524:, but the designs were imitated by carving the traditional copal wood of the area. As the tradition of carving this wood had no name, the name “alebrije” began to be applied to the copal wood version. In San Martin Tilcajete, the tradition of wood carving was strong as well, but it was also rivaled by other crafts such as embroidered shirts, blouses and dresses as late as the 1960s to 1980s. Around this time, only about four families were involved full-time in the making of alebrijes, with the rest dividing their time between the making of various crafts and agriculture. In the 1980s, the popularity of alebrijes, along with other Oaxacan crafts skyrocketed and spurred the creation of workshops in Tilcajete, allowing for the development of sales and talent. During this time, the economy of the town shifted to craft making and away from agriculture and sending family members to other places to work. This shift has not only allowed more residents to stay in their hometown, it has raised living standards. Except for a short lived decline in the latter 1980s, demand for the figures has continued to grow. The most common figures are of real animals, such as dogs, cats,
490:. This is part of Oaxaca’s tradition of being one of the leading producer folk and modern art, which is displayed in shops and galleries all over the world. The making of these animals has become the major source of income for many of the families of the municipality, using carving techniques that have been passed down from generation to generation. It has become the economic base for the community, with the streets lined with workshops that have been built into family homes in various parts of town. The best known are on the main roads around the main plaza and connecting the town to the nearby highway, but many also exist on the back streets. Many will give demonstrations. For many families, the making of these figures not only provides an economic base, but helps to keep generations together, with aspects of the productions divided among the different generations and sexes. Workshops here have had their pieces sold in shops in the city of Oaxaca, other parts of Mexico and internationally, but prices are substantially lower in the town itself.
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in from other villages, although carvers prefer local wood. The demand for copal wood has led to illegal and clandestine harvests in protected forests. The problem is grave enough that the federal government states that most of the figures are made with illegally obtained wood. There are several reforestation and other projects designed to make the use of copal wood more sustainable. The trees, which grow well with minimal care in the dry climate, are being planted for harvest in about six to seven years. One of these reforestation projects is headed by the
Rodolfo Morales Foundation. People from Tilcajete spend the last Sunday of July, which is during the rainy season, planting trees. Another way to make the wood harvest more sustainable is to cut only branches from the tree, instead of the entire tree. However, artisans’ decision about how to obtain copal wood is based more on price, quality and reliability of the supplier. They will pay more for ecologically sustainable wood if they can pass this cost onto the consumer.
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still widely practiced as it provides many of the basic staples and has cultural importance. However, agriculture can be risky here is that it is rainfall dependent. Also, the soil is mostly of decayed volcanic rock matter which forms a thin layer on the surface. Livestock includes cattle, pigs, horses, goats and sheep. A portion of the population in involved in construction, mostly masonry. However, it is the production of alebrijes which bring national and international attention. These economic activities employ over 84% of those who live here. The craft trade has spurred tourism on a small scale. Those who do not work in the municipality generally go to Mexico City and the United States to send back remittances. Most migrant workers are male but unmarried women also go, mostly to Mexico City to work as maids, returning to the town for marriage.
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trees have different characteristics, which influence what is made. A detailed outline is drawn on the bark, defining the image with greater clarity and detail. The sculpting in earnest then begins. The wood is soft and damp when first cut, making it easier for craftsmen to shape, then is dried in the sun before being sanded. The carving alone takes up to a month. The figure is then left to dry for up to ten months, depending on its overall size and thickness. Modern paints are most often used as they provide better color and durability, as it resists fading. The traditional paint was aniline, which can fade with time and repeated cleanings.
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directly. There are usually also vendors selling other local products such as ice cream as well. The Feria del
Alebrije invites more than 100 vendors who sell alebrijes, textiles, local dishes, artwork and local alcoholic beverages. The fair lasts for about nine days and has been held since 2008. The Master Craftsmen Group of Tilcajete (Grupo de Maestros Talladoes de Tilcajete) includes Hedilberto Olivera, Emilia Calvo, Roberta Ángeles, Juventino Melchor, Martin Melchor, Margarito Melchor Fuentes, Margarito Melchor Santiago, José Olivera Pérez, Jesús Melchor García,
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popularity has grown sufficiently to allow the town of
Tilcajete to build a reputation along with a number of its residents. The alebrije market is divided into two levels, the production of unique, high-quality, labor-intensive pieces and the production of repetitive, average quality and inexpensive pieces. Those who have produced exceptionally fine pieces have gained reputations as artists, commanding high prices.
