2454:, who has lived with the famous tongue-clicking hunter-gatherers said, 'In the 1970s the name "San" spread in Europe and America because it seemed to be politically correct, while 'Bushmen' sounded derogatory and sexist.' Unfortunately, the hunter-gatherers never actually had a collective name for themselves in any of their own languages. 'San' was actually the insulting word that the herding Khoi people called the Bushmen. Harpending noted, 'The problem was that in the Kalahari, "San" has all the baggage that the "N-word" has in America. Bushmen kids are graduating from school, reading the academic literature, and are outraged that we call them "San." one did not call someone a San to his face. I continued to use Bushman, and I was publicly corrected several times by the righteous. It quickly became a badge among Western academics: If you say "San" and I say "San," then we signal each other that we are on the fashionable side, politically. It had nothing to do with respect. I think most politically correct talk follows these dynamics.'"
437:
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1805:
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709:
282:
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1196:
124:
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54:
1178:
849:, which uses the same set of terms as in European cultures but adds a name rule and an age rule for determining what terms to use. The age rule resolves any confusion arising from kinship terms, as the older of two people always decides what to call the younger. Relatively few names circulate (approximately 35 names per sex), and each child is named after a grandparent or another relative, but never their parents.
1128:. The government of Botswana decided to relocate all of those living within the reserve to settlements outside it. Harassment of residents, dismantling of infrastructure, and bans on hunting appear to have been used to induce residents to leave. The government has denied that any of the relocation was forced. A legal battle followed. The relocation policy may have been intended to facilitate diamond mining by
2281:"Objectively speaking and taking into account the context in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman' and the evidence of the San Council witness, I find that the usage of the word did not cause harm, hostility or hatred. Instead, the San Council's representative was adamant that no hurt or harm was caused to them or the San community with the manner in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman'."
160:
88:
106:
142:
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1108:), was conquered during colonization. Loss of land and access to natural resources continued after Botswana's independence. The San have been particularly affected by encroachment by majority peoples and non-indigenous farmers onto their traditional land. Government policies from the 1970s transferred a significant area of traditionally San land to majority
768:, completed in 2009, found that the genetic diversity of the San was among the top five of all 121 sampled populations. Certain San groups are one of 14 known extant "ancestral population clusters"; that is, "groups of populations with common genetic ancestry, who share ethnicity and similarities in both their culture and the properties of their languages".
818:
1606:), Matthews recalls hearing the music of the San and, upon asking his guide what the words to their songs were, being told that "there are no words to these songs, because these songs, we've been singing since before people had words." He goes on to describe the song as his "homage to meeting... the most advanced people on the planet."
751:
tried to "civilize" the San and make them adopt a more agricultural lifestyle, but were not successful. By the 1870s, the last San of the Cape were hunted to extinction, while other San were able to survive. The South
African government used to issue licenses for people to hunt the San, with the last
2058:
the term 'San' comes from the Haiǁom language and has been abbreviated in the following way ... Saa – Picking things up (food) from the ground (i.e. 'gathering'), Saab – A male person gathering, Saas – A female person gathering, Saan – Many people gathering, San – One way to write 'all of the people
891:
Villages range in sturdiness from nightly rain shelters in the warm spring (when people move constantly in search of budding greens), to formalized rings, wherein people congregate in the dry season around permanent waterholes. Early spring is the hardest season: a hot dry period following the cool,
985:
Historical evidence shows that certain San communities have always lived in the desert regions of the
Kalahari; however, eventually nearly all other San communities in southern Africa were forced into this region. The Kalahari San remained in poverty where their richer neighbours denied them rights
899:
eggs are gathered, and the empty shells are used as water containers. Insects provide perhaps 10% of animal proteins consumed, most often during the dry season. Depending on location, the San consume 18 to 104 species, including grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, moths, butterflies, and termites.
1160:
plant, p57 (glycoside), to be used as a pharmaceutical drug for dieting. Once this patent was brought to the attention of the San, a benefit-sharing agreement was reached between them and the CSIR in 2003. This would award royalties to the San for the benefits of their indigenous knowledge. During
3019:
Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A.; Bodo, J. -M.; Doumbo, O.; Ibrahim, M.; Juma, A. T.; Kotze, M. J.; Lema, G.; Moore, J. H.; Mortensen, H.; Nyambo, T. B.; Omar, S. A.; Powell, K.; Pretorius, G. S.; Smith, M. W.;
1164:
This benefit-sharing agreement is one of the first to give royalties to the holders of traditional knowledge used for drug sales. The terms of the agreement are contentious, because of their apparent lack of adherence to the Bonn
Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing, as
852:
Children have no social duties besides playing, and leisure is very important to San of all ages. Large amounts of time are spent in conversation, joking, music, and sacred dances. Women may be leaders of their own family groups. They may also make important family and group decisions and claim
1274:
Van der Post's work brought indigenous
African cultures to millions of people around the world for the first time, but some people disparaged it as part of the subjective view of a European in the 1950s and 1960s, stating that he branded the San as simple "children of Nature" or even "mystical
1235:
to go to the
Kalahari desert with a film crew in search of the San. The filmed material was turned into a very popular six-part television documentary a year later. Driven by a lifelong fascination with this "vanished tribe," Van der Post published a 1958 book about this expedition, entitled
2070:"The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men,
581:
was used generally by the people themselves. The adoption of the term was preceded by a number of meetings held in the 1990s where delegates debated on the adoption of a collective term. These meetings included the Common Access to
Development Conference organized by the
1762:, the San hero, David Mungo Booi, is tasked by his fellow tribesmen with asking the Queen for the protection once promised, and to evaluate the possibility of creating a colony on the island. He discovered England in the manner of 19th century Western explorers.
719:
The hunter-gatherer San are among the oldest cultures on Earth, and are thought to be descended from the first inhabitants of what is now
Botswana and South Africa. The historical presence of the San in Botswana is particularly evident in northern Botswana's
1584:
bottle). By the time this movie was made, the ǃKung had recently been forced into sedentary villages, and the San hired as actors were confused by the instructions to act out inaccurate exaggerations of their almost abandoned hunting and gathering life.
1054:
A DNA study of fully sequenced genomes, published in
September 2016, showed that the ancestors of today's San hunter-gatherers began to diverge from other human populations in Africa about 200,000 years ago and were fully isolated by 100,000 years ago.
3602:
856:
Water is important in San life. During long droughts, they make use of sip wells in order to collect water. To make a sip well, a San scrapes a deep hole where the sand is damp, and inserts a long hollow grass stem into the hole. An empty
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features a small boy, stranded in the desert, who encounters a group of wandering San. They help him and then abandon him as a result of a misunderstanding created by the lack of a common language and culture. The film was directed by
1708:
series of novels features a South
African San named ǃXabbu, whom Williams confesses to be highly fictionalized, and not necessarily an accurate representation. In the novel, Williams invokes aspects of San mythology and culture.
826:
391:
meaning "foragers" and is used in a derogatory manner to describe people too poor to have cattle. Based on observation of lifestyle, this term has been applied to speakers of three distinct language families living between the
2041:
1401:
This film, the account of a woman who grew up while the San lived as autonomous hunter-gatherers, but who later was forced into a dependent life in the government-created community at
Tsumkwe, shows how the lives of the
494:
1541:, whose PhD was entitled "Believing and Seeing: Symbolic meanings in southern San rock paintings". Lewis-Williams draws parallels with prehistoric art around the world, linking in shamanic ritual and trance states.
1050:
A 2008 study suggested that the San may have been isolated from other original ancestral groups for as much as 50,000 to 100,000 years and later rejoined, re-integrating into the rest of the human gene pool.
755:
From the 1950s through to the 1990s, San communities switched to farming because of government-mandated modernization programs. Despite the lifestyle changes, they have provided a wealth of information in
436:
2385:
Statement by delegates of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) and the South African San Institute attending the 2003 Africa Human Genome Initiative conference held in
892:
dry winter. Most plants still are dead or dormant, and supplies of autumn nuts are exhausted. Meat is particularly important in the dry months when wildlife cannot range far from the receding waters.
1161:
the case, the San people were represented and assisted by the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA), the South African San Council and the South African San Institute.
1283:
on behalf of the aboriginal San addressing the international community and calling on the governments throughout Southern Africa to respect and reconstitute the ancestral land-rights of all San.
