485:"And after having made the distribution I proceeded to mark out the boundaries of said tract from north to south, being on the north a hill situated at the edge of the river above the mouth of the ditch which irrigates said lands, and on the south the point of the hill of Pueblo and the valley called Temporales, a large portion of land remaining to the south, which is very necessary for the inhabitants of this town who may require more land to cultivate, which shall be done by the consent of the justice of said town who is charged with the care and trust of this matter, giving to each one of those contained in the list the amount he may require and can cultivate; and after having completed all the foregoing I caused them all to be collected together and notified them that they must each immediately erect mounds of stone on the boundaries of their land so as to avoid disputes; and I also notified them that no one was privileged to sell or dispose of their and until the expiration of ten years from this date, as directed by said governor, who, if he be so pleased, will certify his proper approval at the foot of this document, of which a copy shall remain in this town and the original be deposited in the archives where it properly belongs," &c.
238:
shall be inspected as well at the time of settling as at any time the alcalde in office may deem proper, provided that after two years settlement all the arms they have must be firearms, under the penalty that all who do not comply with this requirement shall be sent out of the settlement. Third. That the plaza they may construct shall be according as expressed in their petition; and in the mean time they shall reside in the pueblo of Pecos, where there are sufficient accommodations for the aforesaid fifty-two families. Fourth. That to the alcalde in office in said pueblo they shall set apart a small, separate piece of these lands for him to cultivate for himself at his will, without their children or successors making any objection thereto; and the same for his successor in office. Fifth. That the construction of their plaza, as well as the opening of acequias , and all other work that may be deemed proper for the common welfare, shall be performed by the community with that union which in their government they must preserve.
365:
near which the Texan army under command of Gen. McLeod, fell into the hands of Gen. Salezar and Gov. Armijo, in 1841. Here again Gen. Kearny, assembling the citizens of the place, as usual, on the terraced roof of some spacious building, delivered to them a stern, sententious speech, absolving them from any further allegiance to the
Mexican government. When the general was about to compel them to swear fealty to our government on the sacred cross, the Alcalde and Priest objected. The general inquired the grounds of their objection. They replied, that the oath he required them to take would virtually render them traitors to their country, a sin of which they disdained to be guilty. Gen. Kearny having promised protection to their persons and property, as to other citizens of the United States, and also having threatened to subvert the town unless they should submit, they were at length induced to take the oath.
424:. Preliminary survey, 315,300.80 acres. The grant was made to fifty-two persons whose names are specified, and distribution was made in the act of judicial possession among fifty-eight heads of families. The surveyor-general finds the grant valid and recommends confirmation to the heirs and legal representatives of the persons named in the distribution. In reference to quantity, he states that it was not the practice of the Spanish government to make grants of large tracts of land at the date of this concession. I find upon examining the allotments that the whole area to which title was given to the fifty-eight persons was 61 acres, being a house and garden lot for each. The cultivable and grazing lands were common. I have recommended confirmation to the extent only of the land reduced by grantees to their actual use and occupancy, to be ascertained by additional evidence and survey.
630:
have become part of that settlement within its exterior boundaries, and "has always been recognized as being a concession made to the town or settlement of San Miguel del Bado and all other settlers who might join them in the future... to be held and used by them in common, except as to such parts and portions as from time to time have been set apart in severalty in individual settlers thereon. That they have managed and controlled the lands of said grant by and through committees, appointed in popular assemblies... since their said municipal corporation, under the laws of Spain and Mexico, was abandoned. ...That the said individuals herein named as petitioners are the present duly authorized committee of the settlers on the said grant, and make this petition for and in behalf of themselves and all other settlers within the exterior boundaries of said grant."
477:
who occupy said settlement, and having examined the aforesaid cultivated land I measured the whole of it from north to south, and then proceeded to lay off and divide the several portions with the concurrence of all the parties interested until the matter was placed in order according to the means myself and the parties interested deemed the best adapted to the purpose, in order that all should be satisfied with their possessions, although said land is very much broken on account of the many bends in the river. And after the portions were equally divided in the best manner possible, I caused them to draw lots, and each individual drew his portion and the number of
569:, neither the municipalities nor the settlers within them, whose rights are the subject of controversy in these suits, could have demanded the legal title of the former Government, the Court of Private Land Claims was not empowered to pass the title to either, but it is for the political department of the Government to deal with any equitable rights which may be involved." The ruling thus reduced the size of the grant from over 300,000 acres with the common lands of the municipality included, to the little more than the 5,000 acres then under private ownership.
