419:, in 1815. He had been in the United States since at least 1810. He died in 1824. There were three sons and two daughters of the marriage, the eldest son Robert Holmes Lawrence dying young. One of the sons was Philip Henry Lawrence (1822–1895). He was brought up by the Lawrence sisters, his aunts, as was his brother Nathaniel Tertius Lawrence. Mary Lawrence, one of the daughters, might be confused with her aunt of the same name. Sarah Frances, the other daughter, married in 1837 William Talbot, a solicitor in
390:
79:
401:. They lived at 2 Warwick Place. Jane Lawrence died in 1842. Sarah Lawrence died, at home in Warwick Place, on 20 July 1859. Harriet (given as "Harriette") died there on 10 March 1863. Mary Lawrence who died at Warwick Place, Leamington Spa, a few weeks later, formerly of "The Grange, Gatacre", presumably, was her sister.
209:
The background of
Dorothy Nicholson (1803–1893) who attended the Lawrences' school was nonconformist, mercantile and politically radical: her father Thomas Nicholson (1753–1825) of Gorton Hall was a cousin of Frances Nicholson (died 1829), Shepherd's wife, daughter of the Liverpool merchant Robert
86:
After the death of her parents
Nathaniel and Mary, Sarah Lawrence, described as "a writer, poet and good Horatian scholar", with other members of her family founded a school for girls in Gatacre near Liverpool in 1807; she became the principal. It built up a good reputation. There was an existing
51:, who married in 1777 Mary Johnson. The family belonged to the congregation of the Old Meeting House on Worcester Street. Nathaniel was a chapel warden in 1785. Both the Old Meeting House, and the New Meeting House on Moor Street, were destroyed in the first phase of the 1791
1551:
Life of Sir
William Rowan Hamilton: Knt., LL. D., D. C. L., M. R. I. A., Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University of Dublin, and Royal Astronomer of Ireland, Etc. Etc.: Including Selections from His Poems, Correspondence, and Miscellaneous
277:. kept a diary, in which Mary Crompton (the wife of Peter Crompton), her daughter, and Sarah Lawrence appear as a group of visitors in August 1805, and in October 1809. The first occasion is noted as "Miss Lawrence". Sara Coleridge, wife of
1887:
1812:
252:, who died when she was two. Born in London, she attended the school for about 15 months around 1833, finding it an austere, strict place with only cold water to wash in, of around 40 girl boarders. In the early history of
998:
58:
In 1793 Nathaniel
Lawrence lost his business in a financial slump. A Nathaniel Lawrence of Birmingham declared bankrupt that year was a wine merchant. Mary Lawrence and her daughters set up a girls' school in Birmingham.
66:, as did other sisters, Sarah among them. Mary's plan was that her daughters should spend time in other families, coming together later in a family-run school. In Sarah's case, she was a governess in the household of
292:, who had met Catherine at the Cromptons, wrote to his sister that "Miss L is a singularly interesting girl", and that "Holmes is expected in England to take away Miss Emmet" from the school. Eliza married in 1810
149:
After a generation Sarah
Lawrence's school suffered from financial limitations and parsimony, and it was taken over in 1839, transferred to the Misses Holland. By this time, there was a fashionable boys'
95:
186:
Helen Bourn (1797–1871), a pupil at the school, came from a "distinguished middle-class family", but also one with a long tradition of nonconformist ministry, from her great-grandfather
194:; her mother was Ellen Gaskell. Her father made difficulties about her first marriage, requiring that her fiancé should give up his medical career and move to north-west England as a
1320:
Annals of Hyde and district : containing historical reminiscences of Denton, Haughton, Dukinfield, Mottram, Longdendale, Bredbury, Marple, and the neighbouring townships
91:. Together, in early decades of the 19th century, the two schools at Gateacre were "where the sons and daughters of the merchant aristocracy of Liverpool were educated".
1242:
307:
In 1825 there were five surviving sisters, Eliza and
Frances having died as adults: in order of age, Sarah, Mary, Arabella, Jane, and Harriet, none of whom married.
1945:
114:
school founded by the Swiss educator Carl
Voelker. Sarah Lawrence subscribed to the 1823 book of sermons of Henry Turner (died 1822), minister of the Unitarian
122:, as did Miss Benton of Gateacre, who in 1815 was advertising a preparatory school for boys 5 to 15 there, giving Shepherd, the Miss Lawrences and the Rev.
