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364:
180:
315:
and results in a variety of environmental problems. It is unlikely that any more will be created in the United States, because of environmental regulations. It is prone to problems. As the soil is very light, windbreaks are necessary to protect these fields in dry weather. It also can catch fire and
331:
The impacts of drainage and agricultural production cause the loss of organic matter in muck soils through erosion, oxidation, and other processes collectively referred to as "subsidence." Agricultural practices such as cover cropping and reduced tillage can significantly reduce subsidence, but can
123:(WRB) defines "sapric" (sa) as a histosol having less than one-sixth (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm of the soil surface.
1307:
541:
600:
163:
as sapric organic soils that are saturated more than 30 cumulative days in normal years or are artificially drained. An example would be a soil made up primarily of
1250:
1335:
1260:
481:. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Vol. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. Rome:
397:
120:
53:
41:
1355:
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537:
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160:
132:
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83:
where virtually all of the organic material has undergone sufficient decomposition to prevent the identification of plant parts.
352:(sometimes human feces) in particular. Origins are probably from Norse, Danish, and Proto-Germanic roots referring to cow dung.
846:
531:
592:
630:
1360:
1075:
799:
555:
271:, is thought to be the largest continuous section of muckland in the world. another large tract of muckland, known as the
1370:
516:
Canada Soil Survey
Committee, Subcommittee on soil classification (1978). "The Canadian system of soil classification".
1255:
292:
579:
Conservation of Muck Soils in New York. Agronomy Fact Sheet Series, Cornell
Cooperative Extension. Accessed 7/13/20.
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88:
1511:
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496:
320:
also removes a portion of the soil each year, so it becomes progressively shallower. Oxidation also discharges
268:
264:
260:
1030:
450:
Field
Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States: A Guide for Identifying and Delineating Hydric Soils
1506:
1365:
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1136:
663:
159:
material where the fiber content is less than one-sixth of the volume. Muck soils are defined by the USDA
1010:
580:
1270:
296:
135:. Muck soils are organic soils, with at minimum of 30% organic matter and a depth of at least 40 cm.
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1101:
448:
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272:
348:, referring in some cases to agricultural soil, and in others to dirt in general, and animal
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67:
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1184:
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284:
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735:
710:
518:
Can. Dep. Agric. Publ. 1646. Supply and
Services Canada (Pb), Ottawa, Ontario. 83pp
252:
188:
275:, exists in the lower Hudson valley. American "muckers" often have roots from the
622:
332:
not reverse it. Muck soils are in essence a non-renewable agricultural resource.
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1302:
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1080:
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921:
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276:
559:
179:
1400:
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916:
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359:
100:
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931:
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317:
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192:
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1169:
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1005:
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866:
829:
824:
424:
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232:
80:
1445:
1425:
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777:
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288:
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236:
223:
Muck farming on drained swamps is an important part of agriculture in
970:
960:
856:
212:
208:
204:
581:
http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet86.pdf
473:
1020:
975:
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945:
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861:
836:
809:
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200:
178:
168:
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324:. Some muck land has been reclaimed and restored as wetlands for
1174:
995:
871:
377:
228:
156:
108:
104:
652:
814:
725:
482:
283:, where their ancestors practiced a similar type of farming.
648:
475:
World
Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015
307:
Muck farming is controversial, because the drainage of
199:
Muck soil is used for growing specialty crops such as
251:, where mostly vegetables are grown. The muckland of
1383:
1328:
1269:
1241:
1210:
1157:
1129:
1089:
693:
686:
417:Canarache, A.; Vintila, I.I.; Munteanu, I. (2006).
63:
52:
37:
21:
131:Muck soils fall under the Organic Order in the
1251:A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia
623:"Muck - Definition of muck by Merriam-Webster"
1336:Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
1261:Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type
664:
8:
533:Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils
412:
410:
155:type, and may also be a diagnostic organic
1275:
690:
671:
657:
649:
18:
398:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
389:
121:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
1356:Meadowview Biological Research Station
1288:Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands
538:Natural Resources Conservation Service
455:Natural Resources Conservation Service
133:Canadian system of soil classification
99:The soils are deep, dark colored, and
420:Elsevier's Dictionary of Soil Science
7:
511:
509:
1351:Irish Peatland Conservation Council
87:is a sapric soil that is naturally
14:
633:from the original on 11 July 2015
603:from the original on 11 July 2015
1476:
1475:
1464:
544:from the original on 2017-05-01.
