93:(Liverpool), McInroy, Parker & Co. (Glasgow) and McInroy, Sandbach & Co. (Demerara). The enterprise grew to become owners of both ships and plantations and also exporters of coffee, molasses, rum and sugar from the West Indies to the British ports of Liverpool and Glasgow. They were significant slave owners until
82:
enterprise. Parker had married a niece of
Robertson's in 1797 and Sandbach's move to Liverpool coincided with his own marriage on 15 December 1802 to another niece, Elizabeth Robertson, who was the daughter of a clergyman. In 1813, the prosperous and well-connected Philip Frederick Tinne, a Dutchman of
81:
Robertson died in 1799, by which time Parker was back in
Demerara. He, Sandbach and McInroy all returned to Britain in the same year as McInroy, Sandbach & Co. was founded. They then set up McInroy, Parker & Co. in Glasgow before Sandbach moved to Liverpool to establish another branch of the
78:. Parker, who was a nephew of Robertson, returned to Britain after two years. Sandbach and the remaining partner, McInroy, were left to look after the merchanting aspect of the partnership and in 1801 established the Demerara-based firm of McInroy, Sandbach & Co.
73:
When trade and thus the income from it went into a downturn, two of the partners – George
Robertson, an older, long-established merchant, and Charles Stuart Parker – decided to concentrate on development of existing plantations in
70:. Around 1792, after working for some time as a clerk in firm that had been trading since around 1782 in one form or another, the partners were so impressed with the younger Samuel that they invited him to join their ranks.
230:
There were at least four sons and three daughters. Of the daughters, one married John
Abraham Tinne and another Charles Stuart Parker junior, with both of whom Sandbach had been in partnership as a merchant.
763:
A Genealogical and
Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours
132:
had died. He was appointed as
Bailiff in October 1828 and as mayor for 1831–32. He became High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1838, at which time his address was given at
820:
810:
163:. He built and briefly lived at a Liverpool mansion, variously described as being in St Anne Street and in Mansfield Street, that then became home to
89:
Until he formally left the firms in
November 1833, when two of his sons took over his interest, Sandbach was a partner in the related businesses of
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171:, near Liverpool, by 1832 and died there on 26 April 1851. Aside from his Welsh estate at Hafodunos, Sandbach had also bought estates around
147:
by the mid-1840s, at which time he was also promoting a new company that intended to assist landowners in drainage of their properties.
66:, England. In 1788, he left England to join his uncle, also called Samuel Sandbach, who had for many years been living and trading in
835:
855:
90:
35:
102:
508:
125:
94:
830:
364:"The Scope of Accumulation and the Reach of Moral Perception: Slavery, Market Revolution and Atlantic Capitalism"
105:, Sandbach shared compensation of over £35,000 for the liberation of over 500 slaves on two estates he co-owned.
757:
582:"The Wealth and Social Aspirations of Liverpool's Slave Merchants of the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century"
31:
771:
86:
descent, joined the
Liverpool firm, which became known as the "Rothchilds of Demerara", as a full partner.
128:, who had been at the forefront of an unsuccessful attempt to have him elected a few months earlier when
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39:
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155:
Samuel and
Elizabeth Sandbach had several children, one of whom, Henry Robertson Sandbach, married
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331:
304:
257:
690:
Memorials of
Liverpool: historical and topographical, including a history of the Dock Estate
336:
Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain
533:
359:
688:
367:
160:
129:
332:"Helping to make Britain great: the commercial legacies of slave-ownership in Britain"
124:
Sandbach was elected to the Liverpool council in December 1827 following the death of
58:
Samuel Sandbach, whose father, Adam, was an innkeeper and farmer, was born in 1769 at
794:
172:
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218:
47:
221:. Both Richard Wilding (d. 1820) and John Chambres Jones (d. 1833) had done so.
43:
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624:"The Lancashire, Cheshire and North Wales Drainage and Enclosure Company".
46:. He made his fortune as a merchant in a partnership that traded with the
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23:
584:. In Richardson, David; Schwarz, Suzanne; Tibbles, Anthony (eds.).
553:
Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith, eds. (2015).
374:(Reprinted ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 50, 58.
97:, and from the 1830s until the 1920s were major transporters of
306:
Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the Great Migration
259:
Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the Great Migration
167:, another mayor of the borough. He was living at Woodlands in
108:
Sandbach was also for some time among the proprietors of the
288:"Samuel Sandbach, Esq., of Woodlands, County of Lancaster".
559:(Reprinted ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 64.