1755:
The
Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A.: Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint; who was Ejected Therefrom by the Act of Uniformity in 1662
296:, Catherine's great-uncle, as his second wife, and died in 1811. Catherine, after a short period in the United States, then went to live with
1841:
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1089:
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591:
480:
297:
151:
1723:
The Ogden family in
America, Elizabethtown branch, and their English ancestry; John Ogden, the Pilgrim, and his descendants, 1640-1906
1336:
1170:
818:
342:, though they are in Lawrence's hand. It was in a letter to Sarah that Arthur described the last days of Anna Letitia, his aunt.
315:, by Sarah. This was in 1832 at the end of Coleridge's life: he replied to a letter from Sarah recalling memories of her and
218:; and she had early memories of the chant "Roscoe for ever!" of 1807. Dorothy was given tuition in the classics by Shepherd.
393:
Memorial inscription from 1863 to Sarah
Lawrence and her parents, and family members, in the Old Meeting House, Birmingham
230:
123:
1155:
404:
441:. Laura Frances, eldest daughter of Nathaniel Tertius Lawrence, married in 1884 Henry Turton Norton, and was mother of
768:
407:
died at home, in Warwick Place, Leamington Spa, on 13 August 1873. She was the last survivor of the Lawrence sisters.
88:
1935:
360:(1844) Sarah worked on this project, which began with a family tree made by Helen Martineau, from about 1840, with
293:
1686:
1668:
1432:
1382:
1223:
1060:
980:
962:
499:
47:. Sarah was one of nine daughters and two sons (two daughters and one son dying young) of Nathaniel Lawrence of
446:
285:
226:
225:, attended the school. She was the daughter of John Ashton (1777–1845), a Unitarian and cotton manufacturer in
187:
361:
327:
312:
278:
253:
241:
155:
1468:
1451:
1318:
752:
1940:
308:
245:
1485:
1160:
442:
339:
175:
131:
1721:
389:
170:
The Hollands' school was called at this point Gateacre School. They left it around 1863. On the site,
82:
Reproduction of a plaque for Sarah Lawrence's parents and others, in the Old Meeting House, Birmingham
1930:
1925:
270:
256:, she served as Secretary to the Lady Visitors, a group of board members responsible for discipline.
190:. She was an only child, her father Joseph Bourn being in business, probably textiles, and living in
159:
115:
437:
the politician was the daughter of Nathaniel Tertius Lawrence and his wife Laura Bacon, daughter of
78:
438:
365:
127:
1796:
1618:
215:
171:
111:
338:. Manuscripts from the correspondence with Martineau contain poems that have been attributed to
1857:
1837:
1831:
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335:
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875:
722:
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617:
564:
547:
1341:
929:
823:
143:
44:
19:(1780–1859) was an English educator, writer and literary editor. She ran a girls' school in
331:
289:
191:
52:
1726:. Philadelphia, Printed for private circulation by J.B. Lippincott company. p. 104.
415:
Sarah's brother Nathaniel Lawrence the younger married Francis Sarah Ogden, daughter of
1603:
The Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A., Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint
549:
The Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A., Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint
434:
430:
398:
358:
The Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A., Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint
316:
222:
103:
67:
1919:
420:
416:
203:
28:
1159:
648:. Published ... according to Act of Parliament, for John Hinton. 1793. p. 397.
323:
211:
40:
39:
The Lawrence family were self-consciously descendants, in the fifth generation, of
1353:
1203:
835:
1652:
1635:
1601:
1584:
521:
433:, was the daughter of Philip Henry Lawrence and his first wife Charlotte Bailey;
281:, visited the Cromptons and then the Lawrences in Birmingham at the end of 1806.
234:
70:
of Eton House, a radical physician and anti-corruption campaigner in Liverpool.
1345:
827:
102:
families. The Lawrences' school has been considered Unitarian, in a group with
1165:
751:
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor; Coleridge, Ernest Hartley; Coburn, Kathleen (1895).
301:
119:
48:
24:
1019:
Entrepreneurial Ventures in Chemistry: The Muspratts of Liverpool, 1793-1934
139:
135:
63:
1720:
Wheeler, William Ogden; Van Alstyne, Lawrence; Ogden, Charles Burr (1907).
221:
Jane Ashton (1806–1884) from the Manchester area, maternal grandmother of
1266:
Selected Journal Entries by Beatrix Potter - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)
583:
The Nonconformist Revolution: Religious dissent, innovation and rebellion
99:
20:
904:
Nineteenth-century English Religious Traditions: Retrospect and Prospect
724:
Educating Women: Schooling and Identity in England and France, 1800-1867
692:
Educating Women: Schooling and Identity in England and France, 1800-1867
1908:
1758:. Simpkin, Marshall, and Company John Merridew, Leamington. p. 25.