2564:
was chosen as an inclusive group name for this report, since WIMSA representatives have decided to use it until such time as one representative name for all groups will be accepted by all.
3509:
Tishkoff, S. A.; Gonder, M. K.; Henn, B. M.; Mortensen, H.; Knight, A.; Gignoux, C.; Fernandopulle, N.; Lema, G.; Nyambo, T. B.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reed, F. A.; Mountain, J. L. (2007).
551:
in Western anthropology dates to the 1970s, and this remains the standard term in English-language ethnographic literature, although some authors later switched back to using the name
4969:
3726:
2045:
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communities in Botswana, many have spoken of a consistent sense of exclusion from government decision-making processes, and many San and Bakgalagadi have alleged experiencing
4516:
1653:, are about a white boy encountering a wandering San and his wife, and how the San's life and survival skills save the white teenagers' lives in a journey across the desert.
4659:
3316:
Knight, Alec; Underhill, Peter A.; Mortensen, Holly M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Lin, Alice A.; Henn, Brenna M.; Louis, Dorothy; Ruhlen, Merritt; Mountain, Joanna L. (2003).
4341:
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and San peoples lost their lives as a result of genocide, murder, physical mistreatment, and disease. There were cases of “Bushman hunting” in which commandos (mobile
590:
in 1993, the 1996 inaugural Annual General Meeting of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) held in Namibia, and a 1997 conference in
540:, etc. Representatives of San peoples in 2003 stated their preference for the use of such individual group names, where possible, over the use of the collective term
5618:
1149:
982:
In 2006, what is thought to be the world's oldest ritual is interpreted as evidence which would make the San culture the oldest still practiced culture today.
2450:"The fashion of renaming the Bushmen of Southwestern Africa as the 'San' exemplifies many of the problems with the name game. University of Utah anthropologist
1630:, he mentions his time spent with the San for an assignment. His title comes from the San's belief that a solar eclipse occurs when a crocodile eats the sun.
1024:
branches in the human mitochondrial DNA tree. This DNA is inherited only from one's mother. The most divergent (earliest branching) mitochondrial haplogroup,
3221:
4962:
1686:), the San people are portrayed through two major characters, O'wa and H'ani; Smith describes the San's struggles, history, and beliefs in great detail.
3550:
Schlebusch, Carina M.; Naidoo, Thijessen; Soodyall, Himla (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa".
2463:"Schapera is the author of the convenient term Khoisan, compounded of the Hottentot's name for themselves (Khoi) and their name for the Bushmen (San)."
1389:
wrote several books and numerous articles about the San, based in part on her experiences living with these people when their culture was still intact.
497:. The San Council testified that it had no objection to its use in a positive context, and the court ruled that the use of the term was not derogatory.
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2372:
1929:
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is used to collect the water. Water is sucked into the straw from the sand, into the mouth, and then travels down another straw into the ostrich egg.
1231:. Van der Post grew up in South Africa, and had a respectful lifelong fascination with native African cultures. In 1955, he was commissioned by the
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2611:
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published in 2006, are two of them. John Marshall and Adrienne Miesmer documented the lives of the ǃKung San people between the 1950s and 1978 in
732:, and edible plants. Peoples related to or similar to the San occupied the southern shores throughout the eastern shrubland and may have formed a
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4652:
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1496:
1409:
South African film-maker Richard Wicksteed has produced a number of documentaries on San culture, history and present situation; these include
561:
is used to refer to the pastoralist Khoi and the foraging San collectively. It was coined by Leonhard Schulze in the 1920s and popularized by
4334:
3779:
3180:
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1736:
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that are 14,000 years old. Because of their similarities, the San works may illustrate the reasons for ancient cave paintings. The presenter
1720:. One of the main characters, a small San boy named ǃKoga, uses traditional methods to help the character Max Gordon travel across Namibia.
1124:. Loss of land is a major contributor to the problems facing Botswana's indigenous people, including especially the San's eviction from the
285:
Map of modern distribution of "Khoisan" languages. The territories shaded blue and green, and those to their east, are those of San peoples.
3983:
2123:
Ouzman, Sven (2004). "Silencing and Sharing Southern Africa Indigenous and Embedded Knowledge". In Smith, Claire; Wobst, H. Martin (eds.).
479:, is still used by others and to self-identify, but is now considered pejorative or derogatory by many South Africans. In 2008, the use of
3409:
Naidoo, Thijessen; Schlebusch, Carina M; Makkan, Heeran; Patel, Pareen; Mahabeer, Rajeshree; Erasmus, Johannes C; Soodyall, Himla (2010).
3200:
for insect use in medicine, poison for arrows etc. Also page 188 regarding Kaggen, the Praying Mantis trickster deity who created the moon
747:
By the end of the 18th century after the arrival of the Dutch, thousands of San had been killed and forced to work for the colonists. The
5613:
5372:
1516:
through harsh desert conditions. It provides an illustration of how early man may have pursued and captured prey with minimal weaponry.
1491:
documentary based on the book follows these markers throughout the world, demonstrating that all of humankind can be traced back to the
1406:, who lived for millennia as hunter gatherers, were forever changed when they were forced onto a reservation too small to support them.
1247:
a narrative which he admits in the introduction uses two previous works of stories and mythology as "a sort of Stone Age Bible," namely
1064:
853:
ownership of water holes and foraging areas. Women are mainly involved in the gathering of food, but sometimes also partake in hunting.
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952:
5608:
5593:
4502:
4256:
4242:
3771:
Forced Evictions-- Towards Solutions?: Second Report of the Advisory Group on Forced Evictions to the Executive Director of UN-HABITAT
1166:
1021:
2180:
Guenther, Mathias (2006). "Contemporary Bushman Art, Identity Politics, and the Primitivism Discourse". In Solway, Jacqueline (ed.).
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4182:
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4140:
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2538:
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2272:
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2218:
2191:
2164:
2134:
2025:
1991:
1344:
999:
780:
2997:
3296:
2935:
5588:
4327:
371:
In 2017, Botswana was home to approximately 63,500 San, making it the country with the highest proportion of San people at 2.8%.
1804:
5542:
5386:
3282:
2441:
1683:
1326:
1307:
1043:, were the most genetically diverse of any living humans studied. This high degree of genetic diversity hints at the origin of
4931:
2299:
595:
4986:
4978:
3460:
Chen, Yu-Sheng; Olckers, Antonel; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (2000).
1430:
1249:
1125:
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606:. The "South African San Council" representing San communities in South Africa was established as part of WIMSA in 2001.
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1875:
603:
306:
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of Southern Africa, from 1951 to 2000. Marshall was a vocal proponent of the San cause throughout his life. His sister
5522:
4052:"Download How Art Made the World (Hardback) - Common ePub eBook @6B3B522E7DEEE17DDA23E86C6926E2F6.NMCOBERTURAS.COM.BR"
3411:"Development of a single base extension method to resolve Y chromosome haplogroups in sub-Saharan African populations"
1755:
1468:
1669:
centered on South Africa. The first section of the book concerns a San community's journey set roughly in 13,000 BC.
1169:(CBD). The San have yet to profit from this agreement, as P57 has still not yet been legally developed and marketed.
1081:
In 1652, when Europeans established a full-time presence in Southern Africa, there were some 300,000 San and 600,000
5552:
5314:
4921:
3965:
1044:
708:
5537:
5339:
4541:
4525:
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3462:"MtDNA Variation in the South African Kung and Khwe—and Their Genetic Relationships to Other African Populations"
3218:
1386:
869:
5406:
5396:
4456:
4226:
1441:
1322:
440:
Portrait of a bushman. Alfred Duggan-Cronin. South Africa, early 20th century. The Wellcome Collection, London.
31:
4237:
San Spirituality: Roots, Expression,(2004) and Social Consequences, J. David Lewis-Williams, David G. Pearce,
3261:
https://www.world-archaeology.com/world/africa/botswana/ritual-organised-activity-identified-as-worlds-oldest/
4206:
3919:, Documentary Educational Resources (Firm), Public Broadcasting Associates, Documentary Educational Resources
3365:
Hammer, MF; Karafet, TM; Redd, AJ; Jarjanazi, H; Santachiara-Benerecetti, S; Soodyall, H; Zegura, SL (2001).
