31:
292:
requires extra support in large window openings. Vinyl is also used on wood windows as an outside cladding to protect the wood from the weather but allow the inside of the window to take advantage of the appearance of fine wood. Vinyl is also available in a large range of colours and textures although white is by far the most common. Vinyl is limited mainly to residential usage and low rise commercial due to its flammability and the toxic fumes it produces when burned. In the future fire rated versions of UPVC windows may be used in high rise construction, but currently flammability and toxic fumes are a significant obstacle.
105:
222:. Sash windows are relatively high maintenance, but offer advantages in return (style, aesthetics, abides by laws (relating to older houses and buildings), natural resources etc.). However, well-maintained sash windows should last generations without needing parts replaced. It is also possible to clean all the glass from within the building by sliding the two panes to different positions.
231:
218:, swelling or distortion of the woodwork or rattling in the wind (due to shrinkage of the wood). These problems can be solved by careful repair and the introduction of draught stripping. It is also a common problem for painters to paint the sash stuck. The sliding mechanism makes sash windows more vulnerable to these problems than traditional
154:
with two sashes that can move up and down in the window frame. These windows are commonly found in older buildings in warmer climates, as they promote airflow and are easy to clean. A significant advantage of double-hung windows is that they provide efficient cooling of interiors during warm weather.
291:
and ease of installation are also benefits. Problems with uPVC include durability and the environmental issues. Over time the plasticizer chemicals used to make vinyl sashes flexible evaporate leaving the material brittle and prone to breaking. Vinyl is also weaker than wood and aluminum sashes and
155:
Opening both the top and bottom of a sash window by equal amounts allows warm air at the top of the room to escape, thus drawing relatively cool air from outside into the room through the bottom opening. A double-hung window where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) than the lower is termed a
190:
The glass in old windows can be the very early 'plate' or 'broad' glass to 'crown' or 'cylinder'. Old glass is recognised by its imperfections ('ream') which result in optical distortion. Traditional cylinder glass is still made, but other sorts of antique glass are no longer available.
286:
or vinyl sash windows have become available since the first PVC window frames were being introduced in
Germany in the 1960s. They have come to dominate the window industry with more than 50% of all window sashes being made of vinyl in the USA as of 2017. The waterproof nature of
30:
143:, and frequently used to describe the same thing. Historically box sash windows are heavier and more stately in nature than modern sash windows, but both terms are used within the industry when referring to the same type of window.
132:
or counter-weight concealed within the window frame. The sash weight is connected to the window by a braided cotton sash cord, or a chain, that runs over a pulley at the top of the frame, although
74:. Others see the sash window as a Dutch invention. H.J. Louw believed that the sash window was developed in England, but concluded that it was impossible to determine the exact inventor.
162:
A single-hung window has two sashes, but normally the top sash is fixed and only the bottom sash slides. Triple- and quadruple-hung windows are used for tall openings, common in
182:, which allow the window to be locked into hinges on one side while the counterbalance on the other side is detached, allowing the window to be opened for escape or cleaning.
96:
houses were built in
England using standard sash window units approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) in width, but older, hand-made units could be of any size.
454:
270:
198:
or "glazing bars", or may imitate them by applying them to the surface of the glazing, giving the appearance of multiple small
346:
252:
241:
199:
47:
128:
To facilitate operation, the weight of the glazed panel is usually balanced by a heavy steel, lead, or cast-iron
82:
496:
78:
62:
The oldest surviving examples of sash windows were installed in
England in the 1670s, for example at
85:
houses, and the classic arrangement has three panes across by two up on each of two sash, giving a
470:
450:
444:
421:
136:
are sometimes used. Repairing a broken cord requires disassembling parts of the window frame.
551:
248:
90:
46:
is made of one or more movable panels, or "sashes". The individual sashes are traditionally
374:
219:
70:. The invention of the sash window is sometimes credited, without conclusive evidence, to
139:
The term "sash windows" is used interchangeably with the term "box sash windows" in the
89:
panel window, although this is by no means a fixed rule. Innumerable late
Victorian and
156:
140:
133:
108:
Exceptionally wide sash window (approximately two metres or 6.6 feet wide) in a pub in
51:
104:
545:
386:
147:
113:
301:
71:
63:
163:
211:
17:
306:
67:
518:
167:
109:
370:
215:
195:
117:
194:
Modern double-glazed sash windows are available. These may have true
93:
50:, but can now contain an individual sheet (or sheets, in the case of
202:, whereas each sash consists of only one large double-glazed unit.
329:) is an alternative plural form, now used mostly by professionals.
29:
288:
283:
224:
352:. The Georgian Group Journal, Vol. VII, 1997, pp. 168–171.
170:, and these sashes were traditionally only single-glazed.
146:
The name "hung sash window", which is more usual in the
251:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
347:"A. P. Baggs: The Earliest Sash-Window in Britain?"
409:Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory
150:than in the United Kingdom, typically refers to a
325:Due to the word's etymology, "sash" (without
8:
369:, Vol. 26, 1983 (1983), pp. 49–72, 144–150
271:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Window made of one or more movable panels
247:Relevant discussion may be found on the
103:
521:. Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs
449:. New York: Hearst Books. p. 181.
338:
318:
446:Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to
361:
359:
166:churches. Construction is usually of
7:
519:"Building Code Commission Decision"
424:. www.rmears.co.uk. 25 October 2014
443:Jackson, Albert; Day, Day (2009).
77:The sash window is often found in
25:
229:
178:Sash windows may be fitted with
1:
499:. British Plastics Federation
471:"How to Fix Rattling Windows"
568:
387:"The Gardens of Ham House"
210:Traditional problems with
100:Mechanism and application
497:"Life of a PVC-U window"
389:. London Gardens Trust
120:
35:
367:Architectural History
214:sash windows include
107:
33:
411:, Harper Press, 2008
240:factual accuracy is
422:"Glass and Glazing"
152:double-hung window
121:
36:
281:
280:
273:
16:(Redirected from
559:
531:
530:
528:
526:
515:
509:
508:
506:
504:
493:
487:
486:
484:
482:
467:
461:
460:
440:
434:
433:
431:
429:
418:
412:
405:
399:
398:
396:
394:
383:
377:
363:
354:
353:
351:
343:
330:
323:
276:
269:
265:
262:
256:
253:reliably sourced
233:
232:
225:
220:casement windows
44:hung sash window
21:
567:
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
557:
556:
542:
541:
540:
535:
534:
524:
522:
517:
516:
512:
502:
500:
495:
494:
490:
480:
478:
477:. 18 April 2012
469:
468:
464:
457:
442:
441:
437:
427:
425:
420:
419:
415:
407:Jardine, Lisa:
406:
402:
392:
390:
385:
384:
380:
364:
357:
349:
345:
344:
340:
335:
334:
333:
324:
320:
315:
298:
277:
266:
260:
257:
246:
238:This section's
234:
230:
208:
188:
176:
134:spring balances
126:
124:Box sash window
102:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
565:
563:
555:
554:
544:
543:
539:
538:External links
536:
533:
532:
510:
488:
462:
455:
435:
413:
400:
378:
355:
337:
336:
332:
331:
317:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
297:
294:
279:
278:
237:
235:
228:
207:
204:
187:
184:
180:simplex hinges
175:
174:Simplex hinges
172:
157:cottage window
141:United Kingdom
125:
122:
101:
98:
59:
56:
52:double glazing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
564:
553:
550:
549:
547:
537:
520:
514:
511:
498:
492:
489:
476:
472:
466:
463:
458:
456:9781588168030
452:
448:
447:
439:
436:
423:
417:
414:
410:
404:
401:
388:
382:
379:
376:
372:
368:
362:
360:
356:
348:
342:
339:
328:
322:
319:
312:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
295:
293:
290:
285:
275:
272:
264:
254:
250:
244:
243:
236:
227:
226:
223:
221:
217:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
192:
185:
183:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
160:
158:
153:
149:
148:United States
144:
142:
137:
135:
131:
123:
119:
115:
114:Herefordshire
111:
106:
99:
97:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
48:paned windows
45:
41:
34:A sash window
32:
19:
18:Sash and case
523:. Retrieved
513:
501:. Retrieved
491:
479:. Retrieved
474:
465:
445:
438:
426:. Retrieved
416:
408:
403:
391:. Retrieved
381:
366:
341:
326:
321:
302:Witch window
282:
267:
258:
239:
212:solid wooden
209:
193:
189:
179:
177:
161:
151:
145:
138:
129:
127:
87:six over six
86:
76:
72:Robert Hooke
64:Palace House
61:
54:) of glass.
43:
39:
37:
261:August 2019
164:New England
130:sash weight
40:sash window
428:7 February
365:Louw, HJ,
313:References
307:Fortochka
249:talk page
91:Edwardian
83:Victorian
68:Ham House
546:Category
481:23 March
393:25 April
296:See also
242:disputed
168:softwood
110:Bromyard
94:suburban
79:Georgian
552:Windows
196:muntins
186:Glazing
118:England
58:History
525:3 July
503:3 July
475:SFGate
453:
206:Issues
66:, and
371:JSTOR
350:(PDF)
200:panes
527:2017
505:2017
483:2017
451:ISBN
430:2016
395:2015
289:uPVC
284:uPVC
81:and
375:BBC
327:-es
216:rot
42:or
548::
473:.
373:,
358:^
159:.
116:,
112:,
38:A
529:.
507:.
485:.
459:.
432:.
397:.
274:)
268:(
263:)
259:(
255:.
245:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