792:
Hope Deferred (Routledge Revivals): Girls' Education in English History
364:. The Sharpes were introduced to the Lawrence sisters by the family of
195:
107:
1188:
The Lives of Eminent Unitarians: With a Notice of Dissenting Academies
388:
284:
Eliza Lawrence took care of Catherine Emmet, orphaned daughter of
77:
1205:
Forgotten Prophets : the lives of unitarian women, 1760-1904
566:
Memorials of the Old Meeting House and Burial Ground, Birmingham
130:
in 1828, Voelker and Staehle used as references Sarah Lawrence,
87:
successful school in Gateacre, run by the Unitarian minister
62:
Eliza, the eldest daughter, at this time spent a period as a
1078:
Costambeys, Marios; Hamer, Andrew J.; Heale, Martin (2007).
229:, and his wife Harriot or Harriet Booth; and the sister of
1473:. Edinburgh: Printed for private circulation. p. 147.
1456:. Edinburgh: Printed for private circulation. p. 104.
1586:
Stories Selected from the History of Greece, for Children
851:
The View from the Pulpit: Victorian Ministers and Society
352:
Stories Selected from the History of Greece, for Children
138:. Another successful founder of a Unitarian school, near
55:, on the orders of an under-sheriff and two magistrates.
23:
near Liverpool, and was a family friend of the Aikins of
1620:
Samuel Sharpe, egyptologist and translator of the Bible;
1212:(Thesis). Newcastle University. pp. 1–23, 103, 120.
754:
Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge : in two volumes
1111:
Samuel Sharpe: Egyptologist and Translator of the Bible
240:
Catharine Aikin (Kitty, c.1819–1908) was a daughter of
198:
manufacturer. She married Thomas Martineau, brother of
1046:
The Life & Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe
877:
Gender, Power and the Unitarians in England, 1760-1860
662:
Gender, Power and the Unitarians in England, 1760-1860
619:
Gender, Power and the Unitarians in England, 1760-1860
1769:
Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy (2000).
1637:
The Laurel: Fugitive Poetry of the Nineteenth Century
372:
The Laurel: Fugitive Poetry of the Nineteenth Century
1772:
The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z
1484:
Coleridge, Sara Coleridge; Coleridge, Edith (1875).
1323:. Manchester: Cartwright & Rattray. p. 153.
769:"Liverpool 1820-1832, History of Parliament Online"
1910:Nathaniel Lawrence Family of Liverpool, Lancashire
1402:Georgian Chronicle: Mrs. Barbauld & Her Family
1369:Georgian Chronicle: Mrs. Barbauld & Her Family
1876:. Vol. XXVI. W. Metcalfe. 1906. p. 213.
1523:Drennan, William; McTier, Martha Drennan (1998).
552:. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co. p. 25.
1470:Reynolds-Rathbone diaries and letters, 1753-1839
1453:Reynolds-Rathbone diaries and letters, 1753-1839
981:"Education in the Classics and Modern Languages"
907:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 111 note.
645:The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure
1623:. London, K. Paul, Trench & co. p. 87.
1081:The Making of the Middle Ages: Liverpool Essays
757:. London : William Heinemann. p. 758.
397:Leaving Gateacre in 1839, the sisters moved to
233:. She married John Leech, a cotton merchant in
154:at Gateacre, run by Miss Hunt, and attended by
1174:. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
330:and family. She corresponded with Arthur, and
1555:. Hodges, Figgis, & Company. p. 191.
1049:. Macmillan and Company, limited. p. 14.
931:Sir John Brunner: Radical Plutocrat 1842-1919
816:Webb, R. K. "Shepherd, William (1768–1847)".
716:
714:
712:
98:might do so tacitly, and attract pupils from
8:
1801:. Office of The Law times. 1888. p. 87.
1340:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1114:. K. Paul, Trench & Company. p. 87.
822:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
746:
744:
684:
682:
94:Schools of this time run in accordance with
1862:. Law Newspaper Company. 1860. p. 571.
1084:. Liverpool University Press. p. 223.
1509:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times
1334:Taylor, Judy. "Potter , (Helen) Beatrix".
1103:
1101:
721:Bellaigue, Christina de (16 August 2007).
689:Bellaigue, Christina de (16 August 2007).