1576:
which proved to be an international hit. This comedy portrays a Kalahari San group's first encounter with an
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In a study published in March 2011, Brenna Henn and colleagues found that the ǂKhomani San, as well as the
352:
language families, and can be defined as a people only in contrast to neighboring pastoralists such as the
5527:
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5367:
5357:
1723:
1571:
1521:
217:
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A set of tools almost identical to that used by the modern San and dating to 42,000 BC was discovered at
5464:
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3769:
3511:"History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation"
2890:
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series, Mr. J. L. B. Matekoni, adopts two orphaned San children, sister and brother Motholeli and Puso.
1713:
1623:
1597:
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to the land. Before long, in both Botswana and Namibia, they found their territory drastically reduced.
964:
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Women gather fruit, berries, tubers, bush onions, and other plant materials for the band's consumption.
796:
776:
467:"Bushmen" is the older cover term, but "San" was widely adopted in the West by the late 1990s. The term
3199:
728:, moving seasonally within certain defined areas based on the availability of resources such as water,
448:. The San have no collective word for themselves in their own languages. "San" comes from a derogatory
281:
3594:
903:
Women's traditional gathering gear is simple and effective: a hide sling, a blanket, a cloak called a
876:, based on giving each other gifts regularly rather than on trading or purchasing goods and services.
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5391:
5347:
5306:
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4027:"How Art Made the World. Episodes . The Day Pictures Were Born. The San People of South Africa | PBS"
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1900:
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1538:
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1007:
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583:
397:
4279:
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1976:"The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana"
907:
to carry foodstuffs, firewood, smaller bags, a digging stick, and perhaps, a smaller version of the
5578:
5294:
4551:
4446:
4007:
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1696:
features an encampment of Basarwa near the (imaginary) Botswana town where the main action is set.
1549:
1504:
1472:
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652:
365:
197:
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prefixes used for disreputable people and animals, is offensive and was changed at independence.
445:
4026:
3318:"African Y Chromosome and mtDNA Divergence Provides Insight into the History of Click Languages"
3078:
1425:(2009), which covers the history and situation of San communities in southern Africa today; and
771:
Despite some positive aspects of government development programs reported by members of San and
4051:
2530:
Haiom in the Etosha region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation
1508:(2003) series includes video footage of an indigenous San of the Kalahari desert undertaking a
1366:
845:
reflects their history as traditionally small mobile foraging bands. San kinship is similar to
5008:
4676:
4252:
4238:
4178:
4159:
4136:
4106:
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3775:
3742:
3635:
3567:
3532:
3491:
3442:
3391:
3339:
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More on Kaggen, who might sabotage a hunt by transforming into a louse and biting the hunter:
3176:
3059:
2914:
2854:
2827:
2676:
2646:
2639:; Chennells, Roger (2009). "Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case".
2534:
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2422:
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2241:
2214:
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2021:
1987:
1890:
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1101:
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883:, but if a hunter is able to obtain enough food, he can afford to have a second wife as well.
765:
741:
537:
461:
428:, who are the last remnant of the previously extensive indigenous peoples of southern Africa.
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185:
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https://damienmarieathope.com/2017/03/stone-snake-of-south-africa-first-human-worship-70000/
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2086:
to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the
1727:
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1227:
were first brought to the globalized world's attention in the 1950s by South African author
1109:
517:
513:
193:
2583:"San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa"
2237:
Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community
1085:
in Southern Africa. During the early phases of European colonization, tens of thousands of
577:
is perceived as a pejorative in parts of the central Kalahari. By the late 1990s, the term
509:
58:
4908:
4885:
4772:
4581:
4451:
3969:
3386:
3300:
3237:
3225:
1880:
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4391:
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1851:
1403:
501:
3686:
3595:"Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans"
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2982:
2408:
1596:
was written as an evocation of the music and culture of the San. In a story told to the
1195:
1152:(CSIR) in 1998, for its presumed appetite suppressing quality. A licence was granted to
693:
refers to any foraging tribesmen and as such overlaps with the terminology used for the
5439:
5378:
5362:
5158:
4898:
4866:
4576:
4561:
4441:
4416:
4314:
4194:"The myth of ritual origins? Ethnography, mythology and interpretation of San rock art"
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3768:
Advisory Group on Forced Evictions, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2007).
3630:
3486:
3461:
3437:
3410:
3366:
3293:
3054:
3021:
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2910:
The First Ethiopians: The image of Africa and Africans in the early Mediterranean world
2667:
2636:
2556:"Torn Apart – A Report on the Educational Situation of San Children in Southern Africa"
1834:
1693:
1609:
1450:
1362:
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842:
748:
656:
562:
533:
393:
341:
181:
53:
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1177:
787:, people in Botswana in 2013 as the "principal human rights concern" of that country.
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4102:
3913:
N!ai; Marshall, John; Marshall-Cabezas, Sue; Miesner, Adrienne; Mbulu, Letta (2004),
1975:
1895:
1863:
1458:
1259:
1255:
1117:
1116:
settlers Much of the government's policy regarding land tended to favor the dominant
1028:, has been identified at its highest frequencies in the southern African San groups.
1025:
976:
919:
846:
721:
521:
380:
357:
345:
269:
241:
189:
3853:
3579:
3351:
1276:
5517:
5237:
5137:
5117:
5096:
5089:
5068:
5048:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5013:
5003:
4995:
4762:
4596:
4536:
4478:
4406:
4386:
4381:
4294:
3100:
2386:
1997:
1699:
1673:
1534:
1189:
1129:
1113:
1090:
1036:
995:
958:
931:
927:
873:
865:
804:
800:
757:
729:
725:
697:
686:
678:
425:
334:
257:
249:
245:
213:
129:
4299:
1020:
studies also provide evidence that the San carry high frequencies of the earliest
3887:
2821:
2640:
2528:
2484:
2312:
2235:
2208:
2181:
2154:
2124:
2015:
864:
Traditionally, the San were an egalitarian society. Although they had hereditary
5444:
5289:
5145:
5130:
5123:
5083:
5061:
4947:
4856:
4825:
4693:
4626:
4586:
4571:
4473:
4401:
2642:
Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Benefit Sharing Lessons from the San-Hoodia case
1689:
1530:
1121:
998:
studies show that the San carry some of the most divergent (earliest branching)
972:
858:
772:
273:
265:
253:
3603:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
621:) word meaning "those who do not rear cattle", that is, equivalent to Khoekhoe
5332:
5319:
4820:
4815:
4546:
4002:
2560:
Although the people are also known by the names Bushmen and Basarwa, the term
1910:
1793:
1483:
were the first ones to split from those of the ancestors of the bulk of other
1263:
1153:
940:
872:, with women treated as relative equals in decision making. San economy was a
489:
4289:
5431:
4916:
4810:
4494:
4431:
3872:
3738:
3620:
3527:
3510:
3045:
2745:
2723:
2555:
1983:
1704:
1581:
1566:
1185:
914:
Men, and presumably women when they accompany them, hunt in long, laborious
591:
484:
361:
233:
201:
4721:
4637:
4081:
Documentary Educational Resources and Public Broadcasting Associates, 1980.
3639:
3571:
3563:
3536:
3495:
3446:
3395:
3343:
3063:
2796:
ZOONIMIA HISTÓRICO-COMPARATIVA BANTU: Os Cinco Grandes Herbívoros Africanos
2426:
1817:
1455:
who said that the film "constitutes an act of preservation and a requiem."
833:
602:
is now standard in South African, and used officially in the blazon of the
525:
452:
word used to refer to foragers without cattle or other wealth, from a root
17:
4319:
3427:
868:, their authority was limited. The San made decisions among themselves by
809:
5284:
5257:
5038:
4830:
4731:
4685:
4468:
4175:
Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers: Studies of the ǃKung San & Their Neighbors
1960:
1905:
1731:
1476:
1224:
1204:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1040:
880:
761:
694:
670:
587:
529:
449:
417:
353:
326:
310:
229:
165:
93:
3962:
3854:"The Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing"
2768:
1421:(2002) on the murder of San tracker Optel Rooi by South African police;
5054:
4361:
1930:"Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival"
1885:
1370:
896:
817:
737:
733:
557:
409:
401:
330:
314:
237:
111:
62:
27:
Members of various indigenous hunter-gatherer people of Southern Africa
4304:
4207:"Offerings to a Stone Snake Provide the Earliest Evidence of Religion"
3822:
617:) is used for the San collectively in Botswana. The term is a Bantu (
5075:
4893:
4805:
3022:"The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"
2129:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. p. 209.
