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String will not change sruti while playing (frequency / sruti will not reduce or increase); Gamakam response adjustment – can be set for high response to smaller transverse deflection of finger or small response to more deflection. e.g., Selection can be made so that with a moderate pull of string, five-note gamakam can be achieved on the same fret; Enhanced volume, with the amplifier and speaker built-in to one of the gourds, adjustable volume; Increased sustenance of notes; thus long passages can be played with fewer plucks, adjustable ‘sustain’ to suit a user’s style; 8 ‘voice’ choices ( types of sound) – e.g. Tanjore veena, mandolin, saxophone, flute, etc.; Fixed frets on a wooden fret board, eliminating the more delicate wax fret board. No setting of melam. Digitally preset fret positions for perfect frequency of each note; Built-in electronic tambura for sruti and line-out facility, battery back-up in case of AC Mains power failure; Complete portability, as the sound box of the veena is dispensed with, and replaced by a detachable gourd with an ampli-speaker with easy assembly / disassembly.
692:
faced by them in using the acoustic veena: 1. Low sound output (volume) compared to other louder instruments like flute or violin, causing the sound of the veena to be almost inaudible in concerts comprising other instruments along with the veena. This necessitated use of a contact mike (pioneered by Emani
Sankara Sastri) or magnetic pickup (pioneered by S.Balachander). Usage of these requires carrying an additional amplispeaker to enable audibility to the performer. 2. Fragility of the acoustic instrument, causing frequent breakage and damage during travel. 3. Requirement of re-fretting every year or so, necessitating either carrying the instrument back to India or facilitating the travel and stay overseas, of the skilled artisan from India for this specific purpose.
377:) of the resonator. Four main playing strings tuned to the tonic and the fifth in two octaves (for example, B flat-E flat below bass clef - B flat- E flat in bass clef) stretch from fine tuning connectors attached to the end of the resonator across the bridge and above the fretboard to four large-headed pegs in the tuning box. Three subsidiary drone strings tuned to the tonic, fifth, and upper tonic (E flat - B flat- E flat in the tuning given above) cross a curving side bridge leaning against the main bridge, and stretch on the player's side of the neck to three pegs matching those of the main playing strings. All seven strings today are of steel.
40:
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260:. Eventually, the archer's bow paved the way for the musical bow. Twisted bark, strands of grass and grass root, vegetable fibre and animal gut were used to create the first strings. Over the veena's evolution and modifications, more particular names were used to help distinguish the instruments that followed. The word veena in India was a term originally used to generally denote "stringed instrument", and included many variations that would be either plucked, bowed or struck for sound.
699:
684:
given a new form which came to be known after the craftsmen of
Tanjavur as Tanjavur Veena. Modern life-style is no longer limited to definite routine within a small locality, thus along with performers and teachers of Veena, the community of craftsmen is also on decline. Attempts to start institutions of instrument-making have been made, but there is a strong need for conservatories which focus on all aspects of Veena. As a state party to
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Can be used at any pitch without changing strings; All four strings and tala strings tuned automatically and perfectly on selection of ANY pitch; Selection of PA / MA for mandara panchamam and taala panchamam strings – PA will change to MA on open string but first fret will still be Suddha
Dhaivatam;
683:
Veena represents the system of Indian music. Several instruments evolved in response to cultural changes in the country. Communities of artists, scholars and craftsmen moved around and at times settled down. Thus Veena craftsmen of
Kolkata were famous for their instruments. Similarly, Rudra Veena was
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are to date considered the most sophisticated. However, the purest natural sound is extracted by plucking with natural fingernails on a rosewood instrument construction, which is exemplified by the grandeur of the Mysore Veena. Pithapuram in East
Godavari District and Bobbili in Vijayanagara District
304:
and it is for this reason sometimes called the
Tanjore veena or the Raghunatha veena. The Saraswati veena contains 4 strings. It is said Govinda Dikshita father of Venkatamukhin, who was a musician and a minister in the court of Raghunatha Nayaka designed it. Prior to his time, the number of frets on
263:
The veena instruments developed much like a tree, branching out into instruments as diverse as the harp-like Akasa (a veena that was tied up in the tops of trees for the strings to vibrate from the currents of wind) and the
Audumbari veena (played as an accompaniment by the wives of Vedic priests as
765:
has described the veena as having a unique construction. The string terminations at both ends are curved and not sharp. Also, the frets have much more curvature than any other instrument. Unlike in guitar, the string does not have to be pushed down to the very base of the neck, so no rattling sound
727:
However, this did not solve other issues such as need for repeated retuning while playing, change of strings for playing on higher pitch, mismatch of same note on different strings, etc. This led to the invention of the
Digital veena (for which the inventor G Raj Narayan was awarded a patent by the
393:
The veena is played by sitting cross-legged with the instrument held tilted slightly away from the player. The small gourd on the left rests on the player's left thigh, the left arm passing beneath the neck with the hand curving up and around so that the fingers rest upon the frets. The palm of the
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Built-in electronic tambura for sruti in the other removable gourd; Matched pick-up and amplispeaker to enable authentic sweet veena sound; Adjustable independent volume control for main and taala strings; Adjustable frets on a wooden fret board, eliminating the more delicate wax fret board, frets
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Electronic and
Digital veena: Over the years, the acoustic Tanjavur veena (also known as Saraswati veena) has been used in solo and duet concerts in large auditoria. Performers have also been travelling across the globe for concerts. Many practitioners of the art live outside India. The challenges
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The veena has a recorded history that dates back to approximately 1700 BCE. In ancient times, the tone vibrating from the hunter's bow string when he shot an arrow was known as the Vil Yazh. The Jya ghosha (musical sound of the bow string) is referred to in the ancient
721:
can be adjusted easily by the user; Guitar-type keys for easy and accurate tuning; Complete portability, as the sound box of the veena is dispensed with, and replaced by a plank of wood. Easy assembly / disassembly; Usage on battery in case of AC Mains power failure.
