340:
2588:, p. 4: "A completely new approach which prevails today was presented by Ben-Hayyim, whose scientific activity was focused on the languages of the Samaritans—Hebrew and Aramaic. Years before the publication ol his grammar, with its exhaustive description of SH, he indicated several linguistic phenomena common to SH on the one hand, and Mishnaic Hebrew (MH) and the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls (HDSS), on the other. He proved that the language heard today when the Torah is read by the Samaritans in their synagogue is not very different from the Hebrew which once lived and flourished among the Samaritans before, during and after the time of the destruction of the Second Temple. The isoglosses common to SH. MH and HDSS led him to establish that the Hebrew heard in the synagogue by modernday Samaritans is not exclusively theirs, but rather this Hebrew or something resembling it, was also the language of other residents of Eretz Israel before it was supplanted by Aramaic as a spoken language."
352:
406:
1774:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1795:
1130:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
386:
published in five volumes his monumental Hebrew work on the Hebrew and
Aramaic traditions of the Samaritans. Ben-Haim, whose views prevail today, proved that modern Samaritan Hebrew is not very different from Second Temple Samaritan, which itself was a language shared with the other residents of the
339:
351:
448:
following the exile of the
Kingdom of Judah in the 6th century BCE. During the 3rd century BCE, Jews began to use this stylized "square" form of the script used by the
432:
The
Samaritan alphabet is close to the script that appears on many Ancient Hebrew coins and inscriptions. By contrast, all other varieties of Hebrew, as written by
3601:
2120:
When suffixes are added, ê and ô in the last syllable may become î and û: bôr (Judean bohr) "pit" > búrôt "pits". Note also af "anger" > éppa "her anger".
4138:
2847:
3556:
4133:
2126:
behave more or less as in other Hebrew varieties: beţen "stomach" > báţnek "your stomach", ke′seph "silver" > ke′sefánu (Judean Hebrew
3635:
1447:
1431:
2885:
2748:
2689:, p. 47–48 (while Ben-Hayyim notates four degrees of vowel length, he concedes that only his "fourth degree" has phonemic value)
456:, its chancellery script while the Samaritans continued to use the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, which evolved into the Samaritan alphabet.
2777:
2756:
2629:
1842:
1816:
1494:
do not have spirantized allophones, though at least some did originally in
Samaritan Hebrew (evidenced in the preposition "in" ב-
1372:
2201:
Dual is sometimes -ayem (Judean Hebrew: a′yim), šenatayem "two years", usually -êm like the plural yédêm "hands" (Judean Hebrew
4128:
1353:
223:
3512:
3507:
2880:
1820:
2576:, p. 1: "When the Samaritan version of the Pentateuch was revealed to the Western world early in the 17th century... "
4087:
2840:
4123:
3678:
3587:
3517:
1360:
4092:
3032:
1781:
Stress generally differs from other traditions, being found usually on the penultimate and sometimes on the ultimate.
1413:
117:
1805:
359:
The
Samaritan language first became known in detail to the Western world with the publication of a manuscript of the
3801:
2795:
1440:
1262:
26:
1824:
1809:
2801:
1398:
307:, and is used by the Samaritans in prayer. Today, the spoken vernacular among Samaritans is evenly split between
288:, which itself ceased to be a spoken language some time between the 10th and 12th centuries and was succeeded by
112:
4118:
3551:
3229:
2998:
2833:
1566:
is sometimes pronounced as , though not in
Pentateuch reading, as a result of influence from Samaritan Arabic.
1283:
233:
207:
3628:
3594:
3573:
3536:
3424:
3224:
3006:
2894:
2811:
2600:
1315:
1308:
1276:
364:
60:
213:
3735:
3234:
2890:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1366:
1268:
1116:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
400:
107:
1490:
Samaritan Hebrew shows the following consonantal differences from
Biblical Hebrew: The original phonemes
3750:
3745:
3673:
3459:
3219:
3073:
2817:
2606:
1469:
1423:
1227:
1220:
426:
422:
308:
97:
355:
Genesis 5:18–22 as published by Jean Morin in 1631 in the first publication of the
Samaritan Pentateuch
2369:
b- before a vowel (or, therefore, a former guttural): b-érbi = "with a sword"; b-íštu "with his wife".
