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880:(equivalent to $ 3,400 in 2023). Following this reply, Cutlar believed he should not have to pay for the pig because the pig had been trespassing on his land. One likely apocryphal account has Cutlar saying to Griffin, "It was eating my potatoes"; and Griffin replying, "It is up to you to keep your potatoes out of my pig." When British authorities threatened to arrest Cutlar, American settlers called for
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As a result of the negotiations, both sides agreed to retain joint military occupation of the island until a final settlement could be reached, reducing their presence to a token force of no more than 100 men. The
British camp was established on the north end of San Juan Island along the shoreline,
879:
to run the sheep ranch on the island. He also owned several pigs that he allowed to roam freely. The two had lived in peace until this incident. Cutlar offered $ 10 (equivalent to $ 340 in 2023) to
Griffin to compensate for the pig, but Griffin was unsatisfied with this offer and demanded $ 100
746:
would have to be drawn westerly. The two continued to discuss the issue into
December 1857, until it was clear what each side's argument was and that neither would be convinced of the other. Prevost made a final offer at the sixth meeting, on December 3. He suggested a compromise line through San
1013:, had ordered Captain Hornby to dislodge the American troops, avoiding armed conflict if possible. At the time, the additional reinforcements sent by American General Harney had not yet arrived, and the island was occupied by only Pickett's 66 men. Hornby refused to take any action until British
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on
Vancouver Island to the west, overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the entry point to Haro Strait, leading to the Strait of Georgia, the nation that held the San Juan Islands would be able to dominate all the straits connecting the Strait of Juan de Fuca with the Strait of Georgia.
667:
Harbour, and corresponded by letter between meetings. The water boundary was discussed from
October to December. From the start, Prevost maintained that Rosario Strait was required by the treaty's wording and was intended by the treaty framers, while Campbell had the same opinion for
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still flies above the
British camp site, being raised and lowered daily by park rangers, making it one of the few places without diplomatic status where U.S. government employees regularly hoist the flag of another country, though this is only for commemorative purposes.
1020:, who was in command of the British Navy in the Pacific, would arrive himself. When Baynes finally came and took stock of the situation, he told Governor Douglas that he would not escalate the conflict into a war between great nations "over a squabble about a pig".
689:
Only
Rosario fulfilled these requirements, he wrote. Campbell countered that the expression "southerly", in the treaty, was to be understood in a general sense, that Rosario Strait did not separate the continent from Vancouver Island, but the San Juan Islands from
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Juan
Channel, which would give the US all the main islands except San Juan Island. This offer was rejected and the commission adjourned, agreeing to report back to their respective governments. Thus ambiguity over the water boundary remained.
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This state of affairs continued for the next 12 years. The dispute was peacefully resolved after more than a decade of confrontation and military bluster, during which time local
British authorities lobbied London to seize back the
2512:
1109:, which dealt with various differences between the two nations, including border issues involving the newly formed dominion. Among the results of the treaty was the decision to resolve the San Juan dispute by
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disputed McClellan's theory. He said they had wanted to start a war, but with hope of distracting the north so that the south could secede from the union. The theories are given credence when it is noted that
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992:. Robert's Redoubt is considered the best-preserved fortification of its kind in the United States. (To the east is Jackle's Lagoon, named for George Jackle, a soldier stationed at the American camp.)
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When news about the crisis reached London and
Washington, D.C., officials from both nations were shocked and took action to calm the potentially explosive international incident.
875:. This was not the first occurrence and as a result Cutlar shot the pig, killing it. It turned out that the pig was owned by an Irishman, Charles Griffin, who was employed by the
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and holding various athletic competitions. Park rangers tell visitors the biggest threat to peace on the island during these years was "the large amounts of alcohol available".
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Pickett established the American camp near the south end of San Juan Island, today one of two historical sites on the island, the other being the British camp, defended by the
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for ease of supply and access; and the American camp was created on the south end on a high, windswept meadow, suitable for artillery barrages against shipping. Today the
955:, a British ship. When this tactical error was pointed out, Capt Pickett moved his battery of cannon a few miles north to high ground overlooking both Griffin Bay and the
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for nearly a year. On October 21, 1872, the commission decided in favor of the United States' offer. The arbitrators chose the American-preferred marine boundary via
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On June 15, 1859, exactly 13 years after the adoption of the Oregon Treaty, the ambiguity led to direct conflict. Lyman Cutlar, an American farmer who had moved onto
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1058:. Scott had calmed two other border crises between the two nations in the late 1830s. He arrived in the San Juans in October and began negotiations with Douglas.
