528:
645:
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630:(CSOs) and nearly eliminated them in the Calumet Area River System. Since the tunnels became operational in 2006, CSOs have been reduced from an average of 100 days per year to 50. Since Thornton Reservoir came online in 2015, CSOs have been nearly eliminated. TARP captures and stores combined stormwater and sewage that would otherwise overflow from sewers into waterways in rainy weather. This stored water is pumped from TARP to water reclamation plants to be cleaned before being released to waterways.
403:
591:
279:(I&M), which had originally connected Lake Michigan with the Mississippi starting in 1848. As part of the construction of the new canal, the entire route was built to allow much larger ships to navigate it. It is 202 feet (62 m) wide and 24 feet (7.3 m) deep, over three times the size of the I&M. The I&M became a secondary route with the new canal's opening and was shut down entirely with the creation of the
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382:(built 1848) as a conduit to the Mississippi River system. In 1871, the old canal had been deepened in an attempt to reverse the river and improve shipping but the reversal of the river only lasted one season. The I&M canal was also badly polluted as a result of unrestricted dumping from city sewers and industries, such as the
899:
271:
supply was (and remains) located offshore, and there were fears that the sewage could reach the intake and cause serious disease outbreaks. Since the sewer systems were already flowing into the river, the decision was made to reverse the flow of the river, thereby sending all the sewage inland where
442:
was cut across that divide in the 1840s. In an attempt to better drain sewage and pollution in the
Chicago River, the flow of the river had already been reversed in 1871 when the Illinois and Michigan Canal was deepened enough to reverse the river's flow for one season. A plan soon emerged to again
471:
and Joliet. On June 1, 1893, quarrymen went out to protest a wage cut, an action that also drew in 1200 canal workers. Reports describe 400 quarrymen marching along the length of the canal project on June 2, between Lemont and Romeo, conducting a "reign of terror" at worksites, "armed with clubs
740:
and other cargo, totaling more than $ 1.5 billion a year, and contribute to the loss of hundreds, perhaps thousands of jobs. However, Michigan along with several other Great Lakes states argue that the sport and commercial fishery and tourism associated with the fishery of the entire Great Lakes
572:
in 1929. In 1930, management of the canal was turned over to the United States Army Corps of
Engineers. The Corps of Engineers reduced the flow of water from Lake Michigan into the canal, but kept it open for navigation purposes. These decisions prompted the sanitary district to accelerate their
455:
created the
Sanitary District of Chicago (SDC) to carry out the plan. After four years of turmoil during construction, Isham Randolph was appointed Chief Engineer for the newly formed Sanitary District of Chicago and resolved many issues circulating around the project. While the canal was being
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327:
556:, from which the water was diverted. Litigation ensued from 1907, which eventually saw states downstream of the canal siding with the sanitary district and those states upstream of Lake Michigan with Canada siding against the district. The litigation was eventually decided by the
483:, and in advance of an application by the Missouri Attorney General for an injunction against the opening, opened on January 2, 1900. However, it was not until January 17 that the complete flow of the water was released. Further construction from 1903 to 1907 extended the canal to
2301:
552:; over the years however, this limit was not honored or well regulated. While the increased flow more rapidly flushed the untreated sewage, it also was seen as a hazard to navigation, a concern to USACE in relation to the level of the Great Lakes and the
370:
are untrue), spurring a panic that a future similar storm would cause a huge epidemic in
Chicago. The only reason for the storm not causing such a catastrophic event was that the weather was cooler than normal. The Sanitary District of Chicago (now
626:(MWRD) water reclamation plants reach capacity during heavy rain, the local sewer continues to drain, or “overflow,” to a waterway, thus causing concern for pollution. However, the MWRD’s Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) has worked to decrease the
621:
Most local sewers in the
Chicago area were built over 100 years ago before wastewater treatment existed. They were designed to drain sanitary flow and a limited amount of stormwater directly into the river. If intercepting sewers and the
539:
The
Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal is designed to work by taking water from Lake Michigan and discharging it into the Mississippi River watershed. At the time of construction, a specific amount of water diversion was authorized by the
514:
Construction of the Ship and
Sanitary Canal was the largest earth-moving operation that had been undertaken in North America up to that time. It was also notable for training a generation of engineers, many of whom later worked on the
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does the same for the
Calumet River a short distance to the south, joining the Chicago canal about halfway along its route to the Des Plaines. The two provide the only navigation for ships between the
476:. Dozens were wounded and at least five killed: strikers Gregor Kilka, Jacob (or Ignatz) Ast, Thomas Moorski, Mike Berger, and 17-year-old bystander John Kluga. The strike was settled by the 15th.
