42:
103:
441:
61:
959:
456:, as it is three to four times the size of its mainland counterparts. The male's skin is gray with tan to yellow patches over its entire body, and its face is gray to black. The female is duller in appearance with fewer patches. The colorations provide almost perfect camouflage against some of their predators.
377:
Males are seasonally and conditionally territorial; an abundance of resources tends to create a hierarchy based on size, with one large male dominating the area's smaller males. Chuckwallas use a combination of color and physical displays, namely "push ups", head-hobbing, and gaping of the mouth to
492:
in the early 2000s as a way of legally producing a San
Esteban-like lizard that the average reptile enthusiast could keep. The crosses are fertile and seem to have traits of both species - the brighter coloration of the San Esteban chuckwalla with the calmer temperament of the Angel Island
451:
The San
Esteban chuckwalla is the largest species of chuckwalla, reaching 61 cm (24 in) in body length and 76 cm (30 in) overall length, and weighing up to 1.4 kg (3.1 lb). It is considered a textbook example of
365:. At one time, the Seri translocated populations of this lizard to other islands in the Sea of Cortés as a food item, but none of these populations has survived beyond the original population found on San Esteban.
373:
Harmless to humans, these large lizards are known to run from potential threats. When disturbed, the chuckwalla wedges itself into a tight rock crevice, gulps air, and inflates its body to entrench itself.
511:
which prey upon the chuckwalla's eggs, and feral dogs and cats which prey upon the lizards. Due to these factors and overcollection from the pet trade, the species was declared an
Appendix I animal under
361:
The San
Esteban chuckwalla is endemic to San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California. While it is abundant on this small island, it occurs naturally nowhere else and is protected under the
488:
by the Seri people for use as a food source in times of need. This was before the founding of
America, and most of these populations appear to have died out, but the process was repeated by
393:, spend much of their mornings and winter days basking in the sun. These lizards are well adapted to desert conditions; they are active at temperatures up to 102 °F (39 °C).
1516:
396:
Mating occurs from April to July, with 5 to 16 eggs laid between June and August. The eggs hatch in late
September. San Esteban chuckwallas may live for 25 years or more.
1433:
404:
Chuckwallas prefer dwelling in lava flows and rocky areas with nooks and crannies available for a retreat when threatened. These areas are typically vegetated by
1577:
1472:
1567:
1552:
1407:
1446:
560:
746:
662:
1572:
1562:
873:
830:
797:
717:
468:
considered this species of chuckwalla an important food item due to its large size. So much so, a few lizards were cross-bred with
679:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.
503:
The San
Esteban chuckwalla is an endangered species due to hunting from the Seri and the introduction of feral animals such as
311:
is Latin for "speckled" in reference to the chuckwalla's mottled coloration. It was first described by
American herpetologist
1451:
556:
1161:
1146:
536:
102:
1176:
1121:
1477:
1084:
1271:
1246:
1094:
866:
469:
1311:
1221:
1014:
477:
362:
312:
223:
1349:
1181:
1039:
978:
654:
Sketches of Nature: A Geneticist's Look at the
Biological World During a Golden Era of Molecular Ecology
207:
1394:
1358:
1115:
1104:
1089:
1069:
531:
521:
481:
473:
379:
1557:
1286:
1109:
1099:
1049:
994:
605:
50:
1276:
1196:
1126:
1044:
859:
268:
264:
97:
65:
958:
41:
1438:
1498:
1371:
1156:
1079:
1074:
984:
826:
793:
742:
713:
658:
652:
485:
1511:
1503:
1464:
1186:
1019:
600:
453:
1485:
1363:
1266:
1151:
421:
1191:
1171:
489:
409:
386:
763:
Diagnoses of twenty-three new species and a new genus of lizards from Lower California
440:
17:
1546:
1459:
1216:
948:
734:
591:
582:
405:
288:
70:
1376:
1241:
968:
526:
417:
164:
271:. It is the largest of the five species of chuckwallas, and the most threatened.