324:, the first bishop to visit New Mexico in 72 years, visited the San Miguel church in 1833, describing it as "utterly deprived" and noted that "this parish church lacks even the most essential things for the celebration of the divine mysteries." The customs house was moved from Santa Fe to San Miguel in 1835. This military protection encouraged permanent settlement of the Las Vegas grant. The expansion of the increasing population of San Miguel into areas further south along the Pecos River and into areas of northeastern New Mexico (such as
17:
457:, San Miguel, Las Mulas, El Pueblo, Puertecito, San José, el Gasano y Bernal, filed his notice with the surveyor-general of New Mexico claiming title to a tract of land within said Territory under an alleged grant from the governor of New Mexico, dated November 25, 1794, to Lorenzo Marques and fifty-one others. The boundaries of said grant are "on the north El Rio do la Baca desde a donde llaman la Rancheria hasta el agua Caliente, on the south El Cañon Blanco, on the east
491:"By virtue of what has been done by Pedro Pino, senior justice of second vote of this capital town of Santa FĂ©, concerning the distribution of lands made in the name of His Majesty to the residents of the new town of El Bado known as San Miguel, I declare the aforesaid residents of El Bade the lawful owners thereof, approving and confirming the possession given by said senior justice Pedro Pino and in order that it may so appear in all time," &c.
381:
exaggerate accounts is a truly
Mexican characteristic. They therefore returned to their comrades in arms, representing our number at 5,000 men, and declaring we had so many pieces of cannon, that they could not count them. This highly colored account of our strength, no doubt spread dismay through their ranks, and increased the desertions from Armijo's standard, which were already going on to an extent well calculated to alarm him.
642:
references, and various acts of
Congress were cited as enacted in view "of this state of the Spanish law and the unquestioned power lodged in the King of Spain to exercise unlimited authority over the lands assigned to a town and undisposed of and not the subject of private grant, to all of which rights the United States succeeded as successor of the King of Spain and the government of Mexico." and, citing
616:, San Miguel, Las Mulas, El Pueblo, Puerticita, San José, El Gusano, and Bernal) within the 315,000 acres bounded within the grant requested for confirmation. The land was alleged to have been granted by Governor Fernando Chacón on November 25, 1794 to Lorenzo Marguez in the name of fifty-one men accompanying him. Copies of the governor's decree on that date, and of reports by the officiating
482:
justice of this precinct, as appears by the possession given by the said governor; and another small surplus portion which by the consent of all is set aside for the benefit of the blessed souls in purgatory on the condition that the products are to be applied annually to the payment of three masses, the certificates for which are to be delivered to the alcalde in office of said jurisdiction.
328:, Sapello, and Ocate) was also supported in an 1831 petition to the governor by José Francisco Leyba, the parish priest of San Miguel. He also included the observation that losses of cattle and sheep growers suffered under Indians would be lessened if Las Vegas became a permanent settlement with occasional military protection. The Las Vegas grant was completed between 1835 and 1838.
646:, "...limited right of disposition and use was in all particulars subject to the control of the government of the country." At all events, unallotted lands were subject to the disposition of the government. ...the Court of Private Land Claims was not empowered to pass the title... It is for the political department to deal with the equitable rights involved.
375:, took the son of the Mexican general, Salezar, prisoner. He was a spy, and was held in custody until our arrival at Santa FĂ©, where he was afterwards set at liberty. This prisoner's father, Gen. Salezar is the same detestable wretch who captured the Texans near Anton Chico and San Miguel, and treated them with such wanton cruelty and inhumanity.
400:
as a member of the
Mexican congress, arrived in New Mexico from Chihuahua in the capacity of commissioner for repatriation of families wishing to emigrate to Mexico. He reported that upon his arrival in San Miguel del Vado, the people of the town submitted 900 requests for repatriation assistance out
620:
Oritiz dated
November 26, 1794 and by the more recent alcalde Pino, in 1893. Also submitted were a report made to Congress on November 13, 1879, and a survey made of the tract, July 26, 1880, with a statement that no action has been taken by Congress either to confirmation of rejection of the grant.
