750:
1151:
407:
40:
644:
3894:
2682:
2535:
616:. It is known for its vast sand dunes, which exist mainly due to a lack of vegetation and water. Over time, wind blows away fine particles, such as clay and dead organic matter, leaving only sand and larger rocks. Only 15% of the Sahara is sand dunes, while 70% is bare rock. The wind is responsible for creating these different environments and shaping the sand to be round and smooth. These properties make desert sand unusable for construction.
2581:
2494:
2482:
2593:
3901:
2644:
2569:
2470:
207:
195:
4363:
56:
2617:
697:
2670:
2658:
2694:
2605:
231:
2718:
2634:
2557:
2458:
1042:. Grains of desert sand are rounded by being blown in the wind, and for this reason do not produce solid concrete, unlike the rough sand from the sea. Because of the growth of population and of cities and the consequent construction activity there is a huge demand for these special kinds of sand, and natural sources are running low. In 2012 French director
2706:
2506:
1140:, United Arab Emirates, the use of sand has been very demanding in the construction of infrastructure and creating new islands. They used up their own reserves and also imported sand from Australia. There have been three projects to create artificial islands needing more than 835 million tonnes of sand, which cost more than $ 26 billion USD.
597:, causing the rock to break apart into small pieces. In high energy environments rocks break apart much faster than in more calm settings. In granite rocks this results in more feldspar minerals in the sand because they do not have as much time to dissolve away. The term for sand formed by weathering is "epiclastic."
749:
675:
in the building trade where it is preferred for concrete, and in gardening where it is used as a soil amendment to loosen clay soils. Sand that is transported long distances by water or wind will be rounded, with characteristic abrasion patterns on the grain surface. Desert sand is typically rounded.
604:
and accounts for the majority of the sand used in the construction industry. Because of this, many small rivers have been depleted, causing environmental concern and economic losses to adjacent land. The rate of sand mining in such areas greatly outweighs the rate the sand can replenish, making it a
1066:
industry, raising environmental concerns over fish depletion, landslides, and flooding. Countries such as China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and
Cambodia ban sand exports, citing these issues as a major factor. It is estimated that the annual consumption of sand and gravel is 40 billion tons and sand is a
623:
Marine sand (or ocean sand) comes from sediments transported into the ocean and the erosion of ocean rocks. The thickness of the sand layer varies, however it is common to have more sand closer to land; this type of sand is ideal for construction and is a very valuable commodity. Europe is the main
619:
Beach sand is also formed by erosion. Over thousands of years, rocks are eroded near the shoreline from the constant motion of waves and the sediments build up. Weathering and river deposition also accelerate the process of creating a beach, along with marine animals interacting with rocks, such as
1058:
mixed in with the extracted sand is killed and the ecosystem can continue to suffer for years after the mining is complete. Not only does this affect marine life, but also the local fishing industries because of the loss of life, and communities living close to the water's edge. When sand is taken
633:
584:
are transported downstream. These sediments continue to break apart into smaller pieces until they become fine grains of sand. The type of rock the sediment originated from and the intensity of the environment give different compositions of sand. The most common rock to form sand is
916:, proverbially impermanent. Special play areas for children, enclosing a significant area of sand and known as sandboxes, are common on many public playgrounds, and even at some single-family homes. Sand dunes are also popular among climbers, motorcyclists and
765:: Before sandpaper, wet sand was used as an abrasive element between rotating devices with elastic surface and hard materials such as very hard stone (making of stone vases), or metal (removal of old stain before re-staining copper cooking pots).
276: mm) a volume of approximately 0.00012 cubic millimetres, to 2 mm, a volume of approximately 4.2 cubic millimetres, the difference in volumes being 34,688 measures difference. Any particle falling within this range of sizes is termed a
2106:
288:(particles smaller than 0.0625 mm down to 0.004 mm). The size specification between sand and gravel has remained constant for more than a century, but particle diameters as small as 0.02 mm were considered sand under the
947:
sand and then shape it into molds into which they pour molten material. This type of sand must be able to withstand high temperatures and pressure, allow gases to escape, have a uniform, small grain size, and be non-reactive with
1631:
324:
14688 grades sands as fine, medium, and coarse with ranges 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm to 0.63 mm to 2.0 mm. In the United States, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand
1127:
Manufactured sand (M sand) is sand made from rock by artificial processes, usually for construction purposes in cement or concrete. It differs from river sand by being more angular, and has somewhat different properties.
620:
eating the algae off of them. Once there is a sufficient amount of sand, the beach acts as a barrier to keep the land from eroding any further. This sand is ideal for construction as it is angular and of various sizes.
1053:
To retrieve the sand, the method of hydraulic dredging is used. This works by pumping the top few meters of sand out of the water and filling it into a boat, which is then transported back to land for processing. All
1490:
1074:(UNEP) published a report stating that 50 billion tons of sand and gravel were being used every year. The report made 10 recommendations, including a ban on beach extraction, to avert a crisis, and move toward a
2058:
307:
258:
used in engineering and geology corresponds to US Standard Sieves, and defines sand as particles with a diameter of between 0.074 and 4.75 millimeters. By another definition, in terms of
1615:
954:: These protect against floods and gunfire. The inexpensive bags are easy to transport when empty, and unskilled volunteers can quickly fill them with local sand in emergencies.
857:: Cob is a building material consisting of water, organic material (like straw), lime, and subsoil, which largely consists of sand. Coarse sand makes up as much as 75% of cob.
1090:
require precautions. Bags of silica sand used for sandblasting now carry labels warning the user to wear respiratory protection to avoid breathing the resulting fine silica
1116:
that behaves like a liquid. Quicksand produces a considerable barrier to escape for creatures caught within, who often die from exposure (not from submersion) as a result.
