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was probably influenced by his mother-tongue which was Old Khmer, though his discipleship with an Indian master guarantees that his knowledge of the language was checked. Misinterpretations in his translations and confusion of similar sounding words have been noted in his works. He translated the
260:, an Indian Sanskrit-language text that describes the birth and reign of the third Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. He worked as an official translator for 16 years and established offices in five different locations, one of which was now as "The Funan Desk".
4127:
1617:
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1007:
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977:
224:
Pala was clean of body and of mind and was reluctant to engage in conversation. In the seclusion of his room he stayed and worked, taking a very simple fare.
188:
In
Chinese, he is known as Sengjia-Poluo (僧伽婆羅). Sanghapala's Khmer name can also rendered as two possible Sanskrit equivalents, Sanghabara or Sanghavarman.
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889:
820:
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4034:
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in the year 460 AD, in the modern day
Kingdom of Cambodia. He became a monk in his teens and traveled to China where he lived in
419:
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3404:
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to translate new works into
Chinese as early as 506. Among others, Sanghapala was ordered to write a new translation known as
140:
212:
dynasty during that time. He was discipled by Guṇavṛddhī, a certain Indian monk who had travelled to
Chinaduring the reign of
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3012:
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793:
A catalogue of the
Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka : the sacred canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan
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3027:
2710:
1002:
835:
761:"Etudes cambodgiennes. XXV, Deux inscriptions sanskrites du Fou-nan. XXVI, La date de Kôh Ker. XXVII, La date du Bàphûon"
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271:
2603:
2512:
2408:
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1982:
1627:
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1035:
745:
A Catalogue of the
Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka: The Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan
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1894:
1017:
1366:
3342:
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3145:
3017:
2000:
1580:
1341:
1316:
1640:
632:
562:
South W. Coblin, 1990. Notes on
Sanghabhara's Mahamayuri transcriptions, Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale
220:
had one for India. He acquired the knowledge of many languages including Pali, Sanskrit and classical
Chinese.
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2020:
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1022:
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1963:
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1356:
612:
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2462:
992:
2015:
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1975:
1877:
1746:
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1286:
1278:
1218:
967:
934:
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362:
There are nine works of
Sanghapala in the catalogue of the Chinese translations of the Buddhist
302:
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213:
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1948:
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1336:
982:
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351:
1208:
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529:
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1850:
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907:
716:
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537:
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472:
444:
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620:. Translated by Soma Thera & Kheminda Thera. Buddhist Publication Society. pp. XLII.
324:, and others, but most notoriously, his Chinese translation is a canonical reference for the
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The
Jiankang Empire in Chinese and World History: Ethnic Identity and Political Culture
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He is one of the only two Cambodian monks whose translations currently figure in the
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136:
100:
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2025:
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2005:
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662:. Vol. xii. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 198–201.
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2010:
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to two of his collaborators known as Fayun and Baochang. His rendition of
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343:
334:. According to the catalogue of the Chinese translations of the Buddhist
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154:
90:
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in 1883, all of the texts translated by Sanghamala are relative to the
307:
205:
43:
288:, which compares with the work that Sanghapala translated to Chinese,
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660:
The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna
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796:. Cornell University Library. Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 422.
574:""Pañcavārṣika" Assemblies in Liang Wudi's Buddhist Palace Chapel"
305:
suggests that Sanghapala dictated his Chinese translations of the
270:
197:
143:
61:
3312:
2105:
1771:
1268:
346:, which was practised in Cambodia until the end of the reign of
3497:
824:
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1506:
233:, number 2060, volume 50 of the Taisho edition of the Chinese
4010:
This Chinese religion-related biographical article is a
471:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
4072:
4015:
434:
as the Sanskrit rendering of the Chinese title gives it
713:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
534:
Chinese Buddhism and the Scholarship of Erik Zürcher
216:
who intended to propagate Buddhism to China as King
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1991:
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1099:
953:
898:
122:
117:
106:
96:
86:
68:
54:
49:
38:
23:
678:"Notes on Sanghabhara's Mahamayuri transcriptions"
267:Legacy: the Chinese translation of lost Pali texts
709:"Some Mis-Interpretations of Chinese Translators"
222:
4128:Northern and Southern dynasties Buddhist monks
765:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
503:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
4092:
4035:
3509:
836:
611:Arahant Upatossa; Rev. N. R.M. Ehara (1961).
