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398:. Most of the wood structure, like other biological remains at the site, deteriorated due to the acidity of the soil; however, the bottoms of the pillars were preserved because they were waterlogged due to their proximity to a marsh. Due to its large size, it is believed that this structure could have functioned as a monument, watchtower, or a lighthouse overlooking
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402:(which was larger than at present). Remains of other six-pillared buildings from different time periods have been found throughout the site. Many of the post holes from these buildings overlap each other, which suggests that the structures were being rebuilt in the same location and facing the same direction.
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The Sannai-Maruyama Site was inhabited by hunter-gatherers roughly between 3900–2900 BC. Over this period of time, the site changed from a seasonal camp, to the home of a more mobile society, and finally to a settled village. Evidence of this sedentary lifestyle can be found in the form of intense
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Later in the site's record, evidence of longhouses that were built along with some pit houses were found at the site. The increase in housing also shows a more sedentary lifestyle and an increase in population. Also, the large pillar structure dates to this time period. Construction on this scale
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One of Sannai-Maruyama's most famous structures, a reconstruction of a large six-pillared building, was originally built around 2,600 BC. This structure consisted of six large chestnut pillars that are believed to have held a series of platforms. Each one of these pillars was around 1 meter in
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used for storage and can be concealed since they were underground, which was preferred by mobile populations in many parts of the world. A shift occurred around 2900 BC from the use of storage pits to elevated storehouses, revealed by pillar-supported structures that lack the fire pits of the
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with domestic refuse, two large mounds, containing refuse, including ceremonial artifacts. A large amount of earthenware and stoneware were recovered from these middens, including approximately 2,000 clay figures, wood products, bones and antler objects and tools, and fragments of baskets and
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began showing up around this time. Long houses were large, oval-shaped structures. The longest one found at the site was 32 meters (105 feet) long. Scholars believe longhouses were used for meeting places, workshops, or living space. Pit houses were still being inhabited at the same time that
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implies the existence of a coordinated labor force due to the sheer size of these posts. The placement of the posts would have required the cooperation of several people. Interpretations of the use of this large post-supported platform is that it was a base for a tower, or even a shrine.
382:. These dwellings typically were about 3–4 meters (9.8–13.1 ft) in diameter. Over 500 pit dwellings have been found on site. Additionally, they stored their food in pits, which allowed them to hide it when they left the site since the occupants were still semi-nomadic.
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settlement. The ruins of a 40-hectare (400,000 m; 99-acre) settlement were discovered in 1992, when Aomori
Prefecture started surveying the area for a planned baseball stadium. Archaeologists have used this site to further their understanding of the transition to
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The impact of neoglaciation on Sannai-Maruyama Site's disbandment around 2300 BC has contemporary implications. A decrease in temperature by 2.6 °C (4.7 °F) influenced the collapse of the settlement and civilizations in other parts of the world. The
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were not native to the area, and could only have come to this site via trade. The site also contained over 500 burial pits for adult remains, and numerous jar-burials for infants. Some burials, hypothesized to be for the social elite, were enclosed within
317:, above ground storage and long houses. These findings demonstrate a change in the structure of the community, architecture, and organizational behaviors of these people. Because of the extensive information and importance, this site was designated as a
488:. Administratively, the archaeological site and the museum had been separate entities, but now function as a single historic site. After their merger, entrance fees to the archaeological site and museum began to be collected in the museum building.
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The Sannai-Maruyama settlement was occupied from the middle of the Early Jōmon period to the end of the Middle Jōmon period (3900 – 2200 BC), and is the largest Jōmon settlement yet discovered in Japan. It is located on a 20 meter high
475:. After this was announced a number of the excavations were backfilled to protect the site. Since 1994, around 26 additional test excavations have been done. These excavations have resulted in around 40% of the site being excavated.
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Ento style pottery recovered from Sannai-Maruyama. The word "Ento" means "cylindrical". This vessel is a long structure with a wide orifice at the top, and ornamental details. Ento vessels were commonly decorated with cord
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collection in 2021. Today the public can visit the site, its various reconstructions of Jōmon structures, and a museum that displays and houses artifacts collected on the site, which have collectively been designated an
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and the Aomori City Board of
Education from 1953 to 1967 and from 1976 and 1987 AD, the Board of Education of Aomori Prefecture and the city of Aomori conducted further excavations on the southern part of the site.