2406:
186:
is in high demand. Desert sand, although plentiful, is not suitable for concrete. Fifty billion tons of beach sand and fossil sand are used each year for construction.
2050:
1791:
1457:
912:
Recreation: Playing with sand is a favorite beach activity. One of the most beloved uses of sand is to make sometimes intricate, sometimes simple structures known as
1119:
People sometimes dig holes in the sand at beaches for recreational purposes, but if too deep they can result in serious injury or death in the event of a collapse.
321:
1885:
Kim, Tae Goun (14 September 2007). "The economic costs to fisheries because of marine sand mining in Ongjin Korea: Concepts, methods, and illustrative results".
1436:
1375:
3371:
403:
D; D being the particle size in mm. On this scale, for sand the value of Φ varies from −1 to +4, with the divisions between sub-categories at whole numbers.
3549:
775:
are ideal for crops such as watermelons, peaches, and peanuts, and their excellent drainage characteristics make them suitable for intensive dairy farming.
1921:
1050:" about the impact of the lack of construction sand. It shows the ecological and economic effects of both legal and illegal trade in construction sand.
2158:
303:
1868:
4392:
2399:
2378:
1763:
1567:
2313:
1951:
1730:
1661:
2084:
2080:
1071:
795:: Sand makes a low-cost aquarium base material which some believe is better than gravel for home use. It is also a necessity for saltwater
172:
1844:
1769:
284:(with particles ranging from 2 mm up to 64 mm by the latter system, and from 4.75 mm up to 75 mm in the former) and
980:: While not in widespread use anymore, sand used to be heated and poured on invading troops in the classical and medieval time periods.
4245:
2297:
2140:
1369:
255:
109:
The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland
2424:
2392:
1700:
1599:
1484:
736:
1523:
2372:
1204:
1180:
211:
1982:
1834:
4250:
3542:
1752:
Yong, Syed E. Hasan, Benedetto De Vivo, Bernhard
Grasemann, Kurt Stüwe, Jan Lastovicka, Syed M. Hasan, Chen (5 December 2011).
1059:
out of the water it increases the risk of landslides, which can lead to loss of agricultural land and/or damage to dwellings.
4343:
4235:
3893:
718:
151:. It is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years, as in the
933:
draw images in sand. Makers of animated films use the same term to describe their use of sand on frontlit or backlit glass.
655:
The study of individual grains can reveal much historical information as to the origin and kind of transport of the grain.
4105:
4032:
3937:
3074:
2955:
2497:
2357:
2263:
1198:
753:
Sand grains of yellow building sand. Microscope Lumam P-8. EPI lighting. The photo of each grain of sand is the result of
3900:
1409:
636:
39:
1067:
US$ 70 billion global industry. With increasing use, more is expected to come from recycling and alternatives to sand.
3962:
3387:
1261:
1432:
1356:
4366:
3535:
2987:
2432:
441:
The composition of mineral sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. The bright
1334:
1070:
The global demand for sand in 2017 was 9.55 billion tons as part of a $ 99.5 billion industry. In April 2022, the
707:
406:
3290:
2685:
2348:
1308:
466:
461:
or organically derived fragmental material, suggesting that sand formation depends on living organisms, too. The
168:
990:
use sand for filtering water. It is also commonly used by many water treatment facilities, often in the form of
4050:
3366:
3356:
3228:
3218:
3048:
2786:
2584:
2415:
1583:
2485:
1913:
3731:
3206:
3181:
3121:
2801:
2742:
2596:
235:
2572:
4192:
3947:
3469:
3280:
3094:
2930:
2905:
2826:
2756:
2735:
2627:
1174:
648:
418:
The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is
179:
2185:"An Investigation into the Use of Manufactured Sand as a 100% Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete"
4338:
3156:
2965:
2473:
1470:
1249: – a surprising, uncommon way of sand pile growth that can be found in a few sands around the world
1155:
977:
899:
762:
714:
94:
particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than
31:
2620:
643:
4167:
4120:
4075:
4060:
3509:
3361:
3318:
3211:
3136:
2673:
2519:
2196:
2111:
2021:
1865:
1098:
for silica sand state that "excessive inhalation of crystalline silica is a serious health concern."
872:
2004:
Torres, Aurora; Simoni, Mark U.; Keiding, Jakob K.; Müller, Daniel B.; zu
Ermgassen, Sophus O.S.E.;
4271:
4065:
3629:
3285:
3275:
2816:
2776:
2749:
2524:
2514:
1186:
1162:
1102:
2560:
2159:"Maine man, 18, killed in sand collapse on New Jersey beach; dad recalls his 'quirky' personality"
632:
395: mm – 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm – 2 mm). These sizes are based on the
4240:
4227:
4080:
4040:
3751:
3654:
3236:
2945:
2728:
2647:
1943:
1785:
1722:
1653:
876:
164:
106:
of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.
310:
set the minimum sand size at 0.074 mm. Sand feels gritty when rubbed between the fingers.