1529:
1420:
1343:
1207:
1166:
465:
342:
1334:
1257:
1060:
1030:
989:
927:
256:
184:
882:
700:
Case, T. J. (1982). "Ecology and evolution of insular gigantic chuckwallas,
413:
390:
260:
174:
114:
627:
1490:
790:
Singing the Turtles to Sea: The ComcĂĄac (Seri) Art and Science of Reptiles
500:, "People of the Giant Chuckwalla" and named the island for this species.
412:
cacti which form the staple of their diet, as the chuckwalla is primarily
1328:
912:
900:
496:
The Seri who once inhabited San Esteban Island referred to themselves as
327:
319:
154:
134:
1412:
1386:
1137:
1005:
906:
581:
Montgomery, C.E.; Hollingsworth, B.; Kartje, M.; Reynoso, V.H. (2019).
252:
144:
1425:
1232:
894:
429:
280:
124:
1305:
299:
meaning "flat". The proper ancient Greek word for "flat" is however
1524:
735:"The Evolution of Iguanas: an Overview and a Checklist of Species"
513:
439:
334:
87:
81:
712:. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Publications. pp. 184â212.
508:
425:
1399:
1309:
925:
855:
504:
843:
People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians
851:
539:
since 1977. The species is present in private collections.
416:. Chuckwallas also feed on leaves, fruit, and flowers of
529:, a Seri village on the Mexican mainland. A successful
525:
chuckwalla captive-breeding program was established in
765:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.
345:
people named originally the island for this species:
1318:
1255:
1230:
1205:
1135:
1058:
1028:
1003:
966:
939:
741:. University of California Press. pp. 43â44.
823:A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians
432:represent a supplementary prey if eaten at all.
792:. University of California Press. p. 350.
606:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T174485A1414919.en
867:
8:
318:The common name chuckwalla derives from the
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
472:and translocated to most of the islands in
1306:
936:
922:
874:
860:
852:
825:, 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company,
59:
40:
31:
604:
841:Richard Felger and Mary B. Moser (1985)
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
561:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
548:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
677:Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940).
535:program has also been in place at the
287:, is said to be a combination of two
7:
1578:Taxa named by Mary Cynthia Dickerson
845:Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
1568:Fauna of Gulf of California islands
733:Hollingsworth, Bradford D. (2004).
592:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1095:Honduran paleate spinytail iguana
739:Iguanas: Biology and Conservation
657:. Elsevier Science. p. 142.
351:Peninsula of the Giant Chuckwalla
1553:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
957:
101:
1:
1162:Northern Bahamian rock iguana
1070:Northeastern spinytail iguana
1147:Turks and Caicos rock iguana
537:Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
382:and defend their territory.
307:(áœÎŒÎ±Î»ÎźÏ). Its specific name
1110:Guatemalan spinytail iguana
1085:Yellowback spinytail iguana
821:Stebbins, Robert C.,(2003)
1594:
1573:Reptiles described in 1919
1563:Endemic reptiles of Mexico
1045:Galapagos pink land iguana
1015:Campeche spinytail iguana
955:
935:
921:
889:
761:Dickerson, M. C. (1919).
389:animals, and as they are
369:Behavior and reproduction
213:
206:
98:Scientific classification
96:
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1167:Grand Cayman blue iguana
1100:Oaxacan spinytail iguana
1020:YucatĂĄn spinytail iguana
681:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
470:Angel Island chuckwallas
357:Distribution and habitat
259:belonging to the family
1272:Angel Island chuckwalla
1247:Lesser Antillean iguana
1105:RoatĂĄn spinytail iguana
651:Avise, John C. (2015).
35:San Esteban chuckwalla
1282:San Esteban chuckwalla
1222:Catalina desert iguana
1127:Black spinytail iguana
478:Isla San Lorenzo Norte
448:
363:Endangered Species Act
295:meaning "lizard" and
275:Taxonomy and etymology
235:San Esteban chuckwalla
18:San Esteban Chuckwalla
1182:Anegada ground iguana
1177:Lesser Caymans iguana
1090:Cape spinytail iguana
1040:Galapagos land iguana
979:Brachylophus bulabula
788:Nabhan, Gary (2003).
