926:, and greatly improved the area's agricultural production by bringing in thousands of head of livestock and overhauling the local irrigation network. In order to obtain lumber for their settlements, they also began the first large-scale logging operations in the San Bernardino Mountains, starting in the Mill Creek valley. Luis Vignes built the first sawmill in the range sometime between 1851 and 1853. By 1854, six lumber mills were in operation in the mountains, some as high as the crest of the range three-quarters of a mile above San Bernardino, accessed by a twisting road through Waterman Canyon. Some of these mills were driven by waterwheels, although most were steam powered.
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742:– the Big Bear block, which forms the large montane plateau that characterizes the northern portions of the range; and the more complex and fractured San Gorgonio, Wilson Creek and Yucaipa Ridge blocks, which form the rugged and heavily dissected southern parts of the mountains. Because of their large, steep rise above the surrounding terrain, the San Bernardinos have been subject to great amounts of erosion that have carved out numerous river gorges. Rocks and sediment from the mountains are deposited on the surrounding valley floors as massive
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792:(or Mojave Trail) crested the San Bernardinos east of Cajon Pass and permitted trade between people of the Inland Empire basin and the Mojave Desert. San Gorgonio Pass, which forms the largest natural break in the Transverse Ranges, also allowed interaction between coastal and desert tribes. River canyons, especially those of the Mojave and Santa Ana, provided the major means of entry to the mountains. Many archaeological sites have been discovered along Deep Creek, a tributary of the Mojave River, in particular.
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955:– the world's largest artificial reservoir at the time – to supply water to citrus farms around San Bernardino. By 1910, a new dam had been built, increasing the size of the lake threefold. An unintended effect of the lake was to dramatically increase tourism in the San Bernardino Mountains, and its shores were developed with lodges and visitor facilities by the 1920s. The old logging camp of Big Bear Lake was expanded to accommodate increasing numbers of tourists from all over Southern California.
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Flats areas), and provide an important water resource for the coastal plain below. Most of the precipitation falls between
November and March; summers are mostly dry except for infrequent thunderstorms during late summer. During the colder winter storms, snow can fall above 2,000 feet, but most usually falls above 3,500 feet. Ski resorts (mostly in the Big Bear area) capitalize on this snowfall, the most reliable south of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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and would cause accidents with the stagecoaches then in use. In 1908, W.C. Vaughan drove up the
Waterman Canyon road to Lake Arrowhead in protest of county restrictions, with police in hot pursuit. In spite of a total ban on automobiles imposed by the county the following year, Jack Heyser took a car down the narrow stage roads around modern-day Crestline in 1910, proving that the mountains could be safely serviced by automobiles.
357:, and are still actively rising. Many local rivers originate in the range, which receives significantly more precipitation than the surrounding desert. The range's unique and varying environment allows it to maintain some of the greatest biodiversity in the state. For over 10,000 years, the San Bernardinos and their surroundings have been inhabited by indigenous peoples, who used the mountains as a summer hunting ground.
1048:, more popularly known as the Rim of the World Highway for 107 miles (172 km) as it winds through the mountains – was dedicated on July 18, 1915. Traveling from Crestline through Big Bear City and north into the Mojave Desert, the Rim of the World Highway is one of the most spectacular roads in Southern California, affording motorists wide views of the San Bernardino Valley, Santa Ana Canyon, and Big Bear Lake.
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809:, became the first European known to reach the San Bernardino Mountains. Although the original purpose of his expedition was to pursue deserters from the Spanish army, he ended up venturing into not just the San Bernardinos but also the San Jacinto Mountains, the Mojave Desert, and eventually north into the
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During the early 20th century, the roads that serviced the San
Bernardino Mountains were steep and narrow. Conflicts occurred between those who believed that the automobile could provide fast and cheap transportation up the steep grades of the mountains, and those who worried that cars were dangerous
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During the 17th and 18th centuries, various
Spanish explorers passed through coastal Southern California and claimed the area for Spain. In 1769, the Spanish government began an effort to bring what they called Alta California under their control and introduce Christianity to native peoples through
619:. The northern part of the San Bernardinos is a large upland plateau characterized by a series of extensive subalpine basins, including Big Bear Valley, and is home to several large water supply reservoirs. South of the Big Bear area the range is cut by the Santa Ana Canyon, the broad valley of the
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in higher regions of the San
Bernardino Mountains. Snow in the San Bernardinos was seen as an obstacle before the 1920s and practically shut down recreation in the winter. However, more and more Southern Californians braved the dangers of winter travel in the mountains, and Lake Arrowhead became a
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epoch beginning approximately two million years ago, with regional uplift continuing to the present. The rocks that make up the mountains are much more ancient than the mountains themselves – ranging from 18 million years to 1.7 billion years old. The San
Andreas Fault was also responsible for the
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in
Holcomb Valley. Although another major gold strike was made in that same year, area deposits petered out by the 1880s, and the mountains were quickly depopulated, with most of the miners settling down in the San Bernardino Valley and the Mojave Desert near present-day Hesperia. Many structures
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and Ben
Choteau's 1860 discovery of gold on Holcomb Creek kicked off a flood of gold seekers to the San Bernardino Mountains. Mining boomtowns, including Belleville, Clapboard Town, Union Town, Bairdstown and Doble, were established almost overnight. Belleville even exceeded the population of San
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The San
Bernardino Mountains (along with the adjacent San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains) are a humid island in the mostly semi-arid southern California coastal plain. Parts of the San Bernardino Mountains have annual precipitation totals in excess of 40 inches (e.g. Lake Arrowhead and Barton
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Indigenous peoples traveled into the mountains in the summer to hunt deer and rabbits, gather acorns, berries and nuts, and seek refuge from the desert heat. They established well-traveled trade routes, some of which were later used by
Europeans to explore and settle the region. The precipitous