4296:
4202:
4115:
3821:
3659:
3649:
3609:
3574:
3558:
3333:
3079:
2970:
2791:
2293:
2224:
1759:
1623:
1595:
1563:
1480:
1365:
1255:
1237: – Mixture of sand, silt or clay with water, which creates a liquefied soil when agitated
1228:
1095:
991:
906:
834:
824:
298:
132:
87:
1753:
1511:
Urquhart, Leonard Church, "Civil
Engineering Handbook" McGraw-Hill Book Company (1959) p. 8-2
4291:
4125:
4100:
4095:
4070:
4020:
3846:
3706:
3624:
3589:
3383:
3270:
3161:
3126:
3101:
2960:
2781:
2255:
2214:
2204:
2029:
1894:
1246:
1075:
983:
885:
814:
289:
3416:
2681:
2534:
2137:
4328:
4110:
4055:
3922:
3831:
3826:
3711:
3594:
3499:
3323:
3241:
3176:
3171:
3069:
2935:
2806:
2661:
2580:
2493:
2144:
1872:
1527:
1476:
1216:
1043:
930:
889:
545:
156:
1692:
430:, which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness, is the most common
2481:
2200:
2025:
1520:
3721:
3716:
3679:
3619:
3599:
3446:
3338:
3255:
3059:
2821:
2811:
2697:
2592:
2219:
2184:
1240:
926:
854:
778:
754:
668:
526:
502:
206:
194:
2643:
2568:
2469:
879:", a material to hold open cracks that are caused by the hydraulic fracturing process.
4387:
4381:
4333:
4316:
4266:
4207:
4182:
4045:
3972:
3644:
3474:
3313:
3191:
3186:
2910:
2831:
2324:
1974:
1839:
1588:
1222:
1192:
841:
where tides, storms, or deliberate changes to the shoreline erode the original sand.
4197:
4085:
3957:
3952:
3851:
3841:
3786:
3494:
3489:
3479:
3459:
3146:
3089:
2920:
2637:
1898:
1302:
1087:
1038:
Only some sands are suitable for the construction industry, for example for making
987:
957:
940:
936:
923:
Roads: Sand improves traction (and thus traffic safety) in icy or snowy conditions.
828:
302:
written around 240 BCE, were 0.02 mm in diameter. A 1938 specification of the
247:
103:
48:
1225: – Notion for comparing dimensions of particles in different states of matter
882:
Landscaping: Sand makes small hills and slopes (golf courses would be an example).
55:
2259:
2034:
2009:
1544:. Vol. 7 (5 ed.). The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. pp. 3823–3824.
4348:
4162:
4135:
4130:
4010:
3992:
3982:
3977:
3932:
3927:
3917:
3866:
3856:
3579:
3504:
3201:
3084:
3023:
2330:
2005:
1272:
1266:
1055:
1022:
917:
913:
768:
696:
656:
68:
2616:
2243:
4276:
4212:
4172:
4090:
4015:
3806:
3664:
3328:
3308:
3196:
3008:
3003:
2925:
2915:
2796:
2669:
2657:
2541:
2461:
1830:
1296:
1290:
1201: – Class of cements, mechanically processed to transform reactivity (EMC)
818:
786:
680:
672:
601:
577:
530:
506:
486:
470:
442:
435:
396:
293:
259:
2366:
1627:
1401:
1171: – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
875:: A drilling technique for natural gas, which uses rounded silica sand as a "
863:: Sand is often a principal component of this critical construction material.
556:
of the sand, giving a deep yellow color. Sand deposits in some areas contain
4217:
4177:
4005:
3942:
3861:
3791:
3484:
3464:
3350:
3166:
3151:
2767:
2709:
2693:
2608:
2509:
1284:
1278:
1234:
1210:
1165: – Mass of rock, gravel, sand, soil particles, or of minerals in a rock
1106:
1047:
808:
800:
796:
514:
498:
478:
446:
411:
263:
230:
152:
148:
136:
110:
2604:
2384:
2290:
The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It
Transformed Civilization
2228:
1029:
for structural strength, which they need because they lack a true skeleton.
624:
miners of marine sand, which greatly hurts ecosystems and local fisheries.
2717:
2633:
2556:
17:
4145:
4140:
3967:
3882:
3741:
3566:
3514:
3401:
3131:
3106:
3033:
2950:
2940:
1113:
1063:
1039:
1026:
1014:
1007:
997:
961:
860:
792:
782:
590:
581:
561:
534:
522:
482:
458:
454:
223:
183:
114:
2457:
1682:
Krinsley, D.H., Smalley, I.J. 1972. Sand. American
Scientist 60, 286–291
1616:"What is the reason for not using sea and desert sand for construction?"
4281:
4155:
4000:
3876:
3871:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3686:
3454:
3426:
3111:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3013:
2721:
2116:
1330:
1110:
1011:
971:
967:
951:
944:
721: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
660:
613:
608:
Sand dunes are a consequence of dry conditions or wind deposition. The
586:
573:
553:
541:
494:
490:
431:
199:
91:
72:
27:
Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
2705:
2505:
2209:
1293: – Meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions
533:
bearing sands are typically green in color, as are sands derived from
4306:
4301:
3836:
3816:
3771:
3756:
3614:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3343:
3141:
3116:
3064:
2874:
781:: Finer sand particles mixed with cloth was commonly used in certain
664:
609:
594:
557:
518:
510:
474:
462:
427:
419:
292:
standard in use during the early 20th century. The grains of sand in
281:
239:
219:
160:
126:
118:
95:
76:
3527:
612:
is very dry because of its geographic location and proximity to the
135:
is the second most common type of sand. One such example of this is
2323:
2081:"Our use of sand brings us "up against the wall", says UNEP report"
2008:; Jaeger, Jochen A.G.; Winter, Marten; Lambin, Eric F. (May 2021).
869:: Sand rich in silica is the principal component in common glasses.
600:
Sand from rivers are collected either from the river itself or its
4187:
4150:
3909:
3811:
3761:
3746:
3736:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3639:
3634:
3584:
2889:
1168:
1137:
1018:
1001:
895:
866:
844:
838:
804:
748:
642:
631:
450:
405:
315:
308:
American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
243:
229:
205:
193:
144:
54:
38:
1086:
While sand is generally non-toxic, sand-using activities such as
4321:
4286:
3796:
3726:
3674:
3669:
3376:
2884:
2879:
2864:
2859:
2844:
2546:
2315:
Beach Sand: What It Is, Where It Comes From and How It Gets Here
1091:
848:
772:
683:. Organisms that thrive in sandy environments are psammophiles.