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some were carved to use as hunting decoys.(jacabo) The carving of animals from the wood of the copal tree, native to the area, but as of at least 50 or so years ago, they were principally carved as toys for children. At the beginning of the 20th century, the focus of woodcarving was more focused on utilitarian items and masks for celebrations such as
Carnival, all of which are still made.
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However, its culture remains strong enough that it was recognized as an “autonomous community” in the district of Ocotlán in 1981. The political system is registered under the “traditional uses and customs” or hierarchical system of communal duties and obligations organized through male-headed households. Male heads of households pay quotas and provide unremunerated community service.
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a living through a mixture of agriculture and the making of a craft called alebrijes. Many of the houses are decorated with these wooden creatures. These have brought national and international attention. However, it is still a very small town, which, despite the tourism it now receives, has no restaurants, except for one on the main highway outside of the town center.
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build housing on the disputed territory, which mostly has been used as communal farmland for
Tilcajete for about eighty farmers. The land in dispute covers 410 hectares in areas known as Rancho Viejo, La Cuesta, Ojo de Agua, Antena, La Cantera, Loma Grande, El Puente, La Guajolota, El Pitayo and others.
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The geography of the municipality varies between small plains and hills/small mountains. The most notable elevations include La Loma Grande, Buenavista, Los
Mogotes, Cerro Chile, Teta de María Sanchez and La Doncella. There is little surface water here. The main river is the Verde River which crosses
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Because of the high production of wood crafts, copal wood is becoming scarce due to overexploitation. Copal trees are small and do not yield much wood, and almost every branch is used for alebrije production. Residents of
Tilcajete must walk farther into the woods to locate it, or they must bring it
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and others introduced to meet client demand. Fantastic creatures, most commonly dragons and winged horses are also made. More imaginative artists have branched out to plants such as purple palm trees and yellow cacti, as well as jewelry boxes, picture frames and other common use products, painted in
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was established around 100 BCE as a secondary administrative center for the region. This center was primarily active between 100 BCE and 200 CE. This time corresponds to the Monte Albán II stage. The officials at Cerro
Tilcajete were local administrators for the area under the command of Monte Albán.
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around 200 BCE. When this site was abandoned a short time later, the area saw the rise of another center in what is now called La
Palenque. Warfare required the move of the community among three separate locations around this time. The Ocotlán region probably came under the domination of Monte Albán
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Tilcajete is historically a
Zapotec indigenous community, like the rest of the Ocotlán district that surrounds it. First settlements there date back to 1150 BCE. From that time to about 500–100 BCE, the entire Oaxaca Valley was filled with small independent villages. Sometime around the beginning of
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ink.” The first would refer to a dark fresh water spring, which today is located between Calle de Cajete and Avenida Progreso. The latter meaning would refer to the fact that in antiquity, residents here were known for making ink and dye from the cochineal insect. Another possible origin for the name
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and peanuts. Traditionally, Tilcajete was reliant on subsistence agriculture to meet local needs and with surpluses sold at regional markets. Agriculture has become less viable, which is one of the reasons why families have turned to crafts and sending members to other places to work. Agriculture is
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Some of better known artisans in the town include the Fuentes family and Delfino Gutierrez. Efrain and Silvia Fuentes, along with their family have a good reputation among woodcarvers in Oaxaca. Efrain began carving at a very young age and at only 13, was featured in an exhibit in Santa Fe, N.M. The
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In April is held the Feria de Alebrije or Festival of Alebrije, which is organized by Tilcajete to promote its product. The annual event began in 2008 and last nine days. In addition to alebrije sales and demonstrations, other events such as music, dance and theatre are held. There is also offerings
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As a traditional indigenous community, much of its governance is based on social customs and norms. Much of the policing of the community is internal, with the watching of neighbors, gossip, reputation and sometimes overnight jailing used to enforce community norms. Most of the town’s residents make
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and El Mogote being larger. The population at the centers height is estimated to have been between 800 and 1600 people. At the end of this Monte Albán II, the administrative center was mostly abandoned. It was reoccupied during Monte Albán IIIb-IV, but this reoccupation was limited to the site’s two
