497:
488:
285:
segments, defined the Anza segment to include the Clark and Casa Loma faults, and updated the slip rates for each segment. The three northern sections (San
Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Anza) were assigned 12 mm per year of slip and the four remaining sections were given 4 mm of slip, and error rates were half the total estimated slip for each segment (±6 mm and ±2 mm respectively) with the exception of the Anza segment which had slightly exaggerated rates of +7 mm and −5 mm.
131:. The extreme southern portion of the SAF has experienced two moderate events in historical times, while the SJFZ is one of California's most active fault zones and has repeatedly produced both moderate and large events. The locations of earthquakes before the 1954 Arroyo Salada earthquake are not precisely known, but the events' effects place them on the SJFZ and not on the SAF. The 1923 North San Jacinto Fault earthquake struck the
451:), Sanders and Kanamori determined the seismogenic but locked nature of the gap. Were the entire fault segment to rupture in a single event, this newly modified length limited the potential of the segment to generate a magnitude 6.5 earthquake, similar in size to previous events along the SJFZ. However, if the slip were to extend out of the Anza area, the earthquake could be up to, but not larger than 7.0 in magnitude.
474:, Christopher Sanders plotted the earthquakes of the SJFZ by time and location and found that a uniform pattern became apparent. Moving southeastward from the Cajon Pass, the large SJFZ events appear on a line with a slope of 1.7 km per year and Sanders hypothesized that the 1857 earthquake introduced a strain pulse that migrated southeast and triggered large earthquakes as it traversed the SJFZ at that rate.
293:
and decreased estimates for inherent displacement, the Anza segment (17%) was determined to have a decreased probability, based on an increased segment length. The Coyote Creek (18%), Superstition
Mountain (9%), and Superstition Hills (2%) segments received first time estimates (none were assigned in 1988) and the Borrego Mountain segment received a more specific value of 6%.
302:
707:. The two events were separated by eleven hours and were located in the western Imperial Valley on the Superstition Hills Fault and a previously unknown fault. Damage in Westmoreland, Imperial, and El Centro consisted of collapsed chimneys, broken windows, and damaged highways. The Worthington Road bridge, at the
759:. To the northeast are several cross faults that trend northeast. One of these faults ruptured during a large aftershock of the 1979 event and another slipped as the smaller of the two shocks during the November 1987 sequence. The first shock (on what became known as the Elmore Ranch fault) measured 6.2
545:
and six were killed by adobe walls that collapsed at Soboba (just east of San
Jacinto). A 46 m (151 ft) fissure, which may have been surface rupture of the San Jacinto Fault, ran under a house that was severely damaged near Hemet. The effects of the early morning earthquake were severe. Not
344:
The San
Jacinto Valley is a 25 km long, ~4 km wide valley that was formed by extension in a region of overlap between two major parallel strands of the SJFZ. The valley is bounded by the Claremont strand to the northwest (see above) and the 25 km long Casa Loma strand to the southeast.
292:
for segment-rupturing earthquakes were estimated using three separate models then a preferred weighted result was presented for each segment. While the San
Bernardino (37%) and San Jacinto (43%) segments both saw large increases since the 1988 report, due in part to increased estimates for slip rates
399:
examined the surface rupture (along with a trench investigation) in 1989 and estimated the slip rate for the prior 330 years to be 2 – 6 mm/yr (±1 mm). The
Working Group used these new figures to assign a slip rate of 4 ±2 mm/yr with an average recurrence interval of 250 (+400 / -133)
394:
The 1988 Working Group defined the segment as two parallel strands, the
Superstition Hills and Superstition Mountain faults, though no slip rate or recurrence interval was known. On November 23, 1987 the Working Group determined that the available information was still not adequate to assign 30-year
430:
strike-slip SJFZ is southern
California's most restless fault, with the exception of several sections which have seen less frequent activity. In a 1975 study, one of these (a 40 km (25 mi) stretch) was labeled the "Anza to Coyote Mountain slip gap", and was further refined in a 1984 paper
715:
and at the Desert Test Range
