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analysis that follows. It is in these letters that she condemns the behavior of
American men's treatment of women and slaves simply as a means to promote and benefit themselves. Letters 5-8 are dedicated to the evaluation of the condition of women in different countries, including Asia, Africa, Greenland, and the US, revealing the depth and breadth of her interest in women's issues stretched. Later, she declares that men are equally guilty in "the fall" (of Adam and Eve in the Bible) of humankind and therefore disproving the eternal punishment previously laid upon women as a result of their alleged irresponsibility. In the conclusion of her letters she acknowledges the striking ideas they pose and the newness to these discussions among Christians, but urges them to "investigate them fearlessly and prayerfully, and not shrink from the examination," which was characteristic of her writing and speeches.
386:, a leading abolitionist who had been a severe critic of their inclusion of women's rights into the abolition movement. She retired to the background of the movement while being a wife and mother, though not immediately. Sarah completely ceased to speak publicly. Apparently Weld had recently written her a letter detailing her inadequacies in speaking. He tried to explain that he wrote this out of love for her, but said that she was damaging the cause, not helping it, unlike her sister. However, as Sarah received many requests to speak over the following years (as did Angelina), it is questionable whether her "inadequacies" were as bad as he described.
257:.) These ideas, combined with her secret studies of the law, gave her some of the basis for her later work as an activist. Her father told her that if she had been a man, she would have been the greatest lawyer in South Carolina. Lerner gives a somewhat different version, in which her father said "she would have made the greatest jurist in the country." Sarah believed her inability to get higher education was unfair. She wondered at the behavior of her family and neighbors, who encouraged slaves to be baptized and to attend worship services, but did not consider them true brothers and sisters in faith.
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rooted in her interpretation of the Bible. She had strong opinions especially on the story of creation. She believed Adam and Eve were created equally, unlike many who believed Eve was created as a gift for Adam. She also assigns much of the blame for the fall to Adam, who was tempted by an equal, instead of Eve, who was tempted by a supernatural evil, which is more forgivable given her innocence. This was a main argument in Grimké's letter titled "The
Original Equality of Woman," which describes her view of the equality of the sexes, discussed further in other letters.
215:. Throughout her childhood, although highly intelligent, she was keenly aware of the inferiority of her education when compared to her brothers' classical one. Although her family recognized her remarkable intelligence, she was prevented from obtaining a substantive education or pursuing her dream of becoming an attorney, as these goals were considered "unwomanly." She was educated by private tutors on subjects considered appropriate for a young Southern woman of her class, including French, embroidery, painting with watercolors, and playing the
302:. She returned to Charleston but decided that she would go back to Philadelphia to become a Quaker minister and leave her Episcopalian upbringing behind. She was stymied, however, when she was repeatedly ignored and shut out by the male-dominated Quaker council. Becoming alienated, she later wrote, "I think no criminal under sentence of death can look more fearfully to the day of execution than I do towards our Yearly Meeting."
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speeches were seen as unwomanly because they spoke to mixed-gender audiences, called "promiscuous audiences" at the time. They also publicly debated men who disagreed with them. This was too much for the general public of 1837 and caused many harsh attacks on their womanhood; one line of thought suggested that they were both just poor "spinsters" displaying themselves in order to find any man who would be willing to take one.
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prevented Sarah from undertaking such a task again. Years afterward, she reflected on the incident, writing "I took an almost malicious satisfaction in teaching my little waiting maid at night, when she was supposed to be occupied in combing and brushing my locks. The light was put out, the keyhole screened, and flat on our stomachs before the fire, with the spelling book under our eyes, we defied the laws of South
Carolina."
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to men that she refused to marry. Both Sarah and
Angelina became very involved in the anti-slavery movement and published volumes of literature and letters on the topic. When they became well known, they began lecturing around the country on the issue. At the time women did not speak in public meetings, so Sarah was viewed as a leader in feminist issues. She openly challenged women's domestic roles.
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desperately wanted to teach them to read the
Scripture for themselves, and they had a longing for such learning, her parents prohibited this, as teaching slaves to read was illegal in South Carolina. Her parents also said that literacy would only make the slaves unhappy and rebellious, making them unfit for manual labor. Teaching slaves to read had been prohibited since 1740 in South Carolina.
