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tall grasses along the river, since no banks existed at the time. In time, other individuals came to the area and began farms in the fertile valley supported by the ever-flowing river, and the community grew. They built adobe homes, planted crops, and established the first Los Reales community. Domingo is believed to have been murdered in the late 1860s by miners he had hired to work his mine, but it is unknown what happened to his riches.
888:
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2122:
860:
874:
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92:
64:
727:, San Xavier is still actively run by Franciscans, and continues to serve the native community by which it was built. Widely considered to be the finest example of Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States, the Mission hosts some 200,000 visitors each year. It is open to the public daily, except when being used for church services. The
646:
817:
by historian David
Leighton brought it to light. The community was started when a miner named S.R. Domingo built a home and foundry just north of the San Xavier Mission, on the west bank of the Santa Cruz River. He prospered in his mining endeavor and is believed to have kept his wealth buried in the
571:
of
Carondelet opened a school at the mission for the Tohono O'odham children. In 1895, a grant of $ 1,000 was given to repair the building. More classrooms were added in 1900. The Franciscans returned to the mission in 1913. In 1947, they built a new school next to the church for the local children.
829:
and all non-Native
Americans were required to leave Indigenous lands. These individuals set up the new or second Los Reales on the east bank of the river. This new community across from the old Los Reales included two stores and a blacksmith shop nearby. The Los Reales Cemetery also existed on that
636:
cactus. This material "breathes" better and allows excess water to escape, but it requires more frequent inspection and has higher maintenance costs. Following extensive and ongoing restoration of decorations, the mission church interior appears much in its original state, with brilliant colors and
801:
forced the residents to abandon the town, with most moving to Tucson, but the
Martinez family relocated to San Xavier, where he was granted land by the chief. The hill that bears his name was either included in the land grant or was very close to it. Martinez went into the cattle business for many
379:
The mission that survives today was built between 1783 and 1797, which makes it the oldest
European structure in Arizona. Labor was provided by the O'odham. An outstanding example of Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States, the Mission San Xavier del Bac hosts some 200,000 visitors each
477:
On the twenty-eighth we began the foundations of a very large and capacious church and house of San Xavier del Bac, all of the many people working with much pleasure and zeal, some in digging for the foundations, others in hauling many and very good stones of tezontle from a little hill which was
547:
truly a miserable place, consisting of from eighty to one hundred huts, or wigwams, made of mud or straw, the sole occupants of which are Pimo
Indians, though generally called Papagos. In the midst of these hovels stands the largest and most beautiful church in the State of
797:, Sonora. The couple had many children, including Maria and Nicolas Martinez. From 1836 to 1838, Lt. Col. Jose Maria Martinez was in charge of the presidio in Tucson. In 1838, he retired from the military and was given land in Tubac. Ten years later, an attack by the
2000:
505:
was assigned to San Xavier del Bac, where he remained until 1778. By 1770, the continuing Apache raids finally destroyed the original church. From 1775 on, the mission community and its
Indigenous converts were protected somewhat from Apache raids by the
810:
To the north of San Xavier
Mission existed the Los Reales community. The community (sometimes referred to as a town or village) is believed to have existed from about the early 1860s to about 1912, but had long been forgotten until an article in the
2095:
2031:
2303:
2015:
2005:
409:("Water Place") referring to its surface water and springs, which no longer flow. The water in the Santa Cruz River came up to the surface a few miles south of Martinez Hill and then submerged again near Los Reales Wash. The
2427:
2090:
2036:
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560:. The church was re-opened in 1859 when the Santa Fe Diocese added the mission to its jurisdiction. It ordered repairs paid for with diocesan money, and assigned a priest to serve the community. In 1868 the
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1959:
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1990:
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1964:
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neighborhood) taking much of the water from the river, the farming village ceased to exist. The only known remnants of the old town are parts of the cemetery and a street known as Los Reales Road.