2172:
is silent. Thus, for example: énnar / ánnar = "the youth"; ellêm = "the meat"; a'émor = "the donkey".
3668:
3339:
3068:
1326:
1174:
445:
410:
360:
347:
published the
Samaritan alphabet, together with the first Western representation of a Hasmonean coin.
328:
274:
3760:
3621:
3466:
3372:
3176:
1340:
628:
304:
122:
3875:
3775:
3540:
3481:
3476:
3354:
3291:
2794:
2373:
1206:
1194:
1155:
418:
396:
368:
312:
293:
405:
284:
For the
Samaritans, Ancient Hebrew ceased to be a spoken everyday language and was succeeded by
4070:
3765:
3709:
3532:
3429:
3362:
3327:
3323:
3276:
2773:
2752:
2740:
2625:
1389:
1301:
1181:
1160:
449:
383:
285:
102:
2549:
4065:
3980:
3714:
3688:
3580:
2953:
2920:
2383:
2153:
1169:
1150:
453:
441:
344:
163:
75:
4097:
3970:
3527:
3491:
3454:
3446:
3419:
3397:
3333:
3311:
3088:
2990:
2980:
2958:
2932:
2927:
2915:
2875:
2870:
2856:
2545:
1461:
1214:
1165:
289:
278:
270:
127:
89:
2810:
2599:
2386:("the"): barrášet (Judean Hebrew: Bere'·shith') "in the beginning"; béyyôm "in the day".
4030:
4005:
3975:
3683:
3344:
3063:
3053:
2968:
2963:
2130:) "our silver", dérek > dirkakimma "your (m. pl.) road" but áreş (in Judean Hebrew:
1247:
502:
484:
460:
156:
1687:רחב 'wide'. Long vowels are usually the result of the elision of guttural consonants.
199:
4112:
4075:
4010:
3990:
3985:
3940:
3755:
3663:
3301:
3196:
2937:
2213:
Samaritans have the tradition of either spelling out loud with the Samaritan letters
1346:
1253:
664:
547:
493:
1773:
3658:
3471:
3387:
3319:
3161:
3121:
3101:
3048:
1292:
673:
601:
529:
1078:
1072:
1066:
2767:
2561:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3910:
3839:
3740:
3546:
3392:
3116:
3058:
2973:
1794:
1598:
1586:
820:
520:
437:
2414:
l- before the article: lammúad "at the appointed time"; la-şé'on "to the flock"
1570:
may also be pronounced as , but this occurs only rarely and in fluent reading.
1538:, unlike in all other contemporary Hebrew traditions in which it is pronounced
1129:
4060:
3965:
3885:
3880:
3870:
3796:
3791:
3770:
3644:
3436:
2517:
2512:
2376:: bá-bêt (Judean Hebrew: ba-ba′yith) "in a house", ba-mádbar "in a wilderness"
2157:
1643:
1591:
266:
3925:
3920:
3865:
3411:
3382:
2379:
ev- before other consonant: ev-lila "in a night", ev-dévar "with the thing".
1621:
1059:
300:
192:
176:
183:
4055:
3930:
3895:
3730:
3486:
3078:
2899:
2220:
2161:
2123:
1110:
372:
241:
229:
1526:
everywhere except in the conjunction ו- 'and' where it is pronounced as
4050:
4020:
4015:
4000:
3811:
320:
237:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
3995:
3915:
3860:
3806:
3377:
3286:
3281:
3266:
3261:
3211:
3166:
3151:
610:
583:
511:
324:
64:
56:
3581:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
2562:
Exercitationes ecclesiasticae in utrumque Samaritanorum Pentateuchum
2769:
Late Samaritan Hebrew: A Linguistic Analysis Of Its Different Types
2550:
History of Jewish Coinage and of Money in the Old and New Testament
4025:
3945:
3935:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3855:
3834:
3522:
3367:
3271:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3181:
3126:
3111:
3106:
3096:
2825:
2232:
1772:
1128:
637:
538:
404:
376:
350:
338:
316:
68:
4082:
3296:
3241:
3191:
3186:
3171:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
1939:
655:
646:
619:
574:
565:
556:
433:
375:, and this manuscript, now known as Codex B, was deposited in a
3617:
2829:
3201:
3156:
2405:
l- before a vowel: l-ávi "to my father", l-évad "to the slave"
1788:
592:
259:
44:
3613:
2408:
el-, al- before a consonant: al-béni "to the children (of)"
1697:
are both realized as in closed post-tonic syllables, e.g.