1589:
1200:
908:
413:
405:
388:
322:
318:
147:
2417:
2392:
825:
3712:"A Single Migration From Africa Populated the World, Studies Find'"
3477:
1600:
audience (an edited version of which appears on the DVD version of
1104:'s land in Botswana, including land occupied by the San people (or
5325:
4787:
4483:
4309:
3271:
2802:(in Portuguese), Utrecht, Netherlands: Rhino Resource Center, 2013
1803:
1608:
1548:
1209:
1194:
1176:
1068:
951:
935:
923:
832:
824:
816:
808:
707:
435:
280:
4269:
3020:
Thera, M. A.; Wambebe, C.; Weber, J. L.; Williams, S. M. (2009).
2896:(Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2.
1743:
The San feature in several of the novels by Michael Stanley (the
500:
The San refer to themselves as their individual nations, such as
4227:"African Hunter-Gatherers Are Offshoots of Earliest Human Split"
3861:
Review of European Community and International Environmental Law
2314:
The Bushmen of Southern Africa: A Foraging Society in Transition
1513:
1275:
ecologists." In 1992 by John Perrot and team published the book
356:
and descendants of more recent waves of immigration such as the
4951:
4641:
4498:
4323:
2669:
Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa
2210:
McBride of Frankenmanto: The Return of the South African Insult
1417:(1995) on the San cultural legacy in the southern Drakensberg;
594:
on "Khoisan Identities and Cultural Heritage" organized by the
4782:
4621:
4436:
3593:
Henn, Brenna; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Jobin, Matthew (2011).
3367:"Hierarchical patterns of global human Y-chromosome diversity"
3250:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061130081347.htm
2993:
1488:
1290:
1232:
664:
2823:
Representing Bushmen: South Africa and the Origin of Language
2393:"Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study"
1734:, the capital of Botswana. The fiancé of the protagonist of
1429:(2009) on the San's epic land rights struggle in Botswana's
1381:(2002) is a series documenting 50 years in the lives of the
2826:. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 3.
2082:, the Sonqua of the Cape Records We should apply the term
1002:. These haplogroups are specific sub-groups of haplogroups
4274:
2891:
Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana
2126:
Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice
1373:
over a period spanning more than 50-years. His early film
340:
The San speak, or their ancestors spoke, languages of the
4284:
3727:"Genocide of Khoekhoe and San Peoples of Southern Africa"
2533:. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. pp. 300–302.
4305:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs – Africa
2262:"Use of the word 'boesman' not hate speech, court finds"
1280:
3655:"Gene Study Challenges Human Origins in Eastern Africa"
1747:
of Michael Sears and Stanley Trollip), particularly in
1314:
309:
of the region. Their recent ancestral territories span
3206:
Tricksters and Trancers: Bushman Religion and Society.
2744:. The Botswana Centre for Human Rights. Archived from
1010:, the two earliest branches on the human Y-chromosome
4290:
Bradshaw Foundation – The San Bushmen of South Africa
4131:
The Bushman Myth: The Making of a Namibian Underclass
3714:. New York Times, by Zimmer, Karl. 21 September 2016.
3196:
Brian Morris (2005). Insects and Human Life, pp39-40.
2612:"Africa's Bushmen May Get Rich From Diet-Drug Secret"
1974:
Hitchcock, Robert K.; Sapignoli, Maria (8 May 2019).
1148:, used by the San, was patented by the South African
4056:
6b3b522e7deee17dda23e86c6926e2f6.nmcoberturas.com.br
3219:"How San hunters use beetles to poison their arrows"
2936:"Southern Africa's hunter-gatherers seek a foothold"
1978:. In Fleming, Christopher; Manning, Matthew (eds.).
1325:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
5510:
5463:
5430:
5305:
5256:
5236:
5184:
5108:
4994:
4985:
4907:
4884:
4844:
4796:
4753:
4744:
4707:
4684:
4675:
3095:
3093:
2675:. Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre. pp. 3–4.
2631:
2629:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2292:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers
2183:
The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice
1613:
Rock engraving of a giraffe in Twyfelfontein valley
223:
207:
174:
156:
138:
120:
102:
84:
79:
69:
4128:
1156:, for development of the active ingredient in the
2769:"Botswana historical place names and terminology"
2698:"Bushmen Driven From Ancestral Lands in Botswana"
2290:Lee, Richard B. and Daly, Richard Heywood (1999)
783:described ongoing discrimination against San, or
383:, the term "San" has a long vowel and is spelled
3938:"Reflecting on N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman"
3725:Hitchcock, Robert K.; Babchuk, Wayne A. (2017),
3238:Earliest' evidence of modern human culture found
2489:(Fourth ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 9.
1808:A photograph of !Kweiten-ta ken when she was in
752:one being reportedly issued in Namibia in 1936.
632:prefixes are used for people; the older variant
2961:"World's most ancient race traced in DNA study"
2558:. Kuru Development Trust and WIMSA. p. 2.
2159:. Claremont: New Africa Books. pp. 23–24.
2108:Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi
2527:Dieckmann, Ute (2007). "Shifting Identities".
2186:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 181–182.
1569:, who returned to the San a decade later with
1553:Rock painting of a man in Twyfelfontein valley
1150:Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
444:The designations "Bushmen" and "San" are both
30:"Bushmen" redirects here. For other uses, see
4963:
4653:
4510:
4335:
3963:"Notes on 'Nǃai: The Story of a ǃKung Woman'"
3077:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.
1499:, the so-called "out of Africa" hypothesis).
643:In Angola, they are sometimes referred to as
8:
4275:ǃKhwa ttu – San Education and Culture Centre
3796:"Botswana's bushmen get Kalahari lands back"
2847:Anton, Donald K.; Shelton, Dinah L. (2011).
2515:ǃKhwa ttu – San Education and Culture Centre
2342:"San, Bushmen or Basarwa: What's in a name?"
713:Bush-Men Hottentots armed for an Expedition,
42:
3101:"San - Bushmen - Kalahari, South Africa..."
2853:. Cambridge University Press. p. 640.
2775:. University of Botswana History Department
2605:
2603:
2442:"Feature: Name game – 'Inuit' or 'Eskimo'?"
2213:. Johannesburg: 30° South. pp. 18–19.
473:
301:, are the members of any of the indigenous
4991:
4970:
4956:
4948:
4750:
4681:
4660:
4646:
4638:
4517:
4503:
4495:
4342:
4328:
4320:
3982:Van Gelder, Lawrence (29 September 2000).
3827:The Journal of World Intellectual Property
2738:"Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples"
2317:. Cape Town: New Africa Books. p. 2.
2148:
2146:
1980:Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Wellbeing
573:, as it has been reported that the exonym
52:
41:
4099:Nisa: The Life and Words of a ǃKung Woman
3629:
3619:
3526:
3485:
3436:
3426:
3385:
3333:
3125:Nisa: The Life and Words of a ǃKung Woman
3053:
2850:Environmental Protection and Human Rights
2416:
2336:
2334:
2273:"Court: Use of 'boesman' not hate speech"
2009:
2007:
1395:The Old Way: A Story of the First People,
1345:Learn how and when to remove this message
420:; and the southern people in the central
4200:. South African Archaeological Bulletin.
3889:The Old Way: A Story of the First People
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2722:. Government of Botswana. Archived from
2118:
2116:
1079:Robert K. Hitchcock, Wayne A. Babchuk, "
4249:Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa.
4001:Attenborough, David (5 February 2003).
3823:"Rhetoric, Realism and Benefit-Sharing"
3798:. CNN. 13 December 2006. Archived from
3240:, Nick Crumpton, BBC News, 31 July 2012
2976:
2974:
1921:
1537:draws largely on the work of Professor
1436:A documentary on San hunting entitled,
918:excursions. They kill their game using
3466:The American Journal of Human Genetics
3303:. Art of Africa. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
2907:Smith, Malvern van Wyk (1 July 2009).
2581:Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan.
1497:Recent African origin of modern humans
1479:analysis of the San and asserts their
1306:contains content that is written like
1097:in various parts of Southern Africa."
1093:or posses) sought to dispatch San and
456:"picking up from the ground" + plural
5619:Indigenous peoples of Southern Africa
4015:from the original on 4 November 2021.
3387:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906
3311:
3309:
2375:from the original on 14 October 2013.