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right hand rests on the edge of the top plank so that the fingers (usually index and middle) can pluck the strings. The drone strings are played with the little finger. The veena's large resonator is placed on the floor, beyond the right thigh.
1069:(born 1973) - Bangalore based, disciple of Padmasini Narasimhachar & R. K. Suryanarayana, composer of 90 varnas (including 72-varnas tuned in each of the 72-melakarta ragas), holder of the limca record for a 24-hour marathon veena concert.
510:
speaks of the greatness of the veena in the following verse: "One who is skilled in Veena play, one who is an expert in the varieties of srutis (quarter tones) and one who is proficient in tala (rhythm) attain salvation without effort."
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Scholars consider that, today, four instruments are signified by the name ‘veena’ (which, in the past, has been used as a generic, catch-all term for any stringed Indian instruments); these are the
Tanjavur (Saraswati) Veena,
413:). Modern innovations include one or two circular sound holes (like that of the lute), substitution of machine heads for wooden pegs for easier tuning, and the widespread use of transducers for amplification in performance.
403:, the left hand technique involves playing on the frets, controlled pushing on the strings to achieve higher tones and glissandi through increased tension, and finger flicks, all reflecting the characteristics of various
272:
was an ancient harp-like instrument that was also considered a veena. But with the developments of the fretted veena instruments, the yazh quickly faded away, as the fretted veena allowed for the easy performance of
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468:, is described as a versatile veena player. Scholars hold that as Saraswati is the goddess of learning, the most evolved string instrument in a given age was placed in her hands by contemporary artistes.
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Each physical portion of the veena is said to be the seat in which subtle aspects of various gods and goddesses reside in Hinduism. The instrument's neck is Shiva; the strings constitute his consort,
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All these factors led to the creation of the rudimentary electric veena, followed by the electronic veena(1986) and digital veena (2002) by the engineer-flautist G Raj Narayan of Bengaluru.(1971)
114:
373:)—about 2 x 2½ x 2 inches—is topped by a convex brass plate glued in place with resin. Two rosettes, formerly of ivory, now of plastic or horn, are on the top board (
1019:(born 1964) - Chennai based, disciple of Vasantha Krishnamurthy and Pichumani Iyer, Founder-President of Youth Association for Classical Music (YACM) and composer of many thillanas.
969:(born 1934) - Chennai based, disciple of Lalgudi Gopala Iyer, creator of a portable veena, advocate of gurukula tradition and founder of Sri Satguru Sangita Vidyalaya music school.
1927:
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prevalent in the Indian musical system. As is seen in many Hindu temple sculptures and paintings, the early veenas were played vertically. It was not until the great Indian
1063:(born 1973) - Chennai based, recognized with Kalaimani award, founder of Ravna International School of Veena, has worked with various music directors of Tamil movies.
614:. Upon the “table” (or the resonating body) is Saraswati. "Thus, the veena is the abode of divinity and the source of all happiness."- R. Rangaramanuja Ayyangar
671:
Modern-day evolving of the veena includes the Sruti veena (more an instrument for theoretical demonstration than for actual playing), which was constructed by
688:
Convention 2003, India has identified Veena as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage and proposed its inscription in the Representative list of UNESCO.
1000:
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Indian Patent office),demonstrated at the Madras Music Academy in 2002. This is the first synthesiser for Indian music, and its salient features are:
268:). Veenas ranged from one string to one hundred and were composed of many different materials like eagle bone, bamboo, wood, and coconut shells. The
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1785:
321:
While the Saraswati veena is considered in the lute genealogy, other North Indian veenas such as the Rudra veena and Vichitra veena are technically
1165:- Melbourne based, disciples of R. Pichumani and R. Venkataraman, recognized with the Multicultural Award for Excellence by the State of Victoria.
1469:
1832:
1193:
Maargashira/ Margazhi Veena Festival - since 2004 organized by Sri Guruguha Vaageyya Pratishtana Trust & Sri Guruguha Sangeeta Mahavidyala.
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and the lion (Yali) face the human backbone, and the twenty-four frets on the fretboard clearly represent the 24 vertebrae of the human spine.
1025:(born 1966) - disciple of Kalpakam Swaminathan, recognized with McKnight Performing Artists Fellowship and founder of Naada Rasa music school.
1860:
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1913:
1936:
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The electronic veena has gained popularity among users of the instrument. Videos of electronic veena concerts are available online.
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Veena Navarathri - since 2007 at Chennai organized by the Veena foundation and the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
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1009:(