Control Center, water tanks toppled into the building and other equipment crashed through a window. Activities were suspended there for several days due to the damage. The Southern California Irrigation District estimated damage to be $ 600,000 – $ 750,000. The initial
335:
to the west. A series of moderate earthquakes affected this area in the 1890s, though it is uncertain how many of these occurred specifically on the SJFZ. The
Claremont strand has not had a major earthquake in the instrumental period, but paleoseismology indicates that its last surface rupturing
81:
The SJFZ itself consists of many individual fault segments, some of which have only been individualized as recently as the 1980s, but activity along the line of faults has been documented since the 1890s. One segment of the SJFZ, the Anza seismic gap, has not experienced any major activity since
361:
While the 1988 Working Group included the Clark, Coyote Creek, and Buck Ridge faults, the 1995 Working Group limited the segment to just the 90 km (56 mi) Clark fault. A paleoseismic investigation on this segment at Hog Lake indicated three historical surface-rupturing events occurred
463:
that ruptured the central segment of the San Andreas Fault. These events began with the 1899 San Jacinto earthquake and occurred at intermittent intervals culminating with the 1987 Superstition Hills and Elmore Ranch events. The 1857 rupture spanned a total of 360 kilometers (220 mi) and
349:, continues southeastward out of the valley. This area was heavily damaged by the historic earthquakes of 1899 and 1918. The 1899 event is thought to have occurred within the valley, likely on the Casa Loma strand, while the 1918 event has been identified on the Clark strand between Hemet and
284:
The original Working Group in 1988 had identified five segments of the fault zone. From north to south, the segments were labeled the San Bernardino Valley, San Jacinto Valley, Anza, Borrego Mountain, and Superstition Hills. The 1995 group then added the Coyote Creek and Superstition Mountain
723:
preceded the main shocks and a series of aftershocks included two in the range of magnitude five. On the Mexican side of the border, 50 injuries and two deaths were reported, and 44 were treated for their injuries in California. According to the spokesperson for the state of
276:
in southern California with the intention of updating the data and the approach for calculating the probabilities for large earthquakes along the southern San Andreas and San Jacinto Fault zones. Both these fault zones were grouped together as having adequate
631:, this was the strongest earthquake to affect southern California since the Tehachapi earthquake fifteen years earlier. Taller buildings swayed in both Los Angeles and San Diego and power outages affected numerous areas, primarily in the cities of
651:
seismologist, stated that the earthquake was centered near Ocotillo Wells about 120 mi (190 km) southeast of Los Angeles. The mainshock occurred at 6:28 pm and aftershocks continued through the evening, but were tapering off by 10 pm.
101:. The recurrence interval for a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 (including the 5.9 1937 Terwilliger Valley earthquake) was 18, 5, 14, 5, 12, 14, and 19 years, yet there has not been a strong earthquake for 36 years (since the
522:
Uncertainty surrounds the details of this earthquake but recent studies suggest that a joint rupture of both the SAF and the San Jacinto Fault Zone to the southeast more closely match the damage pattern recorded about this event.
635:. Power failures along with disruption to telephone service caused problems in the Hemet Valley area, and smaller power outages in Los Angeles and Orange Counties also occurred. A brick wall collapsed at a laundromat in
614:. One house was split apart in Ocotillo Wells with one bedroom becoming detached from the rest of the home. The mainshock was felt in Arizona and Nevada and the largest aftershock damaged a theater's walls in
82:
instrumental records have been kept. Each segment was evaluated for its seismic risk and was assigned a probability for the occurrence of a large rupture for the thirty-year period starting in 1995.
716:
shock produced a small amount of deformation in the canal's liner while the second main shock caused considerable damage to thousands of feet of canal lining in the northwest section of the valley.
252:
A 1995 report by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities identified seven individual segments of the SJFZ. The group consisted of more than three dozen seismologists, including
412:
dated the events to 885–1440. The slip rate for the Borrego mountain segment (4 ± 2mm/yr) was extrapolated for use along the segment and a recurrence interval of 340 years was established.