1749:
stems from a contracted diphthong. In other environments,
240:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2223:) Name" in Aramaic, similar to Judean Hebrew "Ha-Shem" .
2624:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1993.
463:
of the Samaritan alphabet is used in personal affects.
1737:
only contrast in open post-tonic syllables, e.g. ידו
16:
Reading tradition used liturgically by the Samaritans
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
4043:
3848:
3827:
3820:
3784:
3723:
3697:
3651:
3565:
3500:
3445:
3410:
3353:
3310:
3210:
3087:
3041:
3025:
3018:
2946:
2908:
2863:
2394:
ka without the article: ka-demútu "in his likeness"
206:
190:
174:
169:
153:
86:
74:
52:
34:
2734:Lehrbuch der samaritanischen Sprache und Literatur
265:) is a reading tradition used liturgically by the
3602:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
1721:when that syllable is no longer stressed, e.g.
303:of Samaritan Hebrew is very similar to that of
2425:u- before vowels: u-yeššeg "and he caught up".
2422:w- before consonants: wal-Šárra "and to Sarah"
3629:
2841:
2736:, A. Hartleben's Verlag: Wien, Pest, Leipzig.
8:
2397:ke with the article: ké-yyôm "like the day".
425:, which in turn is a variant of the earlier
387:region before it was supplanted by Aramaic.
2160:of the following consonant, unless it is a
1823:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3824:
3636:
3622:
3614:
3022:
2848:
2834:
2826:
2716:
2701:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2659:
2644:
2533:
31:
2812:"Samaritan Language and Literature"
2796:"Samaritan Language and Literature"
2601:"Samaritan Language and Literature"
2585:
2573:
1843:Learn how and when to remove this message
2230:
2011:
1864:
1668:
1577:
1141:
1019:
475:
2712:
2710:
2697:
2695:
2505:
234:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2655:
2653:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
440:, which is in fact a variation of the
315:, depending on whether they reside in
2238:
1679:Phonemic length is contrastive, e.g.
1147:
7:
4139:Languages extinct in the 2nd century
2610:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2137:) "earth" > árşak (Judean Hebrew
1821:adding citations to reliable sources
371:had purchased a copy of the text in
417:Samaritan Hebrew is written in the
3797:The Kitab al-Tarikh of Abu 'l-Fath
2749:The Hebrew University Magnes Press
1550:or null everywhere, except before
14:
2598:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1468:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1412:
1397:
1371:
1359:
1352:
1325:
1314:
1307:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1261:
1226:
1219:
2622:A History of the Hebrew Language
2192:fem: -ôt (Judean Hebrew: -oth.)
1793:
1753:appears in closed syllables and
1133:Samaritan Mezuzah, Mount Gerizim
1077:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
19:For the language with ISO code
2411:le- before l: le-léket "to go"
2184:masc: -êm (Judean Hebrew -im)
1713:הגר. In other cases, stressed
1:
4134:Samaritan culture and history
4088:Parable of the Good Samaritan
3724:History and important figures
2745:A Grammar of Samaritan Hebrew
444:that Jews began using in the
421:, a direct descendant of the
2219:or saying "Shema" meaning "(
2209:Tradition of the Divine Name
2180:Regular plural suffixes are
1757:in open syllables, e.g. דור
1655:
1647:
1633:
1625:
1610:
1602:
1143:Samaritan Hebrew consonants
294:Samaritan Palestinian Arabic
260:
45:
4093:Samaritan woman at the well
3821:Settlements and communities
672:
663:
654:
645:
636:
627:
618:
609:
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
492:
483:
4155:
2891:Transliteration to English
2802:Collier's New Encyclopedia
394:
82:survives in liturgical use
27:Samaritan Aramaic language
18:
2365:"in, using", pronounced:
2316:
2279:
2262:
2243:
2240:
2104:
2093:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2014:
1995:
1986:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1946:
1930:
1916:
1907:
1900:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1460:
1422:
1339:
1246:
1213:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1024:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
281:among the Jewish people.