580:
over a long period of time, mainly by water and wind, and their
549:
537:
311:
285:
215:
99:
44:
3531:
2388:
2051:"As ice melts, Greenland could become big sand exporter: study"
1530:. Susanscott.net (1 March 2002). Retrieved on 24 November 2011.
517:
are dark to black in color, as are sands derived from volcanic
306:
was 0.05 mm. A 1953 engineering standard published by the
3801:
3604:
2329:
2010:"Sustainability of the global sand system in the Anthropocene"
690:
445:
found in tropical and subtropical coastal settings are eroded
1805:
1177: – Coarse to fine grain rock materials used in concrete
2157:
Ellement, John R.; Yan, Matt; Annear, Steve (18 May 2022).
1558:
544:
content. Many sands, especially those found extensively in
266:, sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625 mm (or
1195: – Conjectural soil type probably not found in nature
2147:. Simplot (13 March 2011). Retrieved on 24 November 2011.
651:, Egypt. Pitting is a consequence of wind transportation.
2379:
Sand crisis looms as world population surges, U.N. warns
2107:"The world is using sand faster than it can be replaced"
909:
use sand to improve the traction of wheels on the rails.
1258: – Moulding and sculpting shapes out of moist sand
1219: – Green sand beach in Kaʻū district, Hawai'i, US
821:
bagged sand can serve as the foundation for new reefs.
1251:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
254:
The exact definition of sand varies. The scientific
182:
over human timescales, and sand suitable for making
4259:
4226:
4031:
3991:
3908:
3565:
3445:
3400:
3299:
3263:
3254:
3227:
3047:
2996:
2983:
2898:
2852:
2843:
2766:
2444:
2431:
1469:Pettijohn, FJ; Potter, PE; Siever, Raymond (1972).
560:and other resistant minerals, including some small
1587:
1521:Seaweed also plays a role in the formation of sand
1311: – National park in New Mexico, United States
902:for walls and ceilings or non-slip floor surfaces.
1835:"The story of climate change gets star treatment"
1755:Environmental and Engineering Geology -Volume III
799:, which emulate environments composed largely of
785:filter designs but have largely been replaced by
1912:Torres, Aurora; et al. (8 September 2017).
1723:"Importing Sand, Glass May Help Restore Beaches"
1433:"The Slippery Slopes of the World Sand Shortage"
1364:. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. 1976. p. 35.
1305: – A phenomenon of sand that produces sound
1231: – Black Sand Beach, Big Island, Hawaii, US
847:: Manufacturing plants add sand to a mixture of
679:People who collect sand as a hobby are known as
155:. Somewhat more rarely, sand may be composed of
143:million years by various forms of life, such as
2367:How Demand For Sand Is Killing Rivers In Africa
1594:(6 ed.). Columbia University Press. 2000.
1299: – Unauthorized or illegal mining of sand
667:quartz crystals will be angular. It is called
410:Close up of black volcanic sand from Perissa,
198:Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (
3543:
2400:
1275: – Practice that is used to extract sand
1010:"skeletons": Animals in this order of marine
851:and other materials for manufacturing bricks.
79:and the mainland United States. (1×1 cm each)
8:
2358:Sand Mining In India Rivers Causing Problems
1790:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
892:and lime to be used in masonry construction.
2183:Pilegis, M.; Gardner, D.; Lark, R. (2016).
1402:"How the demand for sand is killing rivers"
1269: – Island that is largely made of sand
3550:
3536:
3528:
3260:
2993:
2849:
2441:
2407:
2393:
2385:
1914:"The world is facing a global sand crisis"
1213: – Type of unconventional oil deposit
473:are famous for their bright, white color.
139:, which has been created over the past 500
2218:
2208:
2033:
1562:. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 155–160.
1243: – Kaihalulu Beach, Maui, Hawaii, US
1207: – Ore deposits of rare earth metals
907:Engine drivers and rail transit operators
737:Learn how and when to remove this message
1875:Arte Future, last updated 23 April 2014
1400:Constable, Harriet (3 September 2017).
1321:
1062:Sand's many uses require a significant
888:: Sand is mixed with masonry cement or
304:United States Department of Agriculture
1783:
964:in cleaning, preparing, and polishing.
1954:from the original on 16 December 2018
1664:from the original on 13 December 2019
1634:from the original on 15 December 2019
1553:
1551:
1412:from the original on 3 September 2017
1381:from the original on 14 February 2019
63:volcanic, biogenic coral, pink coral,
7:
2085:United Nations Environment Programme
1847:from the original on 4 November 2014
1072:United Nations Environment Programme
1034:Resources and environmental concerns
970:: Quartz sand is a raw material for
898:: Mixing sand with paint produces a
719:adding citations to reliable sources
173:Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
2049:Doyle, Alister (11 February 2019).
1337:from the original on 13 August 2019
1004:ritual wiping of parts of the body.
226:coating providing the orange color.
4246:Integrated coastal zone management
2061:from the original on 7 August 2020
1985:from the original on 16 April 2018
1758:. EOLSS Publications. p. 80.
1458:Unified Soil Classification System
1439:from the original on 29 March 2019
1189: – Light reddish-yellow color
593:minerals dissolve faster than the
256:Unified Soil Classification System
25:
2425:Offshore geotechnical engineering
1358:Glossary of terms in soil science
497:rock outcrop. Some sands contain
4362:
4361:
3899:
3892:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2642:
2632:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2533:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2349:The World Is Running Out Of Sand
2337:. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
2332:The New Student's Reference Work
2322:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914).
