1650:
1644:
1626:Canepa, Matthew
1624:
1618:
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1374:
1373:
1369:
1362:BBC News Türkçe
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1096:
1092:
1077:(1): 8 and 17.
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1061:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:İlçe Belediyesi
1035:
1031:
1016:
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
961:
960:
953:
948:
936:Harun al-Rashid
883:
871:titular bishops
863:Catholic Church
764:
762:In Christianity
734:
681:Warfare in the
609:
557:
546:
539:Sasanian Empire
517:
468:
396:Greater Armenia
340:
335:
301:local elections
286:Samsat District
254:Ottoman Turkish
225:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
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77:
47:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
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1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:Municipalities
1809:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1766:978-3515129251
1765:
1748:
1742:
1715:van Donzel, E.
1700:
1695:978-1463239886
1694:
1681:
1669:
1664:978-1845116903
1663:
1648:
1642:
1622:
1617:978-3515129251
1616:
1599:
1593:
1580:
1575:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1461:
1438:
1426:
1413:
1397:
1381:
1367:
1349:
1347:, p. 256.
1345:Beihammer 2017
1337:
1335:, p. 285.
1333:Beihammer 2017
1322:
1320:, p. 117.
1310:
1306:Beihammer 2017
1298:
1286:
1284:, p. 177.
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1224:, p. 110.
1214:
1202:
1186:
1174:
1172:, p. 109.
1162:
1150:
1138:
1114:
1090:
1055:
1041:
1029:
1014:
994:
979:
950:
949:
947:
944:
882:
879:
820:Échos d'Orient
806:Constantinople
802:Saint Rabbulas
763:
760:
733:
730:
710:Ottoman Empire
608:
605:
561: 253–260
550: 240–270
521: 117–138
400:Middle Persian
339:
336:
334:
331:
237:
236:
223:
219:
218:
208:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
92:
91:
85:
79:
78:
71:
70:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
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1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
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1836:
1833:
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1820:
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1806:
1799:
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1768:
1762:
1757:
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1749:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1724:
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1716:
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1701:
1697:
1691:
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1682:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1643:9780520379206
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:. Routledge.
1586:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
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1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:3-515-05718-8
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1308:, p. 54.
1307:
1302:
1299:
1296:, p. 76.
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:, p. 87.
1271:
1266:
1263:
1260:, p. 77.
1259:
1254:
1251:
1248:, p. 74.
1247:
1242:
1239:
1236:, p. 84.
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1212:, p. 82.
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:, p. 110
1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
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1139:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
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1059:
1056:
1051:
1045:
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1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
998:
995:
990:
983:
980:
968:
964:
958:
956:
952:
945:
943:
939:
937:
931:
928:
924:
921:
917:
915:
914:Theresa Goell
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
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756:
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745:
743:
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
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706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
649:Sayf al-Dawla
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
620:
619:
613:
606:
604:
602:
599:120-192) and
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:
555:
544:
540:
536:
535:Roman legions
532:
530:
526:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:from Samosata
426:
421:
417:
415:
411:
408:
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
332:
330:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
266:Ancient Greek
263:
260:), formerly
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
234:
224:
216:
212:
209:
207:
199:
191:
183:
180:Halil Fırat (
179:
166:
159:
156:
154:
147:
144:
142:
135:
132:
123:
95:Coordinates:
68:
55:
46:
41:
34:
19:
1818:
1754:
1733:
1726:
1685:
1653:
1629:
1605:
1584:
1565:
1542:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1424:, II, 933-6.
1421:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1340:
1318:Fattori 2013
1313:
1301:
1294:Gyselen 2010
1289:
1282:Andrade 2013
1277:
1270:Andrade 2013
1265:
1258:Andrade 2013
1253:
1246:Andrade 2013
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1189:
1182:Michels 2021
1177:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1130:. Retrieved
1126:
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:
1093:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1044:
1032:
1004:
997:
988:
982:
970:. Retrieved
940:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
911:
902:
891:Chalcolithic
884:
867:titular sees
856:
819:
809:
765:
757:
746:
735:
732:Modern times
707:
683:13th century
680:
653:
638:
623:
616:
596:
590:
571:
566:antoninianus
564:
533:
490:Roman Empire
475:
453:Neo-Hittites
430:
410:*Sāmašiyāti-
409:
402:
341:
328:
309:
294:
261:
257:
241:
240:
45:Municipality
1723:Lecomte, G.