468:
directed the principal alcalde of the town of Santa Fé, Antonio José Ortiz, to execute the grant as requested, so that they, their children and successors may have, hold, and possess the same, in the name of His
Majesty, at the same time observing the conditions and requisites required in such cases
293:
or shares, which they were not allowed to sell for a period of ten years. Two days later, he repeated a similar procedure at the settlement of San José del Vado, three miles upstream from San Miguel, distributing farm land to an additional forty-five men and two women as heads of household. On March
629:
was ceded to the United States, and that the said tract was granted in common, not only to the petitioners, but to all other settlers who might join them in the future. They argued further that the grant had since been occupied by the original settlers, their descendants and assigns, and others who
370:
The army having proceeded about ten miles farther, encamped on the Pecos, near San José. Here the water was excellent, but the grass was indifferent. Bold springs of delicious water gush from the rocks. During the night of the 16th, while we were encamped at San José, the picket guard placed out by
284:
verbal order of March 12, 1803. Pino measured the total distance along the river that was under irrigation with the aid of his assistant José Miguel Tafoya. After setting aside a portion of land for grazing their livestock and sheep as commons and additional land for future inhabitants to cultivate
658:
Ebright also argues with respect to northern New Mexico land grants, that legal precedents in support for common lands as property of local communities, separate and apart from property of the
Spanish crown or Mexican government, was well supported by archival information that was available at the
476:
On March 12, 1803, Pedro
Bantista Pino, justice of second vote of the town of Santa FĂ© and its jurisdiction, by verbal order of Colonel Fernando Chacon, governor of New Mexico, proceeded to the settlement "for the purpose of distributing the lands which are under cultivation to all the individuals
364:
Having marched twenty miles, we encamped within about six miles of San Miguel, near a small rancho, where we found plenty of water, wood, and fine grass for our animals. On the 16th, after a progress of six miles, we arrived at San Miguel, situated on the river Pecos, and famous as being the place
46:. On November 24, 1794, 53 men submitted a petition for land and were granted temporary possession on November 24, 1794, pending satisfaction of prescribed criteria. A second grant was obtained by 58 men and their respective families on March 12, 1803. Two days later, the procedure was repeated at
237:
First. That the tract aforesaid has to be in common, not only in regard to themselves, but also to all the settlers who may join them in the future. Second. That with respect to the dangers of the place, they shall have to keep themselves equipped with firearms, and bows and arrows, in which they
653:
This was an important test case for the government, for if the common lands of this grant were rejected, hundreds of thousandsâperhaps millionsâof acres of other community grant common lands not yet adjudicated would also belong to the government, not to the land grant heirs. ...holding that the
633:
The United States answered that "this plaintiff, if entitled to confirmation of anything, is entitled to confirmation only of that portion which he actually occupied and possessed under said grant, and that all the portion of said land which had not been subjected in 1846 to actual occupancy and
481:
contained in each one portion was set down, as will appear from the accompanying list, which contains the number of the individuals who reside in this precinct, amounting to the number of fifty-eight families, between whom all the land was divided, excepting only the portion appertaining to the
388:
had, over a 25-year military career, advanced from private to eventually become captain and company commander of the San Miguel del Bado militia. He had participated in the capture of the Texas Santa Fe expedition, and was the officer who protested against governor Armijo's order to disband the
320:) soldiers stationed at San Miguel classified as a separate company for protection against Indians and to reduce Santa Fe Trail smuggling and import tax evasion. In order to pacify hostile Plains Indians, soldiers were regularly provided with lances, firearm parts and trinkets for gifts. Bishop
641:
to lands embraced within the limits of the pueblo and intended for community use continue to remain in the sovereign or did it pass to the pueblo? The existence of this power of control and disposition as to municipal lands in the supreme
Spanish and then Mexican authority was shown by further
380:
Two other
Mexican soldiers were made prisoners the same night. On the morning of the 17th, these last mentioned prisoners were by order of Gen. Kearny conducted through our camps and shown our cannon. They were then suffered to depart, and tell their own people what they had seen. To color and
355:
and Mexico. He promised protection of life, property and religion to all who would peacably submit to the United States government, and death for those who would resist. After leaving Tecolote, the following events within the San Miguel del Vado land grant, as well as some occurring five years
511:
I am of the opinion that the survey of this grant is grossly in excess of the quantity granted. I would respectfully suggest that in the event of the confirmation of this claim by Congress it be limited to the extent of the land reduced to actual possession and occupancy, to be ascertained by
229:
settlement, in order to provide more viable argument for attaining the grant. The site was described as being about 20 miles downstream and southeast of Pecos pueblo, where the trail to the plains crossed the river, with sufficient space for both the petitioners and some of the more destitute
654:
common lands belonged to the government of the United States... It appears that the Supreme Court was in error on this point of Spanish and Mexican law... After the 1897 Sandoval decision, the land claims court rejected the common lands of every community grant that came up for adjudication.