315:
The northernmost primary strand of the SJFZ is the Claremont strand (though subsidiary parallel strands exist). It spans a total of 75 km (47 mi), from its northern endpoint in
2479:
408:
Three surface-faulting events were found to have occurred along this newly added segment. A trench investigation by Larry Gurrola and Thomas Rockwell near the north shore of ancient
2454:
1074:
2484:
2474:
305:
California Coast, Los Angeles to San Diego Bay. Overlaid lines on this NASA photo (2008) identify the San Jacinto Fault Zone (right) parallel to the Elsinore Fault (left)
2469:
2459:
2449:
736:, a USGS seismologist, stated that the faults in the area are difficult to track down because of the sediment deposited in the valley, which had been an intermittent
2444:
1948:
85:
While several of the large earthquakes along the SJFZ have not resulted in significant property damage or loss of life (due to their remote location) the cities of
546:
all the buildings in San Jacinto were completely destroyed by the thirty seconds of shaking, but most of the brick buildings' second floors were heavily damaged. (
135:
area of southern California at a time of relatively low population, and a repeat event in modern times would result in heavy property damage and loss of life.
1499:
2256:
70:
transform system and is considered to be the most seismically active fault zone in the area. Together they relieve the majority of the stress between the
1862:
1111:
2380:
31:
1415:
1362:
1061:"Interaction of the San Jacinto and San Andreas fault zones, Southern California: triggered earthquake migration and coupled recurrence intervals"
269:
708:
395:
probabilities. On November 24, 1987 the fault ruptured, along with an unknown fault (later named the Elmore Ranch fault). Kenneth W. Hudnut and
370:
With a recurrence period of 175 (+158 / -95) years, no surface-rupturing event has occurred on this 40 km (25 mi) segment since 1892.
2014:
2434:
1900:
261:
1724:
1941:
1060:
698:
517:
102:
2340:
1237:
Main, Dick (April 9, 1968). "Quake Jolts L.A.; Much of Southwest Feels Shocks; Most Violent Temblor Since 1952 Makes Buildings Sway".
879:
648:
464:
terminated on the southeast end near the point where the San Jacinto Fault Zone branches away from the San Andreas Fault Zone at the
2038:
841:
47:
932:"Evidence for seven surface ruptures in the past 1600 years on the Claremont Fault at Mystic Lake, northern San Jacinto Fault Zone"
2215:
1915:
1877:
1469:
1438:
1342:
985:
943:
610:
and large boulders blocked the Montezuma-Borrego Springs Highway. Other rockslides occurred at Palm Canyon and Split Mountain in
586:
383:
619:
505:
USGS ShakeMaps for the 1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake (left) and the second (stronger) mainshock in the November 1987 sequence
2391:
1492:
756:
265:
2330:
2494:
2325:
1934:
611:
243:
2124:
974:"LiDAR and Field Observations of Slip Distribution for the Most Recent Surface Ruptures along the Central San Jacinto Fault"
496:
2066:
2002:
1606:
1270:
487:
2386:
1905:
804:
773:
704:
655:
599:
549:
55:
51:
2179:
1601:
2439:
2096:
1990:
1910:
1641:
640:
532:
336:
event occurred in the early 19th century, and that comparable earthquakes occur on average of every 160 to 220 years.
98:
94:
59:
643:) but no one was injured, and in the seaside neighborhoods of San Diego county several hundred windows were broken.
2489:
2302:
2086:
1852:
1485:
1477:
1377:
871:
747:
The Superstition Hills fault (SHF) lies between the Coyote Creek fault that ruptured during the 1968 event and the
607:
460:
132:
2246:
1759:
1754:
752:
603:
1996:
1984:
1837:
362:
around 1210, 1530, and 1750 with an average recurrence period for a magnitude 7.0–7.5 earthquake of 250 years.
1115:
328:
2292:
2174:
2061:
1867:
1832:
1749:
1714:
1676:
1661:
644:
636:
592:
538:
273:
90:
1454:
1327:
323:. Within the San Bernardino Valley itself, the SJFZ approaches or intersects the right-lateral strike-slip
2464:
760:
2320:
1397:
2396:
2375:
2350:
2076:
1857:
1842:
1646:
310:
1769:
332:
2334:
1779:
1556:
1381:
1149:
1078:
989:
947:
692:
615:
345:
The Clark strand, which is separated from the Casa Loma by a small compressional step in the city of
124:
75:
2271:
2297:
2198:
2119:
1926:
1872:
1706:
1596:
1591:
1566:
1548:
1422:
1275:
114:
63:
2413:
2408:
2184:
2169:
2129:
2091:
2020:
1804:
1784:
1734:
1636:
1616:
1571:
320:
1363:"A seismotectonic analysis of the Anza Seismic Gap, San Jacinto Fault Zone, Southern California"
30:
2189:
2071:
2032:
1847:
1764:
1696:
1651:
1626:
1611:
1533:
1239:
1183:
1165:
1094:
1065:
875:
627:
542:
470:
346:
324:
120:
86:
67:
1426:
931:
1882:
1774:
1739:
1686:
1666:
1442:
1389:
1346:
1173:
1157:
1086:
997:
955:
733:
436:
350:
257:
732:
that claimed the lives of a mother and her four-year-old son was blamed on the earthquake.