1120:– a high mountain region whose plants and animals vary dramatically from those in the surrounding semi-arid lands. The San Bernardinos in particular comprise the largest forested region in Southern California, and support some 1,600 species of plants. Foothill regions are primarily composed of
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in the area. The party captured and skinned more than twenty bears. Later, they found and arrested the rustlers, who were hiding along the Mojave River. Wilson's expedition opened the interior of the San Bernardinos to later exploration, and discouraged Native Americans such as the Mohave from
1069:, a large reservoir created by the construction of a dam on the northern flank of the San Bernardinos in 1973. From Silverwood, the water passes through the mountains via the San Bernardino Tunnel, and drops down to the Devil Canyon Power Plant in the San Bernardino Valley, using the enormous
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Skiing did not become a popular recreational activity in the mountains until a simple sling lift was built at Big Bear in 1938. By 1949, a 3,000-foot (910 m)-long chair lift was built, hugely increasing the amount of skiers the area's resorts could accommodate. Known as the Lynn Lift, it
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at its base. European settlement of the region progressed slowly until 1860, when the mountains became the focus of the largest gold rush ever to occur in Southern California. Waves of settlers brought in by the gold rush populated the lowlands around the San Bernardinos, and began to tap the
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hydroelectric plant. Although the project was never completed to full extent, Arrowhead became one of the most popular fishing destinations in Southern California. In the early 20th century, John Baylis built the Pinecrest Resort on Lake Arrowhead. This was followed by several other tourist
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Recreational development of the range began in the early 20th century, when mountain resorts were built around new irrigation reservoirs. Since then, the mountains have been extensively engineered for transportation and water supply purposes. Four major
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peoples, whose territory comprised land north and northeast of the San Bernardinos, adjacent to the Mojave Desert. Most of these tribes did not have permanent settlements in the mountains, with the possible exception of a few groups of Serrano.
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developments, including the Skyland Inn and Thousand Pines Camp. Most early tourists arrived by stagecoach, though in time the old Mormon logging road through Waterman Canyon was overhauled, allowing for the passage of automobiles.
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By 1911, cars had largely replaced horse-drawn carts as the primary mode of transport in the mountains, and new toll roads were constructed through the range to service them. Among the first were roads through Cajon Pass,
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Bernardino itself for a short time and narrowly lost to the latter city for election as the county seat. Numerous mills and processing plants were constructed in the area, which became known as Holcomb Valley. In 1873,
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to growing cities in the parched south. The East Branch of the aqueduct passes over the San Bernardino Mountains through a complex arrangement of pumping stations, reservoirs and power stations. The aqueduct feeds
666:. Cities within the San Bernardino Mountains total a population of about 44,000, with this number sometimes increasing tenfold during peak tourist season. Several regional streams and rivers also have their
1770:"High-Resolution Seismic Reflection/Refraction Imaging from Interstate 10 to Cherry Valley Boulevard, Cherry Valley, Riverside County, California: Implications for Water Resources and Earthquake Hazards"
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855:, or "a mission on a small scale with all the requisites for a mission, and with Divine Service held regularly on days of obligation, except that it lacked a resident priest", San Bernardino was an
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Development of resorts also proliferated on rivers and high mountain valleys. The Seven Oaks Camp was established on the banks of the Santa Ana River in 1890, and resorts also grew up at
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was to be one of a series of three reservoirs that would divert water draining off the northwestern San Bernardino Mountains into the San Bernardino Valley, and furnish water to a 260
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1676:"Uplift and erosion of the San Bernardino Mountains associated with transpression along the San Andreas Fault, California, as constrained by radiogenic helium thermochronometry"
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and several fir species at elevations above 5,000 feet (1,500 m). Deeper within the mountains, perennial streams fed by springs and lakes nourish stands of
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because of its course through heavily developed areas. Completed in 1999, the dam is designed to completely contain a 350-year flood. Many other dams, including
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865:, a major stream flowing out of the San Bernardinos, to the estancia and surrounding croplands. For the next twenty years, the Spanish – then the
840:, Dumetz named the San Bernardino Valley. This name was applied to San Bernardino Peak by 1835, and was in wide use for the entire range by 1849.
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Originally proposed in 1891 by the Arrowhead Reservoir and Power Company – and reportedly inspired by the success of the Big Bear Lake project –
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cattle rustlers who had fled into the mountains. Wilson was the first recorded European to see the Big Bear Valley, and named Bear Lake (today's
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Archaeological discoveries in the San Bernardino Valley suggest that humans have populated the region for at least 10,000-12,000 years. Several
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operated until 1970, but was demolished in 1981 due to its limited capacity. Tommi Tyndall, who founded ski schools at Big Bear, Mill Creek,
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1503:"Geologic and Hydrologic Features of the San Bernardino Area, California: With Special Reference to Underflow Across the San Jacinto Fault"
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346:– the tallest peak in Southern California. The San Bernardinos form a significant region of wilderness and are popular for hiking and
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746:. Regional alluvial deposits can reach depths of 1,000 feet (300 m) or more, and their permeable soils constitute several major
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999:, is widely credited for introducing and later advocating the sport in the San Bernardino Mountains, as well as for bringing
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Call of the Mountains: The Beauty and Legacy of Southern California's San Jacinto, San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains
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1084:, a danger that has prompted the construction of numerous flood control dams throughout the range. The largest of these is
730:, between eleven and five million years ago, but has largely eroded. The range was shaped into its present form during the
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traverse the mountains today; these developments have all had significant impacts on area wildlife and plant communities.