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if she feels rightly, that she is filling one of the most important duties laid upon her as an accountable being, and that her character, instead of being 'unnatural', is in exact accordance with the will of Him,". Her faith and closeness to God were a critical factor in her ability to be unafraid during times of opposition and to argue on behalf of women and slaves well.
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persisted despite their belief that the fight for women's rights was as important as the fight to abolish slavery. Although Sarah had the desire to 'equip women for economic independence and for social usefulness' , they continued to be attacked, even by some abolitionists, who considered their position extreme. In 1836, Sarah published
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Sarah and
Angelina had come to loathe slavery and all its degradations. They had hoped that their new faith would be more accepting of their abolitionist beliefs than their former had been. However, their initial attempts to attack slavery caused them difficulties in the Quaker community. The sisters
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from the limitations of the South. Angelina visited Sarah in
Philadelphia from July to November of the same year and returned to Charleston committed to the Quaker faith. After leaving Charleston, Angelina and Sarah traveled around New England speaking on the abolitionist circuit, at first addressing
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Feeling confined in her role, Sarah developed a connection to her family's slaves to an extent that unsettled her parents. From the time she was 12 years old, Sarah spent her Sunday afternoons teaching Bible classes to the young slaves on the plantation, an experience she found frustrating. While she
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In her first letter, dated
January 11, 1837, she states that she relies solely on Scripture because she believes "almost everything that has been written on this subject , has been the result of a misconception of simple truths revealed in the Scriptures" outlining a clear intent and purpose for the
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Sarah Grimké is categorized as not only an abolitionist but also a feminist because she challenged the
Society of Friends, which touted women's inclusion but denied her. It was through her abolitionist pursuits that she became more sensitive to the restrictions on women. She so opposed being subject
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As I left my native state on account of slavery, and deserted the home of my fathers to escape the sound of the lash and the shriek of tortured victims, I would gladly bury in oblivion the recollection of those scenes with which I have been familiar. But this cannot be. They come over my memory like
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using
Scripture to provide the benefits and power of this position. Sarah responded to this letter also with Scripture, encouraging women to take on a motto of 'The Lord is my light, and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?' She must feel,
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Sarah secretly taught Hetty, her personal enslaved girl, to read and write, but when her parents discovered the young tutor at work, the vehemence of her father's response proved alarming. He was furious and nearly had the young slave girl whipped. Fear of causing trouble for the slaves themselves
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Sarah Grimké's view on abolition is clear based on her activism, and she was a major female player in the abolition movement. These views were rooted in her Quaker faith, and she believed, similar to her sister, that slavery was contrary to God's will. Similarly, her views on women's rights were
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When the sisters were together in Philadelphia, they devoted themselves to charity work and to the Society of Friends (the proper name for the religion often called "Quaker"). Sarah began working toward becoming a clergy member but was continually discouraged by male members of the church. Sarah
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in 1836, Sarah originally felt that she had found the place where she truly belonged, in which her thoughts and ideas were encouraged. However, as she and Angelina began speaking not only on abolition but also on the importance of women's rights, they began to face much criticism. Their public
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It is in these letters that she discusses the wrongs done to women that are inconsistent with the Bible and gives advice on how women ought to combat these issues. This book was published in 1838, but her writings and letters, as well as her sister's, had been circulating for years due to the
280:. Despite her vehement objections, her father insisted that Sarah, then 26 years old, accompany him as his nursemaid. Sarah relented, and they left Charleston for the north in May, 1819. When Physick found he could not help, he suggested that they take in the sea air of the fishing village of
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gory spectres, and implore me, with resistless power, in the name of a God of mercy, in the name of a crucified Saviour, in the name of humanity, for the sake of the slaveholder as well as the slave, to bear witness to the horrors of the Southern prison-house.
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Sarah Moore Grimké was the author of the first developed public argument for women's equality. She worked to rid the United States of slavery, Christian churches which had become "unchristian," and prejudice against African Americans and women.
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reached thousands. In November, 1829, Angelina joined her sister in Philadelphia. They had long had a close relationship; for years, Angelina called Sarah "mother", as Sarah was both her godmother and primary caretaker.
