75:
60:
383:
45:
2320:
2179:
303:
1025:. David Ulu subsequently persuaded Hulegu to revoke that award on the basis that it would make Sargis too powerful. As a result of a dispute with the royal court, the province of Samtskhe seceded and submitted directly to the Ilkhan rule in 1266. Thus, Georgia further disintegrated to form three separate political entities. Samtskhe managed to remain a culturally developed part of Georgia as well as maintaining territorial integrity, sometimes even expanding along its borders.
1409:
2741:
1166:
and apparently wished to freeze the currently prevailing situation in
Georgia. Thus, he made peace with George on condition that the king of Georgia supplied him with troops and granted the Muslims special privileges. Timur nonetheless undertook some preventive measures and attacked the Georgian
980:
attacked the southern
Georgian province of Samtskhe, defeated the king and his spasalar (general) Sargis Jaqeli, but could not capture the rebelsâ main strongholds and left the country in June 1261. Nevertheless, the forces were unequal and David Ulu had to take refuge at his cousin,
1424:
influence on
Samtskhe was growing day by day. Because of that Ottomans greatly damaged the country and especially its southwestern region. Meskhetian lords had recognized that under Qvarqvare's rule Samtskhe would finally turn to the Enemy's hands. They made an alliance with the
891:. In this initial phase of conquest, most of the Georgian and Armenian nobles, who held military posts along the frontier regions submitted without any serious opposition or confined their resistance to their castles while others preferred to flee to safer areas. Queen
74:
1179:
in 1402, decided to punish the king of
Georgia for not having come to present his congratulations on his victory. Ivane Jaqeli, however, arrived with gifts, which offered Timur a good cause for keeping on reasonable terms with the rulers of Samtskhe.
1280:, after which United Georgian monarchy fell. Qvarqvare's independent reign was marked by warfare with the powerful Muslim states that surrounded the principality. The Aq Qoyunlu launched major attacks in 1466, 1476â1477 and 1485 and from 1479 the
2210:
1188:
After the devastating invasions by Timur and subsequent enfeeblement of the
Kingdom of Georgia, it soon faced a new threat. Timurid hegemony was not to last, for on Timur's death in 1405, the
3463:
1967:
1162:
In late 1401, Timur invaded
Georgia once again. George VII had to sue for peace, and sent his brother with the contributions. Timur was preparing for a major confrontation with the
3458:
3398:
1136:
during his father's absence at Timur's court. The old king, however, entered in secret negotiations with George who ambushed Bagrat's
Islamic escort, and freed his father.
2351:
3433:
3428:
3423:
2203:
1245:
2974:
911:
Avag
Mkhargrdzeli and Egarslan Bakurtsikheli, who made peace with the Mongols and agreed to pay them tribute. The only Georgian great noble to have resisted was
3453:
2861:
2856:
2848:
1147:
was defeated, Timur returned to attack
Georgia again. In 1394, he dispatched four generals to the province of Samtskhe, with orders to apply the Islamic law of
723:
2597:
1021:. Sargis Jaqeli distinguished himself in battle against the Horde, even saving Hulagu's life, for which Hulagu offered him rich rewards, including the city of
2821:
3358:
2364:
3443:
3438:
3266:
2877:
2196:
1960:
2786:
3473:
2781:
2709:
919:. His extensive possessions were fearfully devastated, and Ivane had to finally, with the consent of Queen Rusudan, submit to the invaders in 1238.
