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and the offering of human blood in a sacrifice goblet that appears in Moche art. The women buried at San Jose de Moro are wearing the same headdresses and are interred with similar “Sacrifice goblets” that are seen in the iconography of these ceremonies. Their importance in participation in these
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and headed by archaeologist Luis Jamie
Castillo. In 1991, each excavation unit held dimensions of 2m x 2m. In 1996, the unit size increased to 6m x 6m and since the year 2000, units are 10m x 10m in size. The larger unit size allows researchers to have a better understanding of the relationships
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The final occupation at the site ranges from 1000–1350 AD during the
Lambayeque Period. San Jose de Moro declined in importance as a ceremonial funerary center during this time. Despite this, the site continued to hold some prestige and received several burials of importance. This period of less
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region is sandy and dry in an area of the country that receives almost no rainfall; the arid conditions providing an ideal environment for high preservation of archaeological material. In the region surrounding San Jose de Moro, there are several other archaeological sites of importance including:
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Over the two decades of excavations at San Jose de Moro several burials have been uncovered containing high status female individuals. The importance of these women is indicated by their attire and by the number and nature of the burial offerings in their association. Furthermore, several of the
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The collapse of the Moche in San Jose de Moro was rather abrupt; nevertheless, the site was continually occupied during the
Transitional Period. Relatively large quantities of foreign ceramics appear associated with local burials during the transition, including Wari, NieverĂa, Atarco, Pativilca,
339:
discs. Metal engravings in the shapes of arms and legs were attached to the sides of the coffin as well as a headdress shaped engraving at the head of the coffin. Five additional females were buried with the primary individual inside the chamber tomb. Funerary offerings in the tomb included:
240:
Boot-shaped tombs are associated with the Middle and Late Moche periods. The tombs usually have a 2m deep vertical access shaft that leads to a horizontal vault or chamber where the deceased individuals are placed along with offerings. After burial, the vault is sealed with an
419:, the pelvic of the second chamana and first assistant directly one over the other. A final second assistant is placed on top of the first chamana and is incomplete. Additionally, a child was found on top of the remains of the second chamana. The entire
144:, food remains, reusable pots, and well-worn surfaces. It was also during the Late Moche Period that funerary occupation reached its peak with the presence of pit tombs, boot-shaped tombs, and chamber burials. The construction of the famous tombs of the
131:
The following Late Moche Period (600–850 AD) relates to the height of Moche presence in the
Jequetepeque valley. During the Late Moche Period large storage containers, or paicas, are found. These containers were used to store the alcoholic beverage
331:, The first Priestess. The individual interred in this tomb was a woman aged 30–40 years old. The woman was accompanied by the same ornamentation as the woman depicted in Moche iconography as the Priestess. The individual was placed in a cane
237:. They are long, superficial graves that typically contain one individual with a few burial offerings. Pit tombs appear during later Transitional and Lambayeque occupations of the site with some pit tombs dating back to the Moche period.
114:
and metals. The floors during the Middle Moche Period reveal 15 cm in diameter post holes that could have supported temporary structures constructed for visitors during funerary events. Other evidence includes
217:. Caroline Coolidge an archaeology student revealed example of small-faced unbroken figurine in 2019 in San Jose de Moro. The peculiarity of this 1000 years old figurine dating back to the transition period between
164:
state rose in power in the valley. The absence of centralized power during this transitional period allowed for a greater range of cultural expression as evidenced by the various types of
110:
The earliest occupation at San Jose de Moro dates to the Middle Moche Period of 400–600 AD. This early period is characterized by boot-shaped tombs and burial offerings consisting of
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ritual ceremonies is indicated by the extensive work put into their tombs, their lavish offerings, and the evidence for grand funerary feasts held in their honor.
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that appears mostly on Moche ceramics and Moche fine line pottery has come to play an important role in understanding Moche belief systems and
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379:, one of them having been cut clean. The burial also contained five mostly complete individuals. Original interpretations of the
355:- This burial dates to the Late Transitional Period. The tomb contained several female individuals who are thought to be
172:
Cajamarca in several phases, and
Chachapoyas styles. Later, these traditions coalesced in Lambayeque and ChimĂş cultures.
259:
beam roofing. The walls of chamber tombs sometimes contain niches or benches along the edges. The content and size of
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was that there were no other items around it, as it was considered that objects like this used to be buried in graves.
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of San Jose de Moro also occurred during this time; these powerful women assumed the roles of governors of the valley.
1004:
156:
The
Transitional Period (850–1000 AD) at San Jose de Moro represents a time of change as the hegemony of the Moche
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are the most complex type of tomb found at San Jose de Moro. The chambers are built in a quadrangular shape with
629:
Butters, L. J. C.; Castillo, S. U. (2007). "The Moche of
Northern PerĂş". In Silverman, H.; Isbell, W. (eds.).
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The site of San Jose de Moro is located in a small community along the banks of the Chamán River in the
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relaying the
Sacrifice and Presentation Ceremony. This complex Moche ceremony consisted of
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399:. The first individual believed to be an assistant is incomplete and is associated with a
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and indications of feasting in the form of large spaces for the production and storage of
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and that even the most "mundane representations are of religious significance". Moche
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56:. The site served as a ceremonial funerary complex between the years 400 and 1000 AD.
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and the nature of its placement along with the arrangement of the individuals in the
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910:, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, pp. 1–45,
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individuals have been in costumes and with ornamentation that is depicted in Moche
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began at San Jose de Moro in 1991 and continue today in a program conducted by
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intense occupation shows more burials in the flexed position and containing
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942:(Speech). San Jose de Moro Bioarchaeology Program. San Jose de Moro, Peru.