8:
1618:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
263:Sanghapala died at the age of 65 in 524 AD.
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682:Cahiers de Linguistique - Asie Orientale
2805:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
637:. Oxford University Press. p. 91.
469:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
456:
3008:List of Buddhist architecture in China
350:, until it was replaced by a majority
242:He was then sponsored by the court of
366:established by Nanjō Bun'yū, namely,
231:Further Biographies of Famous Clerics
7:
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614:Vimuttimagga or the Path of Freedom
4071:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
4014:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2795:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
578:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
528:Tōru, Funayama (8 November 2022),
14:
4143:Chinese religious biography stubs
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3023:Thai temple art and architecture
2768:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1008:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
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4067:biography-related article is a
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467:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
141:Southern and Northern Dynasties
3705:Killing caves of Phnom Sampeau
3013:Japanese Buddhist architecture
2815:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
1895:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1086:Places where the Buddha stayed
1:
3028:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
676:Coblin, Weldon South (1990).
153:monk, Mandrasena, translated
2785:Buddhism and the Roman world
2761:Decline of Buddhism in India
2756:History of Buddhism in India
856: Topics in
16:Buddhist monk and translator
1983:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
1723:
536:, Brill, pp. 233–254,
407:Anantamukha-nirhāra-dhāraṇī
254:(T.2043) from the original
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2933:The unanswerable questions
373:Saptaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā
149:He, along with the fellow
135:(506–518 CE) was a famous
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3018:Buddhist temples in Korea
1581:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1484:Three planes of existence
1091:Buddha in world religions
870:
631:Chittick, Andrew (2020).
29:
4148:Buddhist biography stubs
4133:Cambodian Buddhist monks
3723:Statue of Jayavarman VII
2800:Persecution of Buddhists
2021:Four stages of awakening
1402:Three marks of existence
988:Physical characteristics
658:Strong, John S. (1983).
432:or Vimoksha-marga-sastra
387:Sarvabuddhavishayāvatāra
2163:Ten principal disciples
1046:(aunt, adoptive mother)
790:Nanjio, Bunyiu (1883).
777:10.3406/befeo.1931.4415
742:Nanjio, Bunyiu (1883).
515:10.3406/befeo.1903.1216
420:Bodhisattvapiṭaka Sūtra
252:Scripture of King Aśoka
196:Sanghapala was born in
157:scriptures such as the
3728:Bust of Jayavarman VII
2873:Buddhism and democracy
2386:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2381:Chinese Buddhist canon
1613:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1608:Early Buddhist schools
759:Cœdès, George (1931).
694:10.3406/clao.1990.1329
530:"Jizang's 吉藏 Sanskrit"
497:Pelliot, Paul (1903).
299:
240:
208:, the capital city of
2883:Eight Consciousnesses
993:Life of Buddha in art
818:at Wikimedia Commons
707:Bapat, P. V. (1968).
572:Chen, Jinhua (2006).
400:Mahamayuri Vidyaragni
278:with three copies of
274:
139:monk who traveled to
3631:Dhammayuttika Nikaya
3525:Buddhism in Cambodia
3360:East Asian religions
2790:Buddhism in the West
2361:Early Buddhist texts
1976:Four Right Exertions
1442:Ten spiritual realms
935:Noble Eightfold Path
413:Mañjuśrī pariprikkha
322:Vimoksa-Marga-sastra
303:Edwin G. Pulleyblank
297:The Path of Freedom.