1632:. Oakland:
1446:Fiey, J. M.
1234:Canepa 2021
1222:Canepa 2018
1210:Canepa 2021
1198:Canepa 2018
1194:Canepa 2021
1170:Canepa 2018
881:Archaeology
865:'s list of
850:and of the
768:martyrology
749:Atatürk Dam
699:Hülagü Khan
695:Anushtegins
603:(fl. 260).
407:Old Persian
368:Hellenistic
344:Neo-Hittite
324:Paleolithic
316:Atatürk Dam
164:Established
117: /
1925:Categories
1732:Volume IX:
1706:"Sumaysāṭ"
1436:, VI, 203.
1420:Le Quien,
1411:, II, 994.
1132:2019-12-18
1108:2019-12-18
946:References
496:letter of
390:" Persian
388:Achaemenid
372:Cappadocia
197:Population
172:Government
167:12th c. BC
105:38°28′53″E
102:37°34′46″N
1880:Kovanoluk
1024:133108331
783:Sassanids
781:over the
772:Christian
714:Bayazid I
582:Heraclius
578:Shapur II
574:Julian II
457:Armenians
449:Assyrians
433:Commagene
338:Antiquity
282:Euphrates
206:Time zone
189:Elevation
1910:Yarımbağ
1905:Uzuntepe
1870:Kırmacık
1865:Göltarla
1860:Gölpınar
1840:Bağarası
1828:Villages
1725:(eds.).
1628:(2018).
1448:(1993),
1405:Le Quien
972:2 August
779:Maximian
770:, seven
742:Adıyaman
641:Melitene
586:Chosroes
554:Valerian
543:Shapur I
525:Damascus
477:dexiosis
461:Persians
445:Arameans
423:Coin of
414:Artaxiad
403:*Sāmašād
354:king of
346:site of
305:Kaymakam
270:Σαμόσατα
262:Samosata
153:District
146:Adıyaman
141:Province
18:Samosata
1900:Tepeönü
1895:Taşkuyu
1885:Kuştepe
1875:Kızılöz
1855:Doğanca
1845:Bayırlı
1835:Akdamar
1734:San–Sze
1557:Sources
899:Hittite
838:(325);
832:bishops
816:Antioch
775:martyrs
722:Selim I
691:Seljuks
514:Hadrian
502:Aramaic
486:Mithras
441:Syrians
425:Hadrian
384:Armenia
380:Parthia
364:Iranian
360:Sames I
356:Sophene
352:Orontid
350:by the
333:History
258:Semisat
250:Samîsad
246:Kurdish
229:.samsat
222:Website
130:Country
1931:Samsat
1890:Ovacık
1819:Samsat
1763:
1740:
1721:&
1692:
1661:
1640:
1614:
1591:
1573:
1547:Samsat
1456:
1022:
1012:
895:Ḫaḫḫum
844:Arians
726:sanjak
672:Thoros
666:under
630:sahabi
593:Lucian
494:Syriac
482:Apollo
459:, and
376:Pontus
348:Kummuh
278:Turkey
256:صمصاد
242:Samsat
158:Samsat
134:Turkey
80:Samsat
37:Samsat
1850:Çiçek
1709:. In
1677:(PDF)
1389:Mansi
903:Ḫaḫḫa
828:Amida
718:Timur
480:with
290:Kurds
211:UTC+3
200:3,790
1761:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1454:ISBN
1020:OCLC
1010:ISBN
974:2023
967:TÜIK
887:tell
789:the
787:Paul
628:, a
584:and
529:Tyre
527:and
508:and
382:and
366:and
320:tell
231:.bel
1079:doi
814:of
712:by
651:.
276:of
233:.tr
227:www
215:TRT
182:AKP
1927::
1730:.
1717:;
1713:;
1636:.
1407:,
1391:,
1360:.
1325:^
1125:.
1101:.
1075:15
1073:.
1067:.
1018:.
965:.
954:^
909:.
901::
877:.
854:.
744:.
728:.
678:.
597:c.
559:r.
548:r.
531:.
519:r.
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451:,
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1646:.
1620:.
1597:.
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1160:.
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1111:.
1087:.
1081::
1026:.
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897:(
595:(
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516:(
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467:(
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443:/
264:(
244:(
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213:(
184:)
20:)
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