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Second Commissioner, and William J. Warren Secretary. On June 27, 1857, the American and British commissioners met for the first time on board the British ship
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established operations on San Juan and turned the island into a sheep ranch. Meanwhile, by mid-1859, twenty-five to twenty-nine American settlers had arrived.
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In 1856, the US and Britain set up a Boundary Commission to resolve several issues regarding the international boundary, including the water boundary from the
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The redoubt had a commanding view of San Juan Island's southern tip and the approaches to the prairie from Griffin bay (left) and the Strait of Juan de Fuca
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would decide if the British or the Americans would officially own the San Juan Islands. Presenting for the United States in the San Juan arbitration was
928:. Concerned that a squatter population of Americans would begin to occupy San Juan Island if the Americans were not kept in check, the British sent three
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and Major Haller to protect and supervise the water of Puget Sound. Based on his military experience, he was given discretion to deviate from his orders.
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1074:, the small British and American units on San Juan Island had an amicable mutual social life, visiting one another's camps to celebrate their respective
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who displayed great versatility and skill and won the case. Wilhelm referred the issue to a three-man arbitration commission which met in
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was the wider and more direct passage. Finally, he challenged Prevost to produce any evidence showing that the treaty framers had intended
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1966:
Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Maps of Exploration and Discovery: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon
762:
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In 1846, there was still some uncertainty about the region's physical geography. The most commonly available maps were those of
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625:, published in 1845. In both cases, the maps are unclear in the vicinity of the southeastern coast of Vancouver Island and the
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to negotiate with Governor Douglas and resolve the growing crisis. This was in the best interest of the United States, as
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under Pickett's command, to San Juan Island with orders to prevent the British from landing; the regiment sailed aboard
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On the other hand, it can be said that Lieutenant Colonel Casey had not been reduced, for he was given command over the
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San Juan Island held significance not for its size, but as a military strategic point. While the British held
1191:, the highest rank in the Royal Navy, and earned a reputation as a pre-eminent tactician and fleet commander.
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710:. Prevost responded to the challenge by referring to American maps showing the boundary running through
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220:
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2274:
The Pig War: the United States, Britain, and the balance of power in the Pacific Northwest, 1846–72
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of it," placing him in the national limelight. Pickett sited his company and battery near the
903:
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The situation continued to escalate. By August 10, 1859, 461 Americans with 14 cannons under
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Prevost held that the channel specified in the treaty must have three essential qualities:
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821:, and was also passed over by Harney in favor of Pickett when given this choice command.
814:
George Pickett who was given independent jurisdiction over a vast area by Harney, then a
2001:
970:
on the north end of the island. The camp redoubt was built under the supervision of new
180:—San Juan Islands awarded to the United States following third-party arbitration by the
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914:
779:
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723:
711:
707:
699:
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645:
622:
611:
576:
554:. Despite being referred to as a "war", there were no human casualties on either side.
507:
297:
236:
17:
2037:
702:, and others, and that navigability was not germane to the issue, but even if it was,
3026:
3006:
2086:
1319:
1287:
1141:
1118:
967:
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790:, creating a common enemy, to head off a north–south confrontation. However, General
787:
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568:
503:
440:
207:
181:
177:
2070:
2038:"Chapter 1: Thwarting Southern Schemes and British Bluster in the Pacific Northwest"
2818:
1075:
1051:
818:
727:
718:, produced for and published by the US government, and another by John B. Preston,
691:
626:
491:
460:
450:
2456:"Lyman Cutlar touches off Pig War between U.S. and Great Britain on June 15, 1859"
1545:
1322: – census-designated place in Whatcom County, Washington State, United States
843:
A photograph of Belle Vue Sheep Farm Sep 1859 on San Juan Island circa the Pig War
587:
of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from
754:
over the San Juan Islands. During this period of disputed sovereignty, Britain's
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2808:
2798:
2728:
2180:
1130:
999:
939:
to counter the Americans. Pickett was quoted as saying defiantly, "We'll make a
859:
Modern view of Belle Vue sheep farm site and Olympic Mountains in the background
799:
751:
743:
703:
669:
603:
435:
430:
273:
2189:
1661:
1187:, commander of the initial British naval force deployed, was later promoted to
1002:
were opposed by five British warships mounting 70 guns and carrying 2,140 men.