254:
220:
40:
39:
3574:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
2766:Flôrenṭîn, Moše (2005).
2390:"as, like", pronounced:
2216:"Yohth, Ie', Baa, Ie' "
2156:is a- or e-, and causes
2523:(subscription required)
2164:; it is written with a
367:. In 1616 the traveler
271:Ancient Hebrew language
61:Palestinian territories
4129:Language and mysticism
3736:Sanballat the Horonite
1778:
1777:Samaritan Torah Scroll
1134:
438:square Hebrew alphabet
414:
401:Samaritan vocalization
382:Between 1957 and 1977
356:
348:
292:(or more specifically
222:This article contains
3751:Eudokia of Heliopolis
2818:Catholic Encyclopedia
2674:, pp. 43–44, 48.
2607:Catholic Encyclopedia
2040:alaz (written with a
1776:
1510:(except occasionally
1132:
427:Proto-Sinaitic script
423:Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
408:
354:
342:
335:History and discovery
309:Modern Israeli Hebrew
3669:Samaritan Pentateuch
3595:Strong's Concordance
2886:Ancient inscriptions
2429:Other prepositions:
2168:, but as usual, the
1817:improve this section
467:Letter pronunciation
446:Babylonian captivity
411:Samaritan Pentateuch
409:Detail of the Nabul
361:Samaritan Pentateuch
275:Samaritan Pentateuch
4124:Canaanite languages
3761:Marinus of Neapolis
3588:Brown–Driver–Briggs
2719:, p. 44, 48–49
2382:ba-/be- before the
2235:
2044:at the beginning).
1745:'his hands', where
1580:
1144:
436:, employ the later
413:in Samaritan Hebrew
63:, predominantly in
3876:Beit Dajan, Nablus
3776:Julianus ben Sabar
3437:Law of attenuation
2947:Reading traditions
2647:, pp. 31, 37.
2480:ín-ak: you are not
2445:balêd-i: except me
2418:"and" pronounced:
2374:bilabial consonant
2231:
2187:eyyamêm "the days"
2083:Who, which: éšar.
1779:
1578:
1142:
1135:
419:Samaritan alphabet
415:
397:Samaritan alphabet
369:Pietro della Valle
357:
349:
313:Palestinian Arabic
4106:
4105:
4071:Tribe of Manasseh
4039:
4038:
3766:Samaritan revolts
3710:Samaritan Aramaic
3611:
3610:
3467:Verbal morphology
3406:
3405:
2924:
2741:Ben-Ḥayyim, Ze'ev
2521:(18th ed., 2015)
2483:ífa (ípa): where?
2401:"to" pronounced:
2353:
2352:
2076:
2075:
2005:
2004:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1725:דברתי but דברתמה
1705:הבית 'the house'
1677:
1676:
1579:Samaritan vowels
1558:sometimes become
1542:. The laryngeals
1488:
1487:
1392:
1349:
1304:
1256:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1122:
1121:
1013:
1012:
682:Samaritan Letter
461:a cursive variant
459:In modern times,
450:Achaemenid Empire
327:, in Palestine's
286:Samaritan Aramaic
277:, in contrast to
248:
247:
230:rendering support
226:phonetic symbols.
118:Northwest Semitic
4146:
4066:Tribe of Ephraim
3825:
3715:Samaritan script
3705:Samaritan Hebrew
3689:Hill of Phinehas
3638:
3631:
3624:
3615:
3557:Unicode and HTML
3023:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2976:
2921:northern dialect
2918:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2783:
2762:
2720:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2513:Samaritan Hebrew
2510:
2442:elqérôt: against
2384:definite article
2236:
2154:definite article
2144:) "your earth".
