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572:"You have got to think how to apply elements of design to these cheaply sold books; to put the touch of art on this thing that is going to be produced at a level price, which allows for no handwork, the decoration to be cut with a die, the books to go out by the thousand and to be sold at a low price. . . What I feel is that under these conditions, the more necessary it is to design covers well because they are really like aesthetic tracts. They go everywhere."
416:, Massachusetts. Its composition features a trio of contemplative young angels. Created to honor three members of the Lowell family who had died young, the Lowell Window is compositionally similar to the Honor and Peace Window she designed a few years later for Memorial Hall at Harvard University. She deliberately left the faces of the three angels undifferentiated in order to transcend individuality. It is considered one of her finest works in stained glass.
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significant plants. Transparent glass in the church is exemplified by a round window with a floral design in lead tracery. (This simplified, highly linear approach to design is also a hallmark of
Whitman's book design work.) The divider windows in the church, which are inset into a wooden wall between the front doors and the main church hall, are made of opalescent glass and feature
356:, including the rose window, floral windows, transparent windows with decorative leading, and divider windows. Her studio, Lily Glass Works, assembled the designs. Elements such as faces were executed in vitreous paint after her watercolor designs, as was standard practice at the time. Some final details may have been painted by Whitman herself after the windows were installed.
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Whitman was very active in arts organizations. She inaugurated the Boston Water Color Club for women in response to the fact that the Boston
Society of Water Color Artists admitted only men. She was also a charter member and vice-president of the Boston Arts and Crafts Society (1897–1904), which she
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in 1892, she stated that "American glassmakers (herself included), preferred to create their motifs by exploiting modulations in the colors and thickness of the stained glass itself rather than applying paint to the surface of the glass or depending upon the dark outlines of the leading, as did many
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Whitman's involvement with
Trinity Church early in her career extended beyond her work with stained glass. For thirty years (1874-1904), she taught an adult Bible class at the church during the winter. In the summers, she organized a Bible class at a Baptist church near her vacation home in Beverly
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The church's rose window is mainly executed in red cathedral glass of varying hues. Its center includes faceted orange 'jewels' that lend an extra sense of dimension to the window. The floral-motif windows are designed in colored glass against a plain translucent background and represent biblically
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Whitman was an innovator in
American modern stained glass. At a time when opalescent glass was sometimes criticized by traditionalists, Whitman argued for its adoption. She described the material as "a new form of stained glass, in which it is possible to attain an infinite variety of tones in the
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Whitman focused on painting early in her career. She worked in both oil and pastel, primarily painting rural landscapes and floral studies. She began to exhibit her work in the 1870s. She painted landscapes in
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and southern Maine. "She often explored the
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than was typical. Her spare designs featured elegant linear drawings or silhouettes (usually of plants) and sometimes an asymmetrical composition. Colors tended towards a muted palette of greens, golds, and deep reds. Her designs helped to spark a trend towards a more minimal aesthetic for book
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artist, painter, and book cover designer. Successful at a time when few women had professional art careers, she founded her own firm, Lily Glass Works. Her stained glass windows are found in churches and colleges throughout the northeastern United States. As a member of the board of the
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mysterious effects created by fog, twilight, mist, or moonlight, using broad sweeps of color that favor atmospheric effects over specific detail." She also painted many portraits. She liked to paint hers subjects against dark backgrounds, a style she learned in art studies in France.
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An unusual work is the church's
Jerusalem Window, which has a text in black letters against a golden ground. The letters are in a font of Whitman's own devising, one that she used also in some of her book designs. Above the text hovers the silhouette of a
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Over the course of two decades beginning around 1884, she designed the illustrations and covers of over 200 books, occasionally including some version of her own 'flaming heart' logo. She was the first professional woman artist to work regularly for
187:. She had one brother, Charles (1845-1911), who suffered from mental illness and was institutionalized in about 1882. By her third birthday, in the aftermath of her father's involvement in a bank scandal, the family had moved her to
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The Boston Arts and Crafts
Society organized a memorial exhibition of her book covers and stained glass windows in 1905. The following year, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts hosted an exhibit of her pastel and oil works.