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2647:
2486:
2379:
2325:
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2165:
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1948:
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of Oregon in 1852. To the other points, Prevost repeated his statements about
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39:
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2237:
2210:
2130:
2078:
2011:
1864:
156:
143:
2718:
2607:
1940:
483:
2488:
The Pig War: How Shooting a Pig Changed U.S. History by Captivating History
2338:
2029:
1989:
1985:
1340: – Minor military conflict between Bulgaria and Greece in October 1925
1260:
Union Jack at the British camp in San Juan Island National Historical Park
1028:
591:, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of the
3001:
2888:
2858:
2582:
881:
2455:
2435:
1544:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from
1455:
663:. The two sides met several more times in 1857 in Esquimalt Harbour and
534:). The Pig War, so called because it was triggered by the shooting of a
960:
929:
811:
664:
1054:
tensions within the country were increasing, soon to culminate in the
750:
Because of this ambiguity, both the United States and Britain claimed
2396:
San Juan Island National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
1126:
851:
Watercolor of Belle Vue sheep farm San Juan Island at time of Pig War
523:
2419:
2112:
The Generals of Gettysburg: The Leaders of America's Greatest Battle
1456:"The International Boundary Commission first meets on June 27, 1857"
1414:
1032:
A sign commemorating the Pig War at the entrance of the British camp
486:'s 1798 map, showing some confusion in the vicinity of southeastern
2346:
Atlantis Arisen, or, Talks of a Tourist About Oregon and Washington
648:
Secretary. The US appointed Archibald Campbell First Commissioner,
1027:
891:
872:
854:
846:
838:
782:’s West Point classmate and lifelong friend, claimed that General
478:
1714:"Belle Vue Sheep Farm - San Juan Island National Historical Park"
1224:
Watercolor of US Army building Roberts Redoubt on San Juan Island
1105:. That year, the United Kingdom and the United States signed the
2344:
602:
However, two straits could be called the middle of the channel:
2528:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
2501:
1090:. In 1866, the Colony of Vancouver Island was merged with the
366:
27:
Border dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom
2006:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Vancouver: S.J. Clarke Pub. Co.
1349: – 13th century war fought over the ownership of a donkey
1290: – 1838–39 border dispute between New Brunswick and Maine
1133:, to the west of the islands, over the British preference for
535:
62:
2339:"Ch. 26: The San Juan Archipelago and City of the Sea"
1144:
from the British camp. The Americans followed by July 1874.
73:
2150:(1st ed.). Friday Harbor, WA: Griffin Bay Bookstore.
1180:
fame, was in charge of the initial American landing force.
786:
and Pickett conspired with a cabal, to start a war with
2045:
Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States
2003:
British Columbia: From the Earliest Times to the Present
1692:"The Redoubt - San Juan Island National Historical Park"
2337:
2047:. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
1342:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1333:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2351:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co. pp. 328–339.
629:. As a result, Haro Strait is not fully clear either.
1606:
1604:
1602:
1101:
In 1871, the enlarged colony joined the newly formed
636:
to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The British appointed
1660:. No. 15. Edmonds, WA: Out West. Archived from
1324:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
679:
it must separate the continent from Vancouver Island
2939:
2701:
2540:
1169:
was stationed on the island for much of the period.
871:, found a pig rooting in his garden and eating his
682:
it must carry the boundary in a southerly direction
2303:
2188:
2143:
1963:
1957:
1316: – Involvements of United States armed forces
742:would be southerly. At the same time, one through
1654:"How One Pig Could Have Changed American History"
1140:On November 25, 1872, the British withdrew their
1086:while the Americans were busy elsewhere with the
583:between the United States and Britain "along the
2043:. In Arenson, Adam; Graybill, Andrew R. (eds.).