2010:
1844:
1759:
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The present mission building was constructed under the direction of
Franciscan fathers Juan Bautista Velderrain and Juan Bautista Llorenz between 1783 and 1797. With 7,000 pesos borrowed from a
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1874:
1749:
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1969:
1934:
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1954:
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691:. At least three different artists painted the artwork inside the church. It is considered by many to be the finest example of Spanish mission architecture in the United States.
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1707:
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490:. By 1763 the building was sufficiently complete that the missionaries could hold services inside it, although a poorly prepared foundation led to architectural issues.
368:(Jesuit Order) in Europe. The original church was built to the north of the present Franciscan church. This northern church or churches served the mission until it was
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Like most missions in New Spain, San Xavier was manned by
Jesuits until their 1767 expulsion from Mexico; afterwards, they were replaced by Franciscans.
84:
473:. Construction of the first mission church, about 2 miles (3 km) from the site of today's mission, began on April 28, 1700, as noted in his diary:
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Freeway, is Martinez Hill. This hill, according to historian David Leighton, is named in honor of Jose Maria Martinez. Mr. Martinez was born in the
533:
56:
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when it is described by Vaillant as "the most beautiful church on the continent, though it had been neglected for more than two hundred years."
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920:
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added in the 1980s had trapped water inside the church and damaged its interior decorations. It is being removed and replaced with traditional
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536:. In 1828, the Mexican government banned all Spanish-born priests, with the last resident Franciscan departing San Xavier for Spain in 1837.
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in the center of a centuries-old settlement of the Sobaipuri O'odham, a branch of the Akimel or River O'odham located along the banks of the
220:
507:
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266:
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Left vacant, the mission began to decay. Concerned about their church, local O'odham began to preserve what they could. In 1852,
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1523:
421:
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used to run year-round in this section and was once critical to the community's survival, but now runs only part of the year.
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about a quarter of a league away. ... On the twenty-ninth we continued laying the foundations of the church and of the house.
652:
1506:, located adjacent to San Xavier mission, in one of the longest known areas of continuous cultivation in the United States.
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826:
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that began in 1992 and was continuing as of 2021 has returned the mission interior to its historic splendor. Cement-based
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246:
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793:(present-day northern Sonora and southern Arizona), in the early 1800s. Around 1833, Jose wed Felipa Yrigoyen, likely in
2288:
2208:
2241:
2231:
2221:
1573:
915:
724:
668:-wood doors are often struck both by the coolness of the interior and the dazzling colors of the paintings, carvings,
1488:
Nentvig, J. 1980. Rudo Ensayo: A Description of Sonora and Arizona in 1764. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
1135:
687:, which has chapels at either end. The dome above the transept is 52 feet (16 m) high, supported by arches and
2181:
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410:
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731:, who have taught at the school since 1872, continue with their work and reside in the mission convent. It has a
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rancher, they hired architect Ignacio Gaona, who employed a large workforce of O'odham to create today's church.
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346:
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39:
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The "little hill" is believed to be that southeast of San Xavier del Bac. The location was vulnerable to
1702:
1682:
1513:
1285:"San Xavier del Bac Mission---American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary"
998:
568:
540:
437:
335:
694:
930:
661:
621:
557:
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672:, and statues. The architecture is entirely European, with no Piman influence on its Baroque style.
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502:
401:
338:
813:
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1405:
664:-inspired exterior, with an ornately decorated entrance. Visitors entering the massive, carved
2216:
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1102:
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1064:
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765:
521:
231:
1447:
David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Bloody murder, buried money in town's history (Los Reales),"
1388:
2354:
2293:
2283:
1632:
822:
553:
365:
324:
2339:
1136:"San Xavier del Bac Mission â Spanish Colonial Missions of the Southwest Travel Itinerary"
1099:
Salvation Through Slavery: Chiricahua Apaches and Priests on the Spanish Colonial Frontier
830:
side of the river. It is believed that in 1912, as a result of the Midvale Farms (now the
525:
342:
116:
790:
466:
1162:
Landscapes of Fraud: Mission TumacĂĄcori, the Baca Float, and the Betrayal of the O'odham
384:
site, with thousands visiting each year on foot and on horseback, some among ceremonial
1389:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: San Xavier del Bac Mission"
865:
715:
361:
181:
2371:
1406:
Accompanying 16 photos, 15 by Marilynn Larew from 1977, 1 from 1877 after earthquake.