2352:from the original on 17 January 2012.
2240:. Ohio University Press. p. 28.
1365:, documented the lives of San in the
813:Drinking water from the bi bulb plant
305:cultures of southern Africa, and the
7:
4003:"Human Mammal, Human Hunter (video)"
3086:. United States Department of State.
2645:. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 102.
2391:Schlebusch, Carina (25 March 2010).
80:Regions with significant populations
4225:Choi, Charles (21 September 2012).
4173:Lee, Richard; Irven DeVore (1999).
3892:. Macmillan. pp. xiii, 45–47.
3886:Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2007).
3127:. New York: Vintage Books. Page 10.
2983:"Africa's genetic secrets unlocked"
2720:"Basarwa Relocation – Introduction"
2271:Schroeder, Fatima (14 April 2008).
2044:. WIMSA. p. 58. Archived from
1240:It was to be his most famous book.
1065:Ancestral land conflict in Botswana
1059:Ancestral land conflict in Botswana
779:on the part of the government. The
3839:10.1111/j.1747-1796.2004.tb00231.x
3687:"Human line 'nearly split in two'"
2078:), they called those other tribes
1957:The Mountain Bushmen of Basutoland
1737:The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency
1167:Convention on Biological Diversity
1120:peoples over the minority San and
673:. The San are also referred to as
25:
4205:Minkel, J. R. (1 December 2006).
3080:Botswana 2013 Human Rights Report
1438:The Great Dance: A Hunter's Story
1399:Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman.
781:United States Department of State
493:newspaper was brought before the
4315:Survival International – Bushmen
4270:The site of the Khoisan Speakers
4077:Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman
3972:. RIT. n.d. Web. 5 October 2013.
3916:N!ai: the story of a !Kung woman
3000:from the original on 1 July 2009
2994:British Broadcasting Corporation
2696:Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003).
2610:Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003).
1295:
659:term for "Bushmen"). The terms
565:in 1930. Anthropological use of
487:equivalent of "Bushman") in the
158:
140:
122:
104:
86:
3515:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3374:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3272:http://afrol.com/articles/23093
3228:, Biodiversity Explorer website
3204:Mathias Georg Guenther (1999).
1684:Courtneys of Africa book series
1238:The Lost World of the Kalahari.
1139:traditional knowledge agreement
961:Bushmen), North Kalahari desert
724:region. San were traditionally
669:are sometimes used for them in
569:was detached from the compound
3731:Genocide of Indigenous Peoples
3685:Rincon, Paul (24 April 2008).
3294:"The modern day Bushmen / San"
2440:Sailer, Steve (20 June 2002).
2363:Coan, Stephen (28 July 2010).
2294:, Cambridge University Press,
2020:. Oxford: Berg. pp. 4–7.
1531:Paleolithic European paintings
1440:(2000), directed by Damon and
1000:human Y-chromosome haplogroups
596:University of the Western Cape
547:Adoption of the Khoekhoe term
1:
4979:Ethnic groups in South Africa
3335:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00130-1
2981:Gill, Victoria (1 May 2009).
2042:"WIMSA Annual Report 2004-05"
1628:When A Crocodile Eats the Sun
1431:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
1287:Documentaries and non-fiction
1250:Specimens of Bushman Folklore
1126:Central Kalahari Game Reserve
764:. One broad study of African
412:and Botswana, extending into
408:; central peoples of most of
404:, extending up into southern
4295:Cultural Survival – Botswana
4280:Kuru Family of Organisations
4251:Cambridge University Press.
4152:Demography of the Dobe ǃKung
3612:National Academy of Sciences
2959:Connor, Steve (1 May 2009).
2889:Anaya, James (2 June 2010).
2311:Smith, Andrew Brown (2000).
2017:Anthropology and the Bushman
1955:Walsham How, Marion (1962).
1876:First People of the Kalahari
1173:Representation in mass media
4300:Cultural Survival – Namibia
4285:South African San Institute
3774:. UN-HABITAT. p. 115.
2554:Le Raux, Willemien (2000).
5635:
5614:Hunter-gatherers of Africa
4127:Gordon, Robert J. (1999).
2234:Adhikari, Mohamed (2009).
1580:from the outside world (a
1357:John Marshall, the son of
1062:
1045:anatomically modern humans
963:, published in 1892 (from
794:
471:, from 17th-century Dutch
29:
5609:Ethnic groups in Zimbabwe
5594:Ethnic groups in Botswana
4542:Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa
4532:
4526:Ethnic groups in Botswana
4357:
1387:Elizabeth Marshall Thomas
1214:San paintings near Murewa
700:of South-Central Africa.
307:oldest surviving cultures
228:
212:
179:
74:
51:
5599:Ethnic groups in Namibia
4669:Ethnic groups in Namibia
3123:Marjorie Shostak, 1983,
2702:National Geographic News
2616:National Geographic News
2483:Lee, Richard B. (2012).
2156:First People of the Cape
1934:www.culturalsurvival.org
1726:has written a series of
1245:The Heart of the Hunter,
1077:According to professors
520:(part of the ǂKhomani),
5589:Ethnic groups in Angola
4351:Ethnic groups in Angola
4247:Barnard, Alan. (1992):
3873:10.1111/1467-9388.00346
3739:10.4324/9780203790830-7
3665:Nature Publishing Group
3621:10.1073/pnas.1017511108
3046:10.1126/science.1172257
2470:The Languages of Africa
2207:Britten, Sarah (2007).
2153:Mountain, Alan (2003).
1963:: J. L. Van Schaik Ltd.
1645:(1972) and its sequel,
1444:. This was reviewed by
1393:published in 1959, and
829:Preparing poison arrows
821:Starting a fire by hand
4192:Solomon, Anne (1997).
4150:Howell, Nancy (1979).
3564:10.1002/elps.200900197
3415:Investigative Genetics
3172:Insects and human life
2666:Suzman, James (2001).
2106:." – Theophilus Hahn,
2014:Barnard, Alan (2007).
1813:
1724:Alexander McCall Smith
1682:(an instalment in the
1614:
1572:The Gods Must Be Crazy
1554:
1529:from 200 years ago to
1522:How Art Made the World
1377:shows a giraffe hunt.
1277:"Bush for the Bushman"
1272:Mantis and His Friend.
1243:In 1961, he published
1215:
1207:
1192:
1074:
1073:San family in Botswana
968:
838:
830:
822:
814:
716:
584:Government of Botswana
474:
441:
286:
4310:Kalahari Peoples Fund
3653:Kaplan, Matt (2011).
3528:10.1093/molbev/msm155
3428:10.1186/2041-2223-1-6
3169:Brian Morris (2004).
2820:Moran, Shane (2009).
2587:Kalahari Peoples Fund
1896:Botswanan art#San art
1807:
1665:(1980), is a work of
1643:A Story Like The Wind
1612:
1552:
1485:Homo sapiens sapiens.
1427:My Land is My Dignity
1327:neutral point of view
1219:Early representations
1213:
1198:
1180:
1072:
955:
836:
828:
820:
812:
797:San healing practices
795:Further information:
777:ethnic discrimination
711:
604:national coat-of-arms
538:Gǁana and Gǀui (ǀGwi)
439:
284:
224:Related ethnic groups
4198:The Antiquity of Man
3968:14 July 2008 at the
3821:Wynberg, R. (2005).
3733:, pp. 143–171,
3299:18 June 2011 at the
3175:. Berg. p. 57.
3104:www.krugerpark.co.za
2348:. 5 September 2007.
1986:. pp. 170–183.
1649:(1974), made into a
1639:Laurens van der Post
1539:David Lewis-Williams
1467:—in connection with
1391:The Harmless People,
1229:Laurens van der Post
1132:within the reserve.
398:Etosha National Park
4211:Scientific American
4008:The Life of Mammals
3802:on 20 December 2006
3660:Scientific American
3224:3 June 2012 at the
3158:. 6 September 2017.
3145:Shostak 1983: 9, 25
3038:2009Sci...324.1035T
2941:National Geographic
2511:"General Questions"
2486:The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi
2409:2010Natur.464..487S
2346:Mail & Guardian
2266:Mail & Guardian
1766:Notable individuals
1749:Death of the Mantis
1505:The Life of Mammals
1473:Genographic Project
1469:National Geographic
1446:Lawrence Van Gelder
1423:The Will To Survive
1319:promotional content
1260:Wilhelm H. I. Bleek
1199:San paintings near
957:Wandering hunters (
934:produced by beetle
736:continuum from the
48:
3988:The New York Times
3984:"A Hunter's Story"
3942:africa.harvard.edu
3852:Tully, S. (2003).