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As municipal seat, the town of San Martín Tilcajete is the governing authority over the municipality of the same name. However, this municipality has only one other locality, called La Cumbre del Cerrito, where only seven people live as of 2005. The rest of the municipal population of 1631 lives in
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is used for the rough form, then smaller knives until the desired fineness is reached. The only time a modern tool, a chainsaw, is used, is to obtain the wood and to level a base for a large figures. The capricious shapes that copal wood can take often determines what is made. Male and female copal
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and museums, art colleges and galleries in various parts of the world. Like other carvers, Angeles began carving at a young age, taught by his family and elders from Tilcajete and other villages. Angeles’ work is distinguished by the fact that he uses only naturally derived paints and materials for
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In October, the town hosts the Shin Naa Lasn or Folk Art festival, which is co-sponsored by the state of Oaxaca and the Master Craftsmen Group of Tilcajete (Grupo de Maestros Talladoes de Tilcajete). The event not only promote the alebrijes made in the town, it also invites artisans from nearby San
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Promotion and protection of the product is a significant concern, spurring the creation of fairs, markets and legal protections. Every Friday on the main square is the “tianguis del alebrije” or weekly market selling wooden figures. This event allows visitors to purchase items from local craftsmen
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The brightly painted wooden figures now carry the name “alebrije” but they are a mixture of two craft traditions, one ancient and one more recent. The Zapotecs of Oaxaca have carved representations of animal from wood and other materials for centuries. Certain animals were important as totems and
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On 11 November is celebrated the “Fiesta Grande” which lasts for eight days honoring the town’s patron saint of Martin of Tours. This event is organized by a committee chosen each year. There can be a five to six year wait to be named to the head of this committee, or mayordomo. The Fiesta Grande
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The municipality has been in conflict with neighboring Villa de Zaachila for over thirty years over territory since boundaries were retraced unilaterally by Villa de Zaachila. The dispute has intensified over the past four years as Villa de Zaachila has moved to construct roads, clear forests and
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The present day community dates back to about 1600, but the construction date of the parish church is not known. The town has been considered to be a municipality since 1883, when it had 858 inhabitants. Despite its Zapotec heritage, the Zapotec language was lost here about three generations ago.
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Despite the lack of cultural monuments aside from the parish church, the town is rich in ceremonial and festival traditions, most revolving around the Catholic faith and the promotion of crafts. The 15 January is the feast of the Señor de Esquipulas and 18 February is the feast of the Miracle of
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While figures from Tilcajete and other towns have been sent to all parts of the Mexican Republic, the United States and Europe, they can still be hard to find outside of Oaxaca and, if found, quite expensive. The figures were discovered by international tourists in the 1990s, but since then the
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Cerro Tilcajete is an archeological site located 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) southwest of Ocotlán de Morelos. The site covers 280 square kilometres (110 sq mi) and includes the modern municipalities of San Martín Tilcajete, Santo Tomás Jalieza, Santa Ana Zegache and Ocotlán. It is
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the town. Other surface water consists of arroyos that flow during the rainy season. Most potable water for the population comes from two deep wells. The climate is temperate with little variation in temperature throughout the year. Wild vegetation is scarce but there are still trees such as
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Antonio Castillo Velasco and Ocotlán de Morelos. The event is based at the Azucena Zapoteca restaurant, which is located on the highway near the town center. One of the events of the festival is a tour guided by some of the best known sculptors of the various workshops. Local foods such as
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and Doris Arellano, who is a painter. The group is also working to create a group trademark for their work because of the introduction of imitation alebrijes from China. The trademark is to be called “Tonas de Oaxaca, Figuras de Madera” with over 39 craftsmen from Tilcajete, Arrazola and
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best pieces produced by this family are most often bought by foreigners. Delfino Gutierrez is known for his original designs, specializing in free-form elephants, frogs, turtles, armadillos and other animals. His works have been sold in stores in Chicago, California, New York and Israel.
422:. The use of wood masks is common for this event, and a number of artisans here dedicate themselves to creating them. A local custom is that young men put motor oil on their bodies and wear masks to run around the streets looking for girls, trying to kiss or smear oil on them.