472:
On November 26, 1794, Antonio José Ortiz, in company with two witnesses and the fifty-two petitioners, informed them of the conditions upon which the grant was made and proceeded to place them in possession of the land solicited, giving the boundaries as described in their petition.
448:
in his supplementary report recommends "the confirmation of the grant to the heirs and legal representatives of Lorenzo Marquez for themselves and in trust for the heirs and legal representatives of the several heads of families referred to in the distribution specified."
401:
of a total of only 1,000 families. His statement read, "they preferred to lose all rather than belong to a government in which they had fewer guarantees and were treated with more disregard than the African race." The U.S. provisional government, represented by Governor
409:, responded to this report of potential depopulation by officially discouraging all New Mexicans from emigration, and appropriating the function of obtaining petition signatures from potential emigrants. They prohibited Father Ortiz from further solicitations.
158:) following his "Conquest of CĂbola". Bigotes' men were multilingual and traveled as traders, emissaries, and spies. They enticed Coronado to appoint Captain Hernando de Alvarado to further expeditions eastward. Under this guidance, the Spanish saw the
297:
The San Miguel settlers had finished their church by 1811, and in 1812 the Pecos Pueblo priest moved to San Miguel. San Miguel's population now outnumbered the declining Pecos Pueblo which was suffering from Hispanic encroachment of their land and
504:
on the Pecos riverâwith the following boundaries: "On the north a hill situated at the edge of the river above the mouth of the ditch which irrigates said lands, and on the south the point of the hill of Pueblo and the valley called Temporales."
434:
I have the honor to transmit herewith for submission to Congress the supplementary report dated December 6, 1886, in duplicate, of the surveyor-general for New Mexico, on the private-land claim known as the San Miguel del Bado, reported No. 119.
438:
Under date of November 13, 1879, Surveyor-General Atkinson in a report upon this claim approved the grant to "the heirs, legal representatives, and assigns of Lorenzo Marquez as grantee, to whom it is recommended it be confirmed by Congress."
221:
described Pecos Pueblo as the finest and largest of the pueblos seen by the party. Pecos Pueblo may have housed a garrison of ten Spanish soldiers and their family members from 1750 until the establishment of the San Miguel del Vado Grant.
452:
Upon an examination of the record in the case, which consists of copies of alleged originals, it is found that under date of March 18, 1857, Faustin Baca y Ortiz (juez de paz), for and in the name of the inhabitants of the settlements of
61:, Native Americans who had been captured or sold into slavery. Some of them had complained of poor conditions and were granted lands by the governor for farming and grazing and to provide a buffer of protection against the raids of
624:
The petitioners claimed to have settled the grant in accordance with its contracted terms and had continued as a municipal corporation, embracing all of the land within the exterior boundaries of the grant, up to the time that the
545:
commissioner recommended that only the occupied lands on the grant should be confirmed, which would mean the rejection of the common landsâthe bulk of the land within the grant. But when the
162:
Pueblos of the Rio Grande valley. Then they ventured further to Bigotes' Cicuique pueblo on the Pecos river, and through the mountain passage below, to see the plains buffalo further east.
494:
This list of individuals who occupied the town of San Miguel del Bado del Rio do Pecos comprises some 58 persons, opposite whose names is stated the number of varas assign to each.
668:
565:
lands not actually allotted to settlers remained the property of the king, to be disposed of by him or by those on whom he might confer that power; and as, at the date of the
77:
to reduce the land in the grant from the surveyor general's estimated 315,000 acres, including common lands, to little more than 5,000 acres then under private ownership.
750:
280:
Following a period of about 20 years of development to meet the grant requirements, individual parcels of land were allotted by don Pedro Bautista Pino in the name of
1016:
MartĂn GonzĂĄlez de la Vara, "The Return to Mexico: The Relocation of New Mexican Families to Chihuahua and the Confirmation of a Frontier Region, 1848â1854" from
659:
time of this ruling, but was collected and collated by historians and legal experts (to include himself) only in the aftermath of this and other related rulings.