264:; she converted in 1817. After moving to Philadelphia in 1821, she joined the Quakers, whom she had learned about in an earlier visit with her father. There, she became an outspoken advocate for education and
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quoted Sarah Grimké as saying "I ask for no favor for my sex. All I ask of our brethren is that they take their feet off our necks," when Ginsburg gave her first oral arguments to the Supreme Court in
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realized that, though the church was something she agreed with in theory, it was not delivering on its promises. It was around this time that anti-slavery rhetoric began entering public discourse.
326:, who went on to successful careers and marriages, and were leaders in the African-American community. John, the youngest, was not interested in formal education and returned to the South to live.
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Sarah Grimké used Scripture in most of her writings that demonstrated her dedication to the Quaker faith and her genuine belief in its compatibility with activism. In 1837 Sarah responded to a
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In 1868, Sarah discovered that her late brother had three illegitimate mixed-race sons by a "personal" enslaved woman. Welcoming them into the family, Sarah worked to provide funds to educate
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219:. Her father allowed Sarah to study geography, history, and mathematics from the books in his library, and to read his law books; however, he drew the line at her learning Latin.
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From her youth, Sarah believed that religion should take a more proactive role in improving the lives of those who suffered most. Her religious quest took her first to
1100:, whose earnest lives and fearless words, in demanding political rights for women, have been, in the preparation of these pages, a constant inspiration to the editors
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In November 2019, a newly reconstructed bridge over the Neponset River in Hyde Park was renamed for the Grimké sisters. It is now known as the Grimké Sisters Bridge.
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began to speak on the abolitionist lecture circuit, joining a tradition of women who had been speaking in public on political issues since colonial days, including
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As a result of this experience, Sarah became more self-assured, independent, and morally responsible. She decided she would not make her home in South Carolina:
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Sarah composed a series of letters regarding women and their place in society, specifically within the church, that were later compiled in to a book titled
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She stayed in Philadelphia a few months after her father died and met Israel Morris, who would introduce her to Quakerism, specifically the writings of
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Sarah Grimké – her parents sometimes called her "Sally"– was born in South Carolina, the sixth of 14 children and the second daughter of Mary Smith and
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Letters on the equality of the sexes, and the condition of woman. Addressed to Mary S. Parker, President of the Boston Female Anti-slavery Society
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Nelson, Robert K. (2004). "'The Forgetfulness of Sex': Devotion and Desire in the Courtship Letters of Angelina Grimké and Theodore Dwight Weld".
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In 1817 Sarah's father was seriously ill, and the doctors of Charleston recommended he travel to Philadelphia to consult Dr.
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and consequently often devoted herself to the poor and to women incarcerated in a nearby prison. Mary's beliefs were rigid.
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Harrold, Stanley (1996). The Abolitionists and the South, 1831–1861. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
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several arguments and ideas that they would need to help end slavery and begin the women's suffrage movement.
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Sarah's mother Mary was a dedicated homemaker and an active member in the community. She was a leader of the
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John Brown of Harper's Ferry : interesting correspondence between Mrs. Mason of Virginia and Mrs. Child
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Lumpkin, Shirley. "American Women Prose Writers: 1820–1870" in Hudock, Amy E. and Rodier, Katharine. (eds.)
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Grimké, Sarah. Letter addressed to Mary S. Parker, President of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, in
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1490:. New York: Schocken Books, 1971, and Cary, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
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and the importance of religion. (Thomas died young, and was described in an obituary as most proud of his
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and slave owner, an attorney and judge in South Carolina, and at one point Speaker of the
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443:. Papers of Sarah Grimké are held by the University of Texas Library, Austin, Texas. The
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Lift Up Thy Voice: The Grimke Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders
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women only in large parlors and small churches. Their speeches concerning abolition and
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1308:"'A tremendous legacy': capturing the life of Ruth Bader Ginsburg on film | Film"
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Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Women's Rights Movement.
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634:(1838)" is a poem by Melissa Range, published in the September 30, 2019, issue of
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Sarah's early experiences with education shaped her future as an abolitionist and
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The Grimké Sisters From South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition
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that reinforced Biblical interpretations supporting the role of females in the "
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1406:"SUNDAY BOOK REVIEW: Taking Flight: 'The Invention of Wings,' by Sue Monk Kidd"
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Let Her Speak for Herself: Nineteenth-Century Women Writing on Women in Genesis
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1114:. National Women's Hall of Fame (greatwomen.org). Retrieved April 11, 2015.