786:
3418:
3203:
3045:
2837:
739:
1192:
re-established their empire. They took advantage of the temporary weakness of
Georgians and launched attacks against them, apparently in which,
59:
3408:
3233:
3020:
2831:
2719:
2344:
1401:
for help. Sultan gave him the huge army. He had tried to restore himself as Atabeg, but was defeated by Qvarqvare's forces at the battle near
94:
3468:
3209:
3061:
2725:
1953:
1383:
366:
1132:
at sword point. Bagrat was given some 12,000 troops to reestablish himself in Georgia whose government was run by Bagrat's son and co-ruler
3413:
3188:
2959:
2811:
2699:
771:
1397:
troops attacked Samtskhe. Manuchar was overthrown and Qvarqvare became the new ruler of Meskheti. After this Manuchar asked his suzerain
3403:
2826:
2816:
1043:
1366:
came fully under Meskhetian rule. In 1515 old Mzetchabuk abdicated and became a monk, received a monastic name Jacob. After Mzetchabuk
603:
2801:
2766:
2643:
2159:
735:
3298:
3220:
3093:
2947:
2927:
2612:
2493:
2337:
1863:
1842:
958:. By the mid-13th century, the Jaqelis realm thus incorporated most of the mountainous areas of north eastern Anatolia south of the
711:
567:
44:
3448:
3010:
2952:
851:
2663:
3255:
3168:
2969:
2942:
2888:
2550:
2540:
1099:
1028:
Despite being independent, Samtskhe still maintained some kind of relations with Georgia and Beka himself was given a title of
328:
3228:
3055:
2932:
2776:
2749:
2628:
2154:
727:
627:
1477:. Georgians had annexed Principality of Samtskhe. Qvarqvare died in prison, while Rostom was awarded his share of Samtskhe:
2178:
3193:
2915:
2008:
1208:
who sought to strengthen and restore his declining Kingdom, faced constant invasions by the tribal Turkomans. They sacked
619:
139:
3393:
3351:
3076:
3050:
2998:
2937:
2653:
2638:
2372:
1980:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1811:
947:
796:
731:
615:
467:
374:
2513:
2392:
583:
399:
3035:
3025:
2761:
2704:
2535:
1104:
888:
781:
599:
523:
3367:
3260:
3198:
3173:
2694:
2447:
766:
607:
491:
463:
436:
382:
938:, lord of Samtskhe, to assist them against the Turkmens. Qvarqvare subsequently sent his grandson Sargis to seize
3303:
2984:
2964:
2602:
2575:
2144:
2096:
1458:
1309:
904:
704:
691:
675:
579:
479:
2518:
591:
471:
3372:
3015:
2714:
2560:
2503:
2437:
2101:
2063:
1352:
1197:
922:
Taking advantage of Georgia's weakness, Turkmen incursions started to south-western Georgia. The population of
791:
679:
459:
2397:
403:
1038:) by Georgian king. At the time of Beka's rule, the Turks became more active the Southwest borders, from the
3318:
3040:
2565:
2488:
2111:
2047:
1412:
Samtskhe-Saatabago was abolished in years 1535-1545 and carved up between the Kingdoms of Kartli and Imereti
1156:
1121:
1067:
1059:
923:
671:
551:
535:
2319:
847:
79:
boundaries of the Samtskhe-Saatabago in the 2nd half of the 13th and the 1st quarter of the 14th centuries.
2463:
2031:
1832:
1305:
1269:
1221:
1205:
587:
519:
2570:
2239:
2106:
1430:
1193:
1133:
1082:
reasserted royal authority over the virtually independent principality of Samtskhe, ruled by his cousin
846:
for nearly three and a half centuries, between 1268 and 1625. Its territory consisted of the modern-day
667:
2244:
2234:
2249:
2979:
2473:
2309:
2289:
1733:
1470:
1466:
1417:
1390:
1371:
1151:(i.e. the systematic raiding of non-Muslim lands). Timur launched a further attack on possessions of
973:
880:
640:
527:
2294:
1063:
3153:
3130:
2791:
2633:
2607:
2530:
2483:
2387:
2036:
1785:
1759:
1746:
1681:
1506:
1490:
1434:
1344:
1332:
1249:
1159:
that reached as far as Panaskert, where a great battle between Timur and the Georgians took place.
1128:
had fortified. The city fell on November 21, 1386, and King Bagrat V was captured and converted to
1125:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1055:
1047:
982:
595:
555:
455:
392:
190:
51:
2284:
3178:
2673:
2658:
2587:
2555:
2545:
2508:
2478:
2468:
2304:
2223:
2128:
2123:
2091:
2086:
2068:
1772:
1694:
1668:
1579:
1375:
1336:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1277:
1260:
for the independence of Samstkhe. In 1462 Qvarqvare II Jaqeli called against the king of Georgia
1257:
1201:
1083:
1030:
943:
935:
892:
843:
776:
743:
715:
663:
659:
571:
543:
531:
308:
243:
993:, effectively splitting the country into two parts with both rulers titled as kings of Georgia.