3985:Cambodia portal
3972:Religion portal
3483:Religion portal
3230:Temple of the Tooth
3109:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2148:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
1641:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1424:Two truths doctrine
1244:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1044:Mahapajapati Gotamī
214:Emperor Wu of Liang
3924:Buddhist socialism
3877:Buddhist Institute
3405:Western philosophy
3003:Dzong architecture
2825:Vipassana movement
2820:Buddhist modernism
2248:Emperor Wen of Sui
2016:Pratyekabuddhayāna
1949:Threefold Training
1751:Vipassana movement
1467:Hungry Ghost realm
1287:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1234:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
983:Great Renunciation
978:Eight Great Events
860:
748:. Clarendon Press.
352:Theravada Buddhism
300:
286:The Path to Purity
4138:People from Funan
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3129:Om mani padme hum
2835:Women in Buddhism
2751:Buddhist councils
2621:Western countries
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2170:Shaolin Monastery
1747:Samatha-vipassanā
1357:Pratītyasamutpāda
1161:Metteyya/Maitreya
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908:Four Noble Truths
814:Media related to
644:978-0-19-093754-6
543:978-90-04-52215-2
478:978-0-8248-0368-1
445:List of Buddhists
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3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Jayavarman VII
3750:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3040:Greco-Buddhist
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:Burmese pagoda
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2773:Greco-Buddhism
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:United Kingdom
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Czech Republic
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2530:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2415:Abhidharmadīpa
2412:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:B. R. Ambedkar
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Songtsen Gampo
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:Eight precepts
1929:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1703:Five Strengths
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1342:Mental factors
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:Mahamoggallāna
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:Avalokiteśvara
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
931:
930:
925:
920:
910:
904:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
887:
882:
871:
868:
867:
850:
848:
847:
840:
833:
825:
806:
805:External links
803:
800:
799:
782:
751:
734:
715:. 48/49: 363.
699:
665:
650:
643:
623:
603:
564:
555:
542:
520:
484:
477:
465:Coedès, George
455:
454:
452:
449:
448:
447:
440:
437:
436:
435:
423:
415:
409:
403:
395:
389:
383:
377:
359:
356:
348:Jayavarman VII
268:
265:
226:
193:
190:
185:
184:Identification
182:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
118:Senior posting
115:
114:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
40:
36:
35:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4160:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3987:
3986:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Sam Bunthoeun
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Silver Pagoda
3614:
3612:
3611:Ridi Viharaya
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Wat Moha Leap
3594:
3592:
3591:Wat Svay Pope
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3245:Miscellaneous
3242:
3236:
3235:Vegetarianism
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Buddha in art
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:United States
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Padmasambhava
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2180:Major figures
2177:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:Western tulku
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Five precepts
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Dhamma vicaya
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
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1673:Buddhābhiṣeka
1671:
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1320:
1318:
1317:Enlightenment
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:Dhamma theory
1305:
1303:
1302:Buddha-nature
1300:
1298:
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1141:Samantabhadra
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827:
826:
823:
819:
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812:
804:
795:
794:
786:
783:
778:
774:
770:
767:(in French).
766:
762:
755:
752:
747:
746:
738:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
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695:
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672:
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646:
640:
636:
635:
627:
624:
616:
615:
607:
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599:
595:
591:
587:
584:(1): 43–103.