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Backcountry Adventures Southern California: The Ultimate Guide to the Backcountry for Anyone with a Sport Utility Vehicle
1171:. The mountains once had an abundant population of California grizzly, but hunting eliminated their populations by 1906.
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The San Bernardinos and their surrounds were sporadically explored throughout the next 50 years or so - first by
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to the northwest. In addition, there are several mid-sized to large towns in the mountains themselves, including
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From its northwestern end, the crest of the mountains rises steadily until they are interrupted by the gorge of
416:. The range divides three major physiographic regions: the highly urbanized Inland Empire to the southwest, the
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in the mountains. The principal drainage is provided by the Santa Ana River, which runs westwards into the
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1920:"Upper Santa Ana River Wash Land Management And Habitat Conservation Plan: Cultural Resource Assessment"
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The San Bernardino Mountains, along with the nearby San Gabriel and San Jacinto ranges, is considered a
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led a small company to build a temporary chapel near what is now Redlands. On May 20, the Feast Day of
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technology, without which the present-day ski industry would be severely crippled during dry winters.
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colonists began emigrating to the San Bernardino Valley. The Mormons bought and subsequently split up
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The San Bernardinos: The Mountain Country from Cajon Pass to Oak Glen, Two Centuries of Changing Use
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About 440 species of wildlife inhabit the mountains, including many endangered species such as the
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built by miners, including chutes, sluices and a few cabins, can still be found in the area today.
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1611:"Complexities of the San Andreas fault near San Gorgonio Pass: Implications for large earthquakes"
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explorers first encountered the San Bernardinos in the late 18th century, naming the eponymous
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roam the highlands today, but they are not native to the region: they were imported from the
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1449:"A Brief History of the San Gorgonio Wilderness and the San Gorgonio Wilderness Association"
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The mountains are named for the San Bernardino Valley, in turn named by the Spanish in 1810
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Many cities lie at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. These include San Bernardino,
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and spanning two California counties, the range tops out at 11,503 feet (3,506 m) at
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The mountains were formed about eleven million years ago by tectonic activity along the
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and evergreen oak woodland communities, with a transition to forests of deciduous oak,
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formation of both major mountain passes that mark the east and west ends of the range.
408:. Encompassing roughly 2,100 square miles (5,400 km), the mountains lie mostly in
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17:
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Eckis, Rollin (1928). "Alluvial Fans of the Cucamonga District, Southern California".
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mountains' rich timber and water resources on a large scale by the late 19th century.
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1088:– the sixth highest dam in the United States – on the Santa Ana River. In 1969, the
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Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts
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In 1880, Frank Elwood Brown designed the first dam in the Big Bear Valley, forming
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404:, in the southeast. The Morongo Valley in the southeast divides the range from the
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Ambiguous justice: Native Americans and the law in Southern California, 1848-1890
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deemed the Santa Ana the greatest flood threat in the United States west of the
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The high country of the mountains remained largely unexplored until 1845, when
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of Southern California, a mountain chain formed by tectonic forces between the
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2726:
California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names
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Historic Kern County: An Illustrated History of Bakersfield and Kern County
875:
Mexico – practiced agriculture and ranching at the foot of the mountains.
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groups held the lands surrounding the San Bernardinos. These included the
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2172:"Rocks & Minerals: Prospecting on the San Bernardino National Forest"
1852:
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on smaller drainages, provide more localized flood and sediment control.
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Introduction to the Geology of Southern California and its Native Plants
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2318:
Besser, Gretchen R. (2002). "Sipapu, Snow Summit Celebrate Their 50th".
1199:
Panorama of San Bernardino Peak, a subsidiary peak of Mount San Gorgonio
1060:, a massive system of canals and pipelines designed to bring water from
828:, the first known European to use the Mojave Road, in 1776, followed by
805:. It was not until 1772 when the military governor of Alta California,
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771:, who occupied the Inland Empire area southwest of the mountains; the
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The San Bernardinos run for approximately 60 miles (97 km) from
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was created near present-day San Bernardino as an outpost of nearby
27:
Mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in California, United States
2676:. California Department of Fish and Game. July 1998. Archived from
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in Santa Ana Canyon, with Sugarloaf Mountain rising in the distance
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1137:
1044:). The largest and most famous road through the San Bernardinos –
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775:, who lived in the Coachella Valley and Salton Sea basin; and the
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to the north. Most of the range lies within the boundaries of the
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2999:
El Caminito Real: A Documentary History of California's Estancias
1925:. San Bernardino Valley Water Conservation District. January 2005
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2942:
San Bernardino Mountain Trails: 100 Hikes in Southern California
1674:
Spotila, James A.; Farley, Kenneth A.; Sich, Kerry (June 1998).
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The streams of the San Bernardino Mountains are also prone to
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in the 1930s, in part to attract tourists to the mountains.
