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1432:"A somewhat earlier relief on a railing column of the Small Stupa at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh (second century B.C.E., sandstone) figures a man engaged in a lion hunt. The panel shows a realistic lion, except for its manes, which are in the shape of small round curls, not unlike those of the Buddha. The lion is more standing upright than thrusting forward, but this may be due to lack of space. The hunter or hero wears non-Indian clothesâboots, a skirt till his knees, a kind of T-shirt and a helmetâ, which might indicate a foreign hero or story. Theoretically, the story line of this panel may be based on the Greek Heracles myth as well." in
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Saka, strongly recalls the members of a drinking couple in a toilet-tray in the
British Museum: same tunic, same chevron pattern on the sleeves (and, in the toilet tray, also on the "solar" motif framing the couple), a very similar hair treatment, and eyelids in strong relief, a detail which is not found on other human figures on the same vedika." in
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According to Ciro Lo Muzio, this is "a relief showing a male figure of north-western or
Central Asian origins, as revealed by his attire: a tight sleeved tunic with folds rendered with parallel lines forming a chevron-like motif along the arms. But for a few details, the figure, possibly depicting a
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These are altogether 455 medallions and half-medallions, or which 293 consist in lotus flowers, and 126 in a lotus with another motif. Only 36 of the medallions have another subject. For the first time, clearly
Buddhist themes are represented, particularly the four events in the life of the Buddha
903:
About a century later, some more descriptive reliefs were added, and often superimposed on the earlier ones, which clearly show the evolution of
Buddhist art during the intervening period. This time, the reliefs are much more Buddhist in character, and are contemporary with the reliefs on the
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The vast majority of the oldest medallions and half-medallions (293 out of 455) simply consist of a lotus motif. A further 126 additional medallions and half medallions represent a lotus with another motif. Some motifs take on
Hellenistic decorative forms.
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The Stupa is located outside of the main complex of Sanchi, about 300 meters to the west, on the slope of Sanchi hill. It is located in a lower position than Stupa 1 because the relics it contained, are those of church dignitaries from the time of
1355:"The hippocamps, the tritons, centaurs and other weird creatures, which certainly were borrowed from Western Art, occur at Gaya and other places, in the sculptures of the early period. Forms more or less similar occur at Mathura and Arnaravati."
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1427:"A very unusual lower dress is worn by a curly headed man depicted on the ground rail pillar at Sanchi; he is defending himself from the attack of a lion with the help of a shield. He is wearing a plaited short skirt like dress" in
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in India, and part of the
Buddhist complex of Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh. It is of particular interest since it has the earliest known important displays of decorative reliefs in India, probably anterior to the reliefs at the
1218:"The railing of Sanchi Stupa No.2, which represents the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence, (and) dates from about the second century B.C.E" John Clifford Holt, Jacob N. Kinnard & Jonathan S. Walters,
1103:
515:. This would indicate that relations between the Indo-Greeks and the Sungas had improved by that time, that people traveled between the two realms, and also that the Indo-Greeks readily followed Indian religions.
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was found on the relic box, mentioning that it contained "the relics of all teachers, including
Kasapagota and Vachi-Suvijayita". Besides, ten saints were mentioned on the caskets, who either participated to the
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Typically, the earliest medallions at Sanchi are dated to 115 BC, while the more extensive pillar carvings are dated to around 80 BC, or almost a century later than the first ones, around 15 BCE.
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script. This seems to imply that these foreign workers were responsible for some of the earliest and sometimes quite foreign motifs and figures that can be found on the railings of the stupa.
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Problems of
Chronology in GandhÄran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the GandhÄra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March 2017, p. 130
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Buddhist
Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, by Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
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Buddhist
Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
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Sunga period railings were initially blank (left: Sanchi Great Stupa), and only started to be decorated circa 115 BCE with Stupa No.2 (right).
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that are: the Nativity, the Enlightenment, the First Sermon and the Decease. Some authors consider these reliefs as the prelude (the "
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It is thought that the earliest reliefs from the last quarter of the 2nd century BCE were produced by craftsmen from the area of
452:(100-80 BCE) and of the later and much more evolved depictions on the toranas of the Great Stupa in Sanchi (1st century BCE/CE).
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These reliefs from the early period of Sanchi II (circa 115 BCE) are the earliest known examples of Indian stone reliefs.
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One of the key indicators to date Sanchi Stupa No.2 has been the similarity of its architectural motifs with those of
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period (323-185 BCE), and it was the earliest to receive decorative reliefs, about a century earlier than Stupa Nb 1.
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Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China
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Constituting Communities: Theravada Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia
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1164:. The similarity in paleography suggests that Sanchi Stupa No. 2 and Bharhut were roughly coeval.
