20:
28:
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1697:...until the early 1970s all copies of the Guru Granth Sahib were presented in larivaar format, in which all the words were connected without breaks, after which point the SGPC released a single-volume edition in which the words were separated from one another in 'pad chhed' format (Mann 2001: 126). Whereas previously readers would have to recognize the words and make the appropriate breaks while reading, pad chhed allowed "reading for those who were not trained to read the continuous text." (Mann 2001: 126). The AKJ promotes a return to the larivaar format of the Guru Granth Sahib.
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recited Japuji with total concentration and correct pronunciation. However, while reciting the concluding lines of Japuji, he wished fondly how nice it would be if the Guru gave his horse to him as a reward for his excellent recitation. The Guru, being omniscient, saw through the Sikh's psychological state of mind. The Guru told the devout Sikh that the latter had got distracted merely for the acquisition of a horse while the Guru was even ready to handover his
Guruship as a reward for his excellent recitation done with such deep concentration.
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Episode (Sakhi) 1 : Both concentration of mind and correct pronunciation and recitation are extremely essential while reciting
Gurbani. Once Sri Guru Hargobind declared in a congregation that a devout Sikh should recite Japuji with complete concentration. Following Guru ji's instructions, a Sikh
1283:
It is primarily in the larger congregation of
Stockholm that a few active volunteers have taken the responsibility to teach the younger children in the Punjabi alphabet and those with basic reading competence in the correct pronunciation of gurbani text (gurbani santhiya) on Sundays after the
1156:
1063:
is the traditional way of learning sounds by actually speaking them. It consists of the letters of
Gurmukhi script in its natural order, with each letter followed by a word starting with that letter. It is recited as a rhyme.
1655:
Correct pronunciation and intonation of
Gurbani is mandatory so that the Sangat understands the words and the meaning of the Shabad. The singer is not allowed to introduce any words of his own or make interpolations.
1154:
1157:
119:, are commonly used to dictate the flow and rhythm of the recitation. Gurbani which is recited by a person who has taken santhiya is known as "shudh ucharan" (Gurmukhi: ਸੁਧ ਉਚਾਰਨ)
19:
1196:
Punctuation can also be used to mark the vishraams, or pauses. A period "." marks the smallest pause, a comma "," marks a medium pause, and a semicolon ";" marks a long pause.
1193:) and regulate the reciter's elocution. The green vishraams mark a short pause, magenta and red a medium pause, while the orange vishraams mark a long pause.
27:
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as the 11th Guru of the Sikhs. That year, Guru Gobind Singh is said to have founded a distinguished school of exegesis, later headed up by
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2391:
1072:
1622:
Bāhrī, Hardev (1997). Siṅgh, Harbans (ed.). Gurmukhī (3rd ed.). Patiala, Punjab, India: Punjab
University, Patiala, 2011. pp. 181–184.
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script. This made reading
Gurbani significantly harder, thus providing greater necessity for santhiya. In order to mark pauses,
107:(student). Educated vidyarthis can also teach other Sikhs santhiya. It involves the precise recitation and flow (rhythm) of the
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are used. A vishraam literally means "pause", and they are frequently used in
Gurbani to specific a specific metre (such as a
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The
Gurmukhi alphabhet has 35 original letters, as well as six supplementary consonants in official usage, referred to as the
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is considered crucial, as failure to do so can be seen as "changing" the words, and sometimes even the meaning of
Gurbani.
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922:. Damdamā Sahib was considered to be the highest seat of learning for the Sikhs during the 18th century, and the
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1939:
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Sikhs in the Diaspora: A Modern Guide to Practice of the Sikh Faith: A Knowledge Compendium for the Global Age
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1577:. Punjabi University, Patiala. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
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1573:"Let's Learn Punjabi: Research Centre for Punjabi Language Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala".
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of the entirety of the scripture, as well as teaching the proper recitation, or santhiya. This exact
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1593:. Department of Computer Science & Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Harjeet Singh Gill (1996). "The Gurmukhi Script". In Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (eds.).
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The Mool Mantar of Sikhism with Vishraams and Color Marking. Letters are joined in "Larivaar"
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Singh, Jasjit. "Global Sikh-ers: Transnational learning practices of young British Sikhs."
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In 1706, when Gobind Singh...he is said to have founded a distinguished school of exegesis.