472:
and revolvers", "almost crazed with liquor". On the 9th strikers clashed with replacement workers and local law enforcement, and
Governor Altgeld called out the First and Second Regiments of the
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623:
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792:
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330:
The flow of water before and after the construction of the
Sanitary and Ship Canal. Note that the before image here does not include the layout of the transcontinental divide
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filed a counter-suit with the Supreme Court requesting that it reject Michigan's claims. Siding with the State of Illinois, both the Illinois Chamber of Commerce and the
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1482:
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1053:
677:
487:, as the SDC wanted to replace the previously built Illinois and Michigan Canal with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The rate of flow is controlled by the
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1090:
2006:
194:
147:
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1656:
691:, in an effort to kill Asian carp north of Lockport. Although no Asian carp were found in the two months of commercial and electrofishing, the massive
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1872:
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668:, also known as the flying carp, displace native species of fish by filter feeding and removing the bottom of the food chain. It migrated through the
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1802:
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have filed affidavits, arguing that closing the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal would upset the movement of millions of tons of vital shipments of
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scheme. Prior to its opening in 1900, sewage from the city of Chicago was dumped into the Chicago River and flowed into Lake Michigan. The city's
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treatment of raw sewage. Today, diversions from the Great Lakes system are regulated by an international treaty with Canada, through the
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998:
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On January 19, 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the request for a preliminary injunction closing the canal. In August 2011, the
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557:
367:
1971:
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562:
1568:
Evaluation of the Potential for Hysteresis in Index-Velocity Ratings for the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal Near Lemont, Illinois
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The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago: Our Second Century of Meeting Challenges and Achieving Success
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366:. During a tremendous storm in 1885, the rainfall washed refuse from the river far out into the lake (although reports of an
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cut through the ridge and reverse the flow permanently carrying wastewater away from the lake, through the Des Plaines and
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1504:"Important Invasive Species/Asian Carp Opinion issued in Typescript this afternoon by 7th Circuit (Link to Court opinion)"
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had been found above the electric barrier constructed in the canal in an attempt to prevent carp from migrating into the
519:. In 1989, the Sanitary District of Chicago was renamed the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.
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drainage system. This low divide had been known since pre-Columbian time by the Native Americans, who used it as the
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located two miles (3.2 km) offshore. There were fears that sewage could infiltrate the water supply, leading to
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2011:
1996:
1887:
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713:. The state of Illinois and the Corps of Engineers, which constructed the Canal, are co-defendants in the lawsuit.
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The new Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, linking the south branch of the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River at
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244:. It reverses the direction of the Main Stem and the South Branch of the Chicago River, which now flows out of
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The building of the Chicago canal served as intensive and practical training for engineers who later built the
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1877:
1857:
1847:
1732:
648:
Infographic explaining the electric barrier system designed to prevent Asian Carp from reaching Lake Michigan
334:(built 1848) which existed at the time (1900) but did not generally affect the directional flow of the waters
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1991:
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region is estimated at $ 7 billion a year, and impacts the economies of all Great Lakes states and Canada.
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1114:"The Chicago Canal Opened; Fear of an Injunction Hastens the Consummation of the Big Drainage Ditch"
1544:, including a 26 stanza poem written by Isham Randolph to Admiral Dewey on the opening of the canal
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680:(EPA) in the 1970s to help remove algae from catfish farms in Arkansas. They escaped the farms.
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One of the issues for Randolph to resolve was a strike of about 2000 union workers, centered in
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seeking the immediate closure of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal to keep Asian carp out of
350:, which itself flowed into the lake. The city's water supply also comes from the lake, through
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957:
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Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Cook County, Illinois
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2016:
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In addition, the canal was built to supplement and ultimately replace the older and smaller
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676:, through the man-made canal. Carp were introduced to the U.S. with the blessing of the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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On December 2, 2009, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal closed, as the EPA and the
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375:) was created by the Illinois legislature in 1889 in response to this close call.
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Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
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noted that a ridge about 12 miles (19 km) from the lakeshore divided the
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1538:. (However this credits Rudolph Hering, not Isham Randolph with the project.)
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History and Heritage of Civil Engineering – Reversal of the Chicago River
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By 1887, it was decided to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through
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1284:
850:"Did 90,000 people die of typhoid fever and cholera in Chicago in 1885?"