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same sheet," noting that when both opal and color are mingled "there is a magnificence of effect never seen before". She was also well known for using clear panels in her work. Prominent stained glass artist
241:'s. Despite the fact that she never completed the French course of training, within a decade she had established herself as a successful stained glass window designer, painter, and book cover designer.
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Whitman considered that the designer's challenge was to create an aesthetically satisfying experience within the constraints imposed by the economics of book publishing. As she put it:
550:. She designed almost all of the covers for Jewett's novels. The cover for which she is best known showed ornamental poppies, and was designed for a book for a friend, Celia Thaxter's
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In 1884, Whitman got her first important commission on the recommendation of La Farge. She was commissioned to design several windows for the
Central Congregational Church in
522:. "Whitman helped to establish the medium, long the domain of die-cutters and binders, as a suitable specialty for artists, thus ushering in a new era in American design."
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Whitman was diagnosed with heart disease in 1901 but continued many of her activities up to her last illness. In her final years, she lived with her sister Mary Rice in
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Whitman was an influential spokesperson for
American stained glass, believing American glass to be superior to British stained glass. In an article, she wrote for
191:, where she spent most of her childhood with her wealthy Wyman relatives. When she turned 11, in 1853, she moved back to Lowell, where she was educated by tutors.
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At the age of 24, she married Henry
Whitman, a well-to-do wool and dry goods merchant. They hosted a literary club in their townhouse on Boston's
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Publishers' Bindings Online Exhibition, The Artistic Collaboration between Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909) & Sarah Wyman Whitman (1842–1904)
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in Kentucky, which had been founded by abolitionists. During her lifetime, she actively promoted Howard University and Tuskegee University.
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in Maine (1894): 100 windows, including a Memorial Window commemorating the Civil War in transparent glass with lead tracery
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Whitman became the first president of the Women's Auxiliary for the troops in Boston, most of which she organized herself.
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co-founded in 1897. She organized the annual fancy-dress ball for the city's Arts Festival. She also published one book,
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glass, an American invention of the 1880s that was becoming increasingly popular due to La Farge's innovative work in
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229:(1869–1871), one of their earliest women students. In 1877 she made the first of two trips to France to study with
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painted a posthumous portrait of Whitman that now hangs in the Radcliffe College Room of the Schlesinger Library.
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Whitman's artistic training was rather short. She began her artistic training at the age of 26 in Boston with
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in 1842 to banker William Wyman and Sarah Amanda (Treat) Wyman, who were visiting the city from their home in
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Farms. In both places, she raised funds for church-related projects such as a library and a reading room.
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894:"Stained Glass Pragmatism: Sarah Wyman Whitman's Lowell Window at First Parish, Brookline, Massachusetts"
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Memorial window for the room in Trinity Church parish house, dedicated to the recently deceased rector,
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described her as one of Boston's two "leading ladies" in the early 20th century, with the other being
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wrote, "She leaves a dreadful vacuum in Boston. I have often wondered whether I should survive her."
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Whitman is considered one of the most prominent book-cover designers of her day, often ranked with
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1101:"Sarah Wyman Whitman’s Book Covers in Relation to Her Designs for Central Congregational Church"
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In 1912, the third residence hall at Radcliffe College was named the Whitman Dorm in her honor.
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751:"Great Loss to Art World: Mrs. Henry Whitman of Boston Noted for her Stained Glass Designs"
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1173:. "Maryland Births and Christenings, 1650-1995", database, FamilySearch. 12 February 2020
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on June, 24th, 1904, at the age of 61. Of her death, her close friend the philosopher
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Whitman won numerous awards and exhibited her work widely at venues ranging from the
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The Boston Public Library's collection of Sarah Wyman Whitman bindings on Flickr.com
1192:"Parkman family, Edward Twisleton, and Sarah Wyman Whitman additional papers: Guide"
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has been located at Whitman's former home at 77 Mt. Vernon Street in Beacon Hill.
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and was one of their principal designers. She designed books by authors such as
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Phillips Brooks Memorial window, Trinity Church, Parish House, Boston c 1895
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273:. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts holds a number of her paintings, including
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965:"Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893"
1114:"Library Acquires Sarah Whitman Bookbindings | Bowdoin News Archive"
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1025:"Stained Glass by Sarah Wyman Whitman at Central Congregational Church"
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In 1896, Whitman designed a large window in opalescent glass for the
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856:"Sarah Wyman Whitman: Brief life of a determined artist: 1842-1904"
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At the end of the century, Whitman designed two large windows for
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77 Mount Vernon St. in Boston, Whitman's home from 1880 to 1904.