515:
513:
494:
492:
464:
462:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1243:"The Diary of Hannah Lightbody 1786/1770"
1150:
1148:
469:Barbauld, Anna Letitia (1 January 1994).
1833:A Historical Dictionary of British Women
1527:. Women's History Project. p. 635.
963:"Preparatory School for Young Gentlemen"
423:; they had four sons and two daughters.
1337:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
819:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
784:
782:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
458:
126:as references. Advertising a school in
1061:"Memories of Miss Holland at Gateacre"
586:. Pen and Sword History. p. 192.
311:was given a letter of introduction to
1946:People from Birmingham, West Midlands
1775:. Taylor & Francis. p. 754.
1606:. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
1525:The Drennan-McTier Letters: 1802-1819
1490:. London : H.S. King. p. 7.
1296:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 20.
322:Sarah Lawrence was a close friend of
27:, and an associate of members of the
7:
1859:The Solicitors' Journal and Reporter
1487:Memoir and letters of Sara Coleridge
853:. Macmillan of Canada. p. 216.
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
1572:. Vol. I. Hodges. p. 535.
1415:Schools Inquiry Commission (1868).
928:Koss, Stephen E. (2 October 1970).
429:, founder with her half-sisters of
1888:"Norton, Henry Turton (NRTN865HT)"
1569:Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton
472:The Poems of Anna Letitia Barbauld
134:and the Rev. Augustus Campbell of
14:
1836:. Psychology Press. p. 269.
789:Kamm, Josephine (16 April 2010).
773:www.historyofparliamentonline.org
580:Thomas, Amanda J. (30 May 2020).
526:. London: Batsford. p. xxix.
248:, and his wife Anne, daughter of
1813:"Lawrence, Penelope (LWRN876Pw)"
1741:. The School. p. 14 note 2.
1566:Graves, Robert Perceval (1882).
1548:Graves, Robert Perceval (1882).
1387:Hampstead & Highgate Express
1293:Beatrix Potter: A Life in Nature
1263:Potter, Beatrix (17 July 2017).
1171:Dictionary of National Biography
1125:Kenyon, Olga (21 October 2011).
563:Beale, Catherine Hutton (1882).
374:(1841), editor of the anthology.
1709:. Elm House. 1873. p. 138.
1617:Clayden, Peter William (1883).
1506:Madden, Richard Robert (1860).
1269:. Delphi Classics. p. 15.
1108:Clayden, Peter William (1883).
999:"Campbell, Augustus (CMBL803A)"
475:. University of Georgia Press.
1737:Zouche, Dorothy E. De (1955).
1043:Roscoe, Henry Enfield (1906).
987:. 24 November 1828. p. 1.
969:. 15 November 1816. p. 1.
727:. OUP Oxford. pp. 79–80.
210:Nicholson (1727–1779) who was
1:
1467:Greg, Emily Rathbone (1905).
1450:Greg, Emily Rathbone (1905).
1389:. 31 October 1908. p. 5.
1191:. Unitarian Soc. p. 334.
1131:. History Press. p. 96.
1675:. 24 March 1863. p. 10.
1404:. Methuen. pp. 262–263.
1400:Aikin-Sneath, Betsy (1958).
1367:Aikin-Sneath, Betsy (1958).
1354:UK public library membership
1290:Lear, Linda (6 March 2008).
1128:800 Years of Women's Letters
1016:Reed, Peter (9 March 2016).
836:UK public library membership
275:The Diary of Lady Willoughby
182:Pupils and their backgrounds
1892:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1817:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1706:The Illustrated London News
1693:. 21 April 1863. p. 3.
1439:. 15 April 1865. p. 8.
1418:Report of the Commissioners
1067:. 25 March 1903. p. 3.
1003:A Cambridge Alumni Database
874:Watts, Ruth (6 June 2014).
659:Watts, Ruth (6 June 2014).
616:Watts, Ruth (6 June 2014).
523:William Roscoe of Liverpool
202:, was widowed, and married
1962:
1894:. University of Cambridge.
1819:. University of Cambridge.
1512:. James Duffy. p. 20.
1317:Middleton, Thomas (1899).
1230:. 3 April 1893. p. 4.
1005:. University of Cambridge.
849:Phillips, Paul T. (1978).
795:. Routledge. p. 101.
695:. OUP Oxford. p. 48.
506:. 25 July 1859. p. 3.
263:
1739:Roedean School, 1885-1955
1202:Peart, Ann Sonja (2006).
