983:
61:
184:
381:
production) and cattle-raising, while the mountain settlements experienced increased prosperity through their investment in crafts and commerce, and their organization into communal guilds. This prosperity was expressed in the growth of fairs and markets in the region's urban centres.
389:
took over control of
Thessaly, and consolidated his rule after 1808, when he suppressed a local uprising. His heavy taxation, however, ruined the province's commerce, and coupled with the outbreak of the plague in 1813, reduced the population to some 200,000 by 1820. When the
494:. At the time it was part of the Rumeli Eyalet and divided into four sub-provinces: the Trikala (Τirhala) vilayet, the Larisa (Yenisehir) vilayet, the Fanari (Fenâr) vilayet and the Agrafa (Ağrafa) vilayet. The capital was the city of Trikala.
972:
303:(died 1484) rather than a regular province. Turahan and his heirs brought in settlers from Anatolia (the so-called "Konyalis", or "Koniarides" in Greek, since most were from the region around
1477:
1462:
1487:
965:
1482:
280:
in successive waves, in 1386/7, the mid-1390s, and again after 1414/23, and the conquest was not completed until 1470. Trikala itself fell probably in 1395/6 (although
1472:
958:
347:
307:) to repopulate the sparsely inhabited area, and soon, Muslim settlers or converts dominated the lowlands, while the Christians held the mountains around the
771:
706:
429:
period, Thessaly experienced an increased concentration of the arable land by a few magnates, who reduced their tenant farmers to virtual
437:
114:
418:
491:
911:
879:
810:
60:
982:
944:
326:
Thessaly was generally peaceful, but did see the occasional conflict. Thus in 1570 the
Venetians raided the region of Fenarbekir (
276:
In the mid-14th century, Thessaly had been ruled by
Serbian and Greek lords and enjoyed great prosperity. It was conquered by the
849:
Rumeli und Bosna, geographisch beschrieben, von
Mustafa ben Abdalla Hadschi Chalfa. Aus dem Türkischen übersetzt von J. v. Hammer
159:
402:
mountains as well as the western mountains around
Fenarbekir, but they were swiftly suppressed by the Ottoman armies under
731:
666:
1062:
757:
692:
300:
1467:
748:
683:
391:
335:
331:
1127:
1157:
372:
219:
1247:
1057:
933:
M. Delibaşi, M. Arikan, "Sûret-i Defter-i Sancak-i
Tirhala I", Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara 2001, pp. 26–27
361:
The 17th century saw the progressive weakening of the
Ottoman central government, and the replacement of the
1427:
441:
311:. Banditry was endemic, and led to the creation of the first state-sanctioned Christian autonomies known as
1047:
1412:
1177:
1002:
1097:
444:. The last Ottoman census, carried out in 1877/8, listed 250,000 inhabitants and 2,500 buildings for the
1407:
1382:
1342:
1307:
1212:
1152:
1132:
1032:
930:
N. Beldiceanu, P. Nasturel, "La
Thessalie entre 1454/55 et 1506", Byzantion LIII (1983) pp. 104–156
386:
339:
1392:
1352:
1282:
1172:
1007:
874:]. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 13 (in German). Reichert. pp. 74–75, 78.
537:), and Fenarbekir. In the 18th century, the capital was transferred from Tirhala to Yenişehir, and the
403:
1417:
1272:
1217:
1107:
1102:
1037:
1017:
1422:
1347:
1287:
1262:
1237:
1227:
1207:
1197:
1117:
1087:
407:
1192:
906:]. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 13 (in German). Reichert. pp. 74, 75.
1367:
1252:
1242:
1122:
1077:
1052:
833:
65:
Central Greece in the early 19th century, showing the sanjak of
Tirhala ("Trikhala") in the centre
1327:
1292:
1232:
1142:
1137:
1112:
752:
687:
417:, Greek nationalist agitation continued, with further revolts in 1841, 1854 and again during the
1322:
1042:
829:
Memoirs on the Ionian
Islands, Considered in a Commercial, Political, and Military Point of View
950:
936:
M. Kiel, "Das Türkische Thessalien. Etabliertes Geschichtsbild versus Osmanischen Quellen", in
805:]. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 13 (in German). Reichert. p. 59.
1432:
1362:
1337:
1332:
1312:
1302:
1222:
1147:
1092:
1067:
1012:
907:
875:
806:
767:
702:
597:
414:
350:, who claimed the Byzantine throne. The local Greeks also rose up in various areas during the
287:
The newly conquered region was initially the patrimonial domain of the powerful marcher-lord (
164:
1377:
1317:
1297:
1277:
1257:
1202:
1167:
1027:
1022:
740:
675:
327:
308:
281:
1397:
1372:
1357:
1267:
1082:
1072:
736:
671:
563:
551:
487:
268:, a process which began at the end of the 14th century and ended in the mid-15th century.