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Hirshler, Erica E.; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, eds. (2001).
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In the early 1880s, Whitman apprenticed herself to the noted
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Women in graphic design 1890–2012 = Frauen und Grafik-Design
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Sarah Wyman Whitman works at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts
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A studio of her own: women artists in Boston; 1870 - 1940;
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A large collection of books she designed was donated to
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The major beneficiaries of Whitman's will included the
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1205:Victorian Boston Today: Twelve Walking Tours
1194:. Houghton Library, Harvard College Library.
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832:"Sarah Wyman Whitman: The Life She Led"
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510:(Boston: Interstate Publishing, 1886).
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929:. University of Massachusetts Press.
641:in Alabama. She also left $ 2,000 to
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1027:. College of the Holy Cross website.
834:. College of the Holy Cross website.
364:, symbolic of renewal after winter.
179:Sarah de St. Prix Wyman was born in
1300:19th-century American women writers
1252:Guide to Sarah Wyman Whitman papers
1335:Artists from Lowell, Massachusetts
1325:19th-century American illustrators
1103:College of the Holy Cross website.
1076:(1st ed.). Boston: MFA Publ.
1049:The Sarah Orne Jewett Text Project
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420:Memorial Hall, Harvard University
175:Niagara Falls pastel drawing 1898
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659:A volume of her correspondence,
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275:Roses—Souvenir de Villier le Bel
1355:People from Beacon Hill, Boston
688:Whitman is commemorated on the
148:Sarah de St. Prix Wyman Whitman
1244:Letters of Sarah Wyman Whitman
1137:. Berlin: Jovis. p. 590.
1045:"LETTERS: Sarah Wyman Whitman"
661:Letters of Sarah Wyman Whitman
408:First Parish Church, Brookline
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159:"Annex," she helped to found
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1258:Sarah Wyman Whitman Bindings
1133:; Meer, Julia (2012-01-01).
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496:Book design and illustration
302:World's Columbian Exposition
150:(1842–1904) was an American
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921:O'Gorman, James F. (2004).
896:. Firstparishbrookline.org.
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516:Margaret Neilson Armstrong
267:National Academy of Design
949:"Art Awards at Buffalo".
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757:. 26 June 1904. p. 5
490:1904 St. Louis Exposition
459:Fogg Memorial Library at
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167:Early years and education
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1203:Petronella, May Melvin.
558:Arts and Crafts Movement
354:Worcester, Massachusetts
212:Isabella Stewart Gardner
124:Arts and Crafts Movement
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717:Strangers and Wayfarers
435:students killed in the
271:Pan-American Exposition
78:June 24, 1904 (aged 61)
60:Sarah de St. Prix Wyman
1235:The Making of Pictures
668:Helen Bigelow Merriman
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592:The Making of Pictures
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384:Trinity Church, Boston
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304:in Chicago, Illinois.
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1207:. UPNE, 2004, p. 110.
892:Hutchins, Francis G.
788:"Sarah Wyman Whitman"
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1271:(Harvard University)
1229:at Wikimedia Commons
786:Smith, Bonnie Hurd.
616:South Berwick, Maine
536:James Russell Lowell
520:Alice Cordelia Morse
431:to commemorate the
392:Whitman created the
344:English designers."
1248:. (via Archive.org)
1227:Sarah Wyman Whitman
675:Club of Odd Volumes
639:Tuskegee University
474:Schlesinger Library
298:Palace of Fine Arts
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1083:978-0-87846-482-1
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725:Sarah Orne Jewett
635:Radcliffe College
552:An Island Garden.
548:Sarah Orne Jewett
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281:(c. 1880),
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1284:Categories
1177:10 January
1055:2021-01-24
736:2010-04-22
696:References
580:in Maine.
341:The Nation
328:, Boston.
322:opalescent
239:Old Master
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970:28 August
362:snowdrops
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289:(1889).
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114:Painting
478:Courage
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316:artist
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138:Awards
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120:Style
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1139:ISBN
1078:ISBN
972:2018
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