2266:from the original on 29 May 2019
1975:"The Deadly Global War for Sand"
1924:from the original on 9 July 2018
1772:from the original on 2 July 2021
1733:from the original on 2 July 2021
1703:from the original on 9 July 2017
1493:from the original on 2 July 2021
1287: – Type of sedimentary rock
1205:Heavy mineral sands ore deposits
1181:Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park
1149:
695:
659:that is recently weathered from
212:Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park
167:, as is found in places such as
1973:Beiser, Vince (26 March 2015).
1105:, sand and salt water can form
706:needs additional citations for
457:fragments in addition to other
345: mm diameter), fine sand (
4344:Region of freshwater influence
2242:Peduzzi, Pascal (April 2014).
1899:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.016
1183: – State park in Utah, US
1:
4393:Soil-based building materials
4106:Large-scale coastal behaviour
3938:Beaches in estuaries and bays
3075:Mechanically stabilized earth
2244:"Sand, rarer than one thinks"
1199:Energetically modified cement
552:impurities within the quartz
2827:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2260:10.1016/j.envdev.2014.04.001
2035:10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.011
1025:incorporate sand into their
647:Pitted sand grains from the
637:Scanning electron micrograph
314:, by comparison, feels like
3388:Stress distribution in soil
1262:Sand Beach (disambiguation)
1046:made a documentary called "
960:: Graded sand serves as an
837:: Governments move sand to
238:. Components are primarily
102:. Sand can also refer to a
90:composed of finely divided
4409:
2538:Pore pressure measurement
426:), usually in the form of
280:. Sand grains are between
125:), usually in the form of
65:volcanic, garnet, olivine.
29:
4357:
3890:
3291:Preconsolidation pressure
2686:Standard penetration test
2422:
2318:- Beaufort County Library
2248:Environmental Development
2083:(Press release). Geneva:
1871:24 September 2015 at the
1590:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1309:White Sands National Park
1156:Earth Sciences portal
972:the production of silicon
939:: Casters moisten or oil
467:White Sands National Park
169:White Sands National Park
4051:Coastal biogeomorphology
2787:California bearing ratio
2585:Rotary-pressure sounding
2416:Geotechnical engineering
2343:Sand mining side-effects
1654:"How Is A Beach Formed?"
1281: – Genus of rodents
605:non-renewable resource.
422:(silicon dioxide, or SiO
399:, where size is Φ = -log
385: mm), coarse sand (
365: mm), medium sand (
121:(silicon dioxide, or SiO
3207:Geosynthetic clay liner
3182:Expanded clay aggregate
2802:Proctor compaction test
2743:Crosshole sonic logging
2729:Nuclear densometer test
2486:Geo-electrical sounding
1078:for the two resources.
236:Pismo Beach, California
3948:Coastal morphodynamics
3470:Earthquake engineering
3281:Lateral earth pressure
2906:Hydraulic conductivity
2757:Wave equation analysis
2736:Exploration geophysics
2628:Deformation monitoring
2597:Rotary weight sounding
1944:"The hourglass effect"
1540:Gilman, Larry (2014).
1175:Construction aggregate
803:sand broken down from
758:
652:
640:
639:showing grains of sand
493:of a (usually nearby)
485:content, derived from
415:
251:
250:, and shell fragments.
227:
218:. These are grains of
203:
180:non-renewable resource
80:
52:
4339:Physical oceanography
2648:Settlement recordings
2573:Rock control drilling
2474:Cone penetration test
2288:Vince Beiser (2018).
2143:11 March 2006 at the
2087:(UNEP). 26 April 2022
752:
646:
635:
409:
233:
209:
197:
67:Samples are from the
58:
42:
32:Sand (disambiguation)
4168:Submergent coastline
4121:Marine transgression
4076:Discordant coastline
4061:Concordant coastline
3510:Agricultural science
3212:Cellular confinement
1887:Ecological Economics
1660:. 19 December 2017.
873:Hydraulic fracturing
715:improve this article
117:coastal settings is
61:glass, dune, quartz,
30:For other uses, see
4272:Coastal engineering
3402:Numerical analysis
3286:Overburden pressure
3276:Pore water pressure
3056:Shoring structures
2931:Reynolds' dilatancy
2832:Water content tests
2817:Triaxial shear test
2777:Soil classification
2750:Pile integrity test
2292:. Riverhead Books.
2201:2016Mate....9..440P
2026:2021OEart...4..639T
1697:Merriam-Webster.com
1526:1 July 2017 at the
1187:Desert sand (color)
1163:Aggregate (geology)
1103:pore water pressure
931:Performance artists
755:multifocal stacking
59:Depiction of sands:
4241:Coastal management
4081:Emergent coastline
3752:Intertidal wetland
3655:Continental margin
3377:Slab stabilisation
3357:Stability analysis
2373:Dubai Imports Sand
1950:. 8 October 2009.
1866:Strände in Gefahr?
1472:Sand and Sandstone
1431:Albarazi, Hannah.
1096:Safety data sheets
992:rapid sand filters
825:Artificial islands
759:
653:
641:
481:with considerable
465:sand dunes of the
416:
397:Krumbein phi scale
252:
228:
204:
81:
53:
4375:
4374:
4203:Wave-cut platform
4116:Marine regression
3660:Continental shelf
3650:Coastal waterfall
3559:Coastal geography
3525:
3524:
3396:
3395:
3372:Sliding criterion
3334:Response spectrum
3250:
3249:
3080:Pressure grouting
2979:
2978:
2839:
2838:
2792:Direct shear test
2498:Permeability test
2210:10.3390/ma9060440
1833:(26 April 2014).
1810:www.sand-wars.com
1765:978-1-84826-357-4
1622:. 2 August 2015.
1569:978-94-017-9143-4
1406:BBC News Magazine
1333:. sandatlas.org.