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An Indian Statuette From Pompeii, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, in Artibus Asiae, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1950)
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Animals in Stone: Indian Mammals Sculptured Through Time by Alexandra Anna Enrica van der Geer
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Ancient Indian History and Civilization, Sailendra Nath Sen, New Age International, 1999
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1398:"A man wrestling with an upright lion on a second stupa relief at north Indian Sanchi"
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There are also numerous dedicatory inscriptions on the railings of Stupa II in the
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Among the medallions, purely Buddhist symbols are quite rare. However, motifs of
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Around the time of the first reliefs at Stupa II, in 115 BCE, the embassy of
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supported by his two wives, with reconstituted pillar detail. Also seen in
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to preach the Buddhist doctrine. Among them is a "Mogaliputa", who may be
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Hero fighting against lions, a motif of West-Asian origin, such as
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Map of Sanchi hill, with Stupa II at the extreme left, to the west
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Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology
1410:. American University of Beirut. 12 August 2023. p. 291.
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Foreigner on a horse. The medallions are dated circa 115 BC.
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with lotus and two child attendants, probably derived from
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The relief of the horse-headed ogress in Sanchi Stupa No.2.
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The Stupa contained a relic box with four small caskets of
1468:"Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association"
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Man in costume from the northwest, fighting against lions.
606:. Centaurs are generally considered as Western borrowings.
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a contemporary relief on the Southern Gateway of Stupa 1
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inside, containing human bones. An inscription in early
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Buddhist Landscapes in Central India, Julia Shaw, 2013
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Symmetrical leaping winged lions among floral motifs.
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Buddhist Architecture, Huu Phuoc Le, Grafikol, 2010
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design, often present in early Buddhist decorations.
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1429:Material Life of Northern India, Asha Vishnu, p.11
999:Various decorative elements of Stupa No.2, Sanchi.
828:Buddhist symbols, Sanchi Stupa No2 (circa 115 BCE)
298:Stupa No. 2 is located in the Buddhist complex of
715:Floral designs, Sanchi Stupa No2 (circa 115 BCE)
1152:Inscriptions on the railings of Sanchi Stupa II
1130:Man in costume from the northwest, possibly an
405:One relief of a horse-headed woman, similar to
1400:The Parthian Period by Malcolm A. R. Colledge
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1493:Google Street View tour of Sanchi Stupa No.2
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1315:An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology, by
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436:These first attempts at narrative art are
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1508:Tourist attractions in Raisen district
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464:in northwestern Indian, a central
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1357:Banerjee, Gauranga Nath (1920).
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385:Early period (circa 115 BCE)
206:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
1203:. LIT Verlag MĂźnster, 2000
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96:Show map of Madhya Pradesh
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919:, Stupa No2 (circa 15 BC)
874:Motif based on triratnas.
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1466:Kumar, Ajit (2014).
1363:. Calcutta. p.
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1222:. SUNY Press, 2012
819:Pataliputra capital
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106:General information
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1162:Bharhut Stupa
1159:
1158:Brahmi script
1150:
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1132:Indo-Scythian
1126:
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393:First Jatakas
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1155:
1051:Dharmachakra
973:Dharmachakra
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446:prolegomenon
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258:
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248:
170:23.48; 77.73
18:
1518:Mauryan art
501:Bhagabhadra
493:Antialkidas
423:Bodhisattva
407:another one
361:held under
322:paleography
318:Antialcidas
251:Stupa No. 2
235:1989 (13th
232:Inscription
168: /
143:Coordinates
135:Sanchi Town
1502:Categories
1478:: 223â241.
1168:References
1070:Bodhi tree
767:Medallion.
485:Indo-Greek
481:Heliodorus
470:Kharoshthi
466:Indo-Greek
315:Indo-Greek
286:Foundation
815:palmettes
811:triratnas
743:Elephant.
665:Man on a
588:Anguipede
483:from the
415:Bodh Gaya
367:Himalayas
272:Bodh Gaya
259:Sanchi II
222:Reference
1319:, BRILL
1055:Triratna
887:Palmette
860:Triratna
845:Palmette
624:this one
620:this one
513:VÄsudeva
487:king of
462:Gandhara
438:aniconic
350:steatite
213:Criteria
131:Location
125:Buddhist
1085:Apsaras
1024:Lakshmi
889:design.
667:centaur
604:Centaur
573:Griffin
555:Lakshmi
505:Vidisha
450:Bharhut
409:at the
276:Bharhut
237:Session
202:Part of
156:77°44â˛E
153:23°29â˛N
1288:p.88ff
1259:p.79ff
1236:p.88ff
1205:p.15ff
1100:Ashoka
917:Sanchi
906:torana
783:motif.
524:Sanchi
497:Sungas
491:named
489:Taxila
474:Brahmi
419:Jataka
363:Ashoka
354:Brahmi
336:Relics
330:Ashoka
300:Sanchi
280:Jataka
263:stupas
255:Sanchi
37:Sanchi
1345:p.171
1333:p.170
1321:p.295
1300:p.149
1224:p.197
499:king
115:Stupa
1276:p.90
1053:and
813:and
249:The
111:Type
622:or
503:in
413:of
270:in
253:at
226:524
1504::
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239:)
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