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In Memory. Angelina Grimké Weld [In Memory of Sarah Moore Grimké]
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1359:"Painted Bride productions on 19th century women touch familiar issues"
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Angelina Grimké : rhetoric, identity, and the radical imagination
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She returned to Charleston in the spring of 1827 to "save" her sister
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Claus Bernet (2010). "Sarah Moore Grimké". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.).
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Kerber, Linda K.; De Hart, Jane Sherron; Dayton, Cornelia Hughes;
910:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Ladies' Emancipation Society. pp. 5–6.
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v. 239. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. From Literature Resource Center
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The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimké: Selected Writings
579:; this was also said by an actress playing Ginsburg in the film
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The Power of Woman: The life and writings of Sarah Moore Grimké
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Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women
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840:. Vol. 10, no. 10. December 1834. pp. 289–291.
132:(November 26, 1792 – December 23, 1873) was an American
1441:(in German). Vol. 31. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 559–64.
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These volumes are affectionately inscribed to the memory of
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Letters on the Equality of Sexes and the Condition of Women.
1245:"Sarah Grimke, Letter in Response to the Pastoral Letter"
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A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in the Confederacy
1278:. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press.
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are featured prominently in the juvenile fiction book
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was published serially in a Massachusetts newspaper,
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Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
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367:. The letters were published in book form in 1838.
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1510:. Boston: "Printed Only for Private Circulation" .
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1380:"The Invention of Wings by Sue Monk Kidd – review"
1139:"City bridge named in honor of the Grimké sisters"
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937:. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
3692:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
599:The Grimké sisters appear as main characters in
344:An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States.
800:Taylor, Marion Ann and Heather E. Weir (2006).
541:An epistle to the clergy of the southern states
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1544:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
821:February 2000. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
423:The papers of the Grimké family are in the
404:Her writings gave suffrage workers such as
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813:Sandra F. VanBurkleo, and Mary Jo Miles.
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1125:"Grimké, Sarah | Women of the Hall"
881:2009-07-24 at the Portuguese Web Archive
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206:South Carolina House of Representatives
3687:People from Charleston, South Carolina
1459:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1404:Bernejan, Suzanne (January 24, 2014).
224:Charleston's Ladies Benevolent Society
136:, widely held to be the mother of the
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1018:"History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I"
7:
874:Letters on the Equality of the Sexes
750:Angelina Grimké — Voice of Abolition
656:List of suffragists and suffragettes
431:. The Weld–Grimké papers are in the
3702:19th-century American women writers
819:American National Biography Online,
1522:Picture and biographic information
515:publications of their writings in
25:
1734:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
804:, Baylor University Press, p. 42.
425:South Carolina Historical Society
268:for African Americans and women.
789:Dictionary of Literary Biography
621:is based on Sarah Grimké's life.
113:
42:
3697:Women in the American Civil War
2804:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
1538:"Grimké, John Faucheraud"
1466:. Nashville: Cumberland House.
624:"The Grimké Sisters at Work on
357:, and immediately reprinted in
2483:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
832:"The Hon. Thomas Smith Grimke"
82:Abolitionist, writer, feminist
1:
3722:People from Hyde Park, Boston
3707:19th-century American writers
1584:National Women's Hall of Fame
1157:Boston Women's Heritage Trail
475:Boston Women's Heritage Trail
465:National Women's Hall of Fame
376:American Anti-Slavery Society
2830:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
1337:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
666:Timeline of women's suffrage
447:holds 5 letters from her to
156:, as did her younger sister
152:, in the 1820s and became a
3013:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
2417:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
1527:"Sarah and Angelina Grimké"
1209:. Oxford University Press.
1205:, eds. (February 4, 2015).
481:Views on faith and creation
433:William L. Clements Library
144:to a prominent and wealthy
3738:
2569:Katharine Dexter McCormick
1867:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
596:(1975) by Betty Underwood.
429:Charleston, South Carolina
382:In 1838, Angelina married
374:Joining her sister in the
333:
226:. Mary was also an active
200:. Their father was a rich
150:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
122:
57:Charleston, South Carolina
3459:
3448:
3131:
3120:
2636:
2625:
2427:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
1961:
1950:
1792:
1781:
1601:
1590:
1480:. Mercer University Press
1476:Durso, Pamela R. (2003).
1462:Downing, David C. (2007)
1333:Underwood, Betty (1975).