786:
373:
2334:
2096:
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
1124:
edited by Herbert Eugene Bolton, University of California Press, 1948, pp. 235â236.
831:
769:
736:
353:
176:
564:
was established. It provided for regular services to be held again at the church.
17:
1267:"Inside the Latest Conservation Work at Arizona's Spectacular San Xavier del Bac"
907:
676:
529:
873:
556:
in 1853, the site of San Xavier became a part of the United States and the new
510:, established roughly 7 miles (11 km) downstream on the Santa Cruz River.
2344:
855:
498:
445:
381:
369:
1533:
1509:
143:
130:
732:
688:
470:
385:
1240:"1820s Tucson: Life in a Mexican Frontier Town at the Time of Independence"
976:
486:
raids, and construction was interrupted until 1756, when it resumed under
465:
of Italian descent, Kino often visited and preached in the area, then the
684:
665:
1527:
633:
1503:
848:, as an establishing shot taken for a fictitious church in Guatemala.
2091:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
798:
761:
669:
625:
514:
483:
462:
185:
1319:
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which is open for visiting. The mission makes a cameo appearance in
645:
1542:
501:, whom he considered more pliable and "reliable", as replacements.
1498:
794:
714:
701:
693:
680:
651:
644:
532:. In 1822, the mission was included under the jurisdiction of the
444:
436:
428:
420:
332:
236:
1528:
San Xavier del Bac Mission, Mission Road, Tucson, Pima County, AZ
1273:. No. Summer 2021. National Trust for Historic Preservation.
988:
802:
years and died from wounds suffered in an Apache attack in 1868.
1530:", 207 photos, 42 measured drawings, 9 data pages
842:
The exterior of the Mission was used in the 1979 TV mini-series
497:
banned Jesuits from Spanish lands in the Americas; he installed
2428:
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
2140:
1636:
1546:
656:
The North Court at Mission San Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona
629:
1308:
1420:"Street Smarts: Hill, road honor Mexican military commander"
1239:
698:
Mission San Xavier del Bac, Towers by Philip G Coman, 2018
1043:
A Gift of Angels: The Art of Mission San Xavier del Bac,
2423:
National Register of Historic Places in Tucson, Arizona
2168:
Spanish missions of the Catholic Church in the Americas
2413:
Mausoleums on the National Register of Historic Places
1464:"Then & Now â Movie Locations: Salem's Lot (1979)"
1045:
p. 41, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2010,
453:
Mission San Xavier del Bac was established in 1692 by
341:
located about 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown
719:
The mission as seen from the hill east of the complex
1041:
Fontana, Bernard L. & photos by McCain, Edward,
785:
To the east of the San Xavier Mission, abutting the
2327:
2274:
2174:
2071:
2050:
2024:
1983:
1716:
1693:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1670:
675:The floor plan of the church resembles the classic
306:
297:
281:
273:
264:
252:
242:
219:
207:
199:
191:
175:
167:
159:
122:
111:
91:
63:
1724:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1164:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 110â111.
2388:Buildings and structures in Pima County, Arizona
1335:. London: Penguin Modern Classics. p. 155.
936:List of the oldest churches in the United States
2116:National Register of Historic Places portal
545:
364:, a Christian missionary and co-founder of the
99:Mission San Xavier del Bac (the United States)
2453:Historic American Buildings Survey in Arizona
2152:
1648:
1621:San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer (California)
1558:
1066:Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse
8:
1534:American Southwest, a National Park Service
32:
2463:Tourist attractions in Pima County, Arizona
1499:Official Mission San Xavier del Bac website
1069:. Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
706:Mission San Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona
352:. The mission was founded in 1692 by Padre
203:1692 (current structure dates to 1783â1797)
2478:Burial monuments and structures in Arizona
2159:
2145:
2137:
1655:
1641:
1633:
1615:Puerto de PurĂsima ConcepciĂłn (California)
1565:
1551:
1543:
1361:National Historic Landmark summary listing
1017:National Historic Landmark summary listing
748:Mission San Xavier del Bac was declared a
31:
1664:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1519:Online book on Mission San Xavier del Bac
1233:
1231:
1229:
1122:Kino's Historical Memoir of Pimeria Alta,
1097:Stockel, Henrietta (September 15, 2022).