583:
579:
575:
568:
565:
559:
556:
545:
539:
535:
531:
524:
521:
516:
512:
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401:
396:
394:
393:Ashtabuddhaka
390:
388:
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378:
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374:
369:
368:
367:
365:
357:
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349:
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328:
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314:
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294:
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287:
283:
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281:Visuddhimagga
277:
273:
266:
264:
261:
259:
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253:
249:
245:
236:
232:
229:Zokukosoden,
225:
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67:
63:
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
37:
30:ភិក្ខុសង្ឃបាល
22:
19:
4073:expanding it
4062:
4016:expanding it
4009:
3994:
3976:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3747:
3700:Phnom Sorsia
3693:Cave temples
3662:Architecture
3423:Bodhisattvas
3343:Christianity
3338:Baháʼí Faith
3203:Dharmachakra
3193:Prayer wheel
3183:Prayer beads
2951:Architecture
2830:969 Movement
2614:Saudi Arabia
2592:Central Asia
2585:South Africa
2407:
2390:
2323:Panchen Lama
2228:Buddhapālita
1824:Satipatthana
1819:Mindful Yoga
1732:Recollection
1646:Brahmavihara
1517:Japanese Zen
1512:Chinese Chan
1472:Animal realm
1279:Key concepts
1101:Bodhisattvas
913:Three Jewels
808:
792:
785:
768:
764:
754:
744:
737:
712:
702:
685:
681:
659:
653:
633:
626:
613:
606:
581:
577:
567:
558:
547:, retrieved
533:
523:
506:
502:
499:"Le Fou-nan"
468:
459:
431:
428:Vimuttimagga
426:
418:
412:
406:
398:
392:
386:
381:Dasadharmaka
380:
372:
363:
361:
358:Bibliography
340:Nanjō Bun'yū
335:
331:
327:Vimuttimagga
325:
321:
317:
306:
301:
296:
291:Vimuttimagga
289:
285:
279:
262:
257:Ashokavadana
255:
251:
248:Ayuwang jing
247:
241:
234:
230:
223:
195:
187:
175:
173:
164:
160:Vimuttimagga
158:
148:
132:
131:
72:524 (age 65)
18:
3841:Kou Sopheap
3581:Wat Saravan
3566:Wat Ounalom
3558:Maha Nikaya
3268:Dharma talk
3097:Asalha Puja
2893:Eschatology
2696:Switzerland
2676:New Zealand
2604:Middle East
2513:Philippines
2433:Afghanistan
2238:Bodhidharma
2223:Buddhaghosa
2143:Householder
2053:Monasticism
2006:Bodhisattva
1861:Prostration
1814:Mindfulness
1742:Anapanasati
1725:Kammaṭṭhāna
1522:Korean Seon
1462:Asura realm
1457:Human realm
1397:Ten Fetters
1352:Parinirvana
1254:Uppalavanna
1219:Mahākaccana
1204:Mahākassapa
1136:Kṣitigarbha
1131:Ākāśagarbha
1028:Suddhodāna
973:Four sights
900:Foundations
276:Buddhaghosa
210:Southern Qi
204:, nowadays
97:Nationality
4123:518 deaths
4118:506 births
4112:Categories
3816:Khieu Chum
3789:Maha Nikay
3748:Sanghapala
3621:Wat Bakong
3601:Wat Damnak
3571:Wat Langka
3385:Psychology
3365:Gnosticism
3353:Comparison
3348:Influences
3330:Comparison
3213:Bhavacakra
3171:Kushinagar
3146:Pilgrimage
3092:Māgha Pūjā
3047:Bodhi Tree
2863:Buddhology
2853:Abhidharma
2845:Philosophy
2778:Menander I
2646:Costa Rica
2597:Uzbekistan
2438:Bangladesh
2392:Dhammapada
2376:Pali Canon
2338:Ajahn Chah
2318:Dalai Lama
2218:Kumārajīva
2213:Vasubandhu
2188:The Buddha
2096:Zen master
2031:Sakadagami
2011:Buddhahood
1942:Pratimokṣa
1757:Shikantaza
1713:Meditation
1688:Deity yoga
1559:Madhyamaka
1452:Deva realm
1347:Mindstream
1297:Bodhicitta
1209:Aṅgulimāla
1076:Devadatta
1052:Yaśodharā
955:The Buddha
945:Middle Way
816:Sanghapāla
688:(2): 197.
509:(1): 284.