990:(3): 663–679, at p. 666.
983:Journal of Social History
748:Todras, Ellen H. (1999).
631:American Slavery As It Is
457:History of Woman Suffrage
138:women's suffrage movement
112:
41:
2658:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
2468:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
2241:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
1530:Freedom: A History of Us
1335:The Forge and the Forest
609:Painted Bride Art Center
594:The Forge and the Forest
272:Becoming an abolitionist
73:Hyde Park, Massachusetts
3148:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
3038:Catherine Filene Shouse
2891:Patricia Roberts Harris
2529:Mary Steichen Calderone
2397:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
2266:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
2070:Martha Wright Griffiths
1455:Ceplair, Larry (1989).
588:The Grimké sisters and
576:Frontiero v. Richardson
282:Long Branch, New Jersey
3717:American Presbyterians
3652:American abolitionists
3094:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
2589:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
2453:Frances Xavier Cabrini
2367:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
2145:Ellen Swallow Richards
2115:Constance Baker Motley
1765:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
1698:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1486:Lerner, Gerda (1971),
1112:"Angelina Grimké Weld"
890:Ceplair (1989), p. xv.
619:The Invention of Wings
607:, commissioned by the
523:William Lloyd Garrison
437:University of Michigan
410:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
365:William Lloyd Garrison
294:
198:John Faucheraud Grimké
178:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
91:John Faucheraud Grimké
3672:Converts to Quakerism
3608:Anna Wessels Williams
3295:Carlotta Walls LaNier
3028:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
2886:Martha Matilda Harper
2850:Mary Engle Pennington
2688:Frances Oldham Kelsey
2473:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
2226:Jane Cunningham Croly
2155:Katherine Siva Saubel
2050:Marian Wright Edelman
1973:Margaret Bourke-White
1898:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1363:Philadelphia Inquirer
1058:Josephine S. Griffing
996:10.1353/jsh.2004.0018
933:Ritchie, Joy (2001).
862:Lerner (1998), p. 25.
148:family, she moved to
140:. Born and reared in
27:American abolitionist
3677:Feminism and history
3667:Quaker abolitionists
3305:Mary Harriman Rumsey
3143:St. Katharine Drexel
2987:Mary Burnett Talbert
2982:Blanche Stuart Scott
2967:Mother Marianne Cope
2947:Ruth Fulton Benedict
2906:Mildred Robbins Leet
2604:Angelina Grimké Weld
2478:Maria Goeppert Mayer
2448:Charlotte Anne Bunch
2025:Antoinette Blackwell
2004:Gertrude Belle Elion
1934:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
1703:Helen Brooke Taussig
1693:Margaret Chase Smith
1357:Salisbury, Stephen.
1141:. November 15, 2019.
1098:Paulina Wright Davis
626:Theodore Dwight Weld
590:Theodore Dwight Weld
454:The first volume of
449:Sarah Mapps Douglass
324:Francis James Grimké
3522:Rebecca S. Halstead
3496:Mary Church Terrell
3183:Barbara A. Mikulski
2911:Patsy Takemoto Mink
2896:Stephanie L. Kwolek
2835:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
2809:Emily Howell Warner
2754:Dorothy H. Andersen
2728:Annie Dodge Wauneka
2723:Mary Edwards Walker
2648:Faye Glenn Abdellah
2579:Edith Nourse Rogers
2559:Shirley Ann Jackson
2534:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
2412:Sandra Day O'Connor
2392:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1988:Florence B. Seibert
1825:Carrie Chapman Catt
1755:Juliette Gordon Low
1638:Elizabeth Blackwell
1633:Mary McLeod Bethune
1378:(January 5, 2014).
1030:Mary Wollstonecraft
815:Grimké, Sarah Moore
661:History of feminism
571:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
445:Library of Congress
441:Ann Arbor, Michigan
330:Activism and legacy
278:Philip Syng Physick
96:Thomas Smith Grimké
3657:American feminists
3481:Barbara Rose Johns
3432:Flossie Wong-Staal
3407:Nicole Malachowski
3336:Lorraine Hansberry
3280:Marcia Greenberger
3234:Mary Joseph Rogers
3173:Coretta Scott King
3158:Abby Kelley Foster
3074:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
2962:Rita Rossi Colwell
2738:Frances E. Willard
2574:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2524:Lydia Moss Bradley
2509:Madeleine Albright
2402:Nannerl O. Keohane
2372:Anne Dallas Dudley
2301:Betty Bone Schiess
2271:Susette La Flesche
2256:Zora Neale Hurston
2251:Helen LaKelly Hunt
2175:Madam C. J. Walker
2090:Mary Putnam Jacobi
2040:Jacqueline Cochran
2020:Ethel Percy Andrus
1888:Barbara McClintock
1270:Browne, Stephen H.