556:
Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World
372:
Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World
217:
Sandbach was not the only Liverpool slaver to buy land in
95:
slavery was abolished in most parts of the British Empire
309:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 41–42.
262:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 36–40.
195:, former Member of Parliament and descendant of Samuel.
439:
The Herculaneum Pottery: Liverpool's Forgotten Glory
16:British mayor, coroner and slave owner (1769–1851)
411:"Samuel Sandbach -Profile & Legacies Summary"
588:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 221–222.
370:; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith (eds.).
140:. He had bought the Hafodunos estate in 1830.
8:
609:"Annual Meeting of the Bank of Liverpool".
442:. Liverpool University Press. p. 192.
338:. Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
766:. Vol. 4. Henry Colburn. p. 16.
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22:(1769–26 April 1851) was successively
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654:"No. XXX - Mr. John Abraham Tinne".
821:19th-century English businesspeople
811:18th-century English businesspeople
586:Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery
495:Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser
480:Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser
415:Legacies of British Slave Ownership
397:Gore's Liverpool General Advertiser
509:"List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool"
14:
54:Early life and mercantile career
613:. 13 September 1845. p. 8.
542:. 2 February 1838. p. 232.
772:"Searching for my slave roots"
643:. 23 November 1844. p. 3.
478:"Common Council Proceedings".
467:. 11 December 1827. p. 1.
143:He was deputy chairman of the
1:
851:High sheriffs of Denbighshire
846:English justices of the peace
841:Businesspeople from Liverpool
742:. 31 October 1868. p. 4.
738:"The Late Mr. C. S. Parker".
708:"The Late Mr Thomas Porter".
673:. 28 October 1868. p. 6.
669:"Death of Mr. C. S. Parker".
628:. 6 February 1846. p. 2.
497:. 23 October 1828. p. 4.
826:19th-century English lawyers
816:18th-century English lawyers
712:. 15 August 1863. p. 5.
693:. Longmans, Green. pp.
36:High Sheriff of Denbighshire
482:. 2 August 1827. p. 3.
417:. University College London
103:Slave Compensation Act 1837
872:
658:. 25 July 1856. p. 6.
399:. 10 July 1834. p. 1.
395:"Notice Is Hereby Given".
727:. 12 May 1832. p. 5.
330:Draper, Nicholas (2014).
292:. 3 May 1851. p. 30.
101:. Under the terms of the
91:Sandbach, Tinne & Co.
514:. Liverpool City Council
463:"Leeds Intelligencer".
290:Illustrated London News
685:Picton, James Allanson
436:Hyland, Peter (2005).
303:Hollett, Dave (1999).
256:Hollett, Dave (1999).
159:, a granddaughter of
836:English slave owners
580:Pope, David (2007).
165:Thomas Colley Porter
40:Justice of the Peace
856:Mayors of Liverpool
193:Antoinette Sandbach
110:Herculaneum Pottery
539:The London Gazette
465:Manchester Mercury
50:and owned slaves.
32:Mayor of Liverpool
725:Newcastle Journal
671:Liverpool Mercury
656:Liverpool Mercury
626:Chester Chronicle
595:978-1-84631-066-9
566:978-1-52610-301-7
449:978-0-85323-979-6
381:978-1-52610-301-7
345:978-1-31606-124-4
316:978-0-83863-819-4
269:978-0-83863-819-4
145:Bank of Liverpool
126:J. B. Hollinshead
99:indentured labour
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806:1851 deaths
801:1769 births
778:. July 2020
758:Burke, John
534:"No. 19586"
219:North Wales
120:Public life
48:West Indies
795:Categories
697:, 310–311.
200:References
44:Lancashire
518:22 August
493:"Local".
238:Citations
134:Hafodunos
60:Tarporley
776:BBC News
760:(1838).
687:(1875).
362:(2015).
187:See also
181:Cheshire
179:area of
175:and the
169:Aigburth
138:Abergele
84:Huguenot
76:Demerara
64:Cheshire
782:22 July
421:22 July
177:Handley
114:Toxteth
68:Grenada
28:coroner
24:bailiff
592:
563:
446:
378:
342:
313:
266:
151:Family
38:and a
512:(PDF)
366:. In
205:Notes
784:2020
590:ISBN
561:ISBN
520:2017
444:ISBN
423:2020
376:ISBN
340:ISBN
311:ISBN
264:ISBN
42:for
30:and
112:in
62:in
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774:.
695:46
536:.
413:.
334:.
278:^
246:^
183:.
136:,
26:,
786:.
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425:.
384:.
348:.
319:.
272:.
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