351:. Prior to reaching Santa Fe, he gave speeches from house-tops in Las Vegas, Tecolote and San Miguel, absolving the people from their allegiance to governor
541:
When the inhabitants of the village asked the surveyor general for confirmation of the grant, he recommended that the entire grant be confirmed. Later the
105:
is a word for a place where a river is forged. This vado was a meeting place for trade between the Plains and Pueblo tribes. It was a passage through the
609:
546:
306:
which ended in 1821, San Miguel del Bado became the administrative headquarters for the northeastern plains region of New Mexico with the election of an
685:
348:
344:
497:
Assuming that the persons were placed in possession of square tracts the aggregate number of square varas would be about 353,000 or about 61 acres.
47:
844:
Grant by Governor Fernando ChacĂłn, November 26, 1794, San Miguel del Bado grant, SG 119, Roll 24, fr 600 (Spanish original), 628 (translation).
321:
218:
928:
901:
865:
987:
428:
550:
673:
542:
187:
province and establishing the Hispanic settlement of San Gabriel in the Tewa pueblo of Yunque on the Rio Grande. Oñate rewarded the
43:
816:
707:
175:
145:
508:
At the time this grant was made it was not the practice of the Spanish government to make grants of such large tracts of land.
637:
Chief Justice Fuller, after stating the case, delivered the opinion of the court and answered the following question. Did the
213:
due mainly to the procurement and export of buffalo hides from the plains. Pecos Pueblo had long been a hub for trade between
90:
285:
under oversight of the justice of the precinct, the remainder was divided by the number of families to obtain the number of
1152:
566:
397:
303:
372:
106:
529:
357:
180:
134:
93:, which was eventually abandoned by the dwindling population of Native Americans, the remnants of which moved to
700:
431:, Secretary of the Interior, May 13, 1887 under the section "New Mexico Private Land Claims," follows verbatim:
332:
880:
Allotment of lands at San José del Bado, March 14, 1803, and Approval by Governor Fernando Chacón, SANM I: 887.
549:
took the opposite view and confirmed the entire grant, the government immediately appealed the decision to the
445:
94:
149:
16:
1023:
393:
613:
605:
601:
577:
458:
454:
325:
317:
264:
117:
valley to access the plains for buffalo hunting. It became the passage for the later Spanish explorers,
1157:
626:
593:
581:
442:
A preliminary survey of this claim was made in the year 1879 and covers an area of 315,300.80 acres.
154:
70:
956:
691:
589:
51:
734:
744:
597:
562:
402:
465:
281:
144:) had been the only pueblo to send a delegation of about 20 men, led by Bigotes, to respond to
995:
973:
War with Mexico, 1846â1847 Doniphan's Expedition and the Conquest of New Mexico and California
924:
897:
861:
488:
On March 30, 1803, Governor Chacon approved the action of the justice in the following terms:
336:
793:
572:
The case was heard by the Supreme Court during its October term in 1896, under Chief Justice
166:
110:
1120:
United States Reports Volume 167: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 1896
1105:
United States Reports Volume 167: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 1896
573:
501:
406:
385:
461:
con los cerritos de Bernal, and on the west el paraje que comĂșnmente llaman el Guzano."
340:
214:
159:
130:
62:
1118:
1103:
1017:
971:
225:
In 1794, the San Miguel petition was submitted with the partial truth that this was a
54:, distributing farm land to an additional 47 heads of household, including two women.
1146:
703:, Dr. Kelly L. Jenks, New Mexico State University Department of Anthropology Faculty.
352:
206:
201:
to defend the Pueblos and provide them religious instruction. In return for these
1064:
1037:
918:
891:
855:
389:
troops he had positioned at Apache Canyon to resist Kearny's approaching forces.