1070:Mariana W. Johnson
970:, pp. 36, 68, 160.
902:Child, Lydia Maria
837:African Repository
564:In popular culture
130:Sarah Moore Grimké
36:Sarah Moore Grimké
18:Sarah Moore Grimke
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3583:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3578:Elouise P. Cobell
3542:Katherine Johnson
3512:Octavia E. Butler
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3351:Clare Boothe Luce
3163:Helen Murray Free
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
2977:Patricia A. Locke
2942:Florence E. Allen
2926:Sheila E. Widnall
2871:Linda G. Alvarado
2855:Mercy Otis Warren
2814:Victoria Woodhull
2799:Barbara Holdridge
2794:Beatrice A. Hicks
2769:Lydia Maria Child
2683:Leontine T. Kelly
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2443:Louisa May Alcott
2357:Mary Breckinridge
2236:Geraldine Ferraro
2221:Annie Jump Cannon
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1683:Eleanor Roosevelt
1582:Inductees to the
1472:978-1-58182-587-9
1448:978-3-88309-544-8
1285:978-0-87013-897-3
1203:Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun
1046:Lydia Maria Child
1042:Harriet Martineau
1023:Project Gutenberg
956:Million, Joelle,
544:. New York. 1836.
533:Links to writings
121:
120:
66:December 23, 1873
54:November 26, 1792
16:(Redirected from
3729:
3712:Quaker feminists
3662:American Quakers
3461:
3450:
3417:Louise Slaughter
3341:Victoria Jackson
3300:Philippa Marrack
3285:Barbara Iglewski
3193:Kathrine Switzer
3188:Donna E. Shalala
3133:
3122:
3079:Allie B. Latimer
3059:Louise Bourgeois
3033:Judith L. Pipher
2840:Katharine Graham
2784:Marian de Forest
2703:Anna Howard Shaw
2653:Emma Smith DeVoe
2638:
2627:
2539:Joan Ganz Cooney
2463:Oveta Culp Hobby
2458:Mary A. Hallaren
2321:Sarah Winnemucca
2190:Gloria Yerkovich
2185:Rosalyn S. Yalow
2140:Jeannette Rankin
2120:Georgia O'Keeffe
2075:Fannie Lou Hamer
2035:Shirley Chisholm
1983:Billie Jean King
1963:
1952:
1914:Gwendolyn Brooks
1794:
1783:
1623:Susan B. Anthony
1603:
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1365:(April 26, 2013)
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752:. Linnet Books.
745:
739:
738:
722:
709:
611:in Philadelphia.
559:
545:
320:Archibald Grimké
241:Sarah's brother
174:Susan B. Anthony
170:Hannah Griffitts
117:
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46:
32:
21:
3737:
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3630:
3617:
3613:Serena Williams
3556:
3500:
3486:Henrietta Lacks
3476:Barbara Hillary
3471:Aretha Franklin
3455:
3436:
3422:Sonia Sotomayor
3375:
3314:
3265:Tenley Albright
3253:
3239:Bernice Sandler
3197:
3178:Lilly Ledbetter
3153:Loretta C. Ford
3127:
3108:
3047:
3043:Henrietta Szold
3003:Eleanor K. Baum
2991:
2957:Hillary Clinton
2930:
2881:Gertrude Ederle
2876:Donna de Varona
2859:
2818:
2764:Rosalynn Carter
2742:
2718:Wilma L. Vaught
2673:Crystal Eastman
2668:Sylvia A. Earle
2632:
2613:
2609:Chien-Shiung Wu
2584:Felice Schwartz
2554:Julia Ward Howe
2497:
2488:Maria Tallchief
2431:
2387:Margaret Fuller
2382:Ella Fitzgerald
2377:Mary Baker Eddy
2330:
2286:Antonia Novello
2261:Anne Hutchinson
2194:
2135:Esther Peterson
2110:Wilma Mankiller
2030:Emily Blackwell
2008:
1992:
1957:
1938:
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1876:
1855:
1834:
1830:Frances Perkins
1813:
1809:Sojourner Truth
1804:Margaret Sanger
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1658:Emily Dickinson
1618:Marian Anderson
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1094:Lydia F. Fowler
1066:Harriot K. Hunt
1054:Angelina Grimké
1050:Margaret Fuller
1016:
1015:
1011:
979:
978:
974:
962:Praeger, 2003.