502:from the original on 2016-12-13.
461:from the original on 2017-05-24.
362:
847:Flooded grasslands and savannas
472:IUSS Working Group WRB (2015).
259:, which covers the counties of
147:, sapric may be a subtype of a
1:
1371:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
1361:Society of Wetland Scientists
593:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
316:burn underground for months.
986:Peatland, mire, and quagmire
91:or is artificially drained.
1256:National Wetlands Inventory
556:"Number 21: Elba Mucklands"
293:Muck Crops Research Station
1528:
1341:Delta Waterfowl Foundation
1459:
1278:
191:, showing black dirt and
26:
1320:Wetland indicator status
536:(version 3.0 ed.).
453:(version 8.1 ed.).
1031:Freshwater swamp forest
1366:Wetlands International
1137:List of wetland plants
540:. 2012. p. 2–43.
344:has much usage in the
196:
1011:Salt pannes and pools
291:, is the site of the
182:
103:, often underlain by
457:. 2017. p. 38.
297:University of Guelph
115:World Reference Base
1471:Wetlands portal
1102:Constructed wetland
687:Types and landforms
627:merriam-webster.com
402:soil classification
1315:Salt marsh die-off
1233:Salt marsh dieback
1142:List of fen plants
981:Palustrine wetland
882:Intertidal wetland
877:Interdunal wetland
326:wildlife preserves
311:destroys wildlife
197:
183:Onion fields near
175:Use and vegetation
145:USDA soil taxonomy
79:is a subtype of a
46:USDA soil taxonomy
1489:
1488:
1391:Aquatic ecosystem
1379:
1378:
1298:Ramsar Convention
1125:
1124:
1107:Converted wetland
1049:Peat swamp forest
912:Inland salt marsh
492:978-92-5-108370-3
396:According to the
273:Black dirt region
73:
72:
1519:
1512:Animal husbandry
1479:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1451:Will-o'-the-wisp
1384:Related articles
1276:
1076:Whitewater river
1026:Coniferous swamp
907:Freshwater marsh
800:Clearwater river
716:Blackwater river
691:
673:
666:
659:
650:
643:
642:
640:
638:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
589:
583:
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571:
570:
568:
567:
558:. Archived from
552:
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522:
521:
513:
504:
503:
501:
480:
469:
463:
462:
445:
439:
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405:
394:
372:
367:
366:
365:
346:English language
295:, a part of the
289:Toronto, Ontario
19:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1375:
1346:Ducks Unlimited
1324:
1283:Clean Water Act
1265:
1243:Classifications
1237:
1206:
1153:
1121:
1085:
1036:Mangrove forest
682:
677:
647:
646:
636:
634:
621:
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493:
478:
471:
470:
466:
447:
446:
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427:. p. 745.
416:
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408:
395:
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386:
370:Wetlands portal
368:
363:
361:
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305:
221:
177:
141:
129:
117:
97:
64:Parent material
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:Drainage basin
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
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1253:
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1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1228:Paludification
1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1180:Sapric or muck
1177:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1158:Soil mechanics
1155:
1154:
1152:
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1144:
1139:
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1073:
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983:
978:
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968:
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958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
937:
936:
935:
934:
929:
919:
914:
909:
904:
902:Brackish marsh
894:
889:
884:
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869:
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834:
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822:
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614:
597:etymonline.com
584:
572:
547:
523:
505:
491:
464:
440:
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406:
388:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
374:
373:
357:
354:
337:
334:
322:carbon dioxide
304:
301:
281:Eastern Europe
257:Elba, New York
220:
217:
185:Elba, New York
176:
173:
140:
137:
128:
125:
116:
113:
96:
95:Classification
93:
71:
70:
68:Organic matter
65:
61:
60:
57:
50:
49:
39:
35:
34:
32:
31:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Types of soil
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
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1434:
1432:
1431:Riparian zone
1429:
1427:
1424:
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1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:Organizations