827:
1402:
1187:
1182:
990:
744:
679:
237:
229:
47:
32:
1456:
895:
863:
852:(in German). Vienna: Verlag des Kunst- und Industrie-Comptors. 1812. pp. 99–105.
794:
498:
473:
399:
277:
251:
482:
covered a much larger area than today’s Thessaly region, since it included areas of
355:
847:
377:
system in the lowlands, which were mainly concerned with agriculture (especially
17:
455:
296:
265:
510:
351:
1162:
526:
314:
290:
264:. It was established after the conquest of Thessaly by the Ottomans led by
621:
611:
605:
587:
579:
573:
567:
555:
545:
534:
530:
502:
477:
467:
451:
445:
424:
422:
370:
362:
312:
288:
257:
249:
241:
223:
177:
617:
581:
522:
514:
430:
343:
261:
260:. Its name derives from the Turkish version of the name of the town of
78:
74:
986:
557:
483:
395:
378:
320:
243:
202:
43:
604:). However, in 1867, it was re-merged with the Ioannina Eyalet as a
601:
593:
554:(at the latest by 1846). Around 1854/55, it appears as a separate
518:
364:
304:
940:, publ. R. Lauer, P. Schreiner, Göttingen 1996, pp. 145 –146
572:
in its own right. Initially it probably encompassed only the old
504:
450:, with a total population for Thessaly (including the region of
954:
458:) estimated at 285,000 Greeks, 40,000 Turks and 40,000 Jews.
562:, but the source is unclear. In 1856 it became part of the
436:
Thessaly remained in Ottoman hands until 1881, when it was
421:. At the same time, despite the progressive reforms of the
358:
of 1770, but these insurrections were swiftly suppressed.
566:, but in the 1863–1867 period, it certainly became an
319:
s, the earliest and most notable of which was that of
945:Γη και γεωργοί της Θεσσαλίας κατά την Τουρκοκρατίαν
938:
Die Kultur Griechenlands in Mittelalter und Neuzeit
486:that today belong to the administrative regions of
198:
111:
101:
89:
69:
29:
730:
665:
610:, which is listed in 1877 as having the following
550:reforms of the 1840s, Tirhala became part of the
394:broke out in 1821, Greek risings occurred in the
1478:States and territories established in the 1390s
659:
657:
1463:States and territories disestablished in 1881
966:
789:
787:
785:
783:
724:
722:
720:
718:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
8:
1488:1881 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
832:. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy. p.
596:), ceded from the Salonica Eyalet, Preveze (
346:), and the second at the instigation of the
413:After the establishment of the independent
1483:1390s establishments in the Ottoman Empire
973:
959:
951:
758:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
693:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
509:s (districts): Tirhala itself, Palatmina (
59:
26:
766:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 539–540.
701:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 420–422.
497:According to the 17th-century geographer
620:, Tirhala, Çatalca, Golos and Karadiğe (
1473:Sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
633:
330:), and failed Greek uprisings occurred
68:
284:claims it happened as early as 1390).
900:Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches
868:Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches
799:Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches
541:itself was often called accordingly.
131:
127:
110:
100:
96:
84:
7:
904:The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire
872:The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire
803:The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire
476:. In the tax census of 1454/5, the
454:, which remained Ottoman until the
354:of 1684–1699, and again during the
826:de Vaudoncourt, Guillaume (1816).
25:
77:(Tirhala), from the 18th century
1158:İstolni Belgrad (Székesfehérvár)
981:
600:), a new province, and Avlonya (
586:(provincial year-book) adds the
501:, the province encompassed nine
182:
157:
729:Yerolimpos, Alexandra (2000).
419:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
1:
947:, Volos 1912, pp. 33–59.
466:For most of its history, the
256:) encompassing the region of
612:
606:
588:
580:
578:of Tirhala, but the 1864/65
574:
568:
556:
546:
503:
490:and the eastern portions of
478:
468:
446:
423:
371:
363:
313:
289:
250:
242:
224:
1443:Modern names in parentheses
1428:Zağra-i Atik (Stara Zagora)
299:(died 1456) and of his son
1504:
664:Savvides, Alexios (2000).