1395:. California Department of Water Resources. October 1, 2003
2490:. Orange County Department of Public Works. Archived from
1946:"The Real El Camino: California Missions in Another Light"
1419:
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These mountains are shaped by several primary tectonic or
682:, flowing southeast through the Coachella Valley into the
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Historical and biographical record of southern California
2127:"19th Century Lumbering in the San Bernardino Mountains"
1853:"California Historic Landmarks in San Bernardino County"
914:
valley was the first area of the mountains to be logged.
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1586:
Schulz, Sandra S.; Wallace, Robert E. (June 24, 1997).
832:, who surveyed the Mojave River area in 1806. In 1810,
678:. Other streams flowing off the mountains include the
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in the United States. Situated north and northeast of
1451:. San Gorgonio Wilderness Association. Archived from
706:
The range seen looking south from the Big Bear Valley
46:
The San Bernardinos seen from near Sugarloaf Mountain
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Mountain ranges of San Bernardino County, California
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CALFED Bay-Delta Program Environmental Water Account
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2371:Kreim, M.M. (1915). "Around the Rim of the World".
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2959:Storer, Tracy Irwin; Tevis, Lloyd Pacheco (1996).
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690:, which drains northwards into the Mojave Desert.
2839:Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Kyle, Douglas E. (2002).
392:in the northwest – which separates them from the
2552:. California State Water Resources Control Board
2521:San Bernardino County 2011-12 Recommended Budget
1543:Geologic setting, San Bernardino National Forest
1362:. County of San Bernardino. 2008. Archived from
1073:afforded by the mountains to generate up to 276
1536:"Geology of the San Bernardino National Forest"
1534:Mattic, J.C.; Morton, D.M. (February 9, 2000).
987:sought-after winter destination by the 1930s.
412:, with a small southern portion reaching into
4208:California University of Science and Medicine
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3257:
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1609:Yule, Doug; Sieh, Kerry (November 29, 2003).
435:Highest peaks of the San Bernardino Mountains
8:
2940:Robinson, John; Harris, David Money (2006).
2523:. County of San Bernardino. pp. 291–301
1855:. California Office of Historic Preservation
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726:. An early version of the range rose in the
4203:California State University, San Bernardino
3096:Places adjacent to San Bernardino Mountains
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2406:. California Department of Water Resources
2136:. County of San Bernardino. Archived from
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903:staging similar raids over the mountains.
627:'s depth by over 2,000 feet (610 m).
31:
2982:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
2866:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
2824:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
2805:. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
2775:The biota of the San Bernardino Mountains
2724:Gudde, Erwin G.; Bright, William (2004).
2484:"Santa Ana River Project: Seven Oaks Dam"
1709:
1699:
1565:"Geology of the San Bernardino Mountains"
1510:Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1419
1040:), and Mill Creek and Santa Ana Canyons (
2550:2002 Water Management Initiative Chapter
1876:"Many Roads to the Historical Southland"
1779:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from
1317:United States Department of the Interior
1254:United States Department of the Interior
2435:. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. July 2003
1812:
1810:
1231:
851:. Although sometimes referred to as an
4349:Mountain ranges of Southern California
3051:San Bernardino Mountains at SummitPost
3039:Restoring the San Bernardino Mountains
3017:. Big Santa Anita Historical Society.
2900:Massey, Peter; Wilson, Jeanne (2006).
2633:Mountains Group – San Gorgonio Chapter
1567:. U.S. Geological Survey. May 26, 2006
1414:
1412:
1410:
1181:California Department of Fish and Game
1501:Dutcher, L.C.; Garrett, A.A. (1963).
1211:List of mountain ranges of California
1056:In the late 1950s, work began on the
140:2,063 sq mi (5,340 km)
7:
4354:Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert
4057:San Bernardino International Airport
3103:
2024:. Santa Margarita Historical Society
1948:. University of California Riverside
710:The San Bernardinos are part of the
3061:San Gorgonio Wilderness Association
1308:Geographic Names Information System
1245:Geographic Names Information System
2963:. University of California Press.
2786:. University of California Press.
2728:. University of California Press.
2060:East Valley Corridor Specific Plan
1874:Masters, Nathan (March 10, 2011).
1386:"Morongo Valley Groundwater Basin"
25:
4160:San Bernardino County Court House
4077:San Bernardino–Tippecanoe station
2885:. Geological Society of America.
2053:"Plan Description and Background"
1768:Gandhok, G.; et al. (1999).
4303:Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes
4030:Inland Empire–Orange County Line
3884:
3833:
3187:
3166:
3158:
3134:
2944:(6 ed.). Wilderness Press.
2455:"History of the Santa Ana River"
2200:. The Historical Marker Database
2062:. City of Redlands. July 2, 1996
1447:Gorden, Michael; Saffle, Karen.
1421:USGS Topo Maps for United States
1188:
1100:on the Mojave River and various
151:
40:
4165:San Bernardino Downtown Station
4092:Victor Valley Transit Authority
2997:Weber, Francis J., ed. (1988).
2350:"Rim of the World Scenic Byway"
1898:"California Rivers: Deep Creek"
1618:Journal of Geophysical Research
1426:United States Geological Survey
1360:"San Bernardino County History"
1313:United States Geological Survey
1250:United States Geological Survey
845:San Bernardino de Sena Estancia
406:Little San Bernardino Mountains
282:Little San Bernardino Mountains
3056:San Bernardino National Forest
2820:Holtzclaw, Kenneth M. (2006).