537:
On December 25, with a maximum intensity of MM IX, this magnitude 6.6 earthquake destroyed
272:. The 1995 paper was the third in a series of reports that was set in motion following the
2159:
2081:
2026:
1978:
1961:
1814:
1794:
1789:
1719:
1671:
1581:
1511:
973:
725:
632:
427:
379:
43:
459:
At least six large ruptures of the San Jacinto Fault Zone are known to have followed the
1385:
1271:"2 Dead, Scores Injured In California Quakes; Some Buildings Damaged in Imperial Valley"
1153:
1082:
993:
951:
439:. By studying several moderate events (and their aftershocks) that occurred in 1967 (4.7
2287:
2251:
1691:
1538:
1358:
1178:
1137:
748:
741:
737:
602:
area and created a 31 km (19 mi) surface break along the Coyote Creek Fault.
432:
2428:
2402:
2370:
2230:
2164:
2133:
2044:
1824:
1744:
1729:
1681:
1631:
1621:
1576:
409:
128:
71:
1022:
917:
905:
893:
2345:
2266:
2137:
2008:
1586:
712:
278:
247:
703:
Two earthquakes in late November caused property damage totaling three million in
1409:
1090:
17:
2261:
2225:
2143:
1887:
1809:
1799:
1561:
1266:
598:
earthquake with a maximum perceived intensity of MM VII hit the extreme eastern
421:
289:
1280:
2220:
1958:
1519:
1508:
1323:
465:
396:
316:
253:
1169:
1138:"A case for historic joint rupture of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults"
819:
806:
788:
775:
670:
657:
564:
551:
1515:
1455:"Seismic hazards in southern California: Probable earthquakes, 1994 to 2024"
1393:
720:
1446:
1350:
1187:
1161:
1098:
972:
Salisbury, J. B.; Rockwell, T. K.; Middleton, T. J.; Hudnut, K. W. (2012),
435:
to include only a smaller 20 km (12 mi) section near the town of
281:
data to assign conditional probabilities for future damaging earthquakes.
729:
930:
Onderdonk, N. W.; Rockwell, T. K.; McGill, S.; Marliyani, G. I. (2013),
301:
1001:
959:
1328:"Behavior of the Superstition Hills Fault during the past 330 years"
426:
With at least six and as many as ten large events since 1890, the
1930:
1481:
1453:
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (1995),
1023:
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities 1995
918:
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities 1995
906:
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities 1995
894:
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities 1995
766:
and the shock 11.4 hours later on the SHF measured 6.6 M
93:
were both heavily damaged in two significant events in
34:
Map showing the San Jacinto Fault Zone outlined in red
1411:
Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised)
2363:
2311:
2280:
2239:
2208:
2152:
2112:
2105:
2054:
1969:
1823:
1705:
1547:
1526:
1075:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
137:
123:accommodate up to 80% of the slip rate between the
1414:, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527,
103:1987 Superstition Hills and Elmore Ranch sequence
1462:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1431:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1335:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
978:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
936:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1046:
386:and shares a recurrence interval of 175 years.