955:
951:
947:Ceplair (1989).
946:
942:
935:Available Means
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247:Yale Law School
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101:Angelina Grimké
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3682:Grimké family
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3326:Matilda Cuomo
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3310:Eleanor Smeal
3308:
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3275:Martha Graham
3273:
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3270:Nancy Brinker
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3256:
3250:
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3244:Anna Schwartz
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3104:Kate Stoneman
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3099:Susan Solomon
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3023:Winona LaDuke
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3006:
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2952:Betty Bumpers
2950:
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2921:Anne Sullivan
2919:
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2789:Althea Gibson
2787:
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2599:Florence Wald
2597:
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2594:Beverly Sills
2592:
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2564:Shannon Lucid
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2422:Pat Schroeder
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2316:Oprah Winfrey
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2296:Wilma Rudolph
2294:
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2216:Myra Bradwell
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2201:
2197:
2191:
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2176:
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2171:
2168:
2166:
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2150:Elaine Roulet
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
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2128:
2126:
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2121:
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2060:Betty Friedan
2058:
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
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1995:
1989:
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1981:
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1968:
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1949:
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1851:Lucretia Mott
1849:
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1729:Margaret Mead
1727:
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1724:Abigail Adams
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1648:Rachel Carson
1646:
1644:
1643:Pearl S. Buck
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1497:
1496:0-19-510603-2
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1329:
1326:
1314:. May 3, 2018
1313:
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1300:
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1249:users.wfu.edu
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1216:9780199349364
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1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Lucretia Mott
1035:
1031:
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1024:
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1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
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989:
985:
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968:0-275-97877-X
965:
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944:
941:
936:
929:
926:
923:Lerner (1998)
920:
918:
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908:
903:
896:
893:
887:
884:
880:
877:
875:
868:
865:
859:
856:
853:Durso (2003).
850:
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827:
824:
820:
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797:
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734:0-14-200103-1
730:
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623:
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616:
615:Sue Monk Kidd
613:
610:
606:
603:'s 2013 play
602:
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584:
583:
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557:
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524:
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518:The Liberator
513:
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459:
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421:
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414:Lucretia Mott
411:
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398:
396:
392:
387:
385:
384:Theodore Weld
380:
377:
372:
368:
366:
362:
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360:The Liberator
356:
355:The Spectator
352:
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252:
251:Enlightenment
248:
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97:
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85:
81:
77:
74:
65:
61:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3598:Loretta Ross
3573:Ruby Bridges
3517:Judy Chicago
3412:Rose O'Neill
3392:Angela Davis
3371:Alice Waters
3366:Janet Rowley
3361:Carol Mutter
3249:Emma Willard
3229:Nancy Pelosi
3224:Kate Millett
3089:Ruth Patrick
3084:Emma Lazarus
3069:Karen DeCrow
3064:Mildred Cohn
2759:Lucille Ball
2733:Eudora Welty
2708:Sophia Smith
2693:Kate Mullany
2549:Sarah Grimké
2548:
2514:Maya Angelou
2347:Ann Bancroft
2326:Fanny Wright
2246:Grace Hopper
2170:Lillian Wald
2125:Annie Oakley
2105:Mary Mahoney
1929:Mary Risteau
1919:Willa Cather
1872:Bessie Smith
1750:Dorothea Dix
1678:Helen Keller
1653:Mary Cassatt
1628:Clara Barton
1542:
1529:
1506:
1487:
1477:
1463:
1456:
1436:
1427:Bibliography
1426:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1384:The Observer
1383:
1376:Sethi, Anita
1370:
1362:
1353:
1334:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:The Guardian
1311:
1302:
1274:
1264:
1254:November 25,
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1233:
1206:
1196:
1182:
1177:
1156:
1147:
1133:
1119:
1107:
1052:, Sarah and
1027:
1021:
1012:
987:
981:
975:
958:
952:
943:
934:
928:
906:
895:
886:
873:
867:
858:
835:
826:
818:
809:
801:
796:
788:
749:
743:
723:. New York:
718:
676:
675:
635:
629:
618:
605:If She Stood
604:
593:
580:
574:
550:
540:
527:
516:
511:
509:
498:
490:
488:
484:
472:
469:
462:
455:
453:
422:
418:
403:
399:
388:
381:
373:
369:
358:
354:
348:
342:
339:
317:
304:
300:John Woolman
297:
295:
290:
286:
275:
259:
240:
236:
232:
228:Episcopalian
221:
210:
195:
134:abolitionist
129:
128:
68:(1873-12-23)
29:
3647:1873 deaths
3642:1792 births
3603:Sandy Stone
3547:Indra Nooyi
3219:Julie Krone
3018:Swanee Hunt
3008:Julia Child
2972:Maya Y. Lin
2845:Bertha Holt
2779:Dorothy Day
2713:Ida Tarbell
2678:Jeanne Holm
2407:Maggie Kuhn
2206:Bella Abzug
2095:Mae Jemison
2065:Ella Grasso
2055:Alice Evans
2045:Ruth Colvin
1673:Helen Hayes
1613:Jane Addams
1188:Isaac Knapp
1082:Ann Preston
1078:Phebe Carey
556:Isaac Knapp
389:During the
217:harpsichord
162:The sisters
3636:Categories
3402:Jane Fonda
3397:Sarah Deer
3209:Betty Ford
2698:Janet Reno
2544:Gerty Cori
2519:Nellie Bly
2211:Ella Baker
2130:Rosa Parks
1924:Sally Ride
1893:Lucy Stone
1760:Alice Paul
1318:August 12,
1186:. Boston:
1153:"Downtown"
1086:Lydia Mott
759:0208024859
672:References
637:The Nation
601:Ain Gordon
554:. Boston:
406:Lucy Stone
334:See also:
192:Early life
123:See also:
79:Occupation
3532:Joy Harjo
3454:2020–2029
3126:2010–2019
2916:Sacagawea
2663:Mary Dyer
2631:2000–2009
2100:Mary Lyon
1956:1990–1999
1787:1980–1989
1596:1970–1979
1415:April 23,
1389:April 23,
1225:963703406
1004:144261184
391:Civil War
347:In 1837,
108:Signature
98:(brother)
87:Relatives
3527:Mia Hamm
1504:(1880).
1294:44957270
1272:(1999).
1180:(1838).
1096:, M.D.,
1084:, M.D.,
1068:, M.D.,
904:(1860).
879:Archived
715:(2002).
645:See also
569:In 1973
506:Writings
307:Angelina
266:suffrage
245:went to
213:feminist
158:Angelina
103:(sister)
93:(father)
1547:. 1900.
585:(2018).
558:. 1838.
202:planter
146:planter
1494:
1470:
1445:
1341:
1292:
1282:
1223:
1213:
1002:
966:
756:
731:
497:" only
243:Thomas
180:, and
154:Quaker
1532:(PBS)
1074:Alice
1000:S2CID
677:Notes
255:piety
3561:2024
3505:2022
3464:2020
3380:2019
3319:2017
3258:2015
3202:2013
3136:2011
3052:2009
2996:2007
2935:2005
2864:2003
2823:2002
2747:2001
2641:2000
2502:1998
2436:1996
2335:1995
2199:1994
2013:1993
1997:1991
1966:1990
1907:1988
1881:1986
1860:1984
1839:1983
1818:1982
1797:1981
1743:1979
1717:1976
1606:1973
1492:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1417:2014
1391:2014
1339:ISBN
1320:2018
1290:OCLC
1280:ISBN
1256:2018
1221:OCLC
1211:ISBN
1076:and
964:ISBN
754:ISBN
729:ISBN
412:and
322:and
63:Died
51:Born
992:doi
628:'s
582:RBG
521:by
3638::
1541:.
1408:.
1382:.
1361:,
1310:.
1288:.
1247:.
1219:.
1165:^
1155:.
1092:,
1088:,
1080:,
1072:,
1064:,
1060:,
1056:,
1048:,
1044:,
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