1408:
3248:
3243:
3139:
3108:
2740:
2582:
2523:
2498:
2427:
2360:
2274:
2259:
2254:
2164:
2118:
2058:
1859:
1838:
1826:
1720:
1707:
1659:
1628:
1502:
1379:
1340:
1293:
817:
655:
563:
547:
451:
350:
3308:
3113:
3088:
2796:
2689:
2407:
2402:
2299:
2279:
1566:
1501:
forces from Samtskhe. The Ottomans retaliated with a major invasion: Bagrat and Rostom were
1486:
1339:
died two years after he ascended the throne, and was succeeded by his equally pious brother
1172:
1039:
955:
761:
504:
487:
415:
411:
207:
1013:
in 1263. In 1265, the Georgian forces serving as a vanguard of the Ilkhanid army, defeated
3330:
2806:
2668:
2648:
2592:
2442:
2264:
2149:
2041:
1650:
1641:
1540:
1482:
1450:
1442:
1421:
1394:
1348:
1313:
1253:
1163:
1152:
1148:
969:
868:
719:
683:
623:
611:
483:
256:
175:
156:
129:
1090:, not only appropriate for their role in raising him but also a title of great prestige.
3125:
2269:
1637:
1619:
1592:
1514:
1510:
1454:
1446:
1356:
1281:
912:
687:
647:
575:
559:
321:
1389:
and claimed himself as an admirer of Ottomans. In 1518 the new revolt started. Prince
3387:
3288:
3183:
3160:
3118:
3030:
2901:
1945:
1610:
1601:
1553:
1273:
1051:
230:
2188:
3313:
3146:
3098:
1189:
1171:, demolishing the citadel and looting the surrounding area. Once the Ottomans were
1144:
1010:
872:
831:
447:
149:
1228:. With the decline of the Kara Koyunlu after Jahan Shah's defeat at the hands of
3283:
1474:
1209:
1139:
In the spring of 1387, Timur returned in Georgia to take revenge, however, Khan
1117:
835:
511:
88:
1856:
The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna
3325:
2219:
1321:
1265:
1261:
1233:
1229:
1217:
1213:
1140:
977:
1513:. Qvarqvare III's descendants ruled Samtskhe-Saatabago (until 1628) and then
1382:
rebelled against him. During his brief reign Manuchar sent many gifts to the
1224:
at Akhaltsikhe, but the fighting was inconclusive and Jahan Shah returned to
1143:âs reappearance in Iran forced Timur to temporarily withdraw. As soon as the
976:"Ulu" rebelled against their Mongol overlords, a huge army of Mongols led by
109:
96:
3238:
2771:
1976:
1426:
1046:. Beka was a supporter of maintaining Georgian political influence over the
1002:
959:
515:
1284:
started to encroach on the territories. In 1479 he ravaged the land around
3293:
2896:
2051:
1462:
1317:
1035:
1005:
request, David Ulu's army was dispatched to defend the fortifications of
927:
916:
879:, by which the Jaqelis would later be known, was as yet reserved for the
539:
1355:. Atabeg Mzetchabuk Strived to strengthen Samtskhe. He nominally obeyed
2866:
2422:
2417:
2003:
1998:
1494:
1402:
1398:
1386:
1359:
1351:, Mzetchabuk demanded the separation of the Meskhetian church from the
1285:
1176:
1022:
1018:
990:
986:
966:. The Jaqelis' lands became a stronghold of opposition to Mongol rule.
963:
931:
900:
896:
443:
419:
407:
346:
3103:
2871:
2432:
2412:
2013:
1498:
1478:
1367:
1363:
1225:
1168:
1112:. Samtskhe was in the frontline of these attacks. Timur set out from
1087:
951:
908:
876:
839:
475:
423:
354:
2329:
1155:
in 1399. The attack on Samtskhe was followed by an expedition into
1407:
1129:
1109:
1014:
1880:. Tbilisi: Mecânierebata Akademiis Gamomcâemloba. pp. 81â82.