2607:San Bernardino National Forest
2236:Robinson and Harris, pp. 35–36
2176:San Bernardino National Forest
2001:Robinson and Harris, pp. 32–33
1831:San Bernardino National Forest
1283:. Peakbagger. November 1, 2004
1153:San Bernardino flying squirrel
426:San Bernardino National Forest
1:
4213:San Bernardino Valley College
4067:San Bernardino Transit Center
3188:
3135:
3001:. Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
2978:Tetley, Rhea-Frances (2005).
2847:. Stanford University Press.
2754:Gunther, Vanessa Ann (2006).
2635:. Sierra Club. Archived from
882:led a party of 22 men from a
72:11,503 ft (3,506 m)
3167:
3159:
2881:Lancaster, Nicholas (2003).
2843:Historic spots in California
2743:Guinn, James Miller (1902).
2671:"Black Bear Management Plan"
2134:San Bernardino County Museum
1090:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
974:Lake Arrowhead in July 2007.
849:Mission San Gabriel Arcángel
796:Explorers and early settlers
2862:Keller, Russell L. (2008).
2801:Hatheway, Roger G. (2007).
2462:Santa Ana River Vision Plan
1161:Mountain yellow-legged frog
938:built California's largest
4375:
3013:Robinson, John W. (2001).
2782:Hall, Clarence A. (2007).
2281:Robinson and Harris, p. 38
2161:Robinson and Harris, p. 35
2089:Robinson and Harris, p. 34
2080:Robinson and Harris, p. 33
1816:Robinson and Harris, p. 32
1303:"San Bernardino Mountains"
1281:"San Bernardino Mountains"
1169:Andrew's marbled butterfly
420:in the southeast, and the
3882:
3101:
2773:Grinnell, Joseph (1908).
1972:Cleveland National Forest
1491:Robinson and Harris, p. 1
1046:California State Route 18
947:Reservoirs and recreation
447:
149:
39:
4339:San Bernardino Mountains
4128:Glen Helen Regional Park
3864:San Bernardino Mountains
3756:San Bernardino Mountains
3164:San Bernardino Mountains
2749:. Chapman Publishing Co.
2514:"Flood Control District"
2245:Massey and Wilson, p. 26
2010:Gudde and Bright, p. 330
1590:. U.S. Geological Survey
1512:. U.S. Geological Survey
1393:California's Groundwater
559:San Bernardino East Peak
328:San Bernardino Mountains
35:San Bernardino Mountains
4313:San Bernardino Pioneers
4229:San Bernardino City USD
4133:Glen Helen Amphitheater
2777:. The University Press.
2098:Storer and Tevis, p. 24
1992:Hoover and Kyle, p. 321
1968:"History & Culture"
1827:"History & Culture"
1777:Open-File Report 99-320
1588:"The San Andreas Fault"
1240:"San Gorgonio Mountain"
1216:San Gorgonio Wilderness
898:) for the abundance of
400:, across which lie the
132:41 mi (66 km)
124:60 mi (97 km)
18:San Bernardino Mountain
4145:Inland Regional Center
4082:SunLine Transit Agency
4052:San Bernardino Freeway
3938:October 2007 wildfires
3840:City of San Bernardino
2803:Rim of the World Drive
2705:Brewer, Chris (2001).
1900:. Friends of the River
1727:The Journal of Geology
1424:(Map). Cartography by
1157:California Spotted Owl
1028:
975:
915:
830:José Maria de Zalvidea
821:
707:
330:are a high and rugged
100:34.09917°N 116.82472°W
3943:2015 terrorist attack
3913:Rancho San Bernardino
3859:San Bernardino Valley
3766:San Jacinto Mountains
3761:San Bernardino Valley
3225:San Jacinto Mountains
3216:San Bernardino Valley
3146:San Gabriel Mountains
2919:Olander, Ann (2005).
2904:. Adlers Publishing.
2609:. U.S. Forest Service
2583:. U.S. Forest Service
2373:The Santa Fe Magazine
2178:. U.S. Forest Service
2143:on September 26, 2011
1974:. U.S. Forest Service
1833:. U.S. Forest Service
1545:. U.S. Forest Service
1023:
973:
924:Rancho San Bernardino
909:
819:
705:
468:San Gorgonio Mountain
410:San Bernardino County
402:San Jacinto Mountains
394:San Gabriel Mountains
384:Geography and climate
365:San Bernardino Valley
344:San Gorgonio Mountain
278:San Jacinto Mountains
274:San Gabriel Mountains
61:San Gorgonio Mountain
4150:National Orange Show
3948:2017 school shooting
2683:on December 20, 2011
2629:"Endangered Species"
2494:on February 24, 2012
1804:Gunther, pp. 161–162
1638:10.1029/2001jb000451
1112:Ecology and wildlife
801:the construction of
105:34.09917; -116.82472
4308:Inland Empire 66ers
4062:San Bernardino Line
3999:University District
3923:1989 train disaster
3776:Santa Ana Mountains
3700:San Antonio Heights
2464:. City of Santa Ana
2426:"Chapter 16: Power"
2404:State Water Project
1786:on October 23, 2011
1739:1928JG.....36..224E
1692:1998Tecto..17..360S
1630:2003JGRB..108.2548Y
1455:on January 30, 2012
1221:Santa Ana Mountains
1165:Southern rubber boa
1062:Northern California
1058:California Aqueduct
936:Eli "Lucky" Baldwin
918:Beginning in 1851,
838:Bernardino of Siena
585:San Bernardino Peak
378:California Aqueduct
336:Southern California
236: /
96: /
4170:San Manuel Stadium
4108:California Theatre
4101:Points of interest
3918:1980 Panorama Fire
3786:Temescal Mountains
3771:San Jacinto Valley
3454:Desert Hot Springs
3044:2012-03-11 at the
2961:California Grizzly
2925:. Stephens Press.