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
894:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
267:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2468:Spanish Colonial architecture in Arizona
1442:
1440:
760:is held the evening of the Friday after
660:San Xavier has an elegant white stucco,
395:The site is also known as "Wa:k" in the
171:The Mission of Saint Xavier of the Water
1363:. National Park Service. Archived from
1019:. National Park Service. Archived from
952:
941:List of the oldest buildings in Arizona
926:Architecture of the California missions
729:Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity
27:17th-century Spanish mission in Arizona
2418:National Historic Landmarks in Arizona
1183:
1181:
989:"National Register Information System"
921:Spanish Missions in the Sonoran Desert
605:1797â1820: Pedro Antonio de Arriquibar
459:Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert
2438:Stagecoach stops in the United States
764:and features a torch-light parade of
433:Mission San Xavier Chapel, Main Altar
7:
1309:Franciscans. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
1160:Sheridan, Thomas E. (May 26, 2016).
994:National Register of Historic Places
977:San Xavier Mission Organization site
754:National Register of Historic Places
683:separated from the sanctuary by the
2448:Protected areas established in 1960
2237:List of missions in Spanish Florida
1140:Spanish Missions/Misiones Espanolas
599:1778â1790: Juan Bautista Velderrain
441:Statuary, Mission San Xavier Chapel
2079:National Historic Preservation Act
1524:Historic American Buildings Survey
1470:. Then & Now â Movie Locations
1101:. University of New Mexico Press.
25:
2473:1692 establishments in New Spain
2408:1699 establishments in New Spain
2378:Churches in Pima County, Arizona
2121:
2120:
2109:
1387:Marilynn Larew (February 1978).
1190:"Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa"
900:
886:
872:
858:
602:1790â1797: Juan Bautista Llorenz
524:in 1821, what was then known as
90:
83:
62:
55:
38:
2443:San AntonioâSan Diego Mail Line
2398:Jesuit history in North America
2393:History of Pima County, Arizona
508:Presidio San AgustĂn del TucsĂłn
329:La MisiĂłn de San Xavier del Bac
300:U.S. National Historic Landmark
2032:Federated States of Micronesia
1678:Architectural style categories
1468:www.thennowmovielocations.com/
1333:Death Comes for the Archbishop
752:in 1960 and was listed on the
742:Death Comes for the Archbishop
586:Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa
543:visited the mission, writing:
488:Alonso Ignacio Benito Espinosa
195:"The White Dove of the Desert"
1:
1591:Los Santos Ăngeles de Guevavi
1510:Mission of San Xavier del Bac
1216:"Juan Bautista de Beldarrain"
827:San Xavier Indian Reservation
350:San Xavier Indian Reservation
247:San Xavier Indian Reservation
102:Show map of the United States
2458:Landmarks in Tucson, Arizona
1536:Discover Our Shared Heritage
1357:"San Xavier del Bac Mission"
1196:. U.S. National Park Service
1013:"San Xavier Del Bac Mission"
632:incorporating pulp from the
360:. The mission was named for
163:La MisiĂłn San Xavier del Bac
916:Spanish missions in Arizona
725:Spanish missions in Arizona
2494:
2383:Catholic Church in Arizona
2084:Historic Preservation Fund
2063:American Legation, Morocco
1603:San Cayetano de TumacĂĄcori
1320:San Xavier del Bac Mission
750:National Historic Landmark
534:Catholic Diocese of Sonora
469:colonial territory of the
321:Mission San Xavier del Bac
33:Mission San Xavier del Bac
2433:Catholic pilgrimage sites
2104:
2025:Lists by associated state
1609:San Cayetano de Calabazas
1580:
457:, who founded a chain of
380:year. It is a well-known
314:
293:
289:
260:
160:Name as founded
49:
37:
2006:Northern Mariana Islands
1526:(HABS) No. AZ-13, "
1222:. National Park Service.