1980:
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359:
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Another goal of the construction was to replace the shallow and narrow
39:
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Canal system connecting the Chicago and Des Plaines rivers in Illinois
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1385:
339:
1414:"Fight to keep Asian carp out of Great Lakes reaches Supreme Court"
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Transportation buildings and structures in DuPage County, Illinois
1446:"Illinois fights back as states seek carp-blocking canal closures"
1309:
Sanitary District of Chicago v. United States:Opinion of the Court
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401:
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325:
313:
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Transportation buildings and structures in Will County, Illinois
1321:"U.S. Supreme Court. Wisconsin v. Illinois, 281 U.S. 696 (1930)"
733:
236:, is a 28-mile-long (45 km) canal system that connects the
1953:
1579:
958:"A Brief Reign of Terror Striking Quarrymen Resort to Violence"
877:
875:
2297:
Canals on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1285:"Sanitary District of Chicago v. United States, 266 U. S. 405"
931:
584:
503:. Two more canals were later built to add to the system: the
1021:"Altgeld Inquiries: What is the Matter on the Drainage Canal"
272:
it could be diluted before emptying it into the Des Plaines.
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Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
1949:
624:
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
292:
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
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Graph of Lakes Michigan and Huron water levels since 1860
716:
In response to the Michigan lawsuit, on January 5, 2010,
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The Chicago Drainage Canal and St. Lawrence Development
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Lock and dam of the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal at
795:. American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from
322:, which the Sanitary and Ship Canal largely replaced
1906:
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132:
127:
119:
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93:
88:
80:
72:
64:
59:
32:
2327:Transportation buildings and structures in Chicago
1346:
1112:
1052:
464:further deepened the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
398:Construction of the Chicago Drainage Canal, 1900s
2352:Historic American Engineering Record in Illinois
2287:Water supply and sanitation in the United States
1924:Illinois Institute of Technology Academic Campus
1381:"One Asian carp found in canal after fish kill"
888:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 427.
577:, and by governors of the Great Lakes states.
1965:
1591:
563:Sanitary District of Chicago v. United States
8:
1914:Central Manufacturing District–Original East
296:Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium
373:The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District
1972:
1958:
1950:
1598:
1584:
1576:
1535:A History from the Chicago Public Library
748:also rejected the preliminary injunction.
29:
1753:Chatham-Greater Grand Crossing Commercial
1146:Smith, Alfred Emanuel (January 6, 1900).
447:rivers, to the Mississippi River and the
406:Chicago Drainage Canal being built (1899)
1348:"Asian Carp could Hurt Boating, Fishing"
685:Illinois Department of Natural Resources
672:system, and could make its way into the
784:
523:Diversion of water from the Great Lakes
1208:
1206:
656:announced a single sample of DNA from
2347:United States Army Corps of Engineers
1648:National Register of Historic Places,
1485:from the original on 11 November 2012
1426:from the original on 25 December 2009
1361:from the original on 20 February 2015
1271:American Journal of International Law
1033:from the original on 21 February 2018
687:(IDNR) began applying a fish poison,
542:United States Army Corps of Engineers
302:(ASCE). The Canal was listed on the
7:
2357:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
1907:National Register of Historic Places
1621:National Register of Historic Places
1548:Historic American Engineering Record
1394:from the original on 7 December 2009
1345:Belkin, Douglas (20 November 2009).
390:Planning and construction, 1887–1922
304:National Register of Historic Places
1246:American Society of Civil Engineers
902:from the original on 9 January 2020
860:from the original on 6 October 2008
318:The location and course of the old
300:American Society of Civil Engineers
1542:An album of photographs of the dig
1514:from the original on 25 April 2012
1471:Barnes, Robert (20 January 2010).
1178:Baker, M. N. (February 10, 1900).
1127:from the original on June 21, 2018
758:Chicago 1885 cholera epidemic myth
294:. In 1999, the system was named a
25:
938:from the original on 5 March 2018
848:Adams, Cecil (12 November 2004).
829:from the original on 20 June 2012
456:built, permanent reversal of the
342:systems discharged directly into
263:The canal was in part built as a
248:rather than into it. The related
2219:
2218:
2208:
1873:Seven Houses on Lake Shore Drive
1444:Merrion, Paul (4 January 2010).
1379:Garcia, John (3 December 2009).
1093:from the original on 4 June 2016
589:
38:
1571:United States Geological Survey
1552:Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal
1412:Hood, Joel (22 December 2009).
1327:from the original on 2007-03-13
1291:from the original on 2008-05-16
1216:Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal
1123:. January 18, 1900. p. 8.