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1687:(7). School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science, University of Leeds: 209–219.
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Gurmukhi can be written in two ways: split (phad-ched) and the traditional way, known as
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2012:
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letters. The Gurmukhi script is used to write virtually all Sikh Scriptures and texts.
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861:
612:
304:
299:
274:
222:
162:
147:
32:
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Singh, Jasjit. "Lost in translation? The emergence of the digital Guru Granth Sahib."
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344:
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207:
872:, the seventh Guru, emphasized the importance of not even changing a single word of
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2007:
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364:
279:
227:
212:
1222:
The "Maha Mantar" refers to the first half of the "Mul Mantar", up to Gurprasad(i)
1418:. The Fundamentalism Project. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. pp.
1409:
1269:
Young Sikhs in a Global World: Negotiating Traditions, Identities and Authorities
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1959:
1954:
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Transliteration: jal thae oupaj tharang jio ---- jal hee bikhai samahi ||60||
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217:
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The Mūl Mantar, the opening verse of the Sikh scripture, with "Shudh Ucharan"
3532:
3124:
3119:
2639:
2480:
1949:
432:
68:
1165:
Before the printing of the Guru Granth Sahib was widespread, the copies or
1415:
Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance
1030:("letters at the foot") that are utilised in modern Gurmukhī: forms of ਹ (
457:
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439:
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Correctly pronouncing all of these letters when doing the recitation of
2017:
1979:
1736:
1692:
1053:
524:
139:
108:
76:
16:
The learning of the correct pronunciation of Sikh Scripture, or Gurbani
1514:
Why Sikhs Fight (Anthropological Contributions to Conflict Resolution)
3619:
3552:
3547:
2994:
2475:
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1984:
1964:
1904:
1884:
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554:
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260:
85:
1448:
Sikh Code of Conduct: A Guide to the Sikh Way of Life and Ceremonies
930:, who entrusted it with the responsibility of teaching the reading (
3542:
3405:
2524:
2500:
1611:
The World’s Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, New York, NY
1446:
Singh, Harjinder; Singh, Sukha; Singh, Jaskeerth (December 2020).
1152:
1144:
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Gurmukhi, there are no spaces between the letters in a sentence.
1071:
989:
949:
856:
269:
157:
96:
91:
26:
18:
1149:
The Gurmukhi Alphabet with marks showing pronunciation (ucharan).
115:) that is being recited. Color codes to stop and pause, known as
2440:
1674:"The Guru's Way: Exploring Diversity Among British Khalsa Sikhs"
1339:
Nirankari, Maan Singh (2008). Chowdhry, Neelam Man Singh (ed.).
100:
2573:
1709:
1539:
Sikhs across borders: Transnational practices of European Sikhs
1343:. Translated by Singh, Kulwant. Unistar Books. pp. 37–38.
876:
and taught the correct pronunciation of it. In 1706, after the
2569:
2551:
1591:
A New Approach to Punjabi Text Steganography using Naveen Toli
864:
once chastised a Sikh for becoming distracted whilst reciting
23:
A fresco from a ‘Samadhi’ depicting ‘Santhiya’ being taught
1705:
1106:ੴਸਤਿਨਾਮੁਕਰਤਾਪੁਰਖੁਨਿਰਭਉਨਿਰਵੈਰੁਅਕਾਲਮੂਰਤਿਅਜੂਨੀਸੈਭੰਗੁਰਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ॥
1022:
In addition, there are three "subscript" letters, called
1410:"Sikh Fundamentalism: Translating History into Theory"
62:
1246:. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Academy. 2021. pp. iv.
3655:
3426:
3386:
3344:
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2439:
2183:
2061:
1993:
1875:
1825:
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1169:of the scripture were handwritten almost always in
1019:which are an integral part of the Gurmukhi Script.
1397:. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 152.
904:During this period, Guru Gobind Singh performed
1517:. The University of Georgia Press. p. 17.
1412:. In Martin E. Marty; R. Scott Appleby (eds.).
1450:(6th ed.). Akaal Publishers. p. 133.
79:, taught in the manner of the 10th Sikh Guru,
2585:
1721:
1316:Sri Guru Gobind Singh Jee - A Short Biography
1267:Jacobsen, Knut A.; Myrvold, Kristina (2016).