989:. In 1262, he had to make peace with the Mongols and returned to
1325:
1113:
939:
2333:
2192:
1949:
1942:
Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 9, pp. 48â49, Tb., 1985
1220:
in 1444, whose forces met those of Alexander's successor, King
887:. The rise of the Jaqeli line was intimately bound up with the
884:
1074:
to the throne. After the execution of Demetrius, future king
1066:. Another daughter of Beka, - Natela, became the consort of
1288:, reducing the city to tributary status. Unlike his father
1017:, Khan of the Golden Horde, and expelled his troops from
1445:
rule and protect Samtskhe from dominant Muslim empires (
1276:
and separated from Georgia. He also participated in the
1102:
against Georgia. The official history of Timur's reign,
1489:. A few years later, Qvarqvare's survived youngest son
1829:, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1993),
1078:
was raised by his grandfather at his court. In 1334
875:, and certainly not the most significant. The title
3276:
3219:
3075:
2997:
2914:
2887:
2847:
2748:
2682:
2621:
2456:
2380:
2371:
2137:
2077:
2022:
1991:
342:
266:
253:
240:
227:
217:
203:
184:
169:
155:
145:
135:
125:
84:
21:
946:states that the Georgians took advantage of the
1453:). In 1535 King Bagrat III with help of prince
1505:in 1543, but decisively defeated, in 1545, at
1050:. For this cause, he married off his daughter
821:
3464:States and territories disestablished in 1628
2345:
2204:
1961:
1292:held peace with the other Georgian kingdoms (
1042:. After a series of invasions, he managed to
724:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
8:
1878:Sak'art'velos Istoriis Masalebi (XV-XVI ss.)
1236:became the major power in eastern Anatolia.
1086:. George granted the Jaqelis their title of
1822:
1820:
3459:States and territories established in 1268
3399:Former principalities of Georgia (country)
3081:
3003:
2920:
2754:
2377:
2352:
2338:
2330:
2211:
2197:
2189:
1988:
1968:
1954:
1946:
1524:
867:By the early 13th century, members of the
830:(áĄáááŞáŽáᥠáĄáááááá á), was a Georgian feudal
361:
73:
18:
1204:, in which he was defeated and executed.
1814:, Volume 2, page 345-346, Tbilisi, 1977
1804:
1098:Between 1386 and 1403 Timur launched a
373:
3434:15th century in the Kingdom of Georgia
3429:14th century in the Kingdom of Georgia
3424:13th century in the Kingdom of Georgia
883:, the Armenian family that controlled
962:coast up to the edge of the plain of
612:Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia
265:
252:
239:
226:
216:
212:
183:
168:
164:
154:
7:
3454:Safavid appointed rulers of Samtskhe
1929:, volume 10, page 658, Tbilisi, 1986
1917:, volume 10, page 638, Tbilisi, 1986
1268:. In 1465 he defeated Georgian King
850:region and the historical region of
1905:, volume 6, page 658, Tbilisi, 1983
1378:, but Mzetchabuk's younger brother
1370:title would be given to his nephew
2644:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
1893:, Volume 2, page 48, Tbilisi, 1977
736:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
14:
3444:17th century in Georgia (country)
3439:16th century in Georgia (country)
2494:Unification of the Georgian realm
712:Georgia within the Russian Empire
568:Unification of the Georgian realm
2739:
2613:Absorption by the Russian Empire
2318:
2177:
1509:. Samtskhe became vassal of the
1108:, represents this campaign as a
942:. Although an Arabic chronicler
381:
326:
301:
58:
43:
3474:1620s disestablishments in Asia
1246:split of the Kingdom of Georgia
1212:several times, the first under
950:(1243) to seize the castles of
3419:Former monarchies of West Asia
