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313:, Moore was approached by Jefferson Davis to join the Confederate cause, who cited "the army’s unfortunate military situation and the lack of trained medical men..." to persuade him On March 16 Moore was assigned to lead the new Confederate Army Medical Department as surgeon general. He replaced Charles H. Smith, who had been the acting surgeon general. Moore assumed his post on July 30; he would hold this position until the end of the war. By 1863 Moore's headquarters were the Confederate capital of
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333:. This organization is believed to be the oldest military medical society in the United States. He also added dentists to the hospitals, the first time in American history its soldiers and sailors had access to this service. By the end of the war in 1865, the Medical Department of the Confederacy had about three thousand men under Moore.
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barracks-hospital layout, which is still in use today. This single level pavilion-style hospital was ordered built throughout the South. He improved the field ambulance corps and supplemented the few available medicines with drugs made from the South's indigenous plants, which were produced in laboratories set up by Moore.
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To address the quality of surgeons, Moore organized an examination system to identify untrained doctors. If they failed, the doctor would serve as an attendant in a hospital for a time and retake the test. This system allowed semi-trained surgeons to be further educated, and unusable doctors to be
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While Moore's abilities and effectiveness have been disputed, Jefferson Davis approved of his performance. Military historian Bruce
Allardice describes his contemporary judgments as positive, citing praises such as "his great work as an organizer, his remarkable executive ability" and his "great
387:'s Act of February 27, 1861, stipulated that the post would be a staff officer only. Moore is also listed as an "unsubstantiated" brigadier general of the South Carolina militia, appointed in 1865. Subsequent legislation to make the surgeon general a brigadier was proposed but never became law.
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Facing shortages in medicines, supplies, and equipment due to the ongoing Union blockade of
Southern ports, as well as a shortage of few trained surgeons, Moore's job was difficult. He raised the recruiting standards and gave the most capable surgeons positions of authority. Moore designed the
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After the war ended in 1865, Moore resumed his life as a civilian doctor. He began a medical practice in
Richmond, where he would spend the rest of his life. From 1877 to 1883 Moore also served on the Richmond School Board. He died in Richmond in May 1889 and was buried in the city's
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When the
American Civil War began in 1861, Moore was still a U.S. Army surgeon. He resigned his commission on February 25, and returned to his medical practice in Little Rock, Arkansas. After the state of Arkansas seceded from the
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With skill and dedication, Dr. Moore transformed the medical corps into one of the most effective departments of the
Confederate military and was responsible for saving thousands of lives on the battlefield.
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Moore's rank in the
Confederate Army has also been disputed. When the Confederate Army's Medical Department was organized on February 26, 1861, the legislation stated the surgeon general would be a
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On March 14, 1835, Moore entered the U.S. Army and was appointed as an assistant surgeon. In this capacity he serviced in the
American frontier, including regions of
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329:, a manual to instruct the surgeons throughout the army; it included both exact descriptions and drawings of operations. During the war Moore also founded the
284:, who was greatly impressed with Moore's abilities. Following the war with Mexico, Moore served in several U.S. Army postings, including a short stint at the
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363:(U.S.) and Samuel P. Moore (C.S.) were relatively ineffective as administrators..." Another summary also praises Moore's results, stating:
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375:(as was common for the heads of Confederate staff bureaus). However, Military historian Bruce Allardice considers Moore to be a
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Farr, Warner D., "Samuel
Preston Moore: Confederate Surgeon General," Civil War History, Vol.41(1), pp. 41–56. March 1995.
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Allardice, p. 168. "He helped pioneer innovative medical practices,... including the employment of dentists in the army.'
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Moore also served as a surgeon during the
Mexican–American War, which lasted from 1846 to 1848. He befriended
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Purcell PN, Hummel RP (October 1992). "Samuel
Preston Moore: Surgeon-General of the Confederacy".
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Allardice, p. 168. "CV lists Moore as a brigadier general, appointed from South Carolina in 1865."
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Purcell PN, Hummel RP (October 1992). "Samuel Preston Moore: Surgeon-General of the Confederacy".
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with the intention of becoming a physician. He graduated in 1834 and relocated to
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brusqueness of manner and his sternness as a disciplinarian." Military historian
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Association of Army and Navy Surgeons of the Confederate States of America
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as a surgeon. On March 30, 1849, he was promoted to the rank of
202:(September 16, 1813 – May 31, 1889) was an American
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List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)
243:), and his wife, Eleanore Screvan Gilbert. His brother,
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
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The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
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dismissed from service. In 1864 Moore established the
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799:Military personnel from Charleston, South Carolina
794:People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
266:, Florida, as well as along the Texas border with
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503:"Reynolds Historical Library biography of Moore"
717:Reynolds Historical Library biography of Moore.
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327:Confederate States Medical and Surgical Journal
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218:Surgeon General throughout nearly all of the
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672:Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy
655:Eicher(2), John H., and Eicher, David J.,
629:, Louisiana State University Press, 1995,
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784:United States Army Medical Corps officers
206:, who served in the medical corps of the
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235:Samuel P. Moore was born in 1813 in
659:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
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779:Confederate States Army surgeons
774:Confederate States Army generals
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286:United States Military Academy
249:South Carolina Medical College
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700:10.1016/S0002-9610(05)80905-5
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108:Confederate States of America
688:American Journal of Surgery
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237:Charleston, South Carolina
179:Surgeon General of the CSA
51:Charleston, South Carolina
674:, Greenwood Press, 1977,
405:American Civil War portal
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97:United States of America
657:Civil War High Commands
170:Brigadier General (CSA)
141:Confederate States Army
746:Cunningham, Horace H.
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640:Eicher(1), David J.,
627:More Generals in Gray
625:Allardice, Bruce S.,
282:Confederate President
253:Little Rock, Arkansas
231:Early life and career
147:Years of service
750:, Baton Rouge, 1958.
385:Confederate Congress
212:Mexican–American War
200:Samuel Preston Moore
188:Mexican–American War
32:Samuel Preston Moore
20:Samuel Preston Moore
381:Confederate Veteran
245:Stephen M. Westmore
214:, and later as the
152:1861–65 (CSA)
150:1835–61 (USA)
595:Eicher(1), p. 789.
471:Eicher(2), p. 606.
455:Allardice, p. 168.
361:William A. Hammond
344:Hollywood Cemetery
315:Richmond, Virginia
220:American Civil War
208:United States Army
204:military physician
192:American Civil War
129:United States Army
81:Richmond, Virginia
78:Hollywood Cemetery
67:Richmond, Virginia
48:September 16, 1813
670:Wakelyn, Jon L.,
613:Eicher(2), p. 23.
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304:Civil War service
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545:Am. J. Surg
216:Confederate
210:during the
166:Major (USA)
758:Categories
620:References
517:2009-01-13
337:Postbellum
290:West Point
87:Allegiance
44:1813-09-16
379:, as did
226:Biography
391:See also
260:Missouri
241:Virginia
176:Commands
115:Service/
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676:ISBN
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157:Rank
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