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conducted at the time, including the foundations for the large six-pillared building in June 1994, Aomori
Prefecture cancelled the baseball stadium project and decided to preserve the site in August 1994 as an
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diameter and was placed exactly 4.2 m (14 ft) apart. Evidence for similar large wooden structures has been found at other sites in Japan and the rest of
Eurasia, including a wooden precursor to
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The true significance of the site was not recognized until the start of construction of a prefectural baseball stadium in 1992. Due to the large number of finds during the
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in relation to the effects the ancient cooling had on the site's population reveal the impact such a change in temperature can have on human society.
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Climate Change, Human
Impacts on the Landscape, and Subsistence Specialization: Historical Ecology and Changes in Jomon Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways
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Reconstruction of a Jōmon period longhouse at Sannai-Maruyama. Only a few longhouses were found; they may have been meeting halls or workshops.
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Around 2900, the inhabitants became more sedentary. They began to store food above ground in elevated buildings rather than in pits. Also,
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1045:"Changes of environments and human activity at the Sannai-Maruyama ruins in Japan during the mid-Holocene Hypsithermal climatic interval"
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836:(in Japanese). Sannai-Maruyama Site Preservation Office, Cultural Properties Protection Division, Aomori Prefectural Board of Education
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50:
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917:[News of charge with opening of "Sannai Maruyama Archeological Center" in April 2019 Sannai Maruyama Archeological Site].
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The settlement of Sannai-Maruyama ended around 2300 BC due to unknown reasons. Its abandonment was likely due to the population's
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being unable to result in sustained growth, with its end being spurred on by the reduced amount of natural resources during the
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458:, as travelers through the area commented in finding pottery shards and clay figurines. The first survey was conducted by
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728:"Growth and decline in complex hunter-gatherer societies: a case study from the Jomon period Sannai Maruyama site, Japan"
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use of natural resources such as nuts, fish, and a wide diversity of plants, as well as changes in storage facilities.
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pit-dwellings. An interpretation of this change was that the site's population had become more sedentary.
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966:"Japan picks ancient Jomon Period sites as candidates for UNESCO World Heritage recognition in 2021"
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List of
Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
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on the right bank of the
Okidate River, at the tip of a ridge extending southwest from the
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671:"'The Cradle of Stonehenge'? Blick Mead – a Mesolithic Site in the Stonehenge Landscape"
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and museum located in the
Maruyama and Yasuta neighborhoods to the southwest of central
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Initially, the Sannai-Maruyama site was used on a temporary basis. There were large
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in 2009, and was officially inscribed on the World
Heritage List on 27 July 2021.
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The area was first settled around 3900 BC. The first settlers of the site lived in
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In April 2019, the site was consolidated with the nearby museum, the Jomon Jiyūkan
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and northern Tōhoku that was recommended by Japan in 2020 for inclusion to the
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1018:[Tokyo Paralympic Flame Ignition Ceremony will be held on 16 August].
697:"The Jomon Megalithic Tradition in Japan: Origins, Features, and Distribution"
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941:"Jômon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidô, Northern Tôhoku, and other regions"
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Reconstructed six-pillar structure and long pit-dwelling at Sannai-Maruyama
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Jōmon
Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions
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and the life of the Jōmon people. Excavation has led to the discovery of
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The Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan.
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The presence of ruins at Sannai-Maruyama was known even during the
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The Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
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446:, a portion of the site was occupied by a medieval fortification.
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Early–Middle Jōmon period, Heian period, Muromachi period
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that was collected from around Japan to be sent to the
883:"Sannai-Maruyama excavation illuminating Jomon life"
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Jomon Archaeological Sites. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
491:The Sannai-Maruyama Site is the centerpiece of the
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1188:Important Cultural Properties of Aomori Prefecture
702:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia
495:, a group of Jōmon period archaeological sites in
994:"Jomon ruins added to UNESCO World Heritage List"
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858:[Sannai-Maruyama excavation report].
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517:The site hosted as the collection point for
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915:"平成31年4月「三内丸山遺跡センター」オープンに伴う有料化のおしらせ 三内丸山遺跡"
16:Jōmon period archaeological site and museum
650:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs
624:(in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs
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1148:Buildings and structures in Aomori (city)
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772:Junko Habu; Mark Hall (1 December 2013).