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comes from “tilmas” which is a traditional type of apron worn by workmen to protect clothes underneath and to carry things. Today tilmas are most often seen as part of the costume worn for the Danza de la Pluma. The prefix of San Martin was added in honor of the
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archeological site and ancient pictographic symbols for phenomena such as waves, mountains and fertility. Angeles also travels extensively to promote Oaxacan folk art, teaching in various educational venues and speaking at art exhibitions.
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Prices of the pieces vary according to size, originality and the quality of the work. The tradition here is to use branches of a tree locally called “copal,” which is often obtained from the local hills by the craftsmen. A
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his figures. Paints are derived from fruits, vegetables, plants, tree barks, clay and insects. The figures also more closely reflect Zapotec culture and tradition, painting designs derived from sources such as the
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was lost three generations ago, but the municipal government falls under the legal category of “traditional uses and customs” based on ancient community norms. The community is best known for its production of
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interpret the resistance shown by the Tilcajete polity in Ocotlán/Zimatlán not only as a reaction to Monte Albán’s aggression, but also as a dynamic force that drove the evolutionary trajectory of the
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trees that were in the area; however, these trees are rare today. The current name is derived from the Nahuatl "Tilcaxitl" which means either “black earth depression or bowl” or “mountain of
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Saint Martin. These events are celebrated with traditional and popular dances, music, processions, fireworks and amusement rides. One of the first major festivals of the year is
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Spencer, Charles S., Redmond, Elsa M. Militarism, Resistance and Early State Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. Social evolution & History. Vol. 2, num. 1. 2003. Pp. 25–70
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874:"The phenomenon of migration in San Martín Tilcajete, Oaxaca. A qualitative and gender sensitive women- focused reading of some of the dimensions of vulnerability on site"
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begins with a banquet with flowers and a procession in which one of the organizers slaughters a cow, goats and pigs to prepare for the feast. After the final
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San Martín Tilcajete is known for its wood carvings of real and fantastic animals painted with bright colors and designs. It shares this fame with
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can also be found. Equally there is little wildlife, which mostly consists of small mammals such as rabbits along with some species of birds.
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The creation of fantastic and fantastically colored creatures as well as the name alebrije come from the work of a Mexico City area man named
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around 100 CE eventually finalized this process into a single hierarchy. As part of the Ocotlán territory, Tilcajete first became subject to
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Pedro Linares had family in Arrazola and demonstrated his designs to them during visits. One of the first to imitate these designs was
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the town proper. There are no people here who speak an indigenous language. The municipality borders the municipalities of
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from Central Valleys area of Oaxaca, but he created and established the creation of alebrijes using cardboard and wood in
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Chibnik, Michael; Silvia Purata (March 2007). "Conserving copalillo: The creation of sustainable Oaxacan wood carvings".
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located atop the northernmost of the three ridges allowing for views of the central valley and portions of the Ocotlán
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Schatorie, Chretien (November 1, 1998). "Oaxaca: El estado y su artesania" [Oaxaca:The state and its crafts].
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1177:[San Martin Tilcajete and its alebrijes (Oaxaca)] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine
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between 300 and 100 BCE, but some argue that the area was independent of Monte Albán until as late as 300 CE.
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Most of the population is engaged in farming either full or part-time. Principle crops include corn, beans,
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The municipality is small and rural with all but seven of its 1,631 residents living in the town (as of the
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1268:[Third Festival Shin Naa Lasn (Art of the Village) concludes in San Martin Tilcajete].
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1432:(in Spanish). San Martin Tilcajete, Oaxaca: Committee Comunitario de Artesanos. Archived from
1233:(in Spanish). San Martin Tilcajete, Oaxaca: Committee Comunitario de Artesanos. Archived from
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1266:"Concluye el Tercer Festival SHIN NAA LASN, "El arte del Pueblo", en San Martin Tilcajete"
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948:[Carnival time at San Martin Tilcajete with history, traditions and alebrijes].
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1310:"Jacobo Angeles: A rich wood-carving tradition in Oaxaca, dating to pre-Hispanic times"
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Spencer, Charles S.; Elsa M. Redmond (2004). "Primary State Formation in Mesoamerica".