1256:Sand art and play
1101:In areas of high
1000:: Tayammum is an
835:Beach nourishment
747:
746:
739:
299:The Sand Reckoner
133:Calcium carbonate
113:settings and non-
98:and coarser than
88:granular material
16:(Redirected from
4400:
4365:
4364:
4126:Raised shoreline
4101:Ingression coast
4096:Graded shoreline
4071:Cuspate foreland
3903:
3896:
3847:Submarine canyon
3707:Freshwater marsh
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3384:Bearing capacity
3271:Effective stress
3261:
3162:Land reclamation
3102:Land development
2997:Natural features
2994:
2961:Specific storage
2850:
2782:Atterberg limits
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2646:
2636:
2621:Screw plate test
2619:
2607:
2595:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2537:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2442:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2303:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2138:Silica sand MSDS
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1918:The Conversation
1909:
1903:
1902:
1882:
1876:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1729:. 17 July 2007.
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1363:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1326:
1252:
1247:Revolving rivers
1154:
1153:
1152:
1076:circular economy
984:Water filtration
943:, also known as
815:Artificial reefs
742:
735:
731:
728:
722:
699:
691:
513:. Sands rich in
449:and may contain
394:
393:
389:
384:
383:
379:
374:
373:
369:
364:
363:
359:
354:
353:
349:
344:
343:
339:
334:
333:
329:
290:Albert Atterberg
275:
274:
270:
142:
21:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4353:
4329:Intertidal zone
4255:
4222:
4111:Longshore drift
4056:Coastal erosion
4027:
3987:
3923:Beach evolution
3904:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3575:Anchialine pool
3561:
3556:
3526:
3521:
3500:Earth materials
3441:
3403:
3392:
3301:
3295:
3246:
3223:
3177:Earth structure
3172:Erosion control
3070:Ground freezing
3060:Retaining walls
3043:
2985:
2975:
2936:Angle of repose
2894:
2835:
2769:
2762:
2761:
2722:Visible bedrock
2674:Simple sounding
2662:Shear vane test
2438:instrumentation
2437:
2435:
2427:
2418:
2413:
2321:
2310:
2300:
2287:
2284:
2282:Further reading
2279:
2269:
2267:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2163:BostonGlobe.com
2156:
2155:
2151:
2145:Wayback Machine
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2119:. 28 April 2022
2105:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1873:Wayback Machine
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1766:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1528:Wayback Machine
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1487:
1477:Springer Verlag
1468:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1250:
1217:Papakolea Beach
1150:
1148:
1146:
1134:
1125:
1084:
1044:Denis Delestrac
1036:
900:textured finish
890:Portland cement
743:
732:
726:
723:
712:
700:
689:
630:
570:
546:Southern Europe
425:
402:
391:
387:
386:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
272:
268:
267:
192:
157:calcium sulfate
140:
124:
66:
64:
62:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4406:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Brackish marsh
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:Barrier island
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3447:Related fields
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Classification
3364:
3359:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3339:Seismic hazard
3336:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:Shear strength
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Friction angle
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Oedometer test
2819:
2814:
2812:Sieve analysis
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2698:Total sounding
2689:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2664:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2624:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2362:New York Times
2355:
2353:New York Times
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2319:
2309:
2308:External links
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:978-0399576423
2298:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2234:
2175:
2149:
2130:
2098:
2072:
2041:
2020:(5): 639–650.
1996:
1965:
1935:
1904:
1893:(3): 498–507.
1877:
1858:
1822:
1797:
1764:
1744:
1714:
1684:
1675:
1645:
1607:
1600:
1575:
1568:
1547:
1532:
1513:
1504:
1485:
1461:
1450:
1423:
1392:
1371:978-0662015338
1370:
1348:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1241:Red Sand Beach
1238:
1232:
1229:Punaluʻu Beach
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1083:
1080:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1005:
995:
981:
978:Thermal weapon
975:
965:
955:
949:
934:
927:Sand animation
924:
921:
910:
903:
893:
883:
880:
870:
864:
858:
852:
842:
832:
822:
812:
790:
779:Air filtration
776:
766:
745:
744:
703:
701:
694:
688:
685:
671:in geology or
649:Western Desert
629:
626:
569:
566:
423:
400:
191:
188:
175:in the U.S.
122:
104:textural class
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4405:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4368:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Littoral zone
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Bulkhead line
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Wave shoaling
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Surge channel
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Cliffed coast
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Shingle beach
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Coastal plain
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3475:Geomorphology
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Consolidation
3317:
3315:
3314:Frost heaving
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3192:Geosynthetics
3190:
3188:
3187:Crushed stone
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Cut-and-cover
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2982:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Water content
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:Sample series
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2433:Investigation
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1948:The Economist
1945:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:New Scientist
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1745:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:"Psammophile"
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1601:9780787650155
1597:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1486:9780387900711
1482:
1479:. p. 1.