471:Viceroyalty of New Spain
425:San Xavier Mission, 1902
1394:. National Park Service
1134:National Park Service.
405:
2001:Minor Outlying Islands
1984:Lists by insular areas
1698:Keeper of the Register
1585:San José de Tumacåcori
1331:Cather, Willa (1927).
1063:Hill, Jane H. (1993).
880:Catholic Church portal
720:
707:
699:
657:
649:
611:1824â1827: Rafael Diaz
550:
528:was administered from
480:
455:Eusebio Francisco Kino
450:
442:
434:
426:
328:
213:Eusebio Francisco Kino
2403:Tohono O'odham Nation
1703:National Park Service
1683:Contributing property
1514:Catholic Encyclopedia
1271:Preservation Magazine
999:National Park Service
718:
705:
697:
655:
648:
569:Sisters of St. Joseph
541:John Russell Bartlett
475:
448:
440:
432:
424:
347:Tohono O'odham Nation
2058:District of Columbia
1246:. Desert Archaeology
1023:on December 28, 2008
931:List of Jesuit sites
608:1820â1824: Juan Vañó
590:1766â1767: JosĂ© Neve
558:Territory of Arizona
522:Mexican independence
495:Charles III of Spain
221:Native tribe(s)
182:Saint Francis Xavier
1001:. January 23, 2007.
821:In 1874, President
758:San Xavier Festival
168:English translation
140: /
74:Show map of Arizona
71:Location in Arizona
34:
1597:San Xavier del Bac
1504:The Mission Garden
1449:Arizona Daily Star
1424:Arizona Daily Star
814:Arizona Daily Star
776:Nearby communities
721:
708:
700:
658:
650:
451:
443:
435:
427:
282:Reference no.
208:Founding priest(s)
200:Founding date
144:32.107°N 111.008°W
44:San Xavier del Bac
18:San Xavier del Bac
2365:
2364:
2134:
2133:
1688:Historic district
1630:
1629:
1418:Leighton, David.
1171:978-0-8165-3441-8
1108:978-0-8263-4327-7
1076:978-0-521-42529-2
723:Unlike the other
637:complex designs.
562:Diocese of Tucson
318:
317:
228:
16:(Redirected from
2485:
2294:Circular Mission
2284:Jesuit reduction
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2124:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2037:Marshall Islands
1657:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1574:Arizona missions
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1538:Travel Itinerary
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1367:on July 28, 2007
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1347:
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985:
979:
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910:
905:
904:
903:
896:
891:
890:
889:
882:
877:
876:
868:
863:
862:
861:
838:In popular media
825:established the
823:Ulysses S. Grant
772:tribal members.