1022:. Routledge. p. 48.
934:. CUP Archive. p. 3.
880:. Routledge. p. 53.
665:. Routledge. p. 86.
622:. Routledge. p. 54.
520:Chandler, George (1953).
447:Henry Turton James Norton
178:Gatacre Grange, in 1866.
1752:Lawrence, Sarah (1844).
1651:Lawrence, Sarah (1847).
1634:Lawrence, Sarah (1841).
1600:Lawrence, Sarah (1844).
1583:Lawrence, Sarah (1820).
1433:"The Education of Girls"
1383:"Death of Miss C. Aikin"
1185:Turner, William (1843).
546:Lawrence, Sarah (1844).
286:Christopher Temple Emmet
188:Samuel Bourn the younger
1830:Hartley, Cathy (2003).
1371:. Methuen. p. 184.
328:Charles Rochemont Aikin
313:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
279:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
254:Bedford College, London
242:Charles Rochemont Aikin
156:Edmund Knowles Muspratt
1346:10.1093/ref:odnb/35584
1161:"Tagart, Edward"
945:Turner, Henry (1823).
901:Paz, Denis G. (1995).
828:10.1093/ref:odnb/25340
394:
385:Later lives and deaths
309:William Rowan Hamilton
246:Anna Laetitia Barbauld
166:Location and aftermath
83:
74:The school at Gateacre
1241:Sekers, David (ed.).
443:Jane Elizabeth Norton
392:
340:Anna Letitia Barbauld
264:Further information:
176:Andrew Barclay Walker
132:Thomas Stewart Traill
81:
1224:"Liverpool Worthies"
1065:Liverpool Daily Post
271:Hannah Mary Rathbone
160:Henry Enfield Roscoe
116:High Pavement Chapel
1640:. Tilt & Bogue.
1252:. pp. 21, 173.
366:Edwin Wilkins Field
334:, sister-in-law of
260:Family associations
128:Allerton, Liverpool
395:
216:Warrington Academy
214:and a governor of
172:Cornelius Sherlock
152:preparatory school
124:Christopher Wyvill
110:, and locally the
84:
1936:English educators
1843:978-1-85743-228-2
1782:978-0-415-92040-7
1691:Liverpool Mercury
1673:Liverpool Mercury
1657:. London: Kinder.
1534:978-1-874280-43-9
1352:(Subscription or
1303:978-0-14-191962-1
1276:978-1-78877-455-0
1228:Liverpool Mercury
1156:Gordon, Alexander
1138:978-0-7524-7200-3
1091:978-1-84631-068-3
1029:978-1-317-14263-8
967:Liverpool Mercury
914:978-0-313-29476-1
887:978-1-317-88862-8
860:978-0-7705-1590-4
834:(Subscription or
802:978-1-135-15580-3
734:978-0-19-928998-1
702:978-0-19-928998-1
672:978-1-317-88862-8
629:978-1-317-88862-8
593:978-1-4738-7570-8
482:978-0-8203-1528-7
427:Penelope Lawrence
405:Arabella Lawrence
336:Harriet Martineau
266:Arabella Lawrence
250:Gilbert Wakefield
200:Harriet Martineau
1953:
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411:Next generations
273:, the author of
144:Richmal Mangnall
89:William Shepherd
45:ejected minister
43:(1631–1696), an
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212:abolitionist
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41:Philip Henry
38:
16:
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1931:1859 deaths
1926:1780 births
1166:Lee, Sidney
439:James Bacon
235:Stalybridge
1920:Categories
1356:required.)
1250:qmul.ac.uk
985:The Albion
838:required.)
302:Addlestone
174:built for
120:Nottingham
49:Birmingham
35:Early life
25:Warrington
1874:The Eagle
1589:. author.
244:, son of
140:Wakefield
136:Childwall
64:governess
1687:"Deaths"
1669:"Deaths"
1552:Writings
1158:(1898).
100:Anglican
21:Gateacre
1168:(ed.).
948:Sermons
196:fustian
112:Everton
108:Bristol
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500:"Died"
479:
380:(1847)
354:(1820)
326:, and
142:, was
1654:Poems
1246:(PDF)
1164:. In
453:Notes
378:Poems
346:Works
1838:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1024:ISBN
909:ISBN
882:ISBN
855:ISBN
797:ISBN
729:ISBN
697:ISBN
667:ISBN
624:ISBN
588:ISBN
477:ISBN
445:and
227:Hyde
158:and
1342:doi
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300:at
118:in
1922::
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