2480:Geography of San Bernardino County, California
1427:"The San Jacinto earthquake of April 21, 1918"
1942:
1493:
1253:
1224:
1200:
1112:"Research Reveals a Dual Fault Threat | ASCE"
8:
2455:Geology of San Bernardino County, California
378:The extent of this segment is based on the
2109:
1949:
1935:
1927:
1863:Rescue Lineament-Bear Mountains fault zone
1500:
1486:
1478:
1304:
1034:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
2485:Geography of San Diego County, California
2475:Geography of Riverside County, California
1177:
431:by seismologists Christopher Sanders and
2470:Geography of Imperial County, California
2331:Middleton Place–Summerville Seismic Zone
1416:United States Government Printing Office
300:
66:. The SJFZ is a component of the larger
29:
2460:Geology of San Diego County, California
2450:Geology of Riverside County, California
1212:
858:
270:California Office of Emergency Services
2445:Geology of Imperial County, California
2257:Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system
2015:Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
1408:Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L. (1993),
1049:, pp. 5873, 5881–5882, 5877, 5889
468:. In a paper published in the journal
2381:Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
262:Southern California Earthquake Center
7:
1725:Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault
728:, a motor vehicle accident east of
699:1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes
687:1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes
518:1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake
512:1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake
119:The San Jacinto Fault Zone and the
2341:Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone
25:
2039:Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone
842:List of earthquakes in California
327:to the north, the oblique normal
2216:Independence Valley fault system
1878:Sierra Nevada-Great Valley Block
1470:Seismological Society of America
1439:Seismological Society of America
1343:Seismological Society of America
986:Seismological Society of America
944:Seismological Society of America
587:1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake
581:1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake
495:
486:
384:1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake
319:to its southern endpoint in the
2392:Lesser Antilles subduction zone
1370:Journal of Geophysical Research
1136:Lozos, Julian C. (2016-03-01).
757:1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
27:Southern Californian fault zone
2326:Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone
612:Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
244:California earthquake forecast
42:(SJFZ) is a major strike-slip
1:
2067:Laurentian Slope Seismic Zone
2003:Clarendon-Linden fault system
1607:Northridge Blind Thrust Fault
625:According to a report in the
606:was damaged with cracks near
230:WGCEP 1995, pp. 386, 387
2435:Seismic faults of California
2387:Gulf of California Rift Zone
1906:California Geological Survey
1114:. 2017-07-02. Archived from
1091:10.1126/science.260.5110.973
591:On April 9, a magnitude 6.4
2247:Central Oklahoma Fault Zone
2097:Western Quebec Seismic Zone
1991:Canadian Arctic Rift System
1911:Seismic Hazards Mapping Act
1642:San Diego Trough Fault Zone
1047:Sanders & Kanamori 1984
641:El Centro Metropolitan Area
620:Mexico–United States border
533:1899 San Jacinto earthquake
527:1899 San Jacinto earthquake
260:, and was organized by the
2511:
2303:Wabash Valley Seismic Zone
2087:Saint Lawrence rift system
1972:(crosses national borders)
1853:Maria fold and thrust belt
1378:American Geophysical Union
872:Cambridge University Press
868:Active Faults of the World
696:
690:
584:
530:
515:
461:1857 Fort Tejon earthquake
419:
308:
241:
112:
2125:Olympic–Wallowa Lineament
1896:
1760:Mount Diablo Thrust Fault
1755:Mendocino Triple Junction
1254:Stover & Coffman 1993
1225:Stover & Coffman 1993
1201:Stover & Coffman 1993
753:1940 El Centro earthquake
751:that ruptured during the
604:California State Route 78
455:Link to San Andreas Fault
228:
1997:Cascadia subduction zone
1985:Basin and Range Province
1838:Furnace Creek Fault Zone
329:Crafton Hills Fault Zone
2293:New Madrid Seismic Zone
2180:Newport–Inglewood Fault
2175:Mendocino Fracture Zone
2062:Charlevoix Seismic Zone
1868:Sierra Nevada Batholith
1833:Death Valley Fault Zone
1750:Mendocino Fracture Zone
1677:Sierra Madre Fault Zone
1662:Santa Maria River Fault
1602:Newport–Inglewood Fault
1394:10.1029/jb089ib07p05873
1294:(subscription required)
1059:Sanders, C. O. (1993),
400:years for the segment.
274:1992 Landers earthquake
121:San Andreas Fault (SAF)
46:zone that runs through
2195:San Jacinto Fault Zone
1715:Bartlett Springs Fault
1657:San Jacinto Fault Zone
1447:10.1785/BSSA0080020045
1351:10.1785/BSSA0790020330
1305:Hudnut & Sieh 1989
1256:, pp. 98, 179–180
1162:10.1126/sciadv.1500621
1035:Hudnut & Sieh 1989
404:Superstition Mountains
306:
40:San Jacinto Fault Zone
35:
2495:San Jacinto Mountains
2397:Middle America Trench
2376:Chixoy-Polochic Fault
2351:Virginia Seismic Zone
2312:Appalachian Mountains
2113:Washington and Oregon
2077:Queen Charlotte Fault
1843:Honey Lake Fault Zone
1647:San Felipe Fault Zone
1283:on September 24, 2015
1269:(November 25, 1987).