1449:
1447:
357:2,140 combatants; 5 warships mounting 70 cannons
3103:United Kingdom–United States military relations
2306:The Pig War: The Last Canada–US Border Conflict
32:
1117:chosen to act as arbitrator, meaning that the
896:Aerial view of Roberts redoubt San Juan Island
396:Conflicts between Canada and the United States
2513:
1933:Journal, Northwest Boundary Survey, 1857-1862
1331: – Improving US-UK relations (1895–1915)
1236:Water color of American camp, San Juan Island
378:
8:
2343:
2220:The Pig War: The Most Perfect War in History
1647:
978:; Robert went on to become a general in the
738:not being navigable—and that a line through
122:June 15 – October 1859 (troops stationed on
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
2977:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2962:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
2520:
2506:
2498:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
385:
371:
363:
29:
2476:"The US island that nearly ignited a war"
1806:"The US island that nearly ignited a war"
3043:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
1804:Sainsbury, Brendan (12 September 2022).
1781:San Juan Island National Historical Park
1149:San Juan Island National Historical Park
867:claiming rights to live there under the
502:was a confrontation in 1859 between the
1771:
1769:
1767:
1679:47. Major General George Edward Pickett
1360:
1272:British troops evacuate San Juan Island
1202:
1842:
1536:
1309:Military history of the United Kingdom
1294:List of conflicts in the United States
3068:Diplomatic crises of the 19th century
2249:. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace.
2107:"Major General George Edward Pickett"
1903:
1887:
1830:
1758:
1610:
1581:
1565:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1503:
1434:
1314:Military history of the United States
951:, and directly under the guns of HMS
947:'s Belle Vue sheep farm near today's
726:'s navigability—the channels between
7:
3048:Canada–United States border disputes
2957:Timeline of U.S. military operations
2146:The Pig War: Standoff at Griffin Bay
1674:
810:, was reduced to a support role for
2436:"San Juan Island Pig War -- Part 1"
1096:enlarged Colony of British Columbia
3093:Pre-Confederation British Columbia
2310:. Surrey, BC, CA: Heritage House.
25:
2714:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
2474:Sainsbury, Brendan (2022-09-12).
1736:"Jakle's Lagoon, San Juan Island"
3083:History of the Pacific Northwest
2412:"The Pig War Of San Juan Island"
2276:. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books.
2115:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
1413:. www.wahmee.com. Archived from
1407:"The Pig War of San Juan Island"
1367:
1265:
1253:
1248:American camp as it exists today
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
917:and 66 American soldiers of the
333:
321:
309:
291:
279:
267:
243:
229:
214:
200:
38:
1959:"The San Juan Boundary Dispute"
1147:The Pig War is commemorated in
571:of June 15, 1846, resolved the
2992:List of anti-war organizations
2195:. New York: Harper & Row.
2036:Jewell, James Robbins (2015).
1454:Dougherty, Phil (2010-02-28).
1:
3078:History of Washington (state)
2904:War against the Islamic State
2410:Matthews, Todd (2008-03-29).
2328:– via Internet Archive.
2213:– via Internet Archive.
2168:– via Internet Archive.
1992:– via Internet Archive.
1652:Woodbury, Chuck (July 1991).
606:, along the west side of the
552:Northwestern Boundary Dispute
83:— Border proposed by the USA
3098:Presidency of James Buchanan
2381:The Pig War - OverSimplified
1970:. Seattle: Sasquatch Books.
1698:. 2016-04-10. Archived from
806:and deputy commander of the
621:, published in 1798, and of
91:— Border proposed by the UK
959:, and commenced to build a
3119:
3088:Military history of Canada
2894:War in North-West Pakistan
2744:Second Sumatran expedition
2709:American Revolutionary War
2454:Oldham, Kit (2003-01-10).
2434:Oldham, Kit (2004-09-15).
2098: (archived 2016-08-02)
1718:U.S. National Park Service
1696:U.S. National Park Service
1304:Military history of Canada
1092:Colony of British Columbia
1070:During the years of joint
1007:Colony of Vancouver Island
409:American Revolutionary War
354:461 combatants, 14 cannons
250:Colony of Vancouver Island
3053:Coast of British Columbia
2739:First Sumatran expedition
2533:
2222:. Stroud: History Press.
2053:10.1525/9780520959576-002
1137:which lay to their east.
1111:international arbitration
644:Second Commissioner, and
548:San Juan Boundary Dispute
404:
348:
257:
192:
114:
37:
2693:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2653:Battle of Blair Mountain
1998:Howay, Frederic William.
974:graduate 2nd Lieutenant
103:
95:
87:
79:
68:
57:
46:
2952:Wars involving the U.S.
2789:Philippine–American War
2673:1960s ghetto rebellions
2272:Kaufman, Scott (2004).
