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from 1960 to 1963, and chairman of its
Committee on Nuclear Science from 1962 to 1965. He was active in the "scientist's movement" for the control of atomic weapons. The scientists successfully lobbied for nuclear weapons to be under civilian rather than military control, which was eventually written
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from
Harvard spearheaded an effort to prove that Compton's interpretation of the Compton effect was wrong, and Allison became part of this effort. Duane carried out a series of meticulous experiments to disprove Compton, but instead found overwhelming evidence that Compton was correct. To his credit,
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538:, which was planned to accelerate particles to billions of electron volts. Allison still believed that there were useful results still to be found with low energies. He became a pioneer of what became known as "heavy ion physics", accelerating
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456:, told them that time was more important than money, and if two approaches looked promising, they should build both. In the end, this was what was done. Allison was one of 49 scientists who watched the project take a leap forward when
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By
October 1942, the Metallurgical Laboratory had to consider how it would proceed with designing large production reactors when they had yet to get an experimental reactor to work. Fermi favored taking small steps, while Allison and
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We are determined to return to free research as before the war. If secrecy is imposed on scientific research in physics, we will find all first-rate scientists working on subjects as innocuous as the colors of butterfly wings.
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would be ready for testing in July. Allison formed part of the "Cowpuncher
Committee" that "rode herd" on the implosion project, ensuring that it stayed on track and on schedule. Fittingly, he was the one who read the
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went critical at Stagg Field on
December 2, 1942. As Compton's reactor project began to spread outside Chicago in 1943, Allison became director of the Metallurgical Laboratory in June 1943.
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In 1930 Allison returned to the
University of Chicago, where he became a professor in 1942, and the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor of Physics in 1959. He studied the
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on his "Experiments on the
Efficiencies of Production and the Half-Lives of Radio-Carbon and Radio-Nitrogen". He was so impressed by the Cavendish Laboratory's
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argued that larger steps were necessary if atomic bombs were to be developed in time to affect the course of the war. The
Director of the Manhattan Project,
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were an important means of investigating atomic structures, but the concept that light had both wave and particle properties, as demonstrated by
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and the
University of California together at the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago. Allison was placed in charge of the experimental work.
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517:. He was a strong opponent of secrecy in science, and, in an influential speech announcing the creation of the Enrico Fermi Institute said:
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Allison, Samuel K. (January 1936). "Experiments on the
Efficiencies of Production and the Half-Lives of Radio-Carbon and Radio-Nitrogen".
256:, on November 13, 1900, the son of Samuel Buell Allison, an elementary school principal. He was educated at John Fiske Grammar School and
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398:(NDRC) from October 1940 to January 1941. In January 1941 the NDRC let him a contract to study the possibility of using beryllium as a
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Allison rebuilt his accelerator, which he called the "kevatron", because it could accelerate particles to energies of 400
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on September 15, 1965, while attending the Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research Conference in
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as targets. The data on these reactions of light elements would subsequently prove useful in the study of
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from 1946 until 1957, and again from 1963 until 1965. He was the chairman of the Physics Section of the
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for his work on the Manhattan Project in a ceremony at the University of Chicago on January 12, 1946.
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and was involved in the "scientists' movement", lobbying for civilian control of nuclear weapons.
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missions. Allison continued to take on Ph.D. candidates, some of whom, such as
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Atomic Stability III, the Effects of Electrical Discharge and High Temperature
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One outcome of this was that Allison co-authored a textbook with Compton,
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University of California, Berkeley College of Natural Resources faculty
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subsequently used this to analyze the makeup of the Moon on the later
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By late 1944, the locus of the Manhattan Project had shifted to the
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from 1925 until 1926. From 1926 until 1930 he taught physics at
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1965 Audio Interview with Samuel K. Allison by Stephane Groueff
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Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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Allison, Samuel K. (1965). "Arthur Holly Compton 1892—1962".
1161:"Samuel King Allison November 13, 1900 – September 15, 1965"
837:. Array of Contemporary American Physicists. Archived from
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208:(November 13, 1900 – September 15, 1965) was an American
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1065:"Guide to the Samuel King Allison Papers 1920–1965"
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283:. He graduated in 1921, and then embarked on his
492:in July 1945. Groves presented Allison with the
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1321:Academics of the University of Cambridge
1096:. National Academy of Sciences: 81–110.
27:American physicist and nuclear scientist
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343:Duane conceded that this was the case.
1171:. National Academy of Sciences: 1–17.
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603:, England. His papers are kept at the
429:than the graphite-moderated design of
413:In September 1941, Allison joined the
287:in chemistry under the supervision of
302:from 1923 until 1925 and then at the
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396:National Defense Research Committee
370:in England, where he studied under
212:, most notable for his role in the
624:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
592:went on to distinguished careers.