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The municipality contains deposits of gold, silver, iron, coal, lead, copper,
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Elites at Cerro Tilcajete: A secondary center in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
946:"San Martín Tilcajete está de carnaval con historia, tradiciones y alebrijes"
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An early name for the area was Zapotitlán, referring to the large number of
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1430:"Bienvenidos a la Tierra del Alebrije/Welcome to the Land of the Alebrijes"
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civic-ceremonial and the terraces north and east, with the rest untouched.
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Cerro Tilcajete was the smallest of the three major secondary centers with
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are served, which is cooked in pit ovens, and the local youth band plays.
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Gallucci, Maria (October 25, 2009). "Alebrijes to march on Mexico City".
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Rabbit figure by Jacobo Angeles at the Museum Estatal de Arte Popular in
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Color, Madera y Tradición: Los Alebrijes de San Martín Tilcajete, Oaxaca
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1064:[PA and TUA disappear from the ejido of San Martin Tilcajete].
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and covers an area of 26.79 square kilometres (10.34 sq mi).
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Sanchez, Virgilio (October 25, 2009). "Usan artesanos madera ilegal".
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1122:[San Martin Tilcajete captures glances with its alebrijes].
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of the week, another get-together is held at home of the mayordomo.
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Carnival mask on display at the Museum Estatal de Artes Populares
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Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal
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After being integrated into the Monte Albán domination, nearby
1462:(in Spanish). Mexico City. November 11, 2007. Archived from
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Museo Universitario de Artes Populares María Teresa Pomar
1558:(PhD thesis). University of Michigan. Docket AAT 3079438.
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Woman looking at Alebrijes for sale at the weekly market
1062:"Desaparecen PA y TUA al ejido de San Martín Tilcajete"
1120:"San Martín Tilcajete capta miradas con sus alebrijes"
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National Fund for the Development of Arts and Crafts
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already completing the requirements to participate.
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288:located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the
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1175:"San Martín Tilcajete y sus alebrijes (Oaxaca)"
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1458:[Second Feria de Alebrije in Oaxaca].
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1200:[Carnival of San Martin Tilcajete].
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1060:Zavala, Juan Carlos (September 20, 2009).
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16:Town & Municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico
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793:Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México
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1456:"Segunda Feria del Alebrije en Oaxaca"
1272:(in Spanish). Oaxaca. November 4, 2009
1196:Hernandez, Edwin (February 16, 2010).
1102:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 4.
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2092:Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys
1204:(in Spanish). Oaxaca. Archived from
1126:(in Spanish). Oaxaca. Archived from
1068:(in Spanish). Oaxaca. Archived from
914:Martinez, Michael (April 26, 2007).
470:Abad Xuana Luis working on a carving
2087:Traditional metal working in Mexico
580:, whose work has been displayed in
532:, with more exotic animals such as
1198:"Carnaval de San Martin Tilcajete"
405:Facade of the parish of San Martin
14:
2082:Traditional copper work in Mexico
1388:. Saltillo, Coahuila. p. 16.
1371:McClatchy - Tribune Business News
618:Sign for Tilcajete on Highway 175
1516:
1502:
1343:. Moon Handbooks. Archived from
1118:Mejía, Gina (October 29, 2009).
126:
64:
57:
41:
1664:Textiles and other fiber crafts
1640:Green glazed pottery of Atzompa
1594:Mexican handcrafts and folk art
552:Young woman sanding an alebrije
434:of local and regional cuisine.
155:Around 1600 (modern settlement)
1913:National Museum of Mexican Art
586:National Museum of Mexican Art
501:Selling alebrijes in Tilcajete
176:Hugo Gómez Mendez (2008-2010)
1:
2185:San Antonino Castillo Velasco
2042:Mexican handcrafted fireworks
1918:National Pyrotechnic Festival
1410:(1). Gainesville, FL: 17–29.
985:Annual Review of Anthropology
1949:Handcrafts by federal entity
1923:Palm Sunday Handcraft Market
1893:Museo Nacional de la Máscara
1554:Elson, Christina M. (2003).
1404:Agriculture and Human Values
828:(in Spanish). Archived from
197:1,540 m (5,050 ft)
1868:Mexico City Alebrije Parade
1815:Tenancingo, State of Mexico
2312:
2102:Votive paintings of Mexico
1883:Museo de Trajes Regionales
991:. Palo Alto, CA: 173–200.