595:Francisco Garcés
554:Gadsden Purchase
503:Francisco Garcés
411:Santa Cruz River
397:O'odham language
366:Society of Jesus
358:Santa Cruz River
331:) is a historic
277:October 15, 1966
253:Current use
224:
155:
154:
152:
151:
150:
149:32.107; -111.008
145:
141:
138:
137:
136:
133:
103:
94:
93:
87:
75:
66:
65:
59:
42:
35:
21:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2340:Mission Indians
2323:
2270:
2187:Baja California
2170:
2165:
2135:
2130:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2067:
2046:
2020:
1979:
1712:
1666:
1661:
1631:
1626:
1576:
1571:
1512:article at the
1495:
1485:
1484:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1451:, Dec. 16, 2014
1445:
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2335:Cargo system
2314:Nahuel Huapi
2192:Sierra Gorda
1930:South Dakota
1920:Rhode Island
1915:Pennsylvania
1895:North Dakota
1596:
1535:
1472:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1448:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1396:. Retrieved
1382:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:the original
1360:
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1315:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:
1279:
1270:
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1248:. Retrieved
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1198:. Retrieved
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1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1129:
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1042:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1016:
1007:
992:
983:
843:
841:
832:Midvale Park
820:
812:
809:
791:PimerĂa Alta
784:
747:
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737:Willa Cather
722:
674:
659:
641:Architecture
634:prickly pear
619:
579:
576:Missionaries
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519:
512:
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481:
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467:PimerĂa Alta
452:
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389:
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354:Eusebio Kino
320:
319:
225:
29:
2051:Other areas
2011:Puerto Rico
1845:Mississippi
1760:Connecticut
1289:www.nps.gov
1220:www.nps.gov
1194:www.nps.gov
1145:October 11,
908:NRHP portal
845:Salem's Lot
677:Latin cross
630:mud plaster
622:restoration
593:1768â1778:
584:1754â1766:
530:Mexico City
499:Franciscans
192:Nickname(s)
147: /
135:111°00âČ29âłW
123:Coordinates
2372:Categories
2345:Reductions
2259:New Mexico
2227:California
1960:Washington
1880:New Mexico
1875:New Jersey
1750:California
1294:October 4,
1244:desert.com
947:References
806:Los Reales
620:Extensive
616:Renovation
520:Following
390:cabalgatas
386:cavalcades
382:pilgrimage
372:during an
307:Designated
274:Designated
235:joined by
132:32°06âČ25âłN
2319:RĂo Bueno
2289:Chiquitos
2254:Louisiana
2247:Carolinas
1970:Wisconsin
1935:Tennessee
1840:Minnesota
1815:Louisiana
733:mausoleum
689:squinches
552:With the
493:In 1767,
345:, on the
2209:Trinidad
2126:Category
1955:Virginia
1905:Oklahoma
1885:New York
1860:Nebraska
1850:Missouri
1835:Michigan
1825:Maryland
1810:Kentucky
1790:Illinois
1765:Delaware
1755:Colorado
1745:Arkansas
1474:July 17,
1429:July 17,
1027:June 15,
852:See also
685:transept
670:frescoes
666:mesquite
336:Catholic
285:66000191
112:Location
2299:CĂłrdoba
2242:Georgia
2232:Florida
2222:Arizona
2202:Yucatan
2072:Related
1975:Wyoming
1950:Vermont
1855:Montana
1795:Indiana
1775:Georgia
1770:Florida
1740:Arizona
1730:Alabama
1250:May 23,
662:Moorish
548:Sonora.
515:Sonoran
417:History
402:O'odham
339:mission
333:Spanish
325:Spanish
211:Father
2355:Jesuit
2304:ItapĂșa
2217:AjacĂĄn
2182:Mexico
1910:Oregon
1865:Nevada
1805:Kansas
1780:Hawaii
1735:Alaska
1671:Topics
1623:(1781)
1617:(1780)
1611:(1756)
1605:(1751)
1599:(1699)
1593:(1691)
1587:(1691)
1398:May 5,
1339:
1200:May 3,
1168:
1105:
1073:
1049:
799:Apache
762:Easter
626:stucco
484:Apache
463:Jesuit
374:Apache
177:Patron
2350:Andes
2309:Moxos
2264:Texas
2042:Palau
1940:Texas
1820:Maine
1785:Idaho
1392:(PDF)
795:Tubac
770:Yaqui
681:aisle
370:razed
237:Yaqui
115:near
1996:Guam
1945:Utah
1900:Ohio
1800:Iowa
1476:2022
1431:2017
1404:and
1400:2009
1373:2007
1337:ISBN
1296:2023
1252:2024
1202:2024
1166:ISBN
1147:2017
1103:ISBN
1071:ISBN
1047:ISBN
1029:2008
787:I-19
768:and
461:. A
406:Wa:k
215:, SJ
388:or
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1466:.
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955:^
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327::
186:SJ
184:,
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399:(
323:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