308:University of California, Berkeley
142:University of California, Berkeley
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310:as an instructor, and then as an
298:Allison was a research fellow at
1301:20th-century American physicists
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561:Later, Allison acquired a 2 MeV
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1200:Voices of the Manhattan Project
622:X-rays in Theory and Experiment
348:X-rays in Theory and Experiment
216:, for which he was awarded the
374:. He published a paper in the
150:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:
1331:University of Chicago faculty
1218:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1159:Hildebrand, Roger H. (1999).
1120:; Anderson, Oscar E. (1962).
941:"The Chicago Pile 1 Pioneers"
679:"Obituary: Samuel K. Allison"
620:; Allison, Samuel K. (1935).
605:American Institute of Physics
488:over the loudspeakers at the
481:implosion-type nuclear weapon
264:in 1917, and participated in
242:Institute for Nuclear Studies
1341:University of Chicago alumni
536:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
380:Cockcroft–Walton accelerator
326:and the dynamical theory of
1306:American nuclear physicists
1016:Hewlett & Anderson 1962
1004:Hewlett & Anderson 1962
992:Hewlett & Anderson 1962
965:Hewlett & Anderson 1962
945:Argonne National Laboratory
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860:Hewlett & Anderson 1962
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236:for the detonation of the
220:. A professor who studied
790:10.1017/S0305004100018983
689:(12): 88. December 1965.
515:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
510:National Research Council
358:. In 1935, Allison won a
354:with a graduate student,
224:, he was director of the
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1346:Manhattan Project people
1123:The New World, 1939–1946
408:Metallurgical Laboratory
226:Metallurgical Laboratory
643:"The Manhattan Project"
563:Van de Graaff generator
556:stellar nucleosynthesis
368:University of Cambridge
95:(B.S. 1921, Ph.D. 1923)
83:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
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289:William Draper Harkins
180:William Draper Harkins
618:Compton, Arthur Holly
473:Los Alamos Laboratory
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454:Leslie R. Groves, Jr.
360:Guggenheim Fellowship
262:University of Chicago
258:Hyde Park High School
230:Los Alamos Laboratory
146:University of Chicago
93:University of Chicago
1316:Cavendish Laboratory
1165:Biographical Memoirs
1090:Biographical Memoirs
582:Anthony L. Turkevich
490:Trinity nuclear test
439:Princeton University
364:Cavendish Laboratory
304:Carnegie Institution
293:experimental physics
275:, while majoring in
252:Allison was born in
238:Trinity nuclear test
1214:Samuel King Allison
1118:Hewlett, Richard G.
994:, pp. 317–318.
930:, pp. 180–181.
841:on October 18, 2014
782:1936PCPS...32..179A
749:on October 17, 2014
743:"Samuel K. Allison"
695:1965PhT....18l..88.
534:being built at the
435:Columbia University
356:John Harry Williams
312:associate professor
206:Samuel King Allison
36:Samuel King Allison
1275:Nuclear technology
1251:History of science
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300:Harvard University
76:September 15, 1965
906:, pp. 55–56.
720:, pp. 84–86.
704:10.1063/1.3047071
571:isotopes of boron
451:Brigadier General
404:Manhattan Project
400:neutron moderator
386:Manhattan Project
362:to study at the
328:x-ray diffraction
260:. He entered the
254:Chicago, Illinois
214:Manhattan Project
203:
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194:Nicholas M. Smith
186:Doctoral students
122:Scientific career
104:Manhattan Project
61:November 13, 1900
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611:Bibliography
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590:James Cronin
560:
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433:'s group at
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392:World War II
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190:James Cronin
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138:Institutions
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78:(1965-09-15)
29:
1296:1965 deaths
1291:1900 births
1207:" from the
1182:October 11,
1070:October 11,
950:October 12,
845:October 12,
753:October 12,
427:criticality
423:Stagg Field
419:atomic bomb
415:S-1 Section
277:mathematics
1285:Categories
1082:References
567:Eucryptite
500:Later life
477:New Mexico
248:Early life
57:1900-11-13
1263:Biography
1177:0077-2933
1150:March 26,
1145:637004643
1102:0077-2933
798:1469-8064
552:beryllium
544:deuterons
513:into the
486:countdown
281:chemistry
234:countdown
210:physicist
806:96112054
648:26 March
532:bevatron
269:swimming
1239:Physics
1225:Portals
1216:at the
1110:1759017
778:Bibcode
691:Bibcode
548:lithium
540:protons
390:During
366:at the
266:varsity
132:Physics
65:Chicago
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332:x-rays
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110:Awards
1127:(PDF)
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73:Died
51:Born
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