459:
2273:
2165:
2047:Mexican ironwood carvings
1416:10.1007/s10460-006-9033-1
207: • Municipality
186: • Municipality
86:
52:
40:
35:
28:
2296:Municipalities of Oaxaca
2277:Municipalities of Oaxaca
2190:San Baltazar Chichicapam
1940:List of Mexican artisans
1863:Feria Maestros del Arte
1231:"LA FERIA DEL ALEBRIJE"
337:bishop of Tours, France
302:Valles Centrales Region
72:San Martín or Tilcajete
30:Town & Municipality
23:San Martín or Tilcajete
1635:Blanco family (Oaxaca)
1341:"San Martín Tilcajete"
789:"San Martín Tilcajete"
722:and various minerals.
651:
625:
619:
573:
553:
502:
479:
471:
430:
406:
2220:San Miguel Tilquiapam
2205:San José del Progreso
2057:Mexican mask-folk art
1873:Museo de Arte Popular
1788:Santa Clara del Cobre
1773:San Bartolo Coyotepec
661:Santa Catarina Quiaré
657:San Bartolo Coyotepec
649:
617:
570:San Bartolo Coyotepec
567:
551:
500:
477:
469:
428:
404:
260:Postal code (of seat)
244: • Summer (
106:16.85889°N 96.69500°W
2245:Santa Catarina Minas
2215:San Martín Tilcajete
2200:San Jerónimo Taviche
2195:San Dionisio Ocotlán
2062:Mexican pointy boots
1778:San Martín Tilcajete
952:(in Spanish). Oaxaca
484:San Antonio Arrazola
364:Charles Spencer and
300:in the south of the
282:San Martín Tilcajete
36:San Martín Tilcajete
2260:Santo Tomás Jalieza
2250:Santa Lucía Ocotlán
2052:Mexican lacquerware
2037:Mexican featherwork
2027:Alfeñique in Mexico
1820:Teotitlán del Valle
1805:Santo Tomás Jalieza
1800:Santa María Atzompa
1747:Miss Lupita project
1630:Barro negro pottery
1613:Ceramics of Jalisco
1466:on January 12, 2010
1130:on January 26, 2013
826:"INEGI Census 2005"
665:Santo Tomás Jalieza
308:2005 Mexican Census
111:16.85889; -96.69500
102: /
2210:San Juan Chilateca
2180:Ocotlán de Morelos
2153:Municipalities of
2107:María Teresa Pomar
1768:Ocotlán de Morelos
1716:Textiles of Oaxaca
1711:Textiles of Mexico
1706:Tenango embroidery
1676:Basketry of Mexico
1645:Mata Ortiz pottery
1618:Pottery of Metepec
1524:Mesoamerica portal
1373:. Washington, D.C.
673:San Juan Chilateca
669:Ocotlán de Morelos
652:
620:
574:
554:
503:
488:La Unión Tejalapan
480:
472:
431:
407:
292:, in the state of
78:Location in Mexico
2283:
2282:
2240:Santa Ana Zegache
2235:San Pedro Taviche
2225:San Pedro Apóstol
2175:Magdalena Ocotlán
2120:
2119:
1844:Organizations and
1601:Clay and ceramics
1493:Elson, pages 8–9.
1347:on March 12, 2010
1308:Starkman, Alvin.
1072:on April 21, 2012
1020:Elson, pages 2–4.
689:Montezuma cypress
677:Santa Ana Zegache
636:San Pedro Taviche
279:
278:
215: • Seat
2303:
2255:Santiago Apóstol
2230:San Pedro Mártir
2170:Asunción Ocotlán
2155:Ocotlán District
2147:
2140:
2133:
2124:
1858:Ciudadela Market
1686:Mexican rag doll
1650:Talavera pottery
1608:Mexican ceramics
1587:
1580:
1573:
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1066:Diario Despertar
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1042:
1039:
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1021:
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1001:
1000:
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974:
973:Elson, page 160.