2365:"The first people"
1814:
1718:The Devil's Breath
1667:historical fiction
1615:
1603:Live at Radio City
1594:Dave Matthews Band
1560:Lost in the Desert
1555:
1527:San cave paintings
1464:The Journey of Man
1419:Death of a Bushman
1321:and inappropriate
1216:
1208:
1193:
1091:paramilitary units
1075:
969:
839:
831:
823:
815:
717:
689:. The Bantu term
655:adaptation of the
442:
287:
5566:
5565:
5252:
5251:
4945:
4944:
4880:
4879:
4740:
4739:
4635:
4634:
4492:
4491:
4095:Shostak, Marjorie
3781:978-92-1-131909-5
3182:978-1-84520-075-6
3032:(5930): 1035–44.
2948:on 14 March 2016.
2920:978-1-86814-834-9
2860:978-0-521-76638-8
2708:on 18 April 2003.
2622:on 18 April 2003.
1891:Negro of Banyoles
1679:The Burning Shore
1657:James A. Michener
1493:African continent
1415:Iindawo ZikaThixo
1379:A Kalahari Family
1355:
1354:
1347:
1102:aboriginal people
1018:Mitochondrial DNA
911:to carry a baby.
766:genetic diversity
742:Cape of Good Hope
524:(Khwe and ǁAni),
279:
278:
180:Languages of the
47:
16:(Redirected from
5626:
5498:
5493:
5381:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5175:
5161:
5154:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5118:Basotho/S. Sotho
5099:
5092:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
4992:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4949:
4751:
4682:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4496:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4234:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4201:
4188:
4169:
4146:
4134:
4116:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4023:
4017:
4016:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3979:
3973:
3961:Kray, C. (1978)
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3858:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3599:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3337:
3313:
3304:
3291:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3216:
3210:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3156:"The San people"
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3136:Shostak 1983: 13
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2987:
2986:(online edition)
2978:
2969:
2968:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2944:. Archived from
2931:
2925:
2924:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2865:
2864:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2767:Bennett, Bruce.
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2726:on 9 April 2006.
2716:
2710:
2709:
2704:. Archived from
2693:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2618:. Archived from
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2567:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2480:
2474:
2465:Joseph Greenberg
2461:
2455:
2452:Henry Harpending
2449:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2302:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2268:. 11 April 2008.
2258:
2252:
2251:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2120:
2111:
2094:; the other the
2092:Hottentot proper
2090:, the so-called
2068:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2048:on 18 March 2014
2038:
2032:
2031:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1982:(1st ed.).
1971:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1823:ǃKweiten-ta-ǁKen
1756:Christopher Hope
1525:(2005) compares
1510:persistence hunt
1350:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1308:an advertisement
1299:
1298:
1291:
1281:"desperate plea"
1165:outlined in the
1110:agro-pastoralist
930:, a slow-acting
508:, including the
477:
400:in northwestern
396:in Botswana and
164:
162:
161:
146:
144:
143:
128:
126:
125:
110:
108:
107:
92:
90:
89:
70:Total population
56:
49:
45:
21:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5506:
5496:
5489:
5459:
5426:
5377:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5301:
5248:
5232:
5180:
5171:
5157:
5150:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5104:
5095:
5088:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
4981:
4976:
4946:
4941:
4903:
4876:
4840:
4792:
4736:
4703:
4671:
4666:
4636:
4631:
4528:
4523:
4493:
4488:
4353:
4348:
4266:
4224:
4215:
4213:
4204:
4191:
4185:
4172:
4166:
4149:
4143:
4126:
4123:
4121:Further reading
4113:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3970:Wayback Machine
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3558:(21): 3657–64.
3552:Electrophoresis
3549:
3548:
3544:
3521:(10): 2180–95.
3508:
3507:
3503:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3380:(7): 1189–203.
3369:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3322:Current Biology
3315:
3314:
3307:
3301:Wayback Machine
3292:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3226:Wayback Machine
3217:
3213:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:The Independent
2958:
2957:
2953:
2934:Godwin, Peter.
2933:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2868:
2861:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2748:on 6 March 2014
2736:
2735:
2731:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2672:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2637:Wynberg, Rachel
2635:
2634:
2627:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2570:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2462:
2458:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2418:10.1038/464487a
2390:
2384:
2380:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2069:
2065:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1994:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1936:. 28 April 2010
1928:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1881:Kalahari Debate
1872:
1860:
1843:
1831:
1802:
1790:
1773:
1768:
1760:Darkest England
1728:episodic novels
1647:A Far Off Place
1641:'s two novels,
1636:
1620:
1547:
1545:Films and music
1519:The BBC series
1481:genetic markers
1411:In God's Places
1361:anthropologist
1351:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1223:The San of the
1221:
1175:
1145:Hoodia gordonii
1141:
1067:
1061:
992:
950:
889:
807:
793:
706:
555:. The compound
434:
377:
303:hunter-gatherer
159:
157:
141:
139:
123:
121:
105:
103:
87:
85:
65:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5632:
5630:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5584:African nomads
5581:
5571:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5477:Telegu/Andhras
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5440:Cape Coloureds
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:Afrikaner-Jews
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5266:
5264:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4987:Bantu-speaking
4983:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4899:Cape Coloureds
4896:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4499:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4442:White Angolans
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4265:
4264:External links
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:978-0521411882
4245:
4243:978-0759104327
4235:
4222:
4202:
4189:
4183:
4170:
4164:
4156:Academic Press
4147:
4141:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4068:
4043:
4018:
3993:
3974:
3954:
3929:
3905:
3898:
3878:
3844:
3833:(6): 851–876.
3813:
3787:
3780:
3760:
3747:
3717:
3703:
3677:
3645:
3585:
3542:
3501:
3478:10.1086/302848
3472:(4): 1362–83.
3452:
3401:
3357:
3305:
3286:
3275:
3264:
3253:
3242:
3230:
3211:
3188:
3181:
3161:
3147:
3138:
3129:
3116:
3089:
3069:
3011:
2990:BBC World News
2970:
2951:
2926:
2919:
2899:
2866:
2859:
2839:
2832:
2812:
2786:
2759:
2729:
2711:
2688:
2681:
2658:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2568:
2546:
2539:
2502:
2495:
2475:
2473:(1963), p. 66.
2456:
2432:
2378:
2355:
2330:
2323:
2303:
2283:
2253:
2246:
2226:
2219:
2199:
2192:
2172:
2165:
2142:
2135:
2112:
2076:par excellence
2063:
2033:
2026:
2003:
1992:
1966:
1947:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1847:Cgʼose Ntcoxʼo
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1835:Elsie Vaalbooi
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1782:Royal ǀUiǀoǀoo
1779:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1692:'s 1991 novel
1635:
1632:
1619:
1616:
1546:
1543:
1451:New York Times
1363:Lorna Marshall
1353:
1352:
1323:external links
1303:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1268:Dorothea Bleek
1220:
1217:
1182:Rock paintings
1174:
1171:
1140:
1134:
1063:Main article:
1060:
1057:
991:
988:
949:
946:
920:bow and arrows
888:
885:
843:kinship system
792:
789:
705:
702:
563:Isaac Schapera
504:(also spelled
495:Equality Court
462:Haiǁom dialect
433:
430:
394:Okavango River
376:
373:
277:
276:
226:
225:
221:
220:
210:
209:
205:
204:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
154:
153:
150:
136:
135:
132:
118:
117:
114:
100:
99:
96:
82:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
61:children in
57:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5631:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5146:Pedi/N. Sotho
5144:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
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5051:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
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5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
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5012:
5010:
5007:
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5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4980:
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4959:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
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4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
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4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
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4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:Bantu peoples
4743:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4658:
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4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4628:
4625:
4623:
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4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
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4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4506:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4184:0-674-49980-8
4180:
4177:. iUniverse.