385:After 1780, the ambitious
334:and 1612, the first under
1441:
998:
392:Greek War of Independence
336:Dionysius the Philosopher
233:
136:
132:
128:
124:
97:
85:
58:
53:
42:
1063:Değirmenilk ve Mesentûri
616:s: Yenişehir, Alasonya,
103:• Ottoman conquest
1263:Yeni Pazar (Novi Pazar)
513:), Yenişehir i-Fenari (
462:Administrative division
440:under the terms of the
342:of Yenişehir i-Fenari (
234:λιβάς/σαντζάκι Τρικάλων
225:Sancak-i/Liva-i Tirhala
1218:Modava (Moldova Veche)
1008:Alaca Hișar (Kruševac)
1368:Semendire (Smederevo)
438:handed over to Greece
387:Ali Pasha of Ioannina
1413:Vulçitrin (Vushtrri)
1383:Temeşvar (Timișoara)
1238:Karadağ (Montenegro)
1138:Inebahti (Naupaktos)
1133:Hersek (Herzegovina)
1128:Gümülcine (Komotini)
1113:Gelibolu (Gallipoli)
408:Mahmud Dramali Pasha
81:(Yenişehir i-Fenari)
1253:Niğbolu (Nicopolis)
1003:Adrianople (Edirne)
472:formed part of the
404:Mehmed Reshid Pasha
340:metropolitan bishop
236:) was second-level
1433:İzvornik (Zvornik)
1328:Selanik (Salonica)
1223:Midilli (Mytilene)
1448:
1447:
1333:İşkodra (Scutari)
1058:Dedeağaç/Dimetoka
773:978-90-04-11211-7
708:978-90-04-11211-7
415:Kingdom of Greece
212:Sanjak of Tirhala
208:
207:
194:
193:
190:
189:
170:
169:
165:Medieval Thessaly
115:Cession to Greece
30:Sanjak of Tirhala
18:Sanjak of Trikala
16:(Redirected from
1495:
1468:Ottoman Thessaly
1348:Serfiğe (Servia)
1338:Segedin (Szeged)
1143:Yanya (Ioannina)
985:
975:
968:
961:
952:
918:
917:
892:
886:
885:
860:
854:
853:
844:
838:
837:
823:
817:
816:
791:
778:
777:
753:Heinrichs, W. P.
734:
726:
713:
712:
688:Heinrichs, W. P.
669:
661:
615:
609:
591:
585:
577:
571:
561:
549:
508:
481:
471:
449:
442:Treaty of Berlin
428:
376:
369:system with the
368:
318:
309:Thessalian plain
294:
255:
247:
235:
227:
186:
185:
174:
173:
161:
160:
154:
153:
138:
137:
63:
27:
21:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1403:Vize/Tekfürtaği
1298:Pojega (Požega)
1018:Andıra (Andros)
994:
979:
927:
925:Further reading
922:
921:
914:
896:Birken, Andreas
894:
893:
889:
882:
864:Birken, Andreas
862:
861:
857:
846:
845:
841:
825:
824:
820:
813:
795:Birken, Andreas
793:
792:
781:
774:
745:Bosworth, C. E.
728:
727:
716:
709:
680:Bosworth, C. E.
663:
662:
635:
630:
564:Ioannina Eyalet
552:Salonica Eyalet
464:
274:
220:Ottoman Turkish
183:
158:
117:
104:
64:
33:Ottoman Turkish
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Üsküp (Skopje)
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Sirem (Syrmia)
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1123:Görice (Korçë)
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
996:
995:
991:Ottoman Empire
980:
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
949:
948:
941:
934:
931:
926:
923:
920:
919:
912:
887:
880:
855:
839:
818:
811:
779:
772:
749:van Donzel, E.
737:Bearman, P. J.
714:
707:
684:van Donzel, E.
672:Bearman, P. J.
632:
631:
629:
626:
492:Central Greece
463:
460:
348:Duke of Nevers
273:
270:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
180:
171:
168:
167:
162:
150:
149:
144:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
56:
55:
51:
50:
48:Ottoman Empire
40:
39:
37:Liva-i Tirhala
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1500:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Yanova (Ineu)
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Sakız (Chios)
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
992:
988:
984:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
953:
946:
943:D. Tsopotos,
942:
939:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:3-920153-56-1
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
888:
883:
881:3-920153-56-1
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
856:
851:
850:
843:
840:
835:
831:
830:
822:
819:
814:
812:3-920153-56-1
808:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
786:
784:
780:
775:
769:
765:
761:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:Bianquis, Th.
738:
733:
725:
723:
721:
719:
715:
710:
704:
700:
696:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Bianquis, Th.