969:, or simply the correct pronunciation of the
835:
8:
1609:Gill, Harjeet Singh. "The gurmukhi script."
3049:
2659:
2592:
2578:
2570:
1728:
1714:
1706:
988:meaning "new group," created by placing a
842:
828:
126:
2901:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
1004:consonants. These are not present in the
884:camped at Sabo Ki Talwandi, now known as
89:. Santhiya is almost always taught via a
1554:. Oxford University Press. pp. 395–399.
1090:
1235:
1215:
138:
1643:. Sikh Publishing House. p. 174.
888:. For nine months, Guru Gobind Singh,
1667:
1665:
1663:
1585:
1583:
1569:
1567:
7:
1589:Kumar, Arun; Kaur, Amandeep (2018).
1318:. Akaal Publishers. pp. 47–49.
1309:
1307:
1305:
1244:Sri Dasam Granth: Facts Beyond Doubt
1049:ਸਰਬ ਨਾਮ ਕਥੈ ਕਵਨ ਕਰਮ ਨਾਮ ਬਰਣਤ ਸੁਮਤਿ
958:(copy) of the Guru Granth Sahib in
1488:Dasam Granth An Introductory Study
1370:The Sikh Religion: An Introduction
83:. It is comparable to the Islamic
14:
1372:. Star Publications. p. 20.
1368:Vaid, Haribala Rani Kaur (2007).
926:claims direct historical ties to
71:') is the correct pronunciation (
31:Students of the Sikh University,
3704:
3703:
3695:
3506:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
896:scribed an entire volume of the
809:
146:
3696:
2547:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
3600:Sikhism and sexual orientation
1395:Sikhism Origin and Development
1116:in phad-ched (split) Gurmukhi
1:
1490:. Hemkunt Press. p. 12.
1465:. Hemkunt Press. p. 57.
1000:) of the consonant to create
965:Santhiya is first taught via
1552:The World's Writing Systems
1463:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
1012:and other Sikh Scriptures.
914:(copy) was later given the
779:Sikhism and other religions
458:
449:
440:
63:
3749:
2960:British East India Company
1639:Bakhshi, Surinder (2008).
1185:, some of the most common
3693:
3372:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
3352:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
3301:Johann Martin Honigberger
3160:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1743:
1314:Singh, Harjinder (2017).
1008:, but are present in the
900:in a volume known as the
55:
3362:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
3357:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
1695:– via White Rose.
1486:Kapoor, Sukhbir (2003).
1393:Dhillon, Dalbir (1988).
1199:Ex: ਜਲ ਤੇ ਉਪਜ ਤਰੰਗ ਜਿਉਂ
954:Example of a historical
3367:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
3245:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
2170:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
1299:14.3-4 (2018): 339-351.
886:Takht Sri Damdamā Sahib
262:Selected revered saints
3200:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
3185:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
3175:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
3155:Sher Singh Attariwalla
3150:Sham Singh Attariwalla
3046:Officials and warriors
2955:Emirate of Afghanistan
2861:Battle of Chillianwala
2086:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
1835:Beliefs and principles
1672:Singh, Jasjit (2014).
1511:C. K. Mahmood (1996).
1408:Harjot Oberoi (1996).
1341:Sikhism: A Perspective
1162:
1150:
1077:
1068:Larivaar and Pahd-Ched
962:
756:Jathedar of Akal Takht
103:), who then teaches a
36:
24:
3538:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
3281:François Henri Mouton
3271:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
3110:Khushal Singh Jamadar
2897:Panchayati Revolution
2893:Hill States–Sikh Wars
2848:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2160:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
1461:H. S. Singha (2000).