4176:
4171:
4167:
4165:0-12-357350-5
4161:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4142:0-8133-3581-7
4138:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4112:0-7139-1486-6
4108:
4104:
4103:Vintage Books
4100:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
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4019:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3978:
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3971:
3967:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3943:
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3933:
3930:
3918:
3917:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3899:9781429954518
3895:
3891:
3890:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3814:
3801:
3797:
3791:
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3777:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3761:
3750:
3748:9780203790830
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3707:
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3692:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3666:
3662:
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3656:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3637:
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3589:
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3505:
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3497:
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3456:
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3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3328:(6): 464–73.
3327:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3198:See page 19:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3157:
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3148:
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3126:
3120:
3117:
3105:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3012:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2913:. NYU Press.
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
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2856:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2833:9781580462945
2829:
2825:
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2813:
2798:
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2774:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2747:
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2733:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2682:99916-765-3-8
2678:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2652:9789048131235
2648:
2644:
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2626:
2621:
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2600:
2588:
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2569:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2540:9783905758009
2536:
2532:
2531:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2496:9781133713531
2492:
2488:
2487:
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2466:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:(7288): 487.
2402:
2398:
2394:
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2370:
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2324:9780864864192
2320:
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2257:
2254:
2249:
2247:9780896804425
2243:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2220:9781920143183
2216:
2212:
2211:
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2200:
2195:
2193:9781845451158
2189:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2166:9780864866233
2162:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:9781134391554
2132:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2110:(1881), p. 3.
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2027:9781847883308
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1993:9781138909175
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:Dawid Kruiper
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
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1816:
1815:
1811:
1806:
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1792:
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1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1626:'s biography
1625:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:A 1969 film,
1551:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:—discusses a
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1461:'s 2003 book
1460:
1459:Spencer Wells
1456:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1304:This section
1302:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:Lucy C. Lloyd
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Hadza peoples
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
987:
983:
980:
978:
977:KwaZulu-Natal
974:
966:
962:
960:
954:
948:Early history
947:
945:
943:
942:
938:of the genus
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
901:
898:
893:
886:
884:
882:
879:Most San are
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
854:
850:
848:
847:Inuit kinship
844:
835:
827:
819:
811:
806:
802:
798:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
753:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:Tsodilo Hills
714:
710:
703:
701:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
476:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
386:
382:
381:Khoekhoegowab
374:
372:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
283:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
219:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
173:
169:
167:
155:
151:
149:
137:
133:
131:
119:
115:
113:
101:
97:
95:
83:
78:
73:
68:
64:
60:
55:
50:
37:
33:
19:
5269:
5261:
5110:Sotho-Tswana
4836:Uukolonkadhi
4708:
4591:
4552:Gana and Gwi
4537:Baka-Nswazwi
4248:
4230:
4214:. Retrieved
4210:
4197:
4174:
4154:. New York:
4151:
4130:
4101:. New York:
4098:
4088:Bibliography
4075:
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4055:
4046:
4034:. Retrieved
4030:
4021:
4006:
3996:
3987:
3977:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3941:
3932:
3921:, retrieved
3915:
3908:
3888:
3881:
3864:
3860:
3847:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3800:the original
3790:
3770:
3763:
3752:, retrieved
3730:
3720:
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3690:
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3658:
3648:
3607:
3601:
3588:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3325:
3321:
3289:
3278:
3267:
3256:
3245:
3233:
3214:
3205:
3191:
3171:
3164:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3103:
3079:
3072:
3029:
3025:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2989:
2964:
2954:
2946:the original
2939:
2929:
2909:
2902:
2849:
2842:
2822:
2815:
2804:, retrieved
2795:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2772:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:the original
2741:
2732:
2724:the original
2714:
2706:the original
2701:
2691:
2668:
2661:
2641:
2620:the original
2615:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2561:
2559:
2549:
2529:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:
2505:
2485:
2478:
2468:
2459:
2445:
2435:
2400:
2396:
2387:Stellenbosch
2381:
2368:
2358:
2345:
2313:
2306:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2265:
2256:
2236:
2229:
2209:
2202:
2182:
2175:
2155:
2125:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2057:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2016:
1998:ResearchGate
1996:– via
1979:
1969:
1956:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1852:Coexʼae Qgam
1759:
1753:
1748:
1745:nom de plume
1744:
1742:
1735:
1722:
1717:
1714:David Gilman
1711:
1703:
1700:Tad Williams
1698:
1688:
1677:
1674:Wilbur Smith
1671:
1662:The Covenant
1660:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1624:Peter Godwin
1621:
1601:
1587:
1570:
1558:
1556:
1535:Nigel Spivey
1520:
1518:
1503:
1501:
1484:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1442:Craig Foster
1437:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1404:ǃKung people
1398:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1375:The Hunters,
1374:
1356:
1341:
1332:
1317:by removing
1313:Please help
1305:
1271:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1222:
1190:Western Cape
1163:
1157:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1130:Gem Diamonds
1105:
1099:
1078:
1076:
1053:
1049:
1030:
1016:
996:Y chromosome
993:
984:
981:
970:
965:H. A. Bryden
956:
939:
932:arrow poison
928:diamphotoxin
913:
904:
902:
894:
890:
878:
874:gift economy
863:
855:
851:
840:
805:San religion
801:San rock art
784:
770:
758:anthropology
754:
746:
730:game animals
726:semi-nomadic
718:
712:
698:Southern Twa
690:
687:Sotho people
682:
679:Xhosa people
674:
665:
660:
648:
644:
642:
637:
633:
626:
622:
614:
610:
608:
599:
598:. The term
578:
574:
570:
566:
556:
552:
548:
546:
541:
505:
499:
488:
483:(the modern
480:
472:
468:
466:
457:
453:
443:
426:Molopo River
424:towards the
384:
378:
370:
339:
335:South Africa
298:
294:
290:
288:
218:Christianity
214:San religion
130:South Africa
39:Ethnic group
36:
5523:Zimbabweans
5445:Cape Malays
5422:Zimbabweans
5392:Mozambicans
5295:Strandloper
5062:Gqunukhwebe
4826:Uukwaluudhi
4231:LiveScience
4031:www.pbs.org
3806:13 December
3696:31 December
3614:: 5154–62.
3004:3 September
2806:19 February
2742:Ditshwanelo
2369:The Witness
1901:Strandloper
1777:Nǃxau ǂToma
1690:Norman Rush
1122:Bakgalagadi
1112:tribes and
973:Border Cave
887:Subsistence
859:ostrich egg
773:Bakgalagadi
649:bosquímanos
636:, with the
387:. It is an
291:San peoples
18:San Bushmen
5579:San people
5573:Categories
5553:Pakistanis
5486:Gujaratis
5407:Portuguese
5397:Norwegians
5333:Cape Dutch
5320:Afrikaners
5009:Mpondomise
4937:Portuguese
4857:Caprivians
4821:Oukwanyama
4816:Ongandjera
4677:Indigenous
4547:Batalaunda
4447:Portuguese
4216:12 January
4135:. Avalon.
2779:12 January
2752:12 January
2592:15 January
2520:12 January
2300:052157109X
2059:gathering'
1917:References
1911:Boskop Man
1794:Roy Sesana
1716:published
1598:Radio City
1502:The BBC's
1383:Juǀʼhoansi
1369:region of
1315:improve it
1154:Phytopharm
1022:haplogroup
941:Diamphidia
926:tipped in
881:monogamous
653:Portuguese
645:mucancalas
630:noun class
613:(singular
510:Juǀʼhoansi
490:Die Burger
475:Bosjesmans
375:Definition
198:Portuguese
192:families,
5604:Coloureds
5538:Nigerians
5432:Coloureds
5340:Huguenots
5199:N'walungu
4917:Afrikaner
4886:Coloureds
4811:Ombalantu
4462:Afrikaner
4457:Norwegian
4432:Ovimbundu
4367:Brazilian
3867:: 84–98.
2773:Thuto.org
2084:Hottentot
1984:Routledge
1812:in 1874–5
1712:In 2007,
1705:Otherland
1676:'s novel
1651:1993 film
1582:Coca-Cola
1567:Jamie Uys
1367:Nyae Nyae
1335:July 2019
1256:collected
1186:Cederberg
979:in 2012.
967:photogr.)
870:consensus
695:"Pygmoid"
609:The term
592:Cape Town
485:Afrikaans
362:Europeans
234:Coloureds
202:Afrikaans
175:Languages
152:<5,000
5543:Japanese
5387:Lebanese
5368:Italians
5348:Angolans
5285:Khoekhoe
5211:Hlanganu
5159:Mabelane
5152:Balobedu
5138:Batlokwa
5039:Ndwandwe
4867:Kavangos
4831:Uukwambi
4773:Mbanderu
4732:Ncoakhoe
4686:Khoekhoe
4582:Mbanderu
4577:Mangwato
4469:Xindonga
4097:(1983).