1069:
Report of the Secretary of the Interior, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1887, Vol.1
1042:
Report of the Secretary of the Interior, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1887, Vol.1
585:
226:
86:
58:
193:
119:
114:
28:
Report of J. W. Albert of his Examination of New Mexico in the Years 1846-1847
638:
478:
688:
by Severiano R. Sisneros Jr., Secretary/Treasurer @New Mexico Legislature
312:
299:
165:
The first permanent Spanish settlement in northern New Mexico was led by
125:
66:
205:, Pueblo peoples were required to pay a tax, or âtribute.â Prior to the
617:
197:
or grants of Indian labor, for meritorious service, obligating these
920:
Kiva, Cross & Crown: The Pecos Indians and New Mexico, 1540â1840
893:
Kiva, Cross & Crown: The Pecos Indians and New Mexico, 1540â1840
857:
Four leagues of Pecos: a legal history of the Pecos grant, 1800â1933
733:
Salazar, Padilla & Wagoner, Mark Jerome, Andres & Brenda P.
713:
695:
537:
Malcolm Ebright provides the following introduction for this case.
824:
History of Title and History of the San Miguel del Bado Land Grant
710:
History of Title and History of the San Miguel del Bado Land Grant
649:
Again, Ebright adds the following commentary to the above ruling.
133:, Civil War armies, and later still for the southern route of the
15:
184:
148:
open invitation to the Pueblo Peoples to meet with him at the
1117:
J. C. Bancroft Davis, reporter, "United States v. Sandoval"
1102:
J. C. Bancroft Davis, reporter, "United States v. Sandoval"
469:
and especially that relative to not injuring third parties.
217:
to the east and the Pueblo peoples to the west. In 1583 the
57:
Thirteen of the original men who applied for the grant were
994:. New Mexico Office of the State Historian. Archived from
634:
cultivation is, and of right ought to be, public domain."
233:
The criteria to be met by the grantees were as follows:
1123:
Banks & Brothers, Law Publishers (1897) pp. 278â298
1108:
Banks & Brothers, Law Publishers (1897) pp. 278â298
1019:
The Contested Homeland: a Chicano History of New Mexico
294:
30, 1803 Governor Fernando ChacĂłn approved the grant.
289:
or chances, and heads of families drew lots for their
1071:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 283â284
612:
by Julian Sandoval and others from eight villages (
310:or town council. In 1827 a detachment of Santa Fe
1134:Land Grants & Lawsuits in Northern New Mexico
1091:Land Grants & Lawsuits in Northern New Mexico
413:Annual Report of the Dept. of the Interior (1887)
765:Land Grants and Law Suits in Northern New Mexico
129:and other buffalo hunters, Indian fighters, the
955:Bancroft, Hubert Howe & Oak, Henry Lebbeus
316:(the only formal presidio in New Mexico in the
1044:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 115
557:The May 24, 1897, Supreme Court ruling in for
427:The report "San Miguel Del Bado" to Honorable
420:No. 119.âSan Miguel del Bado; Lorenzo Marquez
396:, who had earlier voted against ratifying the
796:. New Mexico State Record Center and Archives
686:A Brief History of the Anton Chico Land Grant
8:
958:History of Arizona and New Mexico: 1530â1888
749:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
272:; and in the west the place commonly called
946:Ebright, Malcolm, The Villanueva State Park
739:. New Mexico Office of the State Historian.
85:This land grant was in the vicinity of the
826:. New Mexico Office of the State Historian
392:In April 1849 the Santa Fe native Father
349:U.S. provisional government of New Mexico
209:, Pecos was considered to be the richest
714:New Mexico Office of the State Historian
696:New Mexico Office of the State Historian
73:. In 1896, the Supreme Court decreed in
725:
923:. Western National Parks Association.
896:. Western National Parks Association.
792:Flint, Richard & Shirley Cushing.
779:Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains
742:
561:was summarized as follows. "Under the
50:, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of
1136:University of New Mexico Press (1994)
1093:University of New Mexico Press (1994)
1026:(2000) University of New Mexico Press
140:In 1540, Pecos Pueblo (then known as
7:
242:The boundaries were described as:
69:, who were menacing towns such as
14:
674:Spanish land grants in New Mexico
543:United States General Land Office
183:(currently Ohkay Owingeh) in the
44:Spanish land grants in New Mexico
1063:Interior, Department of (1887).
1036:Interior, Department of (1887).
794:"Bigotes, El Turco, and Ysopete"
608:. The petition was filed in the
512:additional evidence and survey.