971:
962:
961:
959:
957:
941:
932:
931:
929:
927:
911:
890:
889:
887:
885:
880:on June 11, 2007
869:
842:
841:
839:
837:
832:on June 13, 2011
822:
813:
812:
810:
808:
803:on July 22, 2011
799:. Archived from
785:
731:castor oil plant
650:Municipal palace
642:The municipality
628:
626:Inocente Vásquez
545:alebrije style.
316:Zapotec language
298:Ocotlán District
249:
160:Municipal Status
132:
130:
129:
117:
116:
114:
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112:
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68:
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19:
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2279:
2269:
2161:
2151:
2121:
2116:
2010:
2001:State of Mexico
1944:
1927:
1845:
1839:
1835:Tonalá, Jalisco
1756:
1720:
1671:Amuzgo textiles
1659:
1596:
1591:
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1454:
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1449:
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1436:on May 25, 2010
1428:
1427:
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1237:on May 26, 2010
1229:
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1208:on July 7, 2011
1195:
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1050:Elson, page 80.
1049:
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1041:Elson, page 18.
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582:The Smithsonian
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377:Cerro Tilcajete
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2265:Yaxe Magdalena
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2077:Sawdust carpet
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2015:Related topics
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2011:
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922:. San José, CA
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578:Jacobo Angeles
522:Manuel Jimenez
460:Main article:
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372:state itself.
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290:city of Oaxaca
284:is a town and
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87:Coordinates:
60:
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1793:Punzo family
1777:
1761:Crafts towns
1742:Lupita dolls
1696:Quechquemitl
1655:Tree of Life
1555:
1548:Bibliography
1489:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1459:
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:the original
1424:
1407:
1403:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:the original
1314:. Retrieved
1312:. MexConnect
1274:. Retrieved
1269:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1210:. Retrieved
1206:the original
1202:BBM Noticias
1201:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1124:El Imparcial
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328:black sapote
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286:municipality
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236:(US Central)
2112:Marta Turok
2032:Huichol art
1981:Mexico City
1830:Tlaquepaque
1825:Tlalpujahua
1783:San Pablito
515:Mexico City
370:Monte Albán
354:Monte Albán
109: /
1961:Guanajuato
1737:Cartonería
1270:e-consulta
950:e-consulta
746:References
693:jacarandas
526:armadillos
350:Common Era
202:Population
168:Government
97:96°41′42″W
94:16°51′32″N
2275:See also
1986:Michoacán
1846:festivals
1470:April 12,
1440:April 12,
1351:April 12,
1316:April 12,
1276:April 12,
1241:April 12,
1212:April 12,
1181:April 12,
1134:April 12,
1076:April 12,
956:April 12,
926:April 12,
884:April 12,
836:April 12,
807:April 12,
727:chickpeas
538:elephants
455:Alebrijes
358:El Mogote
332:cochineal
321:alebrijes
271:Area code
255:(Central)
224:Time zone
194:Elevation
2290:Category
2022:Alebrije
2006:Tlaxcala
1966:Guerrero
1932:Artisans
740:alluvium
720:asbestos
716:titanium
712:antinomy
697:mesquite
685:junipers
534:giraffes
462:Alebrije
440:barbacoa
416:Carnival
2067:Piteado
1976:Jalisco
1971:Hidalgo
1956:Chiapas
1810:Temoaya
1460:Milenio
1386:Palabra
1100:Reforma
604:machete
593:of the
591:friezes
530:iguanas
343:History
312:Zapotec
233:Central
152:Founded
122:Country
2159:Oaxaca
2097:Vochol
1996:Puebla
1991:Oaxaca
1752:Piñata
1701:Rebozo
1691:Petate
1681:Huipil
701:maguey
542:zebras
382:Dainzú
294:Oaxaca
146:Oaxaca
134:Mexico
131:
1732:Amate
1725:Paper
595:Mitla
264:71506
253:UTC-5
229:UTC-6
218:1,624
210:1,631
141:State
1938:see
1472:2010
1442:2010
1353:2010
1318:2010
1278:2010
1243:2010
1214:2010
1183:2010
1136:2010
1078:2010
958:2010
928:2010
886:2010
838:2010
809:2010
708:zinc
699:and
675:and
511:Mixe
486:and
448:Mass
397:Town
348:the
181:Area
163:1883
1412:doi
993:doi
275:951
246:DST
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