874:, pp. 102, 103,
420:Further information:
331:to the east, and the
311:San Bernardino Valley
304:
297:San Bernardino Valley
33:
2364:Caribbean and Mexico
1557:Brawley Seismic Zone
693:Brawley Seismic Zone
2321:Aiken–Augusta Fault
2298:Sandwich Fault Zone
2199:Elsinore Fault Zone
2120:Brothers Fault Zone
1873:Sierra Nevada Fault
1707:Northern California
1597:Laguna Salada Fault
1592:Imperial Fault Zone
1567:Elsinore Fault Zone
1549:Southern California
1386:1984JGR....89.5873S
1307:, pp. 304, 305
1276:The Washington Post
1154:2016SciA....2E0621L
1083:1993Sci...260..973S
994:2012BuSSA.102..598S
952:2013BuSSA.103..519O
920:, pp. 386, 387
908:, pp. 383, 385
816: /
785: /
667: /
561: /
218:Superstition Hills
115:Elsinore Fault Zone
64:Southern California
2440:Strike-slip faults
2414:Puerto Rico Trench
2409:Pedro Miguel Fault
2314:and Atlantic Coast
2185:Puente Hills Fault
2170:Hayward Fault Zone
2092:Timiskaming Graben
2021:Puget Sound faults
1959:seismically active
1858:Owens Valley Fault
1805:Silver Creek Fault
1785:San Gregorio Fault
1735:Hayward Fault Zone
1637:San Cayetano Fault
1617:Puente Hills Fault
1572:Elysian Park Fault
1509:Seismically active
1227:, pp. 91, 154
1203:, pp. 74, 113
1025:, pp. 429–431
1002:10.1785/0120110068
960:10.1785/0120120060
866:Yeats, R. (2012),
390:Superstition Hills
340:San Jacinto Valley
321:San Jacinto Valley
307:
36:
2490:Peninsular Ranges
2422:
2421:
2405:(Central America)
2399:(Central America)
2359:
2358:
2267:Nemaha Fault Zone
2190:Rose Canyon Fault
2072:Leech River Fault
2033:San Andreas Fault
1924:
1923:
1848:Kern Canyon Fault
1765:Monta Vista Fault
1697:Yorba Linda Fault
1652:San Gabriel Fault
1627:Rose Canyon Fault
1612:Peninsular Ranges
1534:San Andreas Fault
1240:Los Angeles Times
628:Los Angeles Times
325:San Andreas Fault
235:
234:
231:
207:Superstition Mtn
78:tectonic plates.
18:San Jacinto fault
16:(Redirected from
2502:
2110:
1964:of North America
1951:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1883:Smartville Block
1775:Pleasanton Fault
1770:Nacimiento Fault
1740:Healdsburg Fault
1687:White Wolf Fault
1667:Santa Ynez Fault
1527:Statewide Faults
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1459:
1449:
1418:
1404:
1402:
1396:, archived from
1367:
1357:Sanders, C. O.;
1353:
1332:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1279:. Archived from
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1142:Science Advances
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1005:
1004:
969:
963:
962:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
884:
863:
831:
830:
828:
827:
826:
821:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
800:
799:
797:
796:
795:
790:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
734:Thomas H. Heaton
711:, failed due to
682:
681:
679:
678:
677:
672:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
600:San Diego County
576:
575:
573:
572:
571:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
499:
490:
447:), and 1980 (5.5
416:Anza seismic gap
374:Borrego Mountain
333:Cucamonga Thrust
258:C. Allin Cornell
229:
138:
21:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2355:
2335:Woodstock Fault
2313:
2307:
2276:
2235:
2204:
2160:Calaveras Fault
2148:
2101:
2082:Saguenay Graben
2050:
2027:Rio Grande rift
1979:Aleutian Trench
1971:
1965:
1955:
1925:
1920:
1892:
1819:
1815:West Napa Fault
1795:Seal Cove Fault
1790:San Pablo Fault
1780:Rinconada Fault
1720:Calaveras Fault
1701:
1672:Shoreline Fault
1582:Hollywood fault
1543:
1522:
1516:tectonic blocks
1506:
1476:
1457:
1452:
1421:
1407:
1400:
1365:
1356:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1148:(3): e1500621.