2603:"About the Forest"
2570:Grinnell, pp. 1–11
2352:. America's Byways
2227:Olander, pp. 96–98
1319:. January 19, 1981
1256:. January 19, 1981
1029:
997:Sugarloaf Mountain
976:
931:William F. Holcomb
916:
900:California grizzly
880:Benjamin D. Wilson
822:
759:Indigenous peoples
708:
52:Highest point
4344:Transverse Ranges
4326:
4325:
4291:
4290:
4254:San Bernardino HS
4244:Indian Springs HS
3969:Arrowhead Springs
3799:
3798:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
2873:978-0-7385-5912-4
2822:San Gorgonio Pass
2812:978-0-7385-4770-1
2793:978-0-520-24932-5
2639:on April 15, 2013
2272:Tetley, pp. 34–35
1944:Clugston, Steve.
1701:10.1029/98tc00378
1655:on August 1, 2010
1366:on April 12, 2010
1346:Grinnell, pp. 1–2
1094:Mississippi River
890:to catch several
886:near present-day
873:newly independent
724:San Andreas Fault
722:Plates along the
712:Transverse Ranges
642:to the east; and
613:
612:
609:
608:
398:San Gorgonio Pass
355:San Andreas Fault
324:
323:
264:Transverse Ranges
218:Range coordinates
16:(Redirected from
4366:
4278:Colton Joint USD
4234:Arroyo Valley HS
4193:
4035:Mountain Transit
4025:Beaumont Transit
3994:Hospitality Lane
3888:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3726:Cucamonga Valley
3721:Coachella Valley
3641:Cities and towns
3548:Cities and towns
3524:Twentynine Palms
3395:Cities and towns
3371:Rancho Cucamonga
3322:Cities and towns
3301:Principal cities
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3191:
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2625:
2619:
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2614:
2599:
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2592:
2590:
2588:
2581:"Pinus jeffreyi"
2577:
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2255:
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2246:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2198:"Holcomb Valley"
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2153:
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2148:
2142:
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2069:
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2057:
2049:
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2040:
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2029:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
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1722:
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1660:
1654:
1648:. Archived from
1615:
1606:
1600:
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1583:
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1561:
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1277:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1236:
1192:
1102:retention basins
1098:Mojave Forks Dam
1052:Water management
834:Francisco Dumetz
826:Francisco Garcés
680:Whitewater River
507:Bighorn Mountain
442:
431:
430:
418:Coachella Valley
414:Riverside County
259:
251:
250:
248:
247:
246:
241:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
155:
111:
110:
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101:
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89:
44:
32:
21:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4287:
4259:San Gorgonio HS
4217:
4184:
4155:Orange Pavilion
4123:Fiscalini Field
4096:
4087:State Route 259
4008:
3964:Arrowhead Farms
3952:
3889:
3880:
3842:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3800:
3795:
3781:Temecula Valley
3731:Elsinore Trough
3709:
3642:
3636:
3549:
3543:
3396:
3390:
3323:
3317:
3296:
3275:
3270:
3240:
3235:
3171:
3097:
3094:
3046:Wayback Machine
3035:
3025:
3012:
3009:
3007:Further reading
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2990:
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2339:Hatheway, p. 27
2338:
2331:
2320:Skiing Heritage
2317:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
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2055:
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2046:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
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1938:
1928:
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1482:Holtzclaw, p. 7
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1337:Lancaster, p. 6
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1200:
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1114:
1067:Silverwood Lake
1054:
1014:
1009:
984:Running Springs
949:
798:
765:Native American
761:
756:
700:
664:Running Springs
621:Santa Ana River
386:
257:
244:
242:
238:
235:
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207:Running Springs
156:
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4072:Santa Fe Depot
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4013:Transportation
4010:
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4007:
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4001:
3996:
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3933:2006 punk riot
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3876:List of mayors
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3751:Plains of Leon
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3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Lake Arrowhead
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
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3531:
3526:
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3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Cathedral City
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3313:San Bernardino
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3292:San Bernardino
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3205:
3199:San Bernardino
3195:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:Morongo Valley
3172:
3157:
3155:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3113:Lucerne Valley
3110:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3034:
3033:External links
3031:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2988:
2980:Lake Arrowhead
2975:
2969:
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2872:
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2715:
2700:
2697:
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2650:
2620:
2594:
2572:
2563:
2543:"Mojave River"
2534:
2505:
2475:
2446:
2417:
2400:"Introduction"
2391:
2382:
2363:
2341:
2329:
2310:
2301:
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2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2189:
2163:
2154:
2118:
2116:Olander, p. 96
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2044:
2035:
2022:"Mission Days"
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1959:
1936:
1911:
1889:
1866:
1844:
1818:
1806:
1797:
1760:
1747:10.1086/623509
1733:(3): 224–247.
1717:
1686:(3): 360–378.