2141:
2134:
2106:
2095:
2068:
2054:
2033:
2012:
1997:
1988:
1974:
1965:
1948:
1937:(note the final
1932:
1918:
1909:
1892:
1883:
1865:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1797:
1789:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1741:'his hand' ידיו
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1581:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:has merged with
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1472:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1416:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1345:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1252:
1230:
1223:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1145:
1118:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1020:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
677:
668:
659:
650:
641:
632:
623:
614:
605:
596:
587:
578:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
476:
454:Imperial Aramaic
442:Aramaic alphabet
345:Guillaume Postel
305:Samaritan Arabic
269:for reading the
263:
256:
251:Samaritan Hebrew
216:
202:
186:
179:
164:Samaritan script
159:
133:Samaritan Hebrew
92:
48:
42:
35:Samaritan Hebrew
32:
23:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4119:Hebrew language
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4098:Ten Lost Tribes
4035:
3971:Khirbet Kurkush
3844:
3816:
3780:
3719:
3693:
3647:
3642:
3612:
3607:
3566:Reference works
3561:
3496:
3492:Vav-consecutive
3441:
3420:Biblical Hebrew
3402:
3349:
3334:Mater lectionis
3306:
3206:
3083:
3037:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2972:
2942:
2904:
2859:
2857:Hebrew language
2854:
2809:
2793:
2790:
2780:
2765:
2759:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2717:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2715:
2708:
2702:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2700:
2693:
2687:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2685:
2678:
2672:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2670:
2666:
2662:, p. 34–35
2660:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2658:
2651:
2645:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2643:
2639:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2546:Frederic Madden
2544:
2540:
2534:Ben-Ḥayyim 2000
2532:
2528:
2522:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2468:
2452:
2363:
2358:
2229:
2211:
2195:elamôt "dreams"
2178:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2089:
2081:
2010:
1863:
1858:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1814:
1798:
1787:
1771:
1683:רב 'great' vs.
1576:
1522:has shifted to
1506:has shifted to
1176:
1140:
1127:
819:Square Hebrew (
469:
403:
395:Main articles:
393:
337:
319:(Israel) or in
279:Tiberian Hebrew
228:Without proper
212:
198:
182:
175:
160:
155:
149:
128:Biblical Hebrew
113:Central Semitic
93:
90:Language family
88:
81:
30:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4152:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4044:Related topics
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3976:Khirbet Samara
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Book of Joshua
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3684:Tomb of Joseph
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3541:modern Israeli
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3430:Philippi's law
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3345:Plene scriptum
3342:
3337:
3330:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2807:
2789:
2788:External links
2786:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2737:
2732:J. Rosenberg,
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2706:
2691:
2676:
2664:
2649:
2637:
2630:
2613:
2590:
2586:Flôrenṭîn 2005
2578:
2574:Flôrenṭîn 2005
2566:
2554:
2538:
2526:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:bêd-u: for him
2437:
2436:elfáni: before
2434:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2228:
2225:
2210:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2174:
2149:
2146:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1770:
1767:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
960:Pronunciation
957:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
816:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
679:
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
633:
624:
615:
606:
597:
588:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
516:
507:
498:
489:
480:
468:
465:
392:
389:
384:Ze'ev Ben-Haim
336:
333:
246:
245:
232:, you may see
218:
217:
210:
204:
203:
196:
188:
187:
180:
172:
171:
170:Language codes
167:
166:
161:
157:Writing system
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
96:
94:
87:
84:
83:
80:c. 2nd century
78:
72:
71:
54:
50:
49:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4151:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4076:Tribe of Levi
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Mount Gerizim
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Semitic roots
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Modern Hebrew
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Abbreviations
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Kubutz/shuruk
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:9789004138414
2775:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2758:1-57506-047-7
2754:
2750:
2747:. Jerusalem:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2631:0-521-55634-1
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2536:, p. 29.