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1008:
971:
970:
966:
929:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
888:
882:
865:
864:
860:
850:
838:
824:
822:
818:
815:
810:
807:
805:
803:
802:
793:
791:
787:
784:
779:
776:
774:
772:
771:
769:
764:
726:Baja California
705:Imperial County
701:
695:
689:
675:
673:
669:
666:
661:
658:
656:
654:
653:
645:Charles Richter
633:Imperial Valley
596:
589:
583:
569:
567:
563:
560:
555:
552:
550:
548:
547:
535:
529:
520:
514:
509:
508:
507:
506:
502:
501:
500:
492:
491:
480:
457:
450:
446:
442:
424:
418:
406:
392:
380:surface rupture
376:
368:
359:
342:
313:
299:
250:
240:
152:San Bernardino
117:
111:
109:Characteristics
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Marianna Fault
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2272:Wilzetta Fault
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Humboldt Fault
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1692:Whittier Fault
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1539:Salinian Block
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1474:
1450:
1423:Townley, S. D.
1419:
1405:
1354:
1322:Hudnut, K.W.;
1318:
1310:
1309:
1297:
1258:
1246:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1128:
1103:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1006:
964:
922:
910:
898:
886:
881:978-0521190855
880:
857:
856:
849:
846:
845:
844:
837:
834:
820:33.0°N 115.8°W
789:33.1°N 115.8°W
767:
762:
749:Imperial Fault
742:Colorado River
738:drainage basin
697:Main article:
688:
685:
671:33.2°N 116.1°W
608:Ocotillo Wells
594:
585:Main article:
582:
579:
565:33.8°N 117.0°W
531:Main article:
528:
525:
516:Main article:
513:
510:
504:
503:
494:
493:
485:
484:
483:
482:
481:
479:
476:
456:
453:
448:
444:
440:
433:Hiroo Kanamori
417:
414:
405:
402:
391:
388:
375:
372:
367:
364:
358:
355:
341:
338:
298:
295:
239:
236:
233:
232:
226:
225:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
142:
129:Pacific plates
125:North American
110:
107:
76:North American
48:San Bernardino
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2507:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Inland Empire
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:Motagua Fault
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Cayman Trough
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2231:Wasatch Fault
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Garlock Fault
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2134:Seattle Fault
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:United States
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2045:Tintina Fault
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:North America
1968:
1963:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1917:
1916:Mexico (list)
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:Sierra Nevada
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Maacama Fault
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:Concord Fault
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Ventura Fault
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Salton Trough
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Raymond Fault
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Garlock Fault
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1403:on 2014-05-17
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:: 5873–5890,
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1118:on 2017-07-02
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1037:, p. 325
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
923:
919:
914:
911:
907:
902:
899:
896:, p. 379
895:
890:
887:
883:
877:
873:
869:
862:
859:
855:
854:
847:
843:
840:
839:
835:
833:
829:
798:
765:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
717:
714:
710:
706:
700:
694:
686:
684:
680:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
588:
580:
578:
574:
544:
540:
534:
526:
524:
519:
511:
498:
489:
477:
475:
473:
472:
467:
462:
454:
452:
438:
434:
429:
428:right-lateral
423:
415:
413:
411:
410:Lake Cahuilla
403:
401:
398:
389:
387:
385:
381:
373:
371:
365:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
339:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
312:
303:
296:
294:
291:
290:probabilities
286:
282:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
245:
237:
227:
223:
220:
217:
216:
212:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
185:Coyote Creek
184:
183:
179:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:Last rupture
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
134:
133:Inland Empire
130:
126:
122:
116:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2346:Ramapo Fault
2240:Great Plains
2194:
2138:Tacoma Fault
2009:Denali Fault
1656:
1587:Hosgri Fault
1465:
1461:
1434:
1430:
1410:
1398:the original
1373:
1369:
1359:Kanamori, H.