4013:Archived
3966:Archived
3947:30 March
3923:30 March
3754:25 March
3691:BBC News
3640:21383195
3580:19515426
3572:19810027
3537:17656633
3496:10739760
3447:21092339
3421:(1): 6.
3396:11420360
3352:52862939
3344:12646128
3297:Archived
3222:Archived
3109:30 March
3064:19407144
2998:Archived
2427:20336115
2373:Archived
2350:Archived
2088:Khoikhoi
2052:18 March
1961:Pretoria
1940:30 March
1906:Vaalpens
1870:See also
1858:ǂKhomani
1758:'s book
1732:Gaborone
1702:'s epic
1578:artifact
1448:for the
1254:(1911),
1225:Kalahari
1205:Zimbabwe
1095:Khoekhoe
1087:Khoekhoe
1083:Khoekhoe
1041:Tanzania
994:Various
990:Genetics
916:tracking
841:The San
762:genetics
671:Zimbabwe
588:Gaborone
586:held in
530:Ncoakhoe
450:Khoekhoe
422:Kalahari
418:Zimbabwe
354:Khoekhoe
327:Zimbabwe
311:Botswana
230:Khoekhoe
208:Religion
166:Zimbabwe
94:Botswana
75:~105,000
59:Juǀʼhoan
5548:Koreans
5533:Somalis
5528:Chinese
5465:Indians
5455:Oorlams
5450:Griquas
5353:Germans
5315:British
5193:Hlengwe
5131:Bataung
5124:Bakoena
5097:Khumalo
5055:Gcaleka
5024:Ndebele
4922:British
4607:Talaote
4562:Kalanga
4417:Mucubal
4362:Ambundu
4011:. BBC.
3670:22 June
3631:3069156
3487:1288201
3438:2988483
3055:2947357
3034:Bibcode
3026:Science
2405:Bibcode
2104:Bushmen
1886:Khoisan
1810:Mowbray
1730:set in
1618:Memoirs
1477:genetic
1371:Namibia
1359:Harvard
1184:in the
1106:Basarwa
1033:Sandawe
959:Masarwa
897:Ostrich
837:San man
791:Society
785:Basarwa
749:British
740:to the
738:Red Sea
734:Sangoan
704:History
681:and as
661:Amasili
638:le-/ma-
634:Masarwa
627:mo-/ba-
615:Mosarwa
611:Basarwa
571:Khoisan
558:Khoisan
553:Bushmen
534:Tshuwau
481:boesman
469:Bushmen
460:in the
446:exonyms
410:Namibia
402:Namibia
331:Lesotho
315:Namibia
299:Bushmen
262:Ndebele
238:Basters
194:English
112:Namibia
63:Namibia
46:Bushmen
32:Bushman
5511:Others
5503:Koknis
5497:Surtis
5491:Memons
5473:Tamils
5358:Greeks
5307:Whites
5229:Thonga
5226:Ndzawu
5220:Dzonga
5214:Nhlave
5208:Rhonga
5202:Gwamba
5186:Tsonga
5173:Balete
5167:Tswana
5076:Xesibe
5044:Thembu
4932:Jewish
4927:German
4909:Whites
4894:Baster
4872:Tswana
4862:Mbadja
4852:Damara
4806:Ndonga
4798:Ovambo
4778:Tjimba
4768:Herero
4755:Herero
4722:Haiǁom
4699:Oorlam
4617:Tswana
4612:Tlôkwa
4602:Subiya
4557:Herero
4452:German
4427:Ovambo
4412:Mbunda
4397:Lovale
4377:Herero
4372:Chokwe
4255:
4241:
4181:
4162:
4139:
4109:
4061:26 May
4036:20 May
3896:
3778:
3745:
3638:
3628:
3610:(13).
3578:
3570:
3535:
3494:
3484:
3445:
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3350:
3342:
3179:
3062:
3052:
2917:
2857:
2830:
2679:
2649:
2537:
2493:
2425:
2397:Nature
2321:
2298:
2244:
2217:
2190:
2163:
2133:
2024:
1990:
1818:ǁKabbo
1694:Mating
1634:Novels
1590:Eh Hee
1266:, and
1201:Murewa
1158:Hoodia
1137:Hoodia
1118:Tswana
936:larvae
924:spears
909:kaross
905:kaross
866:chiefs
803:, and
625:. The
619:Tswana
526:Haiǁom
414:Zambia
406:Angola
389:exonym
366:Asians
364:, and
348:, and
333:, and
323:Zambia
319:Angola
297:), or
293:(also
270:Tswana
242:Griqua
188:, and
163:
148:Angola
145:
134:10,000
127:
116:27,000
109:
98:63,500
91:
5518:Lemba
5480:Hindi
5417:Turks
5412:Serbs
5402:Poles
5363:Irish
5326:Boers
5275:ǃKung
5245:Ngona
5238:Venda
5205:Tswha
5090:Fingo
5069:Gaika
5049:Xhosa
5034:Swazi
5029:Pondo
5019:Hlubi
5014:Fengu
5004:Bhaca
4996:Nguni
4845:Other
4788:Zemba
4763:Himba
4717:!Kung
4597:Sotho
4567:ǃKung
4484:Zemba
4479:Yombe
4407:Lunda
4392:ǃKung
4387:Kongo
4382:Himba
3857:(PDF)
3598:(PDF)
3576:S2CID
3370:(PDF)
3348:S2CID
3208:p111.
3084:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2800:(PDF)
2673:(PDF)
2102:) or
1829:Nǁnǂe
1788:Gǁana
1771:ǃKung
1592:" by
1512:of a
1495:(see
1114:white
1100:Much
691:Batwa
683:Baroa
675:Batwa
666:Batwa
657:Dutch
647:, or
518:Nǁnǂe
506:ǃXuun
502:ǃKung
432:Names
358:Bantu
258:Swazi
250:Xhosa
246:Sotho
170:1,200
5558:Roma
5483:Urdu
5373:Jews
5290:Nama
5279:ǀXam
5260:and
5258:Khoi
5223:Copi
5217:Bila
5196:Xika
5084:Zulu
4727:Kxoe
4694:Nama
4627:Yeyi
4587:Nama
4572:Lozi
4474:Yaka
4422:Roma
4402:Lozi
4253:ISBN
4239:ISBN
4218:2014
4179:ISBN
4160:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4063:2020
4038:2016
3949:2024
3925:2024
3894:ISBN
3808:2006
3776:ISBN
3756:2023
3743:ISBN
3698:2009
3672:2012
3636:PMID
3568:PMID
3533:PMID
3492:PMID
3443:PMID
3392:PMID
3340:PMID
3177:ISBN
3111:2024
3060:PMID
3006:2009
2915:ISBN
2855:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2808:2016
2781:2014
2754:2014
2677:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2594:2014
2535:ISBN
2522:2014
2491:ISBN
2423:PMID
2319:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2215:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2074:men
2072:i.e.
2054:2014
2022:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1942:2024
1841:Naro
1800:ǀXam
1514:kudu
1487:The
1279:– a
1262:and
1035:and
1012:tree
1006:and
922:and
760:and
715:1804
663:and
623:Saan
522:Kxoe
514:ǀXam
416:and
350:Kxʼa
342:Khoe
295:Saan
289:The
274:Lozi
266:Pedi
254:Zulu
186:Kxʼa
182:Khoe
5270:San
5262:San
4783:Twa
4709:San
4622:Twa
4592:San
4437:Twa
3869:doi
3835:doi
3735:doi
3626:PMC
3616:doi
3608:108
3560:doi
3523:doi
3482:PMC
3474:doi
3433:PMC
3423:doi
3382:doi
3330:doi
3050:PMC
3042:doi
3030:324
2562:San
2446:UPI
2413:doi
2401:464
2277:IOL
2096:San
1754:In
1672:In
1659:'s
1622:In
1489:PBS
1471:'s
1270:'s
1258:by
1233:BBC
1039:of
1026:L0d
975:in
685:by
677:by
651:(a
600:San
579:San
575:San
567:San
549:San
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512:),
454:saa
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