2218:Coleman, E. C. (2009).
2142:Vouri, Michael (1999).
2014:– via HathiTrust.
1941:10.5962/bhl.title.97030
1865:"Arbitration Explained"
1329:The Great Rapprochement
1166:Robert's Rules of Order
989:Robert's Rules of Order
910:, initially dispatched
869:Donation Land Claim Act
614:, along the east side.
573:Oregon boundary dispute
468:Current Border Disputes
18:San Juan Island dispute
2997:Conscientious objector
2899:First Libyan Civil War
2769:Second Fiji expedition
2749:Ivory Coast expedition
2683:1992 Los Angeles riots
2643:Colorado Coalfield War
2535:Listed chronologically
2334:Victor, Frances Fuller
2245:Holtzen, Mark (2012).
1299:List of bloodless wars
1113:, with German Emperor
1033:
957:Strait of Juan de Fuca
897:
860:
852:
844:
593:Strait of Juan de Fuca
495:
258:Commanders and leaders
157:48.46167°N 123.00667°W
99:— Compromise proposal
2967:Territorial evolution
2947:Conflicts in the U.S.
2869:Intervention in Haiti
2759:First Fiji expedition
2016:Reprinted in 2014 as
1956:Hayes, Derek (1999).
1785:National Park Service
1481:"The Pig War of 1859"
1031:
932:under the command of
919:9th Infantry Regiment
895:
858:
850:
842:
808:9th Infantry Regiment
642:George Henry Richards
638:James Charles Prevost
538:, is also called the
482:
2829:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2784:Spanish–American War
2754:Mexican–American War
2678:Kent State shootings
2668:Puerto Rican revolts
2598:American Indian Wars
2071:10.1525/j.ctt13x1gqn
1338:War of the Stray Dog
1189:Admiral of the Fleet
1163:who later published
1107:Treaty of Washington
1005:The governor of the
945:Hudson's Bay Company
908:Department of Oregon
877:Hudson's Bay Company
756:Hudson's Bay Company
685:it must be navigable
640:First Commissioner,
585:forty-ninth parallel
528:Washington Territory
221:Washington Territory
162:48.46167; -123.00667
3063:Conflicts in Canada
2844:Invasion of Grenada
2839:Dominican Civil War
2361:Reprinted in 2001:
1161:Henry Martyn Robert
1072:military occupation
980:Army of the Potomac
976:Henry Martyn Robert
888:Military escalation
792:Granville O. Haller
776:George B. McClellan
714:, including one by
646:William A. G. Young
532:State of Washington
512:British–U.S. border
153: /
2884:War in Afghanistan
2854:Invasion of Panama
2849:Lebanese Civil War
2774:Formosa Expedition
2734:Second Barbary War
2688:2020 racial unrest
2623:Johnson County War
2618:Lincoln County War
2593:American Civil War
2588:Harpers Ferry raid
2563:Turner's Rebellion
2092:Chapter 1 archived
1658:Out West Newspaper
1103:Dominion of Canada
1084:Puget Sound region
1056:American Civil War
1034:
984:American Civil War
949:Cattle Point Light
898:
861:
853:
845:
804:lieutenant colonel
544:Pig and Potato War
496:
3058:Conflicts in 1859
3038:Arbitration cases
3020:
3019:
2982:Casualties of war
2814:Russian Civil War
2779:Korean Expedition
2724:First Barbary War
2603:Brooks–Baxter War
2558:Fries's Rebellion
2553:Whiskey Rebellion
2367:978-0-87114-109-5
2317:978-1-926936-63-5
2300:Neering, Rosemary
2283:978-0-7391-0729-4
2256:978-1-4750-5136-0
2229:978-0-7524-9670-2
2202:978-0-06-020333-7
2157:978-0-9634562-5-0
2122:978-0-7867-4394-0
2062:978-0-520-28378-7
2022:978-0-659-09797-2
1977:978-1-57061-215-2
1372:The full text of
1347:War of the Donkey
1076:national holidays
906:, commanding the
904:William S. Harney
901:Brigadier General
784:William S. Harney
770:Political context
661:Esquimalt Harbour
634:Strait of Georgia
581:Columbia District
494:, and Haro Strait
476:
475:
456:Chesapeake Affair
361:
360:
286:William S. Harney
188:
187:
16:(Redirected from
3110:
2972:Military history
2931:Yemeni civil war
2864:Somali Civil War
2764:Second Opium War
2633:Homestead strike
2548:Shays' Rebellion
2522:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2418:. Archived from
2406:
2404:
2403:
2382:
2360:
2350:
2341:
2329:
2309:
2295:
2268:
2241:
2214:
2194:
2185:Lopshire, Robert
2169:
2149:
2138:
2133:. Archived from
2090:
2042:
2015:
1993:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:Island Histories
1863:Baker, Melissa.