1203:ਜਲ ਹੀ ਬਿਖੈ ਸਮਾਹਿ॥੬੦॥
1160:
1148:
1075:
1026:("joint letters") or
953:
30:
22:
3319:Influential families
3276:Claude Auguste Court
3266:Jean-François Allard
3180:Surat Singh Majithia
3170:Lehna Singh Majithia
2975:Hill States Alliance
2828:Battle of Ferozeshah
2815:First Anglo-Sikh War
2535:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
2513:Piara Singh Bhaniara
2392:United Arab Emirates
2130:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
1860:Cannabis and Sikhism
786:Sikhism and Hinduism
3610:Idolatry in Sikhism
3528:Nanakshahi calendar
3523:Sikh Light Infantry
3165:Amar Singh Majithia
3100:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
2891:, Katoch–Sikh War,
816:Religion portal
796:Sikhism and Jainism
746:Nanakshahi calendar
35:, learning Santhiya
3511:11th Sikh Regiment
3326:Sandhawalia family
3240:Sultan Mahmud Khan
3225:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
3210:Sangat Singh Saini
3105:Dewan Mokham Chand
2980:Kingdom of Mankera
2856:Battle of Ramnagar
2800:Battle of Peshawar
2795:Battle of Nowshera
2672:Battle of Bhangani
2150:Nanak Shahi bricks
2053:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
1845:Sikh Rehat Maryada
1840:Guru Maneyo Granth
1693:10.1111/rec3.12111
1163:
1151:
1102:(joined) Gurmukhi
1078:
1015:There are also 10
963:
500:Sikh Rehat Maryada
467:Guru Maneyo Granth
95:(also known as an
37:
25:
3715:
3714:
3396:Bandi Chhor Divas
3380:
3379:
3314:
3313:
3286:Alexander Gardner
3205:Kahan Singh Nakai
3190:Akali Phula Singh
3070:Diwan Bhawani Das
2907:
2906:
2838:Battle of Sobraon
2790:Battle of Shopian
2275:Jammu and Kashmir
2175:Well of Dina Nath
2003:Guru Granth Sahib
1816:Guru Granth Sahib
1811:Guru Gobind Singh
1806:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1628:978-81-7380-530-1
1599:978-81-933897-0-6
1560:978-0-19-507993-7
1429:978-0-226-50884-9
1284:ordinary liturgy.
1158:
1143:
1142:
1006:Guru Granth Sahib
928:Guru Gobind Singh
898:Guru Granth Sahib
882:Guru Gobind Singh
878:Battle of Muktsar
852:
851:
791:Sikhism and Islam
721:Nirgun and Sargun
599:Guru Granth Sahib
248:Guru Granth Sahib
243:Guru Gobind Singh
238:Guru Tegh Bahadur
81:Guru Gobind Singh
61:
3740:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3635:Punjabi language
3595:Women in Sikhism
3135:Balbhadra Kunwar
3095:Hari Singh Nalwa
3085:Misr Diwan Chand
3075:Diwan Buta Singh
3050:
2990:Barakzai dynasty
2965:Kingdom of Nepal
2919:Sikh Khalsa Army
2871:Battle of Gujrat
2833:Battle of Aliwal
2805:Battle of Jamrud
2785:Battle of Multan
2780:Battle of Attock
2772:Afghan–Sikh wars
2664:Mughal-Sikh Wars
2660:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2451:Sects of Sikhism
2417:Northern Ireland
2145:Moti Bagh Palace
2120:Bahadurgarh Fort
1818:(Sikh holy book)
1801:Guru Har Krishan
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1681:Religion Compass
1678:
1669:
1658:
1657:
1636:
1630:
1620:
1614:
1613:(1996): 395-398.
1607:
1601:
1587:
1578:
1575:learnpunjabi.org
1571:
1562:
1548:
1542:
1541:(2012): 167-192.