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:Particle size
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:Dry quicksand
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:, which is a
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:Media filters
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
963:
959:
956:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
922:
919:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
846:
843:
840:
836:
833:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
751:
741:
738:
730:
720:
716:
710:
709:
704:This section
702:
698:
693:
692:
686:
684:
682:
677:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
650:
645:
638:
634:
627:
625:
621:
617:
615:
611:
610:Sahara Desert
606:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
579:
575:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:is a sand or
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
434:resistant to
433:
429:
421:
413:
408:
404:
398:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
265:
261:
260:particle size
257:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
201:
196:
189:
187:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
138:
134:
130:
128:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
78:
74:
70:
57:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4311:
4198:Volcanic arc
4086:Feeder bluff
3993:River mouths
3958:Raised beach
3953:Pocket beach
3881:
3852:Tidal island
3842:Strand plain
3787:Natural arch
3495:Biogeography
3490:Hydrogeology
3480:Soil science
3460:Geochemistry
3219:Infiltration
3147:Cut and fill
3090:Soil nailing
2956:Permeability
2921:Bulk density
2869:
2638:Inclinometer
2561:Ram sounding
2446:
2361:
2352:
2331:
2325:"Sand"
2314:
2289:
2268:. Retrieved
2251:
2247:
2237:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2054:
2044:
2017:
2013:
2006:Liu, Jianguo
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1978:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1917:
1907:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1838:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1774:. Retrieved
1754:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1657:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1589:
1578:
1559:
1541:
1535:
1516:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1475:. New York:
1471:
1464:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1405:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1357:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1331:"Sand types"
1324:
1303:Singing sand
1147:
1135:
1132:Case studies
1126:
1118:
1100:
1088:sandblasting
1085:
1069:
1061:
1052:
1037:
1023:sea anemones
958:Sandblasting
941:molding sand
937:Sand casting
914:sand castles
829:Persian Gulf
733:
727:January 2018
724:
713:Please help
708:verification
705:
678:
654:
622:
618:
607:
599:
589:, where the
571:
540:with a high
440:
417:
320:
297:
277:
253:
248:igneous rock
177:
131:
108:
83:
82:
49:Idehan Ubari
36:
4349:River plume
4163:Steep coast
4136:Rocky shore
4131:Rip current
4011:River delta
3983:Wash margin
3978:Storm beach
3968:Shell beach
3933:Beach wrack
3928:Beach ridge
3918:Beach cusps
3867:Tied island
3857:Tidal marsh
3580:Archipelago
3505:Archaeology
3229:Foundations
3202:Geomembrane
3085:Slurry wall
3024:Water table
2988:Interaction
2984:Structures
2971:Sensitivity
2768:Laboratory
2254:: 208–218.
2168:23 February
2065:12 February
2055:reuters.com
1928:9 September
1815:23 February
1806:"SAND WARS"
1560:Sand Mining
1416:9 September
1341:17 February
1329:Siim Sepp.
1273:Sand mining
1267:Sand island
1123:Manufacture
1056:marine life
1017:related to
918:beach buggy
905:Railroads:
787:microfibers
769:Agriculture
681:arenophiles
657:Quartz sand
602:flood plain
443:white sands
375: mm –
355: mm –
262:as used by
190:Composition
111:continental
69:Gobi Desert
4382:Categories
4277:Grain size
4251:Submersion
4228:Management
4213:Wind fetch
4173:Surf break
4091:Flat coast
4021:regressive
3807:Salt marsh
3665:Coral reef
3362:Mitigation
3344:Shear wave
3329:Earthquake
3324:Compaction
3309:Permafrost
3300:Phenomena/
3197:Geotextile
3122:Embankment
3112:Excavation
3049:Earthworks
3009:Vegetation
3004:Topography
2926:Thixotropy
2916:Void ratio
2899:Properties
2797:Hydrometer
2542:Piezometer
2462:Core drill
2195:(6): 440.
1958:14 October
1831:Simon Ings
1776:19 October
1707:27 January
1658:WorldAtlas
1317:References
1297:Sand theft
1015:cnidarians
819:Geotextile
797:reef tanks
673:sharp sand
531:glauconite
507:glauconite
487:weathering
471:New Mexico
436:weathering
294:Archimedes
278:sand grain
264:geologists
234:Sand from
210:Sand from
178:Sand is a
159:, such as
18:Sand grain
4236:Accretion
4218:Wind wave
4178:Surf zone
4033:Processes
4006:Mouth bar
3963:Recession
3943:Beachrock
3862:Tide pool
3792:Peninsula
3680:cliff-top
3567:Landforms
3485:Hydrology
3465:Petrology
3353:analysis
3351:Landslide
3256:Mechanics
3167:Track bed
3152:Fill dirt
3137:Terracing
2710:Trial pit
2525:Statnamic
2510:Load test
2381:- Reuters
2189:Materials
2014:One Earth
1786:cite book
1628:0971-751X
1620:The Hindu
1385:11 August
1291:Sandstorm
1285:Sandstone
1235:Quicksand
1211:Oil sands
1107:quicksand
1048:Sand Wars
809:shellfish
801:aragonite
582:sediments
562:gemstones
515:magnetite
499:magnetite
479:sandstone
447:limestone
412:Santorini
153:Caribbean
149:shellfish
137:aragonite
4367:Category
4193:Undertow
4146:Sea foam
4141:Sea cave
4041:Blowhole
3883:Windwatt
3742:Headland
3590:Avulsion
3515:Agrology
3404:software
3302:problems
3132:Causeway
3107:Landfill
3034:Subgrade
2951:Porosity
2946:Cohesion
2264:Archived
2229:28773560
2141:Archived
2123:28 April
2112:ABC News
2091:28 April
2059:Archived
1989:26 March
1983:Archived
1952:Archived
1922:Archived
1869:Archived
1845:Archived
1843:: 28–9.
1770:Archived
1731:Archived
1701:Archived
1668:10 April
1662:Archived
1632:Archived
1584:"Sahara"
1524:Archived
1491:Archived
1443:29 March
1437:Archived
1410:Archived
1376:Archived
1335:Archived
1279:Sand rat
1144:See also
1114:hydrogel
1064:dredging
1040:concrete
1027:mesoglea
1008:Zoanthid
998:Tayammum
962:abrasive
952:Sandbags
920:drivers.