599:: e.T174485A1414919.
443:
243:), also known as the
1277:Monserrat chuckwalla
1116:Ctenosaura pectinata
1050:Santa Fe land iguana
710:Iguanas of the World
628:"Appendices | CITES"
482:Isla San Lorenzo Sur
474:Bahia de los Angeles
1192:San Salvador iguana
1080:Balsas armed lizard
995:Fiji crested iguana
769:(10): 461–477
702:Sauromalus hispidus
557:"Sauromalus varius"
490:herpeticulturalists
51:Conservation status
1287:Spotted chuckwalla
1197:Mona ground iguana
449:
269:Gulf of California
265:San Esteban Island
245:piebald chuckwalla
1540:
1539:
1499:Open Tree of Life
1364:Sauromalus_varius
1350:Sauromalus varius
1320:Sauromalus varius
1312:Taxon identifiers
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1267:Common chuckwalla
1157:Rhinoceros iguana
985:Lau banded iguana
748:978-0-520-23854-1
706:Sauromalus varius
664:978-0-12-801960-3
585:Sauromalus varius
333:, transcribed by
313:Mary C. Dickerson
240:Sauromalus varius
231:
230:
217:Sauromalus varius
91:
74:
27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
1585:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1467:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1416:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1390:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1307:
1122:Club tail iguana
961:
937:
923:
876:
869:
862:
853:
846:
839:
833:
819:
804:
803:
785:
770:
759:
753:
752:
730:
724:
723:
697:
682:
675:
669:
668:
648:
642:
641:
639:
638:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
608:
578:
572:
571:
569:
567:
553:
498:Coftécöl Comcåac
454:island gigantism
422:perennial plants
385:Chuckwallas are
249:pinto chuckwalla
219:
106:
105:
85:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1486:Observation.org
1484:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1314:
1304:
1291:
1251:
1226:
1201:
1187:Ricord's iguana
1152:Jamaican iguana
1131:
1054:
1024:
999:
962:
953:
931:
917:
885:
880:
850:
849:
840:
836:
820:
807:
800:
787:
786:
773:
760:
756:
749:
732:
731:
727:
720:
699:
698:
685:
676:
672:
665:
650:
649:
645:
636:
634:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
580:
579:
575:
565:
563:
555:
554:
550:
545:
462:
447:at St Louis Zoo
438:
402:
371:
359:
277:
227:
221:
215:
202:
100:
92:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1391:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1340:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
974:
972:
964:
963:
956:
954:
952:
951:
945:
943:
933:
932:
926:
919:
918:
916:
915:
909:
903:
897:
890:
887:
886:
881:
879:
878:
871:
864:
856:
848:
847:
834:
805:
798:
771:
754:
747:
725:
718:
683:
670:
663:
643:
619:
573:
547:
546:
544:
541:
486:TiburĂłn Island
461:
458:
437:
434:
401:
398:
370:
367:
358:
355:
276:
273:
229:
228:
222:
211:
210:
204:
203:
199:S. varius
196:
194:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
80:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1590:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Desert iguana
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:
976:
975:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
950:
949:Marine iguana
947:
946:
944:
942:
941:Amblyrhynchus
938:
934:
929:
924:
920:
914:
910:
908:
904:
902:
898:
896:
892:
891:
888:
884:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
857:
854:
844:
838:
835:
832:
831:0-395-98272-3
828:
824:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
806:
801:
799:0-520-21731-4
795:
791:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
758:
755:
750:
744:
740:
736:
729:
726:
721:
719:0-8155-0917-0
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
674:
671:
666:
660:
656:
655:
647:
644:
633:
629:
623:
620:
607:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
586:
577:
574:
562:
558:
552:
549:
542:
540:
538:
534:
533:
528:
524:
523:
517:
515:
510:
506:
501:
499:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:Human contact
459:
457:
455:
446:
442:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:creosote bush
399:
397:
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
375:
368:
366:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
347:Coftécöl lifa
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:ancient Greek
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:
236:
225:
220:
218:
212:
209:
208:Binomial name
205:
201:
200:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1319:
1281:
1256:
1242:Green iguana
1231:
1206:
1172:Cuban iguana
1136:
1114:
1075:Utila iguana
1059:
1029:
1004:
977:
969:Brachylophus
967:
940:
842:
837:
822:
789:
766:
762:
757:
738:
728:
709:
705:
701:
678:
673:
653:
646:
635:. Retrieved
631:
622:
610:. Retrieved
596:
590:
584:
576:
566:26 September
564:. Retrieved
551:
530:
527:Punta Chueca
520:
518:
502:
497:
495:
493:chuckwalla.