1666:
1601:
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1195:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1113:
1110:
1086:Seven Oaks Dam
1071:hydraulic head
1053:
1050:
1025:State Route 38
1013:
1012:Transportation
1010:
1008:
1007:Infrastructure
1005:
960:Lake Arrowhead
948:
945:
811:Central Valley
797:
794:
760:
757:
755:
752:
716:North American
699:
696:
660:Lake Arrowhead
638:in the south;
611:
610:
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374:state highways
340:San Bernardino
332:mountain range
322:
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306:
305:
296:
290:
289:
285:
284:
271:
267:
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220:
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203:Lake Arrowhead
195:San Bernardino
192:
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181:San Bernardino
178:
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4:
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4175:Shandin Hills
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4148:
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4140:Inland Center
4138:
4134:
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4130:
4129:
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4113:Carousel Mall
4111:
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3877:
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3855:
3854:Inland Empire
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3792:
3791:Victor Valley
3789:
3787:
3784:
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3777:
3774:
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3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
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3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:Morongo Basin
3739:
3737:
3734:
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3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
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3676:
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3671:
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3651:
3650:Big Bear Lake
3648:
3647:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:Rancho Mirage
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Grand Terrace
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
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3557:Big Bear City
3555:
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3530:
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3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Lake Elsinore
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
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3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Moreno Valley
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3346:Jurupa Valley
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
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3288:
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3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:Inland Empire
3267:
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3255:
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3133:
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3117:Mojave Desert
3114:
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3026:
3024:0-9615421-2-8
3020:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2989:0-7385-2918-4
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2970:0-520-20520-0
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2951:0-89997-409-0
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2932:1-932173-46-3
2928:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2911:1-930193-26-2
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2892:0-8137-2368-X
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2854:0-8047-4482-3
2850:
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2833:
2831:0-7385-3097-2
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
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2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
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2776:
2771:
2767:
2765:0-87013-779-4
2761:
2758:. MSU Press.
2757:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2735:0-520-24217-3
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2716:1-893619-14-1
2712:
2709:. HPN Books.
2708:
2703:
2702:
2698:
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2638:
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2389:Brewer, p. 42
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2308:Wicken, p. 83
2305:
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2299:Wicken, p. 81
2296:
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2284:
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2269:
2266:
2263:Tetley, p. 41
2260:
2257:
2254:Tetley, p. 25
2251:
2248:
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2239:
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2224:
2221:
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2212:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:Guinn, p. 197
2104:
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2023:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
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1969:
1963:
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1624:(B11): 2548.
1623:
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1443:
1440:
1428:. ACME Mapper
1427:
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1394:
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1184:
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1177:Sierra Nevada
1174:
1170:
1166:
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1139:
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1134:incense cedar
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1123:
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1111:
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1004:
1002:
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994:
988:
985:
981:
972:
968:
965:
961:
956:
954:
953:Big Bear Lake
946:
944:
941:
937:
932:
927:
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921:
913:
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904:
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804:
795:
793:
791:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
758:
753:
751:
749:
745:
744:alluvial fans
741:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
704:
697:
695:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Orange County
673:
672:Pacific Ocean
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:Big Bear City
649:
648:Big Bear Lake
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
547:
546:Charlton Peak
544:
543:
539:
536:
534:
533:Anderson Peak
531:
530:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
497:
495:
494:Big Draw Peak
492:
491:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
451:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
427:
423:
422:Mojave Desert
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
369:
366:
362:
358:
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283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
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254:
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221:
219:
215:
212:
211:Big Bear Lake
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:United States
163:
159:
154:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
109:
81:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4283:Redlands USD
4180:Wigwam Motel
3868:
3863:
3755:
3746:Perris Plain
3675:Indian Wells
3632:Yucca Valley
3592:Home Gardens
3504:Palm Springs
3409:Apple Valley
3229:Palm Springs
3221:Banning Pass
3163:
3126:Yucca Valley
3014:
2998:
2979:
2960:
2941:
2921:
2901:
2882:
2863:
2842:
2821:
2802:
2783:
2774:
2755:
2745:
2725:
2706:
2685:. Retrieved
2678:the original
2665:
2660:Keller, p. 9
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2632:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
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2290:Wicken, p. 7
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2218:Keller, p. 7
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2133:
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2042:Weber, p. 50
2038:
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2020:Roe, Cheri.
2015:
2006:
1997:
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1939:
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1473:Hall, p. 207
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1342:
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1306:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1258:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1150:
1130:Jeffrey pine
1115:
1082:flash floods
1079:
1055:
1030:
1015:
989:
977:
957:
950:
929:Prospectors
928:
917:
896:Baldwin Lake
877:
866:
856:
852:
842:
823:
799:
786:
762:
740:fault blocks
737:
709:
692:
688:Mojave River
640:Yucca Valley
629:
625:Grand Canyon
614:
572:Shields Peak
520:Dragons Head
434:
387:
370:
359:
352:
327:
325:
310:Type of rock
258:Parent range
240:34.2°N 117°W
29:
3736:High Desert
3680:Joshua Tree
3622:Valle Vista
3607:Mead Valley
3577:Canyon Lake
3562:Bloomington
3519:San Jacinto
3499:Palm Desert
3439:Chino Hills
3386:Victorville
2699:Works cited
2687:January 29,
2643:January 29,
2613:January 29,
2587:January 29,
2556:January 29,
2527:January 29,
2498:January 29,
2468:January 29,
2439:January 29,
2410:January 29,
2379:(4): 49–50.