451:References
133:Sanghapāla
126:Guṇavṛddhī
80:Eastern Wu
25:Sanghapala
3903:Pchum Ben
3870:Education
3850:Thomayyut
3821:Pang Khat
3806:Chuon Nat
3796:Nil Teang
3768:Krom Ngoy
3758:Ang Duong
3715:Sculpture
3684:Wat Phnom
3639:Wat Botum
3606:Wat Bakan
3453:Festivals
3433:Buddhists
3395:Theosophy
3198:Symbolism
3188:Hama yumi
3161:Bodh Gaya
2928:Socialism
2903:Evolution
2878:Economics
2716:Venezuela
2631:Australia
2626:Argentina
2550:Sri Lanka
2545:Singapore
2463:Indonesia
2425:Countries
2366:Tripiṭaka
2328:Ajahn Mun
2203:Nagarjuna
2198:Aśvaghoṣa
2081:Anagārika
2076:Śrāmaṇerī
2071:Śrāmaṇera
2066:Bhikkhunī
2026:Sotāpanna
1915:Passaddhi
1856:Offerings
1831:Nekkhamma
1708:Iddhipada
1628:Practices
1598:Theravada
1571:Vajrayana
1564:Yogachara
1534:Pure Land
1447:Six Paths
1434:Cosmology
1214:Anuruddha
1189:Sāriputta
1179:Kaundinya
1171:Disciples
1146:Vajrapāṇi
998:Footprint
963:Tathāgata
721:0378-1143
590:0073-0548
364:Tripitaka
336:Tripitaka
250:, or the
235:Tripitaka
192:Biography
177:Tripitaka
111:Theravada
101:Cambodian
4065:Buddhist
3945:Glossary
3938:Category
3912:Politics
3826:Tep Vong
3811:Huot Tat
3801:Louis Em
3540:Mahayana
3471:Category
3400:Violence
3370:Hinduism
3318:Sanskrit
3273:Hinayana
3258:Amitābha
3218:Swastika
3087:Uposatha
3077:Holidays
3062:Calendar
2908:Humanism
2746:Kanishka
2736:Timeline
2560:Thailand
2528:Kalmykia
2523:Buryatia
2508:Pakistan
2493:Mongolia
2488:Maldives
2483:Malaysia
2448:Cambodia
2313:Shamarpa
2308:Nichiren
2258:Xuanzang
2193:Nagasena
2111:Rinpoche
1841:Pāramitā
1683:Devotion
1603:Navayana
1591:Dzogchen
1554:Nichiren
1502:Mahayana
1494:Branches
1372:Saṅkhāra
1121:Mañjuśrī
1078:(cousin)
1070:(cousin)
1038:(mother)
1030:(father)
1018:Miracles
968:Birthday
885:Glossary
858:Buddhism
771:(1): 9.
729:41694259
598:25066800
439:See also
425:N. 1293
417:N. 1103
376:(S. M.).
344:Mahayana
313:Sanskrit
244:Jiankang
227:—
202:Jiankang
155:Buddhist
91:Buddhism
87:Religion
76:Jiankang
50:Personal
3952:Outline
3893:Donchee
3886:Culture
3857:Bou Kry
3831:Oum Sum
3763:Son Kuy
3532:Temples
3448:Temples
3428:Buddhas
3390:Science
3380:Judaism
3375:Jainism
3293:Lineage
3253:Abhijñā
3223:Thangka
3166:Sarnath
3151:Lumbini
3072:Funeral
3067:Cuisine
2943:Culture
2918:Reality
2868:Creator
2858:Atomism
2728:History
2701:Ukraine
2661:Germany
2580:Senegal
2570:Vietnam
2498:Myanmar
2298:Shinran
2288:Karmapa
2263:Shandao
2233:Dignāga
2158:Śrāvaka
2138:Donchee
2133:Kappiya
2091:Sayadaw
2061:Bhikkhu
2036:Anāgāmi
1993:Nirvana
1959:Samadhi
1846:Paritta
1787:Tonglen
1782:Mandala
1737:Smarana
1718:Mantras
1666:Upekkha
1636:Bhavana
1586:Shingon
1539:Tiantai
1392:Tathātā
1382:Śūnyatā
1377:Skandha
1367:Saṃsāra
1362:Rebirth
1337:Kleshas
1327:Indriya
1229:Subhūti
1114:Guanyin
1068:Ānanda
1060:Rāhula
940:Nirvana
880:Outline
411:N. 442
405:N. 353
397:N. 308
391:N. 301
370:No. 22
308:dharani
284:, i.e.