1860:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1720:. Archived from
1710:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1649:
1622:
1608:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1538:
1511:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1451:
1442:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1405:Matthews, Todd.
1402:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1178:Pickett's Charge
1018:Robert L. Baynes
963:for his cannon.
835:The pig incident
720:Surveyor General
619:George Vancouver
608:San Juan Islands
589:Vancouver Island
575:by dividing the
563:Border ambiguity
520:Vancouver Island
516:San Juan Islands
488:Vancouver Island
399:
397:
387:
380:
373:
364:
338:
337:
336:
326:
325:
324:
314:
313:
312:
296:
295:
294:
284:
283:
282:
272:
271:
270:
248:
247:
246:
235:
233:
232:
219:
218:
217:
206:
204:
203:
168:
167:
165:
164:
163:
158:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
136:San Juan Islands
116:
115:
106:
104:
98:
96:
90:
88:
82:
80:
71:
69:
60:
58:
52:San Juan Islands
49:
47:
42:
30:
21:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
2935:
2794:Boxer Rebellion
2697:
2578:Bleeding Kansas
2536:
2529:
2526:
2487:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2460:HistoryLink.org
2453:
2445:
2443:
2440:HistoryLink.org
2433:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2380:
2376:
2332:
2318:
2298:
2284:
2271:
2257:
2244:
2230:
2217:
2203:
2179:
2176:
2174:Further reading
2158:
2141:
2123:
2101:
2096:Wayback Machine
2063:
2040:
2035:
1996:
1978:
1955:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:thesanjuans.com
1734:
1733:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1673:
1669:
1651:
1650:
1625:
1609:
1600:
1580:
1576:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1460:HistoryLink.org
1453:
1452:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1404:
1403:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1198:
1185:Geoffrey Hornby
1157:
1123:George Bancroft
1026:
937:Geoffrey Hornby
890:
865:San Juan Island
837:
772:
736:Fidalgo islands
716:John C. Frémont
565:
560:
477:
472:
424:Western theater
400:
395:
393:
391:
344:
340:Geoffrey Hornby
334:
332:
322:
320:
310:
308:
302:
292:
290:
280:
278:
268:
266:
244:
242:
230:
228:
215:
213:
201:
199:
161:
159:
155:
152:
147:
144:
142:
140:
139:
138:
124:San Juan Island
102:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
86:
85:
84:
78:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
56:
55:
54:
45:
44:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3073:George Pickett
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3033:Pig War (1859)
3025:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Peace movement
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Pullman Strike
2635:
2630:
2628:Coal Creek War
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:Dorr Rebellion
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2484:
2471:
2451:
2431:
2407:
2388:
2375:
2374:External links
2372:
2371:
2370:
2330:
2316:
2296:
2282:
2269:
2255:
2242:
2228:
2215:
2201:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2156:
2139:
2137:on 2014-10-28.
2121:
2099:
2061:
2033:
1994:
1976:
1953:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1896:
1880:
1855:
1835:
1823:
1796:
1763:
1751:
1727:
1724:on 2015-07-23.
1705:
1702:on 2016-10-08.
1683:
1667:
1664:on 1998-02-14.