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1501:
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1286:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1240:
1223:
1220:
1159:
1091:
844:
837:
830:
814:
813:
780:
695:
642:
636:
591:
493:
461:
452:
443:
425:
340:Bhagat Trilochan
310:Bhagat Parmanand
263:
233:Guru Har Krishan
191:
150:
127:
66:
60:romanized:
59:
57:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3689:
3651:
3422:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3340:
3331:Majithia family
3310:
3291:Paolo Avitabile
3254:
3235:Fakir Azizuddin
3145:Mehta Basti Ram
3065:Diwan Dina Nath
3041:
3005:
2985:Namgyal dynasty
2933:
2912:Military forces
2903:
2875:
2866:Siege of Multan
2842:
2823:Battle of Mudki
2809:
2766:
2655:
2649:
2625:Nau Nihal Singh
2603:
2598:
2558:
2443:and communities
2442:
2435:
2179:
2165:Ramgarhia Bunga
2076:Harmandir Sahib
2057:
1989:
1871:
1867:Diet in Sikhism
1821:
1752:
1739:
1734:
1704:
1703:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1621:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1565:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1297:Sikh Formations
1294:
1290:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1191:Sikh Scriptures
1153:
1070:
996:) at the foot (
948:
940:Sikh scriptures
920:Baba Deep Singh
894:Bhai Mani Singh
890:Baba Deep Singh
854:According to a
848:
808:
801:
800:
781:
778:
771:
770:
696:
691:
684:
683:
654:Harmandir Sahib
644:
640:
634:
626:
625:
593:
589:
581:
580:
495:
491:
483:
482:
427:
423:
415:
414:
285:Bhagat Ramanand
265:
261:
253:
252:
193:
189:
125:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3746:
3744:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3728:Sikh practices
3720:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3306:Henry Lawrence
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3250:Sohan Lal Suri
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3001:Maqpon Dynasty
2998:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:Durrani Empire
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2885:Nepal–Sikh War
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:Damdami Taksal
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2397:United Kingdom
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:Sukhmani Sahib
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2013:Sarbloh Granth
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:Sikh practices
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Guru Hargobind
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1659:
1649:
1631:
1615:
1602:
1579:
1563:
1543:
1530:
1523:
1503:
1496:
1478:
1471:
1453:
1438:
1428:
1400:
1385:
1378:
1360:
1349:
1331:
1324:
1301:
1288:
1277:
1259:
1252:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1141:
1140:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1069:
1066:
947:
944:
924:Damdami Taksal
880:, the army of
862:Guru Hargobind
850:
849:
847:
846:
839:
832:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
788:
782:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
697:
693:General topics
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Keshgarh Sahib
661:
656:
651:
645:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
616:
613:Sarbloh Granth
609:
602:
594:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
475:
470:
463:
454:
445:
436:
428:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
305:Bhagat Bhikhan
302:
300:Bhagat Sadhana
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
275:Bhagat Ravidas
272:
266:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
223:Guru Hargobind
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
194:
187:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
152:
151:
143:
142:
136:
135:
124:
121:
113:Sikh scripture
33:Damdami Taksal
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3745:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3710:
3702:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Kesgarh Sahib
3673:
3671:
3670:Damdama Sahib
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Sikh Regiment
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3336:Tiwana family
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Josiah Harlan
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:Jawahar Singh
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Zorawar Singh
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Harkishangarh
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Mughal Empire
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:Sino-Sikh war
2886:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Gurdas Nangal
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Chappar Chiri
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Agrahari Sikh
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2441:Groups, sects
2438:
2430:
2429:U.S. Military
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:United States
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Khanda museum
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2111:North America
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Three Pillars
1938:
1936:
1935:Antam Sanskar
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Amrit Sanchar
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
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1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:The 52 Hukams
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1817:
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1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
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1779:
1777:
1776:Guru Amar Das
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
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1726:
1724:
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1698:
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1686:
1682:
1675:
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1652:
1650:9780956072801
1646:
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1553:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1524:9780820317656
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1497:81-7010-325-8
1493:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1472:9788170103011
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1442:
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1431:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1379:9788176502306
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:9788171426218
1346:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1325:9780955458781
1321:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:9781134790883
1274:
1271:. Routledge.