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493:Jōmon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan
327:Jōmon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan
319:Special National Historical Site of Japan
1173:Tourist attractions in Aomori Prefecture
593:List of Historic Sites of Japan (Aomori)
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353:Elevated storehouse at Sannai-Maruyama.
304:, containing the ruins of a very large
251:Special National Historic Site of Japan
1178:Important Cultural Properties of Japan
812:
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180:40 hectares (400,000 m; 99 acres)
1043:Hodaka Kawahata; et al. (2009).
390:longhouses existed on the landscape.
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258:Important Cultural Property of Japan
1122:"Sannai Maruyama excavation report"
669:David Jacques (21 September 2016).
535:2020 Summer Paralympics torch relay
780:University of California, Berkeley
410:lacquerware. Some objects made of
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881:Tomoko Shibuya (6 October 1997).
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1070:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.009
996:. The Japan Times. 27 July 2021
1024:(in Japanese). 6 February 2020
921:(in Japanese). 5 November 2018
1:
1143:Archaeological sites in Japan
1094:Category:Sannai Maruyama Site
726:Junko Habu (September 2008).
512:World Heritage Tentative List
510:. It was first placed on the
73:Show map of Aomori Prefecture
1168:Museums in Aomori Prefecture
1153:History of Aomori Prefecture
405:The site also contained two
103:Sannai-Maruyama site (Japan)
332:Important Cultural Property
280:
1204:
1049:Quaternary Science Reviews
1016:"東京パラリンピック 採火式は８月１６日（青森県）"
831:"The Sannai-Maruyama Site"
741:Cambridge University Press
323:UNESCO World Heritage Site
564:effects of global warming
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225:Yes (archaeological park)
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648:Cultural Heritage Online
622:Cultural Heritage Online
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695:Andrei Tabarev (2017).
1163:Special Historic Sites
438:. However, during the
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161:40.81028°N 140.69750°E
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281:Sannai-Maruyama iseki
203:Excavation dates
1183:Archaeological parks
1096:at Wikimedia Commons
527:New National Stadium
269:Sannai-Maruyama Site
97:Sannai-Maruyama site
70:Sannai-Maruyama site
64:Sannai-Maruyama site
20:Sannai-Maruyama Site
1061:2009QSRv...28..964K
862:(in Japanese). 1988
504:World Heritage List
473:archaeological park
432:subsistence economy
290:archaeological site
206:1953-1967,1976-1987
166:40.81028; 140.69750
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1116:"Sannai Maruyama."
468:rescue archaeology
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222:Public access
1092:Media related to
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519:Aomori Prefecture
506:, under criteria
373:Hakkōda Mountains
298:Aomori Prefecture
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856:"三内丸山I遺跡発掘調査報告書"
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1021:Yahoo! Japan
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315:storage pits
306:Jōmon period
300:in northern
268:
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1028:10 February
978:28 February
950:28 February
925:28 February
919:Jomon Japan
899:28 February
866:28 February
813:|work=
795:28 February
754:28 February
708:28 February
680:28 February
533:as part of
164: /
152:140°41′51″E
140:Coordinates
1132:Categories
604:References
508:iii and iv
456:Edo period
396:Stonehenge
387:longhouses
380:pit houses
198:Site notes
149:40°48′37″N
815:ignored (
805:cite book
736:Antiquity
400:Mutsu Bay
311:sedentism
840:23 April
654:24 April
628:25 March
618:"三内丸山遺跡"
570:See also
497:Hokkaidō
420:obsidian
217:, others
116:Location
1057:Bibcode
1000:28 July
407:middens
239:.aomori
230:Website
190:Periods
185:History
945:UNESCO
786:
501:UNESCO
362:marks.
294:Aomori
288:is an
275:三内丸山遺跡
130:Region
120:Aomori
26:三内丸山遺跡
834:(PDF)
748:(PDF)
731:(PDF)
531:Tokyo
483:縄文時遊館
416:amber
302:Japan
237:.pref
124:Japan
1030:2020
1002:2021
980:2020
952:2020
927:2020
901:2020
868:2020
842:2020
817:help
797:2020
784:ISBN
756:2020
710:2020
682:2020
656:2020
630:2020
551:pits
418:and
412:jade
267:The
177:Area
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