322:JosĂ© Antonio Laureano de ZubirĂa
176:El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
24:Facing toward the west, from the
169:in the summer of 1598. Oñate's
500:These allotments of land were
417:Summary report is as follows:
40:San Miguel del Bado Land Grant
36:San Miguel del Vado Land Grant
1:
669:Articles linking to this page
179:over 600 miles, reaching the
1022:, ed. David R. Maciel &
610:Court of Private Land Claims
547:Court of Private Land Claims
123:and other frontier traders,
992:Donaciano Vigil (1802â1877)
817:"The Villanueva State Park"
777:Bolton, Herbert E. (2010).
567:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
398:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
304:Mexican War of Independence
230:residents of the province.
1174:
347:to invade and establish a
219:Chamuscado-RodrĂguez party
107:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
21:San Miguel del Vado (1846)
970:Connelley, William Elsey
917:Kessell, John L. (1995).
890:Kessell, John L. (1995).
708:The Villanueva State Park
559:United States v. Sandoval
530:United States v. Sandoval
517:United States v. Sandoval
358:Texan Santa Fe Expedition
250:from the place called La
135:transcontinental railroad
75:United States v. Sandoval
576:with associate justices
356:earlier during the 1841
854:Hall, G. Emlen (1984).
781:. Kessinger Publishing.
446:Surveyor-General Julian
155:Seis Ciudades de CĂbola
1024:Erlinda Gonzales-Berry
961:History Company (1889)
656:
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464:On November 25, 1794,
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270:Los Cerritos de Bernal
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173:or colonists extended
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1065:"San Miguel Del Bado"
1038:"San Miguel Del Bado"
692:Miguel del Vado Grant
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302:raids. Following the
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712:by Malcolm Ebright,
627:New Mexico Territory
532:, 231 U.S. 28 (1913)
528:to be confused with
339:forces followed the
333:MexicanâAmerican War
276:(South San Isidro).
1153:Colonial New Mexico
986:Vigil, Maurilio E.
736:San Miguel del Vado
701:San Miguel del Vado
394:RamĂłn Ortiz y Miera
52:San Miguel del Vado
38:(also known as the
988:"Vigil, Donaciano"
815:Ebright, Malcolm.
694:by Mark Schiller,
644:Grisar v. McDowell
563:laws of the Indies
403:John M. Washington
360:, were described.
32:
1132:Malcolm Ebright,
1089:Malcolm Ebright,
930:978-1-877856-56-3
903:978-1-877856-56-3
867:978-0-8263-0710-1
763:Malcolm Ebright,
282:Governor ChacĂłn's
246:in the north the
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386:Donaciano Vigil
260:El Cañón Blanco
258:; in the south
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429:L. Q. G. Lamar
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405:and Secretary
341:Santa Fe Trail
318:Mexican period
262:; in the east
248:RĂo de la Vaca
215:Plains Indians
131:Santa Fe Trail
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996:the original
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199:encomenderos
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150:Zuni Pueblos
141:
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95:Jemez Pueblo
91:Pecos Pueblo
89:, below the
84:
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65:, primarily
56:
39:
35:
33:
27:
1158:Land grants
345:Bent's Fort
331:During the
194:encomiendas
120:comancheros
97:in 1838. A
87:Pecos River
1147:Categories
720:References
211:encomienda
189:pobladores
171:pobladores
146:Coronado's
115:Rio Grande
830:30 August
800:30 August
745:cite book
614:La Cuesta
459:La Cuesta
455:La Cuesta
326:Las Vegas
274:El Gusano
265:La Cuesta
252:RancherĂa
126:ciboleros
59:genĂzaros
663:See also
335:in 1846
313:presidio
300:Comanche
291:repartos
227:genĂzaro
203:services
142:Cicuique
109:for the
71:Santa FĂ©
67:Comanche
618:alcalde
606:Peckham
502:situate
287:suertes
113:of the
81:History
1075:13 May
1048:13 May
1002:28 May
976:(1907)
927:
900:
864:
767:(1994)
604:, and
598:Shiras
590:Brewer
582:Harlan
574:Fuller
519:(1896)
343:below
944:ibid.
820:(PDF)
602:White
594:Brown
578:Field
479:varas
422:et al
191:with
1077:2013
1050:2013
1004:2013
925:ISBN
898:ISBN
862:ISBN
832:2012
802:2012
751:link
586:Gray
268:and
185:Tewa
160:Tiwa
103:bado
99:vado
34:The
639:fee
526:Not
254:to
101:or
1149::
1067:.
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743:{{
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834:.
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753:)
152:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