1270:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1253:9781527282773
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1229:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:poetic metres
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:ਨਿਰਭਉ ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
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1089:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:pairī̃ akkhar
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:vowel matras,
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
961:
957:
952:
945:
943:
941:
937:
934:), analysis (
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
825:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
804:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
775:
774:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
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734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
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719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
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698:
694:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Damdama Sahib
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
643:
637:
630:
629:
622:
621:
617:
615:
614:
610:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:
596:
595:
592:
585:
584:
577:
576:Antam Sanskar
574:
572:
569:
567:
566:Amrit Sanskar
564:
562:
559:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
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501:
498:
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494:
487:
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479:
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460:
455:
453:
451:
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444:
442:
437:
435:
434:
430:
429:
426:
419:
418:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
385:Bhatt Mathura
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Bhatt Harbans
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:Bhatt Kalshar
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Bhagat Jaidev
333:
331:
330:Bhagat Surdas
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Bhagat Dhanna
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:Bhagat Namdev
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
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268:
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264:
257:
256:
249:
246:
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241:
239:
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226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
208:Guru Amar Das
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
185:
184:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
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156:
155:
154:
153:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:
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120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
87:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
53:
49:
48:
43:
42:
34:
29:
21:
3733:Sikh beliefs
3647:Sacred trees
3428:Other topics
3401:Hola Mohalla
3230:Ilahi Bakhsh
3090:Diwan Mulraj
3080:Pratap Singh
3037:Zorawar Fort
2692:2nd Anandpur
2687:1st Anandpur
2645:Duleep Singh
2620:Kharak Singh
2615:Ranjit Singh
2508:Mazhabi Sikh
2367:South Africa
2135:Kesgarh Qila
2081:Janam Asthan
2063:Architecture
2008:Dasam Granth
1975:Charhdi Kala
1855:Prohibitions
1796:Guru Har Rai
1781:Guru Ram Das
1696:
1684:
1680:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1590:
1574:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1513:
1506:
1487:
1481:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1340:
1334:
1315:
1296:
1291:
1282:
1268:
1262:
1243:
1238:
1218:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1138:ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ॥
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:Dasam Granth
1001:
997:
993:
985:
981:
977:
975:
966:
964:
959:
955:
935:
931:
911:
905:
902:Damdama Bir.
901:
873:
870:Guru Har Rai
865:
855:
853:
618:
611:
606:Dasam Granth
604:
597:
505:Prohibitions
478:Five Virtues
473:Five Thieves
465:
459:Charhdi Kalā
431:
365:Bhatt Gayand
280:Bhagat Farid
270:Bhagat Kabir
228:Guru Har Rai
213:Guru Ram Das
116:
104:
90:
84:
72:
46:
45:
40:
39:
38:
3685:Patna Sahib
3680:Hazur Sahib
3215:Hukma Singh
3130:Gulab Singh
3060:Dhian Singh
3032:Lahore Fort
3022:Multan Fort
3017:Jamrud Fort
2970:Qing Empire
2938:Adversaries
2924:Fauj-i-Khas
2601:Sikh Empire
2564:Sikh Empire
2542:Singh Sabha