407:. The second believed chamana is on top of the first assistant with the
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136:, which would have been consumed in large quantities during feasts and
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84:. The site occupies approximately 10 hectares at about 13 meters above
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often contain more than one individual and numerous grave offerings.
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Quilter, Jeffery (March 1990). "The Moche Revolt of the
Objects".
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de Moro, Portachuelo de
Charcape, Pacatnamu, and Cerro Catalina.
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with depictions of therianthropic beings and intricate rituals.
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stands as representation for Moche practices and daily life.
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ceremonies. As the Moche had no writing system, the detailed
698:"Archaeology student makes an unusual find at a Peruvian dig"
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offerings are all characteristic of high status individuals.
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ceremonies. Evidence of heavy occupation includes: numerous
722:"Rising second-year makes an unusual find at a Peruvian dig"
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Christopher Donnan has even suggested that all Moche art is
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have led to the interpretation that these women were Moche
233:
The pit tombs at San Jose de Moro are the simplest form of
363:. While the women were not buried with all of the normal
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varies with the time period they are associated with.
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shell necklaces, metal objects, and ceramic vessels.
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wall; an indicative feature of the boot-shaped tomb.
861:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
837:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
795:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
771:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
747:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
674:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
650:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
606:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
582:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
558:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
534:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
510:":: SAN JOSÉ DE MORO Archaeological Program ::"
387:, with assistants. The first chamana is a complete
383:believed the individuals to be chamanas, or female
906:Donnan, Christopher B.; McClelland, Donna (1979),
209:at the site have yielded three different types of
205:between adjacent ceremonial and funerary areas.
925:. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. 2009
8:
1044:Archaeological sites in La Libertad Region
923:"San Jose de Moro Archaeological Program"
458:and sacrificed individuals. The animal
202:Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
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938:Tomasto Cagigao, Elsa (July 4, 2011).
632:Handbook of South American Archaeology
908:The Burial Theme in Moche Iconography
423:was then filled with other bones and
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168:traditions found during this time.
72:. San Jose de Moro lies along the
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1:
93:Cerro Chepen, San Ildefonso,
76:between the modern cities of
1049:Archaeological sites in Peru
892:Tomasto Cagigao, 4 July 2011
883:Tomasto Cagigao, 4 July 2011
27:Archaeological site in Peru
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865:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
841:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
799:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
775:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
751:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
678:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
654:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
610:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
586:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
562:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
538:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
514:sanjosedemoro.pucp.edu.pe
951:Latin American Antiquity
454:are often indicative of
415:being inserted into her
335:that was covered with
303:is also indicative of
817:Quilter, 1990, pg. 44
375:accompanied by three
66:Jequetepeque District
74:Pan-American Highway
1016: /
434:and the associated
430:The nature of this
223:Lambayeque cultures
152:Transitional Period
106:Middle Moche Period
38:archaeological site
1020:7.1819°S 79.4382°W
638:. Blackwell Press.
405:musical instrument
52:, of Northwestern
50:La Libertad Region
1025:-7.1819; -79.4382
466:and accompanying
456:secondary burials
446:. The incomplete
395:offerings on her
271:Moche iconography
176:Lambayeque Period
127:Late Moche Period
16:(Redirected from
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940:Los Chamanas
939:
927:. Retrieved
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348:Los Chamanas
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1059:Moche sites
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826:Donnan,1979
318:iconography
301:iconography
289:iconography
277:iconography
207:Excavations
198:Excavations
193:Excavations
146:priestesses
1038:Categories
1011:79°26′18″W
900:References
870:2012-04-19
846:2012-04-18
804:2012-04-19
780:2012-04-19
756:2012-04-19
732:2019-08-19
707:2019-08-19
683:2012-04-19
659:2012-04-19
615:2012-04-19
591:2012-04-19
567:2012-04-19
543:2012-04-19
519:2012-04-19
329:Tomb M-U41
255:walls and
229:Tomb types
187:Lambayeque
162:Lambayeque
68:valley of
1008:7°10′55″S
995:163701911
987:484328923
971:1045-6635
448:skeletons
436:artifacts
397:shoulders
342:spondylus
257:algarrobo
189:culture.
86:sea level
929:18 April
702:phys.org
474:See also
389:skeleton
166:artifact
112:ceramics
82:Chiclayo
78:Trujillo
916:5153273
444:shamans
440:healers
385:shamans
369:shamans
361:shamans
357:healers
305:shamans
185:of the
183:symbols
142:hearths
117:hearths
40:in the
993:
985:
979:971709
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969:
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468:burial
452:skulls
432:burial
425:skulls
417:vagina
409:condor
401:condor
393:burial
381:burial
377:skulls
337:copper
333:coffin
297:sacred
281:ritual
275:Moche
235:burial
215:chicha
158:empire
138:burial
134:chicha
121:sherds
90:desert
60:Region
991:S2CID
975:JSTOR
636:(PDF)
496:Notes
442:, or
413:flute
411:bone
403:bone
391:with
253:adobe
243:adobe
219:Moche
211:tombs
35:Moche
33:is a
983:OCLC
967:ISSN
931:2012
912:OCLC
464:tomb
460:bone
450:and
421:tomb
373:tomb
287:and
221:and
88:The
80:and
70:Peru
54:Peru
959:doi
367:of
359:or
285:art
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20:)
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