206:Nanking
169:Chinese
123:Teacher
113: ?
3443:Sutras
3438:Suttas
3303:Siddhi
3288:Koliya
3263:Brahmā
3178:Poetry
3124:Mantra
3114:Kasaya
2986:Pagoda
2966:Kyaung
2961:Vihāra
2956:Temple
2898:Ethics
2741:Ashoka
2691:Sweden
2686:Poland
2681:Norway
2671:Mexico
2656:France
2641:Canada
2636:Brazil
2575:Africa
2555:Taiwan
2518:Russia
2443:Bhutan
2403:Vinaya
2283:Naropa
2273:Saraha
2208:Asanga
1964:Prajñā
1873:Refuge
1836:Nianfo
1797:Tertön
1792:Tantra
1777:Ganana
1767:Tukdam
1693:Dhyāna
1661:Mudita
1656:Karuṇā
1549:Risshū
1544:Huayan
1477:Naraka
1417:Anattā
1412:Dukkha
1407:Anicca
1312:Dharma
1264:Channa
1199:Ānanda
1184:Assaji
1151:Skanda
1054:(wife)
1023:Family
1003:Relics
928:Sangha
923:Dharma
918:Buddha
727:
719:
641:
596:
588:
549:26 May
540:
475:
385:N. 56
379:N. 29
218:Ashoka
107:School
44:Phikho
42:Preah
4063:This
3959:Index
3898:Achar
3671:Chedi
3548:Bayon
3415:Lists
3283:Kalpa
3278:Iddhi
3141:Music
3136:Mudra
3102:Vassa
3082:Vesak
3052:Budai
2998:Candi
2981:Stupa
2913:Logic
2666:Italy
2565:Tibet
2503:Nepal
2473:Korea
2468:Japan
2458:India
2453:China
2398:Sutra
2353:Texts
2303:Dōgen
2293:Hōnen
2278:Atiśa
2243:Zhiyi
2153:Achar
2121:Tulku
2116:Geshe
2101:Rōshi
2086:Ajahn
2041:Arhat
2001:Bodhi
1971:Vīrya
1888:Sacca
1883:Satya
1878:Sādhu
1866:Music
1809:Merit
1802:Terma
1762:Zazen
1698:Faith
1651:Mettā
1332:Karma
1292:Bardo
1259:Asita
1249:Khema
1239:Upāli
1224:Nanda
1062:(son)
1036:Māyā
1013:Films
890:Index
725:JSTOR
618:(PDF)
594:JSTOR
295:i.e.
198:Funan
167:into
151:Funan
144:China
137:Khmer
62:Funan
39:Title
4069:stub
4012:stub
3313:Pāḷi
3298:Māra
3208:Flag
2609:Iran
2533:Tuva
2478:Laos
2106:Lama
1954:Śīla
1922:Śīla
1910:Pīti
1900:Sati
1851:Puja
1772:Koan
1678:Dāna
1269:Yasa
1156:Tārā
717:ISSN
639:ISBN
586:ISSN
551:2023
538:ISBN
473:ISBN
69:Died
55:Born
3035:Art
2971:Wat
1507:Zen
773:doi
690:doi
511:doi
330:or
163:or
58:460
4114::
2537:ru
769:31
763:.
723:.
711:.
686:19
684:.
680:.
668:^
592:.
582:66
580:.
576:.
532:,
505:.
501:.
487:^
320:,
171:.
146:.
78:,
4100:e
4093:t
4086:v
4075:.
4043:e
4036:t
4029:v
4018:.
3517:e
3510:t
3503:v
2539:)
2535:(
1753:)
1749:(
844:e
837:t
830:v
779:.
775::
731:.
696:.
692::
647:.
600:.
517:.
513::
507:3
481:.
293:,
237:.
179:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