877:proppant
861:Concrete
783:gas mask
771:: Sandy
763:Abrasion
591:feldspar
554:crystals
535:basaltic
527:Chlorite
523:obsidian
503:chlorite
495:granitic
483:feldspar
414:, Greece
224:hematite
202:, India)
184:concrete
165:selenite
115:tropical
4317:shingle
4297:granule
4282:boulder
4260:Related
4156:peresyp
4066:Current
4001:Debouch
3910:Beaches
3877:Waituna
3872:Tombolo
3782:Mudflat
3777:Machair
3767:Isthmus
3687:Estuary
3630:Channel
3455:Geology
3427:SVSlope
3237:Shallow
3157:Grading
3095:Tieback
3039:Subsoil
3029:Bedrock
3019:Topsoil
3014:Terrain
2807:R-value
2770:testing
2520:Dynamic
2447:in situ
2445:Field (
2220:5456819
2197:Bibcode
2117:Reuters
2022:Bibcode
1737:4 April
1727:NPR.org
1638:9 April
1497:9 March
1111:colloid
1082:Hazards
1012:benthic
1002:Islamic
968:Silicon
948:metals.
945:foundry
839:beaches
827:in the
793:Aquaria
661:granite
614:equator
587:granite
578:weather
568:Sources
558:garnets
548:, have
542:olivine
519:basalts
491:erosion
459:organic
432:mineral
390:⁄
380:⁄
370:⁄
360:⁄
350:⁄
340:⁄
330:⁄
271:⁄
222:with a
200:Chennai
92:mineral
73:Estonia
51:, Libya
47:in the
4307:pebble
4302:gravel
4292:cobble
3837:Strait
3817:Skerry
3772:Lagoon
3757:Island
3712:Fundus
3615:Bodden
3437:Plaxis
3432:UTEXAS
3422:SVFlux
3412:SEEP2D
3264:Forces
3117:Trench
3065:Gabion
2875:Gravel
2515:Static
2334:
2296:
2270:29 May
2227:
2217:
1851:29 May
1762:
1626:
1598:
1566:
1483:
1368:
1019:corals
886:Mortar
665:gneiss
595:quartz
572:Rocks
511:gypsum
475:Arkose
463:gypsum
428:quartz
420:silica
282:gravel
240:quartz
220:quartz
161:gypsum
141:
127:quartz
119:silica
96:gravel
77:Hawaii
4188:Swash
4151:Shoal
3832:Stack
3822:Sound
3812:Shoal
3762:Islet
3747:Inlet
3737:Hapua
3702:Fjord
3697:Fjard
3692:Firth
3640:Coast
3635:Cliff
3610:Bight
3585:Atoll
3417:STABL
2890:Loess
2853:Types
2375:- BBC
2369:- BBC
1979:Wired
1379:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1169:Beach
1138:Dubai
896:Paint
867:Glass
845:Brick
805:coral
773:soils
628:Study
574:erode
509:, or
455:shell
451:coral
316:flour
244:chert
145:coral
86:is a
45:dunes
43:Sand
4388:Sand
4322:silt
4312:sand
4287:clay
4016:mega
3827:Spit
3797:Reef
3727:Gulf
3675:Dune
3670:Cove
3625:Cape
3595:Ayre
3242:Deep
2885:Loam
2880:Peat
2870:Sand
2865:Silt
2860:Clay
2845:Soil
2547:Well
2294:ISBN
2272:2019
2225:PMID
2170:2023
2125:2022
2093:2022
2067:2019
1991:2015
1960:2009
1930:2017
1853:2019
1817:2023
1792:link
1778:2019
1760:ISBN
1739:2018
1709:2016
1670:2019
1640:2019
1624:ISSN
1596:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1542:Sand
1499:2021
1481:ISBN
1445:2019
1418:2017
1387:2014
1366:ISBN
1343:2020
1092:dust
1021:and
849:clay
807:and
687:Uses
669:grus
550:iron
538:lava
521:and
489:and
453:and
312:Silt
286:silt
216:Utah
171:and
163:and
147:and
100:silt
84:Sand
3802:Ria
3732:Gut
3722:Geo
3717:Gat
3605:Bay
3127:Cut
2436:and
2256:doi
2215:PMC
2205:doi
2030:doi
1895:doi
1136:In
855:Cob
717:by
663:or
576:or
469:in
322:ISO
129:.
4384::
3386:*
2360:-
2351:-
2328:.
2262:.
2252:11
2250:.
2246:.
2223:.
2213:.
2203:.
2191:.
2187:.
2161:.
2115:.
2109:.
2057:.
2053:.
2028:.
2016:.
2012:.
1981:.
1977:.
1946:.
1920:.
1916:.
1891:65
1889:.
1837:.
1808:.
1788:}}
1784:{{
1768:.
1725:.
1699:.
1695:.
1656:.
1630:.
1618:.
1586:.
1550:^
1489:.
1435:.
1408:.
1404:.
1374:.
1094:.
986::
929::
817::
564:.
525:.
505:,
501:,
438:.
335:–
332:16
318:.
296:'
273:16
246:,
242:,
214:,
75:,
71:,
3551:e
3544:t
3537:v
2990:)
2986:(
2449:)
2408:e
2401:t
2394:v
2302:.
2274:.
2258::
2231:.
2207::
2199::
2193:9
2172:.
2127:.
2095:.
2069:.
2038:.
2032::
2024::
2018:4
1993:.
1962:.
1932:.
1901:.
1897::
1855:.
1819:.
1794:)
1780:.
1741:.
1711:.
1672:.
1642:.
1604:.
1572:.
1501:.
1447:.
1420:.
1389:.
1345:.
994:.
974:.
831:.
811:.
789:.
757:.
740:)
734:(
729:)
725:(
711:.
529:-
424:2
401:2
392:2
388:1
382:2
378:1
372:4
368:1
362:4
358:1
352:8
348:1
342:8
338:1
328:1
325:(
269:1
123:2
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