1623:
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1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1174:George Pickett
1170:
1156:
1153:
1135:Rosario Strait
1048:Winfield Scott
1044:James Buchanan
1041:U.S. President
1039:In September,
1025:
1022:
986:and author of
915:George Pickett
889:
886:
836:
833:
780:George Pickett
771:
768:
724:Rosario Strait
712:Rosario Strait
708:Rosario Strait
700:Fidalgo Island
696:Cypress Island
687:
686:
683:
680:
659:, anchored in
623:Charles Wilkes
612:Rosario Strait
577:Oregon Country
564:
561:
559:
556:
508:United Kingdom
474:
473:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
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318:
305:
303:
301:
300:
298:George Pickett
288:
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260:
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237:United Kingdom
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35:
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26:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3115:
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3079:
3076:
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3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:War on terror
3005:
3003:
3000:
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2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
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2980:
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2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
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2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
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2740:
2737:
2735:
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
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2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
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2686:
2684:
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2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
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2659:
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2651:
2649:
2646:
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2636:
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2631:
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2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
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2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2422:on 2008-07-09
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2397:
2393:
2392:"The Pig War"
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2340:
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2198:
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2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
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2100:
2097:
2093:
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2068:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:Gibbs, George
1926:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1856:
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1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:"The Pig War"
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1701:
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1693:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
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1663:
1659:
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1607:
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1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1548:on 2007-01-10
1547:
1543:
1542:"The Pig War"
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1417:on 2008-07-09
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1376:at Wikisource
1375:
1374:Oregon Treaty
1370:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1320:Point Roberts
1318:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:Aroostook War
1286:
1285:
1280:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1142:Royal Marines
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:German Empire
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:sent General
1045:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:James Douglas
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:
993:
991:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
968:Royal Marines
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
926:
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2613:Hamburg riot
2479:
2464:. Retrieved
2462:. Essay 5724
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2442:. Essay 5724
2439:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:the original
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2398:. 2023-05-23
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1812:. BBC Travel
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1462:. Essay 9328
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1415:the original
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328:R. L. Baynes
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193:Belligerents
2874:Bosnian War
2834:Vietnam War
2809:World War I
2799:Banana Wars
2729:War of 1812
2247:The Pig War
2191:The Pig War
2103:Tagg, Larry
1906:, pp.
1845:, pp.
1843:Jewell 2015
1833:, p. .
1761:, p. .
1584:, pp.
1506:, pp.
1485:Historic UK
1437:, pp.
1176:, later of
1155:Key figures
1131:Haro Strait
1094:to form an
1000:Silas Casey
982:during the
941:Bunker Hill
800:Silas Casey
752:sovereignty
704:Haro Strait
670:Haro Strait
604:Haro Strait
540:Pig Episode
436:Patriot War
431:War of 1812
419:Nova Scotia
274:Silas Casey
160: /
148:123°00′24″W
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3027:Categories
3012:War crimes
2879:Kosovo War
2824:Korean War
2804:Border War
2663:Bonus Army
2658:Tulsa riot
2648:Red Summer
2568:Mormon War
2480:BBC Travel
2466:2024-03-29
2446:2024-03-29
2426:2024-03-29
2416:wahmee.com
2402:2024-03-29
2326:1359398968
2265:1280806982
2166:1285762895
2030:1089544991
1990:1271313554
1986:1302092235
1949:1126180670
1904:Vouri 1999
1890:, p.
1888:Vouri 1999
1874:2023-02-27
1831:Gibbs 1859
1790:2009-06-19
1759:Vouri 1999
1745:2024-01-07
1613:, p.
1611:Vouri 1999
1582:Vouri 1999
1568:, p.
1566:Howay 1914
1552:2012-09-07
1504:Howay 1914
1490:2024-03-30
1466:2024-01-08
1435:Hayes 1999
1421:2012-09-07
1411:The Tablet
1355:References
1064:Union Jack
1024:Resolution
972:West Point
650:John Parke
558:Background
550:, and the
526:) and the
518:, between
145:48°27′42″N
2719:Quasi-War
2608:Range War
2357:651757753
2292:607045433
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2131:818854736
2087:198809524
2079:881875924
2012:682270302
1675:Tagg 2008
1115:Wilhelm I
1088:Civil War
953:Satellite
923:USS
802:, then a
656:Satellite
595:, to the
510:over the
484:Vancouver
3002:Cold War
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2859:Gulf War
2583:Utah War
2541:Domestic
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2000:(1914).
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1281:See also
1183:Captain
1172:Captain
930:warships
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506:and the
349:Strength
131:Location
2940:Related
2702:Foreign
2493:YouTube
2386:YouTube
2094:at the
1922:Sources
1810:bbc.com
1508:301–306
1196:Gallery
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961:redoubt
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912:Captain
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788:Britain
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2067:JSTOR
2041:(PDF)
1441:–174.
819:major
728:Lummi
2909:Iraq
2363:ISBN
2353:OCLC
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2278:ISBN
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