2471:Nanakpanthi
2382:Switzerland
2372:South Korea
2332:New Zealand
2327:Netherlands
2198:Afghanistan
2028:Japji Sahib
1960:The Five Ks
1955:Vand Chhako
1920:Anand Karaj
1114:Maha Mantar
1096:Maha Mantar
1024:dutt akkhar
982:navīn varag
679:Hazur Sahib
674:Patna Sahib
571:Anand Karaj
530:The Five Ks
450:Vand Chakkō
410:Balvand Rai
400:Baba Sundar
380:Bhatt Kirat
375:Bhatt Jalap
360:Bhatt Bhika
355:Bhatt Bhalh
325:Bhagat Pipa
315:Bhagat Sain
290:Bhagat Beni
3722:Categories
3665:Akal Takht
3605:In Fiction
3590:Ravidassia
3558:Dharamyudh
3481:Literature
3471:Panj Pyare
3411:Mela Maghi
3259:Foreigners
3220:Veer Singh
3195:Chandu Lal
2929:Fauj-i-Ain
2635:Sher Singh
2630:Chand Kaur
2486:Sewapanthi
2213:Bangladesh
2185:By country
2155:Pul Kanjri
2125:Fateh Burj
2038:Jaap Sahib
2023:Mul Mantar
1945:Kirat Karo
1930:Amrit Velā
1915:Naam Karan
1895:Sikh rites
1827:Philosophy
1786:Guru Arjan
1771:Guru Angad
1766:Guru Nanak
1230:References
1135:ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ
1132:ਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ
1126:ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ
1038:), and ਵ (
1002:pair bindī
986:pair bindi
978:navīn ṭolī
731:Literature
716:Panj Pyare
659:Akal Takht
620:Five Banis
561:Naam Karan
520:Amrit Velā
441:Kirat Karō
424:Philosophy
405:Satta Doom
395:Bhatt Salh
390:Bhatt Nalh
350:Bhatt Balh
218:Guru Arjan
203:Guru Angad
198:Guru Nanak
190:Sikh gurus
3615:Criticism
3533:Ramananda
3388:Festivals
3125:Lal Singh
3120:Tej Singh
2997:of Poonch
2747:Jalalabad
2656:conflicts
2640:Jind Kaur
2481:Nirankari
2362:Singapore
2292:Indonesia
2228:Vancouver
2203:Australia
1995:Scripture
1950:Naam Japo
1877:Practices
1175:vishraams
1112:The Sikh
1094:The Sikh
946:Elocution
938:) of the
751:Criticism
590:Scripture
492:Practices
433:Naam Japo
117:vishraams
105:vidyarthi
69:elocution
3709:Category
3639:Gurmukhī
3630:Punjabis
3573:Hinduism
3501:Politics
3461:Waheguru
3456:Ik Onkar
3418:Vaisakhi
3345:Treaties
2727:Sadhaura
2697:Chamkaur
2654:Military
2496:Ramraiya
2466:Namdhari
2407:Scotland
2387:Thailand
2347:Pakistan
2317:Malaysia
2193:Diaspora
2071:Gurdwara
1746:Glossary
1183:Doh(i)ra
1171:larivaar
1123:ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ
1100:larivaar
1086:larivaar
1082:larivaar
971:Gurmuhki
960:larivaar
916:gurgaddi
711:Waheguru
701:Ik Onkar
649:Gurdwara
557:(Turban)
178:Glossary
132:a series
130:Part of
52:Gurmukhi
41:Santhiya
3701:Outline
3625:History
3568:Jainism
3441:Culture
3436:History
3053:Natives
2995:Sudhans
2742:Lohgarh
2722:Sirhind
2712:Sonepat
2707:Muktsar
2491:Nirmala
2402:England
2260:Germany
2250:Finland
2240:Denmark
2218:Belgium
2208:Austria
2033:Chaupai
2018:Gurbani
1980:Dasvand
1750:History
1737:Sikhism
1061:Muharni
1054:Gurbani
967:muharni
932:santhyā
874:gurbani
866:gurbani
525:Dasvand
173:History
168:Outline
140:Sikhism
123:History
109:Gurbani
77:Gurbani
73:ucharan
64:Sathi'ā
47:Santhya
3620:Punjab
3553:Dastar
3548:Sardar
3496:Places
3466:Khanda
2880:Others
2717:Samana
2682:Basoli
2677:Nadaun
2608:Rulers
2476:Nihang
2456:Khalsa
2377:Sweden
2357:Poland
2352:Panama
2342:Norway
2285:Punjab
2265:Greece
2255:France
2223:Canada
2106:Europe
2096:Africa
2043:Rehras
1985:Jhatka
1965:Simran
1910:Langar
1905:Kirtan
1885:Khalsa
1647:
1626:
1597:
1558:
1521:
1494:
1469:
1426:
1376:
1347:
1322:
1275:
1250:
1034:), ਰ (
936:vichār
892:, and
726:Khanda
706:Khalsa
641:Takhts
635:Places
555:Dastar
550:Nitnem
545:Simran
535:Langar
515:Kirtan
163:Topics
158:People
101:Gurdev
97:Ustadh
86:tajwid
3657:Takht
3585:Sikhs
3563:Islam
3543:Kabir
3491:Names
3486:Music
3476:Films
3451:Music
3406:Maghi
3010:Forts
2762:Delhi
2752:Jammu
2737:Rahon
2702:Sarsa
2525:Jatha
2501:Udasi
2412:Wales
2322:Nepal
2312:Japan
2307:Italy
2280:Kochi
2270:India
2235:China
1900:Ardās
1758:Gurus
1677:(PDF)
1210:Notes
1179:Salok
1084:. In
994:bindī
984:, or
907:katha
857:sakhi
766:Sects
741:Names
736:Music
510:Ardās
92:giani
75:) of
56:ਸੰਥਿਆ
3578:Rama
2461:Mina
2337:Niue
2302:Iraq
2297:Iran
2245:Fiji
2101:Asia
2091:List
1970:Sewa
1748:and
1645:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1167:birs
1059:The
1045:Ex:
998:pair
638:and
540:Sewa
3446:Art
2552:3HO
1689:doi
1420:266
1189:in
1181:or
1098:in
1047:ਤ੍ਵ
1042:).
990:dot
956:bir
912:bir
761:War
99:or
67:; '
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2899:,
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1679:.
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1566:^
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1281:.
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1036:ra
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