1338:
1334:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1287:November 22,
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1274:
1267:Mathews, Jay
1261:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1220:
1215:, p. 61
1213:Townley 1918
1208:
1196:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1116:the original
1106:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1042:
1030:
981:
977:
967:
939:
935:
925:
913:
901:
889:
867:
861:
852:
851:
825:33.0; -115.8
794:33.1; -115.8
746:
718:
713:liquefaction
702:
676:33.2; -116.1
626:
624:
590:
570:33.8; -117.0
536:
521:
469:
458:
443:), 1975 (4.8
425:
407:
393:
377:
369:
366:Coyote Creek
360:
343:
314:
288:Thirty year
287:
283:
279:paleoseismic
251:
248:Seismic risk
196:Borrego Mtn
163:San Jacinto
118:
84:
80:
62:Counties in
39:
37:
2262:Meers Fault
2226:Teton Fault
2209:Great Basin
2144:Walker Lane
2130:Puget Sound
1888:Walker Lane
1810:Tesla Fault
1800:Serra Fault
1562:Chino Fault
1512:fault zones
1345:: 304–339,
1077:: 973–976,
988:: 598–619,
946:: 519–541,
823: /
792: /
674: /
637:Westmorland
568: /
539:San Jacinto
478:Earthquakes
422:Seismic gap
221:22 km
210:23 km
199:29 km
188:40 km
177:90 km
166:42 km
155:35 km
91:San Jacinto
68:San Andreas
2429:Categories
2221:Moab Fault
2153:California
1520:California
1122:2019-05-16
848:References
721:foreshocks
691:See also:
466:Cajon Pass
397:Kerry Sieh
317:Cajon Pass
309:See also:
254:Keiiti Aki
242:See also:
113:See also:
1472:: 379–439
1441:: 45–62,
1170:2375-2548
709:New River
618:near the
56:San Diego
52:Riverside
1901:Category
1425:(1918),
1361:(1984),
1326:(1989),
1324:Sieh, K.
1188:27034977
1099:17818388
1073:(5110),
836:See also
811:115°48′W
780:115°48′W
755:and the
730:Mexicali
719:Several
662:116°06′W
639:(in the
616:Calexico
556:117°00′W
268:and the
264:for the
238:Segments
60:Imperial
2281:Midwest
2047:(US–CA)
2041:(US–CA)
2035:(US–MX)
2029:(US–MX)
2023:(US–CA)
2017:(CA–US)
2011:(US–CA)
2005:(US–CA)
1999:(US–CA)
1993:(CA–GL)
1987:(US–MX)
1981:(US–RU)
1437:(2–3),
1382:Bibcode
1315:Sources
1179:4803493
1150:Bibcode
1079:Bibcode
1066:Science
990:Bibcode
948:Bibcode
808:33°00′N
777:33°06′N
740:of the
659:33°12′N
649:Caltech
553:33°48′N
471:Science
382:of the
141:Segment
72:Pacific
2383:(Cuba)
2055:Canada
1962:faults
1957:Major
1376:(B7),
1186:
1176:
1168:
1097:
878:
801:&
144:Length
58:, and
1468:(2),
1458:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1341:(2),
1331:(PDF)
984:(2),
942:(1),
853:Notes
543:Hemet
347:Hemet
224:1987
213:1430
202:1968
191:1892
180:1750
174:Anza
169:1918
158:1890
87:Hemet
44:fault
1514:and
1435:VIII
1289:2012
1184:PMID
1166:ISSN
1095:PMID
876:ISBN
647:, a
541:and
437:Anza
357:Anza
351:Anza
266:USGS
256:and
246:and
127:and
99:1918
97:and
95:1899
89:and
74:and
38:The
1518:of
1443:doi
1390:doi
1347:doi
1174:PMC
1158:doi
1087:doi
1071:260
998:doi
982:102
956:doi
940:103
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2136:,
1466:85
1464:,
1460:,
1433:,
1429:,
1388:,
1374:89
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1368:,
1339:79
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1182:.
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1156:.
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980:,
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870:,
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622:.
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353:.
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2201:)
2197:(
2140:)
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1943:t
1936:v
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1494:t
1487:v
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1190:.
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768:s
763:s
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652:(
595:L
593:M
449:L
445:L
441:L
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