2629:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2155:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1658:(from 1391 to 1395 ruled with
997:Establishment of the Princedom
728:Democratic Republic of Georgia
628:Collapse of the Georgian realm
604:Kingdom of Georgia (1256â1329)
1:
3409:Former countries in West Asia
1438:
871:were one among many powerful
620:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
140:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
3469:1260s establishments in Asia
2889:Russian-occupied territories
2720:Timeline of Georgian history
1927:Georgian Soviet encyclopedia
1915:Georgian Soviet encyclopedia
1903:Georgian Soviet encyclopedia
1891:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
1812:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
1493:requested Ottomans to expel
732:Red Army invasion of Georgia
616:Timurid invasions of Georgia
3414:Former monarchies of Europe
1521:Princes/Atabegs of Samtskhe
1485:, long sought after by the
1465:. He defeated and captured
948:Mongol invasion of Anatolia
600:Mongol invasions of Georgia
524:Umayyad invasion of Georgia
3490:
3404:Former countries in Europe
2448:Christianization of Iberia
1216:in 1414, the second under
889:Mongol invasion of Georgia
608:Kingdom of Western Georgia
492:Christianization of Iberia
464:Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia
3345:
3084:
3006:
2923:
2757:
2737:
2603:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2576:Principality of Mingrelia
2316:
2230:
2175:
2145:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2097:Principality of Mingrelia
1987:
1200:engaged Turkomans at the
822:
692:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
676:Principality of Mingrelia
580:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
480:Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
280:
276:
213:
199:
165:
72:
39:
34:
2857:Administrative divisions
2598:Shah Abbas I's invasions
2561:Principality of Abkhazia
2504:First Kingdom of Kakheti
2129:Principality of Samtskhe
2102:Principality of Abkhazia
2064:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1876:Sharashidze, K. (1961).
1353:Georgian Orthodox church
1196:was killed. In response
1124:which the Georgian king
828:Principality of Samtskhe
680:Principality of Abkhazia
460:Georgia in the Roman era
3449:History of Safavid Iran
2566:Principality of Svaneti
2489:Kingdom of the Iberians
2393:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2112:Principality of Svaneti
1854:Sicker, Martin (2000),
1312:agreed to assist first
1304:). Kaikhosro with King
1122:marched against Tbilisi
1070:and bore him a son and
1068:Demetrius II of Georgia
672:Principality of Svaneti
584:ByzantineâGeorgian wars
552:Kingdom of the Iberians
400:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2464:Principality of Iberia
2032:Principality of Iberia
1833:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1413:
1306:Alexander I of Kakheti
1258:Royal house of Georgia
1248:was speeded up by the
1240:Secession from Georgia
588:Great Turkish Invasion
520:Principality of Iberia
268:⢠Disestablished
2608:1795 Persian Invasion
2571:Principality of Guria
2107:Principality of Guria
1503:victorious at Karagak
1441:1510â1565) to end up
1431:Bagrat III of Imereti
1411:
1310:Constantine of Kartli
668:Principality of Guria
242:⢠Reunited with
126:Common languages
110:41.63889°N 42.98611°E
3204:World Heritage Sites
2787:Environmental issues
1831:E. J. Brill's First
1471:Battle of Murjakheti
1264:, the leader of the
1044:fend off the attacks
974:David VII of Georgia
641:Early modern history
592:GeorgianâSeljuk wars
528:Arab rule in Georgia
472:IberianâArmenian War
3394:Atabegs of Samtskhe
2654:Independent Georgia