673:
668:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
634:
627:
625:
623:
619:
614:
608:
603:
599:
595:
590:
584:
583:
576:
570:
565:
560:
559:
553:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
529:), Alasonya (
528:
525:), Velestin (
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
506:
500:
499:Hajji Khalifa
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
475:
474:Rumeli Eyalet
470:
461:
459:
457:
453:
448:
443:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
383:
380:
375:
374:
367:
366:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
317:
316:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
292:
285:
283:
282:Evliya Çelebi
279:
278:Ottoman Turks
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
254:
253:
246:
245:
239:
231:
226:
221:
217:
213:
204:
201:
199:Today part of
197:
181:
179:
176:
175:
172:
166:
163:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
135:
123:
119:
116:
106:
92:
88:
80:
76:
72:
62:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
28:
19:
1450:
1387:
1288:Peçuy (Pécs)
1208:Lipova/Lipva
1023:Berat/Avlona
937:
903:
899:
890:
871:
867:
858:
848:
842:
828:
821:
802:
798:
763:
756:
698:
691:
592:s of Golos (
543:
538:
533:), Döminek (
521:), Çatalca (
496:
465:
435:
412:
384:
360:
356:Orlov Revolt
325:
286:
275:
215:
211:
209:
147:Succeeded by
146:
141:
36:
1248:Nakşa Berre
456:Balkan Wars
297:Turahan Bey
266:Turahan Bey
142:Preceded by
73:Originally
54:1395/6–1881
1457:Categories
1198:Kyustendil
1178:Kırklareli
1148:İpek (Peć)
628:References
544:After the
511:Platamonas
352:Morean War
240:province (
1163:Karli-Eli
1098:Esztergom
993:in Europe
762:Volume X:
732:"Tirḥāla"
697:Volume X:
667:"Tesalya"
527:Velestino
517:), Golo (
332:in 1600/1
315:armatolik
1343:Senturin
1308:Pristina
1293:Pljevlja
1233:Monastir
1213:Mezistre
1153:Islimiye
1033:Beçkerek
898:(1976).
866:(1976).
797:(1976).
755:(eds.).
690:(eds.).
622:Karditsa
547:Tanzimat
535:Domeniko
531:Elassona
452:Elassona
425:Tanzimat
301:Ömer Bey
258:Thessaly
178:Thessaly
1408:Voynuks
1388:Tirhala
1363:Sjenica
1353:Silivri
1313:Prizren
1303:Preveza
1283:Pançova
1173:Kesriye
1093:Elbasan
1088:Eğriboz
1068:Delvina
1048:Çingene
1013:Albania
989:of the
987:Sanjaks
598:Preveza
582:salname
523:Farsala
515:Larissa
431:serfdom
400:Olympus
373:chiflik
344:Larissa
272:History
262:Trikala
238:Ottoman
216:Trikala
113:•
90:History
79:Larissa
75:Trikala
70:Capital
46:of the
1318:Rhodes
1278:Pakrac
1273:Orşova
1203:Lemnos
1168:Kavala
1108:Filibe
1103:Fenlak
1078:Durrës
1053:Çirmen
1038:Çakova
1028:Bosnia
910:
878:
809:
770:
751:&
705:
686:&
618:Irmiye
607:sanjak
589:sanjak
575:sanjak
569:eyalet
558:eyalet
539:sanjak
488:Epirus
484:Pindos
479:sanjak
469:sanjak
447:sanjak
396:Pelion
379:cotton
338:, the
328:Fanari
321:Agrafa
291:uç bey
244:sanjak
203:Greece
107:1395/6
93:
44:Sanjak
1423:Yörük
1398:Vidin
1373:Sofia
1358:Siroz
1268:Ohrid
1243:Morea
1228:Mohaç
1118:Golos
1083:Drama
1073:Dibra
1043:Çanad
902:[
870:[
801:[
735:. In
670:. In
602:Vlora
594:Volos
519:Volos
365:timar
305:Konya
230:Greek
1193:Küle
1188:Klis
1183:Krka
908:ISBN
876:ISBN
807:ISBN
768:ISBN
703:ISBN
613:kaza
505:kaza
406:and
398:and
252:liva
210:The
120:1881
1258:Niş
834:147
764:T–U
699:T–U
624:).
248:or
214:or
1459::
782:^
760:.
747:;
743:;
739:;
717:^
695:.
682:;
678:;
674:;
636:^
433:.
410:.
323:.
295:)
232::
228:;
222::
35::
974:e
967:t
960:v
916:.
884:.
836:.
815:.
776:.
711:.
218:(
20:)
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