2535:
2530:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2499:
2495:mittét: under
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:ba- before a
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
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2308:
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2299:
2298:
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2274:
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2268:
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2257:
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2247:
2237:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2087:Interrogative
2086:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2008:Demonstrative
2007:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1836:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:This section
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1727:/dabbertimma/
1688:
1665:
1664:
1645:
1642:
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1623:
1620:
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1600:
1597:
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1471:
1467:
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1425:
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1409:
1407:
1405:
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1400:
1396:
1394:
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1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
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1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
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1338:
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1333:
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1328:
1324:
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1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1290:
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1281:
1278:
1274:
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1267:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1249:
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1240:
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1236:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
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1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
959:
958:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
822:
818:
817:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
681:
680:
676:
675:
670:
667:
666:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
648:
643:
640:
639:
634:
631:
630:
625:
622:
621:
616:
613:
612:
607:
604:
603:
598:
595:
594:
589:
586:
585:
580:
577:
576:
571:
568:
567:
562:
559:
558:
553:
550:
549:
544:
541:
540:
535:
532:
531:
526:
523:
522:
517:
514:
513:
508:
505:
504:
499:
496:
495:
490:
487:
486:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
466:
464:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
412:
407:
402:
398:
390:
388:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
346:
341:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
252:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
225:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
195:
194:
189:
185:
181:
178:
173:
168:
165:
162:
158:
152:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:
95:
91:
85:
79:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
38:
33:
28:
24:
3981:Kiryat Hagga
3807:Memar Marqah
3704:
3659:Samaritanism
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3388:Inverted nun
3373:Cantillation
3332:
3302:Sin/Shin dot
3074:Paleo-Hebrew
2985:
2895:from English
2816:
2800:
2768:
2744:
2733:
2727:Bibliography
2704:, p. 49
2667:
2640:
2621:
2616:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2541:
2529:
2516:
2508:
2492:šémma: there
2458:em: if, when
2450:Conjunctions
2428:
2417:
2400:
2389:
2364:
2361:Prepositions
2218:
2215:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2151:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2108:
2097:
2082:
2070:
2056:
2041:
2035:
1999:
1990:
1976:
1967:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1920:
1911:
1894:
1885:
1839:
1830:
1815:Please help
1803:
1780:
1701:בית 'house'
1689:
1678:
1546:have become
1489:
1023:Niqqud with
1015:
1014:
471:
470:
458:
431:
416:
381:
358:
298:
283:
258:
250:
249:
221:
208:Linguasphere
191:
132:
108:West Semitic
98:Afro-Asiatic
20:
3961:Kafr Qallil
3956:Kafr Qaddum
3951:Kafr Abbush
3886:Beth Phurik
3840:Kiryat Luza
3741:Simon Magus
3393:Shekel sign
3355:Punctuation
3320:with Niqqud
3230:Palestinian
3019:Orthography
2999:Palestinian
2433:al: towards
2317:3nd person
2280:2nd person
2263:1st person
1957:3rd person
1901:2nd person
1878:1st person
1424:Approximant
1113:consonant)
821:Ktav Ashuri
391:Orthography
363:in 1631 by
236:instead of
4113:Categories
4061:Israelites
4016:Tira Luzeh
3966:Kafr Zibad
3881:Beit Wazan
3871:Bayt Dajan
3792:The Asaṭīr
3785:Literature
3771:Baba Rabba
3674:Priesthood
3645:Samaritans
3543:literature
3363:Diacritics
3225:Babylonian
3007:Babylonian
2518:Ethnologue
2500:References
2486:méti: when
2349:ti- -inna
2244:imperfect
2221:The Divine
2158:gemination
1723:/dabbirti/
1717:shifts to
1138:Consonants
1027:/מ
472:Consonants
365:Jean Morin
267:Samaritans
3866:al-Badhan
3746:Dositheos
3412:Phonology
3383:Gershayim
3235:Samaritan
3010:(extinct)
3002:(extinct)
2994:(extinct)
2986:Samaritan
2954:Ashkenazi
2864:Overviews
2772:. BRILL.
2552:, page ii
2477:afu: also
2461:avel: but
2356:Particles
2142:arts-ekha
2124:Segolates
2025:singular
1870:singular
1833:July 2024
1804:does not
1492:*/bɡdkpt/
1347:voiceless
1341:Fricative
1254:voiceless
1125:Phonology
823:) letter
379:library.
301:phonology
193:Glottolog
177:ISO 639-3
123:Canaanite
4056:Cuthites
3946:Jusepheh
3931:Immatain
3911:Fara'ata
3896:Damascus
3731:Samerina
3679:Passover
3652:Religion
3552:Surnames
3528:Keyboard
3501:Academic
3487:Segolate
3482:Suffixes
3477:Prefixes
3455:Biblical
3398:Numerals
3312:Spelling
3220:Tiberian
3089:Alphabet
3079:Solitreo
3069:Crowning
3033:Biblical
2991:Tiberian
2981:Yemenite
2959:Sephardi
2933:Medieval
2928:Mishnaic
2916:Biblical
2900:Gematria
2876:Alphabet
2871:Language
2743:(2000).