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1321:
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1234:
1231:
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1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:Tropical peat
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
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1162:
1160:
1156:
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1128:
1118:
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1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Várzea forest
1064:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
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979:
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972:
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967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
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933:
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928:
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924:
923:
920:
918:
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913:
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905:
903:
900:
899:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
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883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
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817:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
779:
776:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:Polygonal bog
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
696:
692:
689:
685:
681:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
651:
632:
628:
624:
618:
615:
602:
598:
594:
588:
585:
582:
576:
573:
562:on 2009-04-17
561:
557:
551:
548:
543:
539:
535:
534:
527:
524:
519:
512:
510:
506:
498:
494:
488:
484:
477:
476:
468:
465:
460:
456:
452:
451:
444:
441:
436:
434:9780080561318
430:
426:
422:
421:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
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390:
383:
379:
376:
375:
371:
360:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
335:
333:
329:
327:
323:
319:
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Holland Marsh
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
190:
186:
181:
174:
172:
170:
167:from drained
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
139:United States
138:
136:
134:
126:
124:
122:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
29:
28:
25:
20:
1416:List of bogs
1271:Conservation
1202:Ombrotrophic
1179:
1146:
1117:Water-meadow
1041:
852:Grass valley
842:Flood-meadow
805:Cypress dome
736:Cataract bog
711:Beach meadow
635:. Retrieved
626:
617:
605:. Retrieved
596:
587:
575:
564:. Retrieved
560:the original
550:
532:
526:
517:
474:
467:
449:
443:
419:
400:and similar
392:
341:
339:
330:
306:
303:Conservation
253:Torrey Farms
222:
198:
189:Torrey Farms
142:
130:
118:
98:
84:
76:
74:
1441:Telmatology
1436:River delta
1303:Ramsar site
1293:Marsh organ
1192:Hydric soil
1071:Vernal pool
1054:Shrub swamp
922:Tidal marsh
751:Plateau bog
741:Coastal bog
731:Blanket bog
287:, north of
277:Netherlands
149:haplohemist
107:, or marly
89:waterlogged
1496:Categories
1401:Bog butter
1097:Bog garden
1090:Artificial
1061:Wet meadow
927:High marsh
917:Salt marsh
820:Fen-meadow
788:Alder carr
771:Upland bog
766:String bog
761:Raised bog
566:2009-06-01
384:References
193:windbreaks
187:, part of
1223:Hydrosere
1211:Processes
1197:Marsh gas
1042:Myristica
932:Low marsh
746:Kermi bog
721:Bofedales
701:Backswamp
340:The word
336:Etymology
318:Oxidation
245:Wisconsin
219:Geography
169:swampland
153:glacistel
16:Soil type
1502:Pedology
1481:Category
1411:Bog-wood
1406:Bog iron
1396:Bog body
1218:Halosere
1170:Histosol
1165:Acrotelm
1148:Sphagnum
1006:Reed bed
951:Moorland
830:Rich fen
825:Poor fen
680:Wetlands
631:Archived
601:Archived
542:Archived
497:Archived
459:Archived
425:Elsevier
356:See also
313:habitats
309:wetlands
241:Michigan
233:Illinois
225:New York
213:potatoes
81:histosol
59:sa, HSsa
48:, others
1446:Turbary
1426:Estuary
1001:Pothole
991:Pocosin
956:Mudflat
795:Ciénega
778:Callows
694:Natural
637:10 July
607:10 July
404:systems
269:Genesee
265:Niagara
261:Orleans
249:Florida
237:Indiana
205:carrots
143:In the
101:friable
38:Used in
1016:Slough
971:Pakihi
961:Muskeg
887:Kettle
857:Guelta
489:
431:
267:, and
247:, and
211:, and
209:celery
201:onions
127:Canada
77:sapric
22:Sapric
1112:Swale
1081:Yaéré
1044:swamp
1021:Swamp
976:Palsa
966:Oasis
946:Misse
897:Marsh
867:Igapó
862:Hamun
837:Flark
810:Dambo
706:Bayou
500:(PDF)
479:(PDF)
165:humus
1308:List
1175:Peat
1130:Life
996:Pond
941:Mere
892:Lagg
872:Ings
783:Carr
639:2015
609:2015
487:ISBN
429:ISBN
378:Peat
350:dung
342:muck
229:Ohio
161:NRCS
157:soil
119:The
109:clay
105:marl
85:Muck
56:code
30:Muck
815:Fen
726:Bog
483:FAO
279:or
255:of
151:or
54:WRB
42:WRB
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263:,
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