463:
450:
444:
403:
395:
384:
376:
372:
360:
350:
346:
338:
330:
323:
317:
308:
304:
303:(áœÎŒÎ±Î»ÏÏ) or
300:
296:
292:
284:
278:
248:
244:
239:
238:
234:
232:
216:
214:
198:
197:
185:
29:
1421:iNaturalist
1344:Wikispecies
1208:Dipsosaurus
612:19 November
436:Description
424:, and even
414:herbivorous
391:ectothermic
380:communicate
263:endemic to
1558:Sauromalus
1547:Categories
1258:Sauromalus
1061:Ctenosaura
1031:Conolophus
990:Gau iguana
637:2022-01-14
543:References
339:chacahuala
285:Sauromalus
257:chuckwalla
186:Sauromalus
161:Suborder:
84:Appendix I
66:Vulnerable
893:Kingdom:
883:Iguanidae
632:cites.org
445:S. varius
335:Spaniards
315:in 1919.
261:Iguanidae
224:Dickerson
193:Species:
175:Iguanidae
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
1525:Species+
1439:10365190
1335:Q2967623
1329:Wikidata
913:Squamata
907:Reptilia
901:Chordata
899:Phylum:
895:Animalia
466:Comcaâac
328:Cahuilla
324:tcaxxwal
320:Shoshone
171:Family:
155:Squamata
145:Reptilia
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1413:2459712
1138:Cyclura
1006:Cachryx
930:species
911:Order:
905:Class:
532:ex situ
522:in situ
430:insects
418:annuals
387:diurnal
349:or the
341:. The
305:homalÄs
301:homalos
291:words:
281:generic
267:in the
253:species
251:, is a
181:Genus:
165:Iguania
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
69: (
1517:varius
1504:189511
1491:103012
1465:174485
1452:586025
1400:793772
1384:ECOS:
1233:Iguana
928:Extant
829:
796:
745:
716:
661:
484:, and
410:cholla
331:caxwal
309:varius
297:omalus
293:sauros
283:name,
226:, 1919
1478:51220
1434:IRMNG
1426:35333
1377:6Y3M6
514:CITES
426:weeds
322:word
88:CITES
82:CITES
1530:4390
1473:NCBI
1460:IUCN
1447:ITIS
1408:GBIF
827:ISBN
794:ISBN
743:ISBN
714:ISBN
704:and
659:ISBN
614:2021
597:2019
568:2008
509:mice
507:and
505:rats
464:The
408:and
400:Diet
343:Seri
279:The
233:The
1395:EoL
1387:777
1372:CoL
1359:ADW
708:".
601:doi
519:An
337:as
326:or
255:of
247:or
1549::
1527::
1514::
1512:RD
1501::
1488::
1475::
1462::
1449::
1436::
1423::
1410::
1397::
1374::
1361::
1346::
1331::
808:^
774:^
767:41
737:.
686:^
630:.
595:.
589:.
559:.
516:.
480:,
476::
428:;
420:,
353:.
875:e
868:t
861:v
802:.
751:.
722:.
667:.
640:.
616:.
603::
587:"
583:"
570:.
237:(
90:)
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