1001:from the original on 6 May 2016
968:from the original on 6 May 2016
678:Environmental Protection Agency
495:and at the O'Brien Lock in the
460:was attained in 1892, when the
290:. The canal is operated by the
230:Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal
33:Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal
1213:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
922:"Chicago: City of the Century"
746:United States Court of Appeals
575:International Joint Commission
548:, under provisions of various
1:
2312:Historic districts in Chicago
1657:Black Metropolis–Bronzeville
1473:"More Supreme Court actions"
1274:, Vol. 23, No. 2, Apr., 1929
1180:"The Chicago Drainage Canal"
1148:"The Chicago Drainage Canal"
964:. Los Angeles. 3 June 1893.
726:American Waterways Operators
544:(USACE) and approved by the
232:, historically known as the
1793:Walter Burley Griffin Place
1029:. 12 June 1893. p. 4.
793:"Chicago Wastewater System"
640:Asian carp in North America
509:Calumet-Saganashkee Channel
440:Illinois and Michigan Canal
380:Illinois and Michigan Canal
332:Illinois and Michigan Canal
320:Illinois and Michigan Canal
277:Illinois and Michigan Canal
250:Calumet-Saganashkee Channel
2378:
1843:Milwaukee-Diversey-Kimball
1708:Arlington and Roslyn Place
1696:Chicago Landmark districts
1650:Chicago Landmark districts
1626:Chicago Landmark districts
1616:National Historic Landmark
882:Miller, Donald L. (1997).
652:On November 20, 2009, the
637:
184:South Branch Chicago River
2204:
2007:Colleges and universities
1987:
1550:(HAER) No. IL-197, "
825:. National Park Service.
823:List for January 13, 2012
768:Tunnel and Reservoir Plan
705:filed a lawsuit with the
700:Michigan Attorney General
695:did yield a single carp.
598:This section needs to be
453:Illinois General Assembly
422:drainage system from the
52:
37:
1451:Crain's Chicago Business
991:"Strikers Come to Grief"
634:Asian carp and the canal
628:combined sewage overflow
533:Willow Springs, Illinois
310:Reasons for construction
54:CSSC highlighted in blue
1728:Beverly/Morgan Railroad
1667:Old Chicago Water Tower
1662:Logan Square Boulevards
1354:The Wall Street Journal
720:State Attorney General
581:Pollution of the canals
550:Rivers and Harbors Acts
499:, and also by pumps at
474:Illinois National Guard
462:Army Corps of Engineers
107:; 124 years ago
18:Sanitary and Ship Canal
1808:Jackson Park Highlands
698:On December 21, 2009,
649:
566:in 1925, and again in
536:
407:
399:
335:
323:
306:on December 20, 2011.
234:Chicago Drainage Canal
97:Chicago Drainage Canal
2292:Canals opened in 1900
2253:41.70500°N 87.93389°W
1893:Washington Park Court
1763:East Lake Shore Drive
1743:Calumet/Giles Prairie
1026:The Rock Island Argus
647:
569:Wisconsin v. Illinois
530:
405:
397:
368:1885 cholera epidemic
329:
317:
68:28 miles (45 km)
1773:Five Houses on Avers
1081:"Lemont Strike Ends"
438:basin drainage. The
254:Great Lakes Waterway
2322:Interbasin transfer
2258:41.70500; -87.93389
2249: /
1828:McCormick Row House
1788:Greenwood Row House
1682:Schoenhofen Brewery
1478:The Washington Post
1059:Iowa State Reporter
930:. 13 January 2003.
927:American Experience
885:City of the Century
505:North Shore Channel
489:Lockport Powerhouse
210:41.8416°N 87.6757°W
206: /
163:41.5552°N 88.0778°W
159: /
2342:Lockport, Illinois
2317:Illinois waterways
2277:Canals in Illinois
1833:Michigan Boulevard
1748:Cermak Road Bridge
1703:Alta Vista Terrace
1634:Printing House Row
1264:2016-08-18 at the
1257:J. Q. Dealey Jr.,
1240:2012-03-24 at the
1221:2011-11-20 at the
1120:The New York Times
799:on 15 January 2012
654:Corps of Engineers
650:
554:St. Lawrence River
537:
491:, sluice gates at
430:to cross from the
408:
400:
352:water intake cribs
336:
324:
2232:
2231:
2115:Metropolitan area
1947:
1946:
1919:Hyde Park–Kenwood
1888:Ukrainian Village
1803:Jackson Boulevard
1778:Fremont Row House
1738:Burling Row House
1672:Old Town Triangle
1419:Los Angeles Times
1233:Joseph T. Zurad,
854:The Straight Dope
670:Mississippi River
619:
618:
507:in 1910, and the
436:Des Plaines River
420:Mississippi River
412:civil engineering
384:Union Stock Yards
283:network in 1933.