2489:fâ: here
2474:kâ: also
2312:te- -na
2295:te- -un
2255:singular
2249:singular
2241:perfect
2203:yadhayim
2162:guttural
2128:kaspe′nu
2107:
2103:What? =
2096:
2079:Relative
2069:
2055:
2034:
1998:
1989:
1975:
1966:
1949:
1933:
1919:
1910:
1895:ā̊nā̊nnu
1893:
1884:
1861:Personal
1856:Pronouns
1666:Reduced
1156:Alveolar
1111:geminate
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
638:Tsaa'diy
611:Sin'gaat
377:Parisian
373:Damascus
343:In 1538
257:
255:ࠏࠨࠁࠬࠓࠪࠉࠕ
242:Help:IPA
200:sama1313
43:
4051:Samaria
4021:Tulkarm
4001:Shechem
3921:Fondeka
3828:Current
3812:Tolidah
3698:Culture
3537:ancient
3513:Academy
3508:Revival
3447:Grammar
3324:missing
3064:Cursive
3054:Braille
3042:Scripts
2969:Mizrahi
2964:Italian
2881:History
2821:. 1913.
2805:. 1921.
2471:la: not
2466:Adverbs
2337:female
2332:yi- -u
2309:ti- -i
2300:female
2289:-tímma
2258:plural
2252:plural
2233:Affixes
2148:Article
2092:Who? =
2063:plural
1983:female
1927:female
1921:attimma
1886:ā̊nā̊ki
1873:plural
1825:removed
1810:sources
1785:Grammar
1763:/durot/
1711:/aɡɡər/
1703:/abbət/
1182:Glottal
1175:Pharyn-
1161:Palatal
1105:/o/,/u/
1100:/e/,/i/
1090:/a/,/ɒ/
321:Shechem
273:of the
238:Unicode
103:Semitic
76:Extinct
3996:Selebi
3986:Merdah
3916:Farkha
3901:Emmaus
3861:Awarta
3849:Former
3533:Hebrew
3460:Modern
3378:Geresh
3287:Mappiq
3282:Dagesh
3267:Kamatz
3212:Niqqud
3167:Samech
3059:Ashuri
2974:Syrian
2938:Modern
2776:
2755:
2628:
2564:, 1631
2176:Number
2135:e'rets
1769:Stress
1761:דורות
1743:/jedo/
1739:/jedu/
1685:/rɒːb/
1574:Vowels
1554:where
1544:/ʔħhʕ/
1390:voiced
1302:voiced
1170:Uvular
1151:Labial
1086:value
1016:Vowels
584:La'bat
512:Da'lat
503:Ga'man
329:Area A
325:Nablus
323:(i.e.
290:Arabic
261:ʿÎbrit
214:12-AAB
65:Nablus
57:Israel
53:Region
25:, see
4031:Zeita
4026:Yasuf
4011:Sirin
4006:Silat
3991:Salem
3936:Jaffa
3906:Fahma
3891:Cairo
3856:Attil
3835:Holon
3756:Justa
3547:Names
3523:Ulpan
3518:Study
3368:Meteg
3292:Maqaf
3272:Holam
3262:Pataḥ
3257:Segol
3252:Tzere
3247:Hiriq
3182:Tsadi
3152:Lamed
3127:Zayin
3112:Dalet
3107:Gimel
3049:Rashi
2455:u: or
2320:male
2306:-tên
2283:male
2227:Verbs
2140:'
2133:'
2057:zē'ot
2028:masc
2020:that
2017:this
1960:male
1951:attən
1931:ࠀࠕ(ࠉ)
1904:male
1891:ࠀࠍࠇࠍࠅ
1759:/dor/
1707:/ɡer/
1699:/bit/
1681:/rɒb/
1599:Close
1587:Front
1556:*/ħʕ/
1514:>
1512:*/pː/
1462:Trill
1215:Nasal
1201:plain
1189:plain
1166:Velar
485:A'laf
479:Name
317:Holon
69:Holon
46:Îbrit
41:ࠏࠁࠓࠉࠕ
4083:Jews
3926:Gaza
3328:full
3297:Rafe
3242:Shva
3197:Shin
3192:Resh
3172:Ayin
3097:Alef
3026:Eras
2909:Eras
2774:ISBN
2753:ISBN
2626:ISBN
2346:ti-
2329:yi-
2303:-ti
2292:ti-
2286:-ta
2275:ne-
2269:-nu
2266:-ti
2152:The
2116:Noun
2071:illa
2049:fem
2000:inna
1977:imma
1940:yodh
1935:åtti
1912:åttå
1882:ࠀࠍࠊࠉ
1808:any
1806:cite
1733:and
1693:and
1644:Open
1592:Back
1552:/aɒ/
1532:*/ɬ/
1520:*/w/
1516:/bː/
1504:*/p/
1496:/av/
1248:Stop
1207:emp.
