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The strike turned violent. Bricks were thrown through paper carriers' windshields as they drove from the newspaper distribution center, and one non-union driver was hit on the head with a lead pipe, suffering a fractured skull. One teamster driver was killed by electricity when scaling a power pole.
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The two competing electronic newspapers published during the strike have been hailed as "a milestone for online news," especially since the "speed and relative ease with which both groups published electronic newspapers was a clear demonstration of the power of computers and digital networks for
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Wages were one major issue leading to the strike: while the unions demanded a 3.5 percent annual raise, management offered only a 2.46 percent annual raise over four years. Another point of contention was management's plan to cut the jobs of more than 150 teamster drivers over several years.
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During the strike both online newspapers were claiming a total of more than 100,000 readers a day, which was a fraction of the actual newspapers' estimated circulation of 600,000, but far beyond the 10,000 or so people in the Bay Area who had access to them.
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San
Francisco's two major daily newspapers were longtime rivals that had been working under a joint operating agreement since 1965. Employees had been working without a contract for the past year.
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distributing information to a potential audience of millions of computer users worldwide." The strike "put the web on the radar screens of news organizations" and triggered an "exodus" of
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212:, thus creating the official online version of San Francisco's two big newspapers. This news service, which remains in operation as the current-day
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241:, who pitched in helping automate the production process. The team operated from a makeshift newsroom using their own hardware and a local
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626:"Freeing the Press: A newspaper labor action in 1994 led to an 11-day online-news experiment [paywalled article]"
272:, the newspaper strike came to an end as management and a conference of eight unions announced a tentative agreement.
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Members of
Conference of Newspaper Unions march around the area behind the San Francisco Chronicle on November 3, 1994
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Starting on
November 1, 1994, some 2,600 reporters, editors, drivers, press operators and paper handlers of the
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Some negotiations took place at the
Newspaper Guild office at 433 Natoma Street in San Francisco.
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On
November 12, 1994, after eight straight days of negotiations mediated by San Francisco Mayor
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editor
Marcelo Rodriguez, they received assistance from Cynsa Bonorris, who coded the html, and
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after the Guild's online newspaper convinced him of the "potential of the new medium."
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A protester spells out "CONTRACT" on fence with styrofoam cups during the strike
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Union members protest in front of San
Francisco's City Hall on November 5, 1994
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had been wrongly accused of hiring an undocumented worker in the early 1980s.
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Rosenberg, Scott (2009-06-16). "The unedited voice of a person: Dave Winer".
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Say
Everything: How Blogging Began, What It's Becoming, and Why It Matters
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The striking journalists set up their own online newspaper, the
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San
Francisco Mayor Frank Jordan meets with union leaders at
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scored a scoop during its first week, reporting that
Senator
401:"Strike Prevents Delivery of San Francisco Daily Newspapers"
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as "the soul of the Examiner and the Chronicle." Led by the
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King, Patricia (1994-11-21). "On Strike But Online, Too".
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Stein, M L (November 12, 1994). "Plagued with violence".
735:"Net magazine Salon epitomizes fate of mind over matter"
481:"A Newspaper Labor Dispute Spawns an On-Line Rivalry"
54:
42:
34:
20:
647:
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598:(eBook ed.). New York: Crown. p. 50.
814:Newspaper labor disputes in the United States
679:"Agreement in San Francisco Newspaper Strike"
204:re-launched his pilot web project called the
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233:s Associate Editor Bruce Koon and former
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804:Protests in the San Francisco Bay Area
773:San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994
90:San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994
21:San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994
7:
112:walked off the job for eleven days.
100:'s two major daily newspapers, the
789:1990s strikes in the United States
92:was a labor dispute called by the
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349:staff to the web. Among them was
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654:"Nov. 6-12: The News, Virtually"
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196:At the beginning of the strike,
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794:1994 labor disputes and strikes
399:Margolick, David (1994-11-02).
96:in November 1994. Employees of
660:(New York ed.). p. 2
652:Lewis, Peter H. (1994-11-13).
630:The Wall Street Journal Online
479:Lewis, Peter H. (1994-11-09).
374:Farhi, Paul (September 1999).
1:
733:Herhold, Scott (1997-12-28).
338:San Francisco Bay Area portal
799:Labor disputes in California
703:Pogash, Carol (1996-06-01).
550:The San Francisco Free Press
451:Gulker, Chris (1994-08-31).
624:Bialik, Carl (2004-05-12).
264:Negotiations and settlement
835:
709:American Journalism Review
520:"San Francisco Free Press"
380:American Journalism Review
149:The San Francisco Examiner
109:The San Francisco Examiner
71:The San Francisco Examiner
544:Morse, Rob (1999-11-13).
245:for rented server space.
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570:"SF Free Press staffbox"
546:"Winning the good fight"
223:San Francisco Free Press
705:"Cyberspace Journalism"
324:Organized labour portal
143:San Francisco Chronicle
103:San Francisco Chronicle
67:San Francisco Chronicle
426:Editor & Publisher
376:"The Death of the JOA"
200:s Head of Development
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819:1994 in San Francisco
739:San Jose Mercury News
160:Two online newspapers
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809:Events in California
775:at Wikimedia Commons
745:on February 21, 1999
715:on December 28, 1996
225:, and competed with
152:walked off the job.
116:Leadup to the strike
38:November 1--12, 1994
658:The New York Times
485:The New York Times
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771:Media related to
605:978-0-307-45138-5
457:Electric Examiner
206:Electric Examiner
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747:. Retrieved
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685:. 1994-11-12
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453:"News Wires"
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270:Frank Jordan
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783:Categories
749:2011-07-07
719:2011-07-08
689:2011-02-03
664:2011-02-02
635:2010-08-13
580:2009-09-08
555:2009-09-08
530:2009-09-08
490:2009-09-08
462:2009-09-08
432:(46): 16.
410:2011-02-04
385:2009-09-08
361:References
250:Free Press
239:Dave Winer
128:The strike
77:Management
438:0013-094X
355:Salon.com
300:City Hall
235:SF Weekly
231:Examiner'
574:The Well
524:The Well
506:Newsweek
347:Examiner
227:The Gate
210:The Gate
43:Location
55:Parties
602:
436:
310:Impact
215:SFGate
600:ISBN
434:ISSN
248:The
146:and
106:and
88:The
69:and
35:Date
430:127
243:ISP
208:as
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