281:Illinois Waterway
258:Mississippi River
242:Des Plaines River
226:
225:
215:41.8416; -87.6757
188:Chicago, Illinois
168:41.5552; -88.0778
137:Des Plaines River
16:(Redirected from
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1713:Arlington-Deming
1607:Chicago Landmark
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1508:Indiana Law Blog
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1089:. 15 June 1893.
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1054:"Much Bloodshed"
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997:. 10 June 1893.
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546:Secretary of War
451:. In 1889, the
434:drainage to the
265:sewage treatment
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141:Joliet, Illinois
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2012:Community areas
1983:
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2034:Demographics
1992:Architecture
1813:Jewelers Row
1768:East Village
1758:Dover Street
1723:Astor Street
1516:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1476:
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1455:. Retrieved
1449:
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1194:. Retrieved
1192:(6): 355–360
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925:
916:
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884:
862:. Retrieved
853:
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831:. Retrieved
822:
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801:. Retrieved
797:the original
787:
743:
722:Lisa Madigan
715:
697:
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567:
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517:Panama Canal
513:
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414:. Engineer
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346:or into the
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288:Panama Canal
285:
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94:Former names
2282:Ship canals
2256: /
2196:Visual arts
2176:Skyscrapers
2051:Expressways
1929:Loop Retail
1898:Wicker Park
1518:21 November
1185:The Outlook
1153:The Outlook
833:26 February
674:Great Lakes
666:silver carp
662:Great Lakes
424:Great Lakes
213: /
166: /
133:Start point
2271:Categories
2244:87°56′02″W
2241:41°42′18″N
2108:Newspapers
2098:Literature
2066:Government
1489:2010-01-20
1457:2010-01-07
1430:2010-01-07
1398:2010-01-07
1365:2009-11-21
1331:2011-07-01
1295:2011-07-01
1196:2018-06-18
1164:2009-07-30
995:The Herald
962:The Herald
780:References
658:Asian carp
201:87°40′33″W
198:41°50′30″N
154:88°04′40″W
151:41°33′19″N
2152:musicians
2093:Landmarks
2061:Geography
2044:companies
1939:Motor Row
1838:Mid-North
1609:districts
693:fish kill
610:June 2015
511:in 1922.
364:dysentery
180:End point
139:north of
128:Geography
2224:Category
2086:timeline
2081:politics
1512:Archived
1483:Archived
1424:Archived
1392:Archived
1359:Archived
1325:Archived
1289:Archived
1262:Archived
1238:Archived
1219:Archived
1131:June 21,
1125:Archived
1097:23 April
1091:Archived
1065:23 April
1037:23 April
1031:Archived
1005:23 April
999:Archived
972:23 April
966:Archived
936:Archived
900:Archived
864:June 20,
858:Archived
827:Archived
752:See also
730:iron ore
718:Illinois
703:Mike Cox
689:rotenone
481:Lockport
445:Illinois
260:system.
256:and the
46:Lockport
2186:Tourism
2157:theater
2120:Museums
2076:History
2039:Economy
2029:Culture
2002:Climate
1997:Beaches
1981:Chicago
1863:Oakland
1818:Kenwood
1639:Pullman
942:20 June
906:21 June
803:20 June
600:updated
360:cholera
298:by the
240:to the
110: (
89:History
2214:Portal
2181:Sports
2142:People
2071:Harbor
1386:WLS-TV
1248:, 1996
1160:(1): 9
892:
770:(TARP)
664:. The
535:, 1904
485:Joliet
469:Lemont
362:, and
340:sewage
81:Status
65:Length
2147:music
2130:Parks
2103:Media
2022:gangs
2017:Crime
1687:Villa
738:grain
73:Locks
2169:list
2135:list
2056:Flag
1520:2011
1388:News
1133:2018
1099:2016
1067:2016
1039:2016
1007:2016
974:2016
944:2018
908:2018
890:ISBN
866:2018
835:2012
805:2018
734:coal
228:The
123:1907
84:Open
932:PBS
560:in
186:in
2273::
1510:.
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1205:^
1190:64
1188:.
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982:^
960:.
934:.
924:.
898:.
874:^
856:.
852:.
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1959:v
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807:.
612:)
608:(
602:.
222:)
191:(
175:)
144:(
114:)
76:1
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