1195:emp.
1177:geal
1117:/ʕa/
674:Taaf
665:Shan
656:Rish
575:Kaaf
452:for
434:Jews
399:and
311:and
299:The
67:and
59:and
3941:Jit
3202:Tav
3187:Kuf
3177:Pei
3162:Nun
3157:Mem
3147:Kaf
3142:Yud
3137:Tet
3132:Ḥet
3122:Vav
3117:Hei
3102:Bet
2515:at
2340:-a
2326:-u
2272:e-
2205:.)
2109:mā̊
2067:ࠀࠋࠄ
2053:ࠆࠀࠕ
1996:ࠄࠍࠄ
1987:ࠄࠉࠀ
1964:ࠄࠅࠀ
1947:ࠀࠕࠍ
1917:ࠀࠕࠌ
1908:ࠀࠕࠄ
1819:by
1755:/u/
1751:/o/
1747:/o/
1735:/o/
1731:/u/
1719:/e/
1715:/i/
1709:גר
1695:/e/
1691:/i/
1622:Mid
1568:/q/
1564:/q/
1560:/ʕ/
1548:/ʔ/
1540:/s/
1536:/ʃ/
1528:/w/
1524:/b/
1518:).
1508:/f/
1502:).
1500:/b/
1498:or
1095:/e/
1003:,
998:,
995:,
978:,
973:,
647:Quf
602:Nun
593:Mim
566:Yut
557:Ṭit
539:Zen
530:Baa
494:Bit
331:).
296:).
224:IPA
184:smp
22:sam
4115::
3539:/
3535:/
3326:/
3322:/
2893:/
2815:.
2799:.
2751:.
2709:^
2694:^
2679:^
2652:^
2604:.
2548:,
2343:?
2323:-
2166:he
2105:ࠌࠄ
2098:mī
2094:ࠌࠉ
2042:he
2036:zē
2032:ࠆࠄ
1973:ࠄࠌ
1943:)
1765:.
1729:.
1673:)
1660:ɒː
1652:aː
1638:)
1630:eː
1615:uː
1607:iː
1562:.
1530:.
1367:sˤ
1269:tˤ
1076:,
1070:,
629:Fi
620:In
548:It
521:Iy
429:.
3637:e
3630:t
3623:v
2977:)
2971:(
2923:)
2919:(
2849:e
2842:t
2835:v
2782:.
2761:.
2634:.
2170:h
2111:.
2100:.
1991:ī
1968:ū
1846:)
1840:(
1835:)
1831:(
1827:.
1813:.
1671:ə
1669:(
1657:ɒ
1649:a
1636:o
1634:(
1627:e
1612:u
1604:i
1470:r
1448:w
1441:j
1432:l
1414:ʕ
1399:z
1373:ʃ
1361:s
1354:f
1327:ɡ
1316:d
1309:b
1293:ʔ
1284:q
1277:k
1263:t
1228:n
1221:m
1168:~
1109:(
1025:ࠌ
953:ת
947:ש
941:ר
935:ק
929:צ
923:פ
917:ע
911:ס
905:נ
899:מ
893:ל
887:כ
881:י
875:ט
869:ח
863:ז
857:ו
851:ה
845:ד
839:ג
833:ב
827:א
812:ࠕ
806:ࠔ
800:ࠓ
794:ࠒ
788:ࠑ
782:ࠐ
776:ࠏ
770:ࠎ
764:ࠍ
758:ࠌ
752:ࠋ
746:ࠊ
740:ࠉ
734:ࠈ
728:ࠇ
722:ࠆ
716:ࠅ
710:ࠄ
704:ࠃ
698:ࠂ
692:ࠁ
686:ࠀ
253:(
244:.
29:.
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