2484:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2398:KuraâAraxes culture
2388:Prehistoric Georgia
2037:Kingdom of Abkhazia
1858:, p. 155. Praeger,
1435:Luarsab I of Kartli
1272:at the battle near
1250:Qvarqvare II Jaqeli
1100:series of campaigns
1080:George V of Georgia
1048:Empire of Trebizond
826:), also called the
596:Georgian Golden Age
556:Kingdom of Abkhazia
456:Pharnavazid dynasty
404:KuraâAraxes culture
393:Prehistoric Georgia
219:⢠Established
106: /
3046:Telecommunications
2674:Russo-Georgian War
2588:Kingdom of Kakheti
2556:Kingdom of Imereti
2551:Turkmen incursions
2546:Samtskhe atabegate
2509:Kingdom of Georgia
2479:Emirate of Tbilisi
2469:Bagrationi dynasty
2224:Kingdom of Georgia
2124:Kingdom of Kakheti
2092:Kingdom of Imereti
2087:Kingdom of Georgia
2069:Emirate of Tbilisi
2046:Principalities of
1979:states throughout
1827:Minorsky, Vladimir
1604:during 1372â1389)
1414:
1362:and with his help
1278:Georgian civil war
1256:he fought against
1202:Battle of Chalagan
1084:Qvarqvare I Jaqeli
1062:, who granted him
944:Baybars al-Mansuri
848:Samtskhe-Javakheti
814:Samtskhe Atabegate
810:Samtskhe-Saatabago
744:Russo-Georgian War
740:Georgia since 1991
716:1832 Georgian plot
664:Kingdom of Imereti
660:Kingdom of Kakheti
652:Samtskhe-Saatabago
572:Kingdom of Georgia
544:Bagrationi dynasty
532:Emirate of Tbilisi
468:Campaign of Pompey
375:History of Georgia
309:Kingdom of Georgia
244:Kingdom of Georgia
157:Prince of Meskheti
115:41.63889; 42.98611
50:Flag according to
3381:
3380:
3341:
3340:
3234:Ethnic minorities
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3071:
3070:
2993:
2992:
2975:Political parties
2938:Foreign relations
2910:
2909:
2735:
2734:
2639:Red Army invasion
2583:Kingdom of Kartli
2541:Timur's invasions
2524:Battle of Didgori
2499:Kingdom of Hereti
2428:Kingdom of Iberia
2327:
2326:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2150:Republic of Guria
2119:Kingdom of Kartli
2059:Kingdom of Hereti
1837:, p. 757. Brill,
1796:
1795:
1393:with the help of
1184:Turkmen invasions
1175:, Timur, back to
1120:. From there, he
1094:Timurid invasions
1031:Mandaturukhutsesi
954:, Washlawan, and
863:Duchy of Samtskhe
806:
805:
656:Kingdom of Kartli
564:Duchy of Kldekari
548:Kingdom of Hereti
540:Duchy of Klarjeti
452:Kingdom of Iberia
408:Legend of Kartlos
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2536:Mongol invasions
2408:Colchian culture
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907:in the hands of
895:had to evacuate
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823:áĄáááŞáŽá-áĄáááááááá
782:Military history
756:History by topic
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416:Colchian culture
412:Trialeti culture
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1461:allies invaded
1242:
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1164:Ottoman dynasty
1153:Ivane II Jaqeli
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970:Sargis I Jaqeli
905:eastern Georgia
869:house of Jaqeli
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1937:External links
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1511:Ottoman Empire
1455:Rostom Gurieli
1384:Ottoman sultan
1357:Ottoman sultan
1333:Qvarqvare II's
1282:Ottoman Empire
1244:The political
1241:
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983:David VI Narin
913:Ivane I Jaqeli
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1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
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1547:
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1538:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1517:until 1820s.