2356:January 29,
2204:January 29,
2182:January 29,
2147:January 29,
2066:January 29,
2028:January 29,
1978:January 29,
1952:January 29,
1929:January 28,
1904:January 28,
1882:January 28,
1859:January 28,
1837:January 28,
1790:January 28,
1659:January 28,
1594:January 28,
1571:January 28,
1549:January 28,
1516:January 28,
1459:January 28,
1432:January 28,
1399:January 28,
1370:January 28,
1323:January 29,
1287:January 28,
1260:January 29,
1173:Black bears
1146:cottonwoods
1126:yellow pine
993:Snow Summit
868:Californios
807:Pedro Fages
790:Mojave Road
748:groundwater
732:Pleistocene
598:Alto Diablo
481:Jepson Peak
319:sedimentary
315:Fault-block
294:Age of rock
243: /
191:Settlements
103: /
91:116°49′29″W
78:Coordinates
4333:Categories
4266:Rialto USD
4249:Pacific HS
3974:Blair Park
3705:Wrightwood
3660:El Cerrito
3602:Loma Linda
3153:Cajon Pass
1711:10220/8430
1646:10220/8466
1227:References
1118:sky island
1106:check dams
1077:of power.
1034:City Creek
1001:snowmaking
940:stamp mill
912:Mill Creek
863:Mill Creek
853:asistencia
781:Chemehuevi
686:, and the
684:Salton Sea
668:headwaters
617:Bear Creek
448:Elevation
390:Cajon Pass
303:Quaternary
270:Borders on
245:34.2; -117
172:California
116:Dimensions
88:34°05′57″N
4271:Rialto HS
4189:Education
4040:Omnitrans
4004:Verdemont
3908:Kaawchama
3670:Highgrove
3643:under 10k
3627:Woodcrest
3582:Crestline
3489:Montclair
3479:La Quinta
3444:Coachella
3308:Riverside
3287:Riverside
1755:129920403
1680:Tectonics
1122:chaparral
980:Crestline
888:Riverside
843:In 1819,
656:Crestline
199:Crestline
185:Riverside
145:Geography
68:Elevation
4239:Cajon HS
3989:Downtown
3984:Del Rosa
3928:Old Fire
3903:Timeline
3695:Romoland
3665:Oak Glen
3572:Calimesa
3534:Wildomar
3514:Redlands
3469:Highland
3459:Eastvale
3424:Beaumont
3404:Adelanto
3397:25k–100k
3381:Temecula
3361:Murrieta
3341:Hesperia
3280:Counties
3108:Hesperia
3042:Archived
2864:Big Bear
2488:OC Flood
2326:(14): 5.
1205:See also
1036:Canyon (
858:estancia
803:missions
773:Cahuilla
750:basins.
644:Hesperia
632:Redlands
376:and the
231:117°00′W
177:Counties
4317:defunct
4117:defunct
3895:History
3870:The Sun
3714:Regions
3690:Needles
3685:Mentone
3655:Cabazon
3550:10k–25k
3539:Yucaipa
3419:Barstow
3414:Banning
3366:Ontario
3351:Menifee
3336:Fontana
3212:Yucaipa
1735:Bibcode
1688:Bibcode
1626:Bibcode
1179:by the
1142:willows
777:Serrano
754:History
728:Miocene
720:Pacific
698:Geology
636:Yucaipa
602:10,563
589:10,649
576:10,680
563:10,691
550:10,806
537:10,840
524:10,866
511:10,997
498:11,171
485:11,205
472:11,503
361:Spanish
299:Miocene
288:Geology
228:34°12′N
161:Country
4296:Sports
4196:Higher
3979:Devore
3847:Topics
3612:Muscoy
3567:Blythe
3529:Upland
3509:Perris
3449:Colton
3376:Rialto
3331:Corona
3122:CA 247
3021:
2986:
2967:
2948:
2929:
2908:
2889:
2870:
2851:
2828:
2809:
2790:
2762:
2732:
2713:
1878:. KCET
1753:
1167:, and
1138:alders
1038:SR 330
920:Mormon
892:Mohave
884:rancho
871:under
769:Tongva
605:3,220
592:3,246
579:3,260
566:3,259
553:3,294
540:3,300
527:3,312
514:3,352
501:3,405
488:3,415
475:3,506
348:skiing
121:Length
4020:Arrow
3957:Areas
3494:Norco
3474:Indio
3464:Hemet
3434:Chino
3324:100k+
3203:I-210
3175:CA 62
2681:(PDF)
2674:(PDF)
2546:(PDF)
2517:(PDF)
2458:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2141:(PDF)
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1784:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1751:S2CID
1653:(PDF)
1614:(PDF)
1539:(PDF)
1506:(PDF)
1389:(PDF)
1042:SR 38
445:Peak
396:– to
169:State
129:Width
4222:K-12
3208:I-10
3149:I-15
3019:ISBN
2984:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2887:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2849:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2807:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2730:ISBN
2711:ISBN
2689:2012
2645:2012
2615:2012
2589:2012
2558:2012
2529:2012
2500:2012
2470:2012
2441:2012
2412:2012
2358:2012
2206:2012
2184:2012
2149:2012
2068:2012
2030:2012
1980:2012
1954:2012
1931:2012
1906:2012
1884:2012
1861:2012
1839:2012
1792:2012
1661:2012
1596:2012
1573:2012
1551:2012
1518:2012
1461:2012
1434:2012
1401:2012
1372:2012
1325:2012
1289:2012
1262:2012
1144:and
1104:and
995:and
982:and
910:The
779:and
718:and
662:and
634:and
326:The
317:and
301:and
280:and
209:and
183:and
137:Area
57:Peak
4045:sbX
1743:doi
1706:hdl
1696:doi
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1634:doi
1622:108
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