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:Qvarqvare III
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1418:Qvarqvare III
1410:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:, the son of
1373:
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1358:
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1315:
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1307:
1303:
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1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Paravani lake
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1232:in 1467, the
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Constantine I
1195:
1191:
1183:
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1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:and assailed
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:the successor
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
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1012:
1008:
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996:
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988:
984:
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961:
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949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Mkhargrdzelis
878:
874:
873:marcher lords
870:
862:
857:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
819:
815:
811:
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389:
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343:Today part of
341:
325:
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292:
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287:
284:
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245:
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231:Mongol Empire
222:
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90:
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76:
71:
61:
53:
46:
38:
33:
26:
20:
3314:Saint George
3299:Coat of arms
3265:
3221:Demographics
3208:
3094:Architecture
3060:
3016:Central bank
2948:Human rights
2928:Constitution
2876:
2849:Subdivisions
2836:
2724:
2634:Armenian War
2160:Georgian SSR
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1855:
1850:
1830:
1807:
1786:Manuchar III
1760:Qvarqvare IV
1747:Kaikhosro II
1682:Qvarqvare II
1636:(ruled with
1600:(ruled with
1491:Kaikhosro II
1415:
1399:Sultan Selim
1330:
1243:
1190:Kara Koyunlu
1187:
1167:garrison of
1161:
1145:Golden Horde
1138:
1103:
1097:
1056:Trapezuntine
1029:
1027:
1011:Golden Horde
1009:against the
1006:
1000:
985:âs court at
978:Arghun Noyan
968:
921:
915:, prince of
866:
852:Tao-Klarjeti
832:principality
827:
813:
809:
807:
651:
536:Duchy of Tao
448:Aryan Kartli
291:Succeeded by
290:
285:
191:Manuchar III
150:Principality
65:Coat of arms
24:
16:Principality
3256:Health care
3011:Agriculture
2782:Earthquakes
2519:Seljuk wars
2080:Middle Ages
2025:Middle Ages
1835:, 1913â1936
1773:Manuchar II
1708:Mzetchabuki
1695:Kaikhosro I
1669:Aghbugha II
1580:Qvarqvare I
1475:Akhalkalaki
1376:Kaikhosro I
1349:grandfather
1343:, like his
1337:Kaikhosro I
1320:to destroy
1290:Kaikhosro I
1270:George VIII
1252:, like his
1222:Vakhtang IV
1210:Akhaltsikhe
1206:Alexander I
1118:Akhaltsikhe
842:(tutor) of
836:Zemo Kartli
512:Iberian War
505:Middle Ages
286:Preceded by
113: /
89:Akhaltsikhe
3388:Categories
3326:Saint Nino
3154:Mingrelian
3135:Languages
2970:Parliament
2943:Government
2531:Golden Age
1799:References
1790:1607â1625
1777:1581â1607
1764:1573â1581
1751:1545â1573
1738:1518â1535
1725:1515â1518
1721:Manuchar I
1712:1500â1515
1699:1498â1500
1686:1451â1498
1673:1444â1451
1660:Aghbugha I
1655:1391â1444
1633:1389â1395
1629:Aghbugha I
1615:1372â1389
1597:1361-1391
1584:1334â1361
1571:1306â1334
1558:1285â1306
1545:1268â1285
1341:Mzetchabuk
1322:Aq Koyunlu
1266:Aq Qoyunlu
1262:Uzun Hasan
1234:Aq Qoyunlu
1230:Uzun Hasan
1218:Jahan Shah
1214:Qara Yusuf
1194:George VII
1141:Tokhtamysh
1134:George VII
1060:Alexios II
934:called on
903:, leaving
797:Chronology
146:Government
101:42°59â˛10âłE
98:41°38â˛20âłN
3239:Georgians
3229:Education
3179:Mythology
3056:Transport
3021:Companies
2980:President
2933:Elections
2832:Volcanoes
2772:Black Sea
2750:Geography
2659:Civil War
2474:Arab rule
2438:Roman era
2305:Javakheti
2240:Tukharisi
1992:Antiquity
1567:Sargis II
1507:Sokhoista
1495:Imeretian
1420:'s reign
1391:Qvarqvare
1372:Qvarqvare
1105:Zafarnama
960:Black Sea
936:Qvarqvare
762:Etymology
516:Lazic War
249:1334â1535
236:1266â1334
136:Religion
52:Vakhushti
35:1266â1625
25:saatabago
23:Samtskhe
3368:Category
3294:Borjgali
3249:Diaspora
3194:Religion
3140:Georgian
3131:Gambling
3089:Alphabet
2965:Military
2916:Politics
2897:Abkhazia
2792:Glaciers
2695:Monarchs
2683:By topic
2365:articles
2275:Samtskhe
2260:Kldekari
2255:Klarjeti
2245:Kalmakhi
2235:Artgveti
2052:Klarjeti
1977:Georgian
1651:Ivane II
1642:Ivane II
1541:Sargis I
1499:Kartlian
1463:Samtskhe
1459:Odishian
1451:Safavids
1447:Ottomans
1443:Jaqelian
1427:Georgian
1380:Manuchar
1368:Atabeg's
1324:rule in
1173:defeated
1126:Bagrat V
1076:George V
1058:Emperor
1036:Mandator
952:Babrawan
928:Klarjeti
917:Samtskhe
818:Georgian
767:Monarchs
367:a series
365:Part of
176:Sargis I
130:Georgian
3352:Outline
3277:Symbols
3114:Cuisine
3077:Culture
3051:Tourism
2999:Economy
2872:Regions
2867:Tbilisi
2812:Mammals
2777:Climate
2762:Borders
2715:Battles
2423:Colchis
2418:Diauehi
2373:History
2361:Georgia
2300:Tskhumi
2280:Svaneti
2250:Kakheti
2222:of the
2220:Duchies
2165:Georgia
2004:Colchis
1999:Diauehi
1981:history
1638:Beka II
1620:Beka II
1593:Beka II
1469:at the
1429:kings,
1422:Persian
1416:During
1403:Erzurum
1395:Safavid
1387:Selim I
1360:Selim I
1314:Safavid
1302:Imereti
1298:Kakheti
1286:Erzurum
1177:Erzurum
1169:Tortumi
1054:to the
1023:Erzurum
1019:Shirvan
1001:By the
991:Tbilisi
987:Kutaisi
964:Erzurum
956:Bayburt
901:Kutaisi
897:Tbilisi
893:Rusudan
858:History
844:Georgia
792:Battles
777:Tbilisi
444:Colchis
420:Diauehi
351:Georgia
347:Armenia
255:â˘
179:(first)
85:Capital
3373:Portal
3284:Anthem
3199:Sports
3109:Cinema
3104:Chokha
3036:Mining
3026:Energy
2827:Rivers
2700:States
2622:Modern
2457:Middle
2433:Lazica
2413:Mushki
2363:
2310:Hereti
2290:Kartli
2265:Odishi
2050:&
2014:Lazica
2009:Iberia
1862:
1841:
1611:Shalva
1602:Shalva
1554:Beka I
1534:Notes
1531:Reign
1483:Lazeti
1479:Adjara
1364:Adjara
1345:father
1326:Persia
1318:Ismail
1294:Kartli
1254:father
1226:Tabriz
1088:atabeg
1052:Jiajak
1003:Ilkhan
940:Oltisi
909:atabeg
877:atabeg
840:atabeg
820::
772:States
476:Lazica
424:Mushki
369:on the
355:Turkey
194:(last)
161:
3359:Index
3331:cross
3319:cross
3309:Motto
3261:Women
3184:Names
3174:Music
3169:Media
3126:Dance
2802:Lakes
2767:Birds
2381:Early
2295:Queli
2270:Racha
2023:Early
1473:near
1331:When
1316:shah
1149:ghaza
1130:Islam
1110:jihad
1064:Lazia
1015:Berke
3304:Flag
3267:more
3244:List
3210:more
3161:Svan
3119:Wine
3062:more
2953:LGBT
2878:more
2838:more
2726:more
2710:Wars
1860:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1784:18.
1771:17.
1758:16.
1745:15.
1732:14.
1719:13.
1706:12.
1693:11.
1680:10.
1640:and
1497:and
1481:and
1457:and
1449:and
1433:and
1347:and
1335:son
1308:and
1300:and
1114:Kars
1007:Siba
972:and
932:Kola
930:and
899:for
808:The
787:Wars
272:1625
262:1555
223:1266
3147:Laz
3099:Art
2285:Tao
2048:Tao
1667:9.
1649:8.
1627:7.
1609:6.
1591:5.
1578:4.
1565:3.
1552:2.
1539:1.
1157:Tao
924:Tao
885:Ani
834:in
812:or
3390::
1819:^
1662:)
1644:)
1622:)
1439:c.
1405:.
1328:.
1296:,
926:,
854:.
2353:e
2346:t
2339:v
2212:e
2205:t
2198:v
1969:e
1962:t
1955:v
1866:.
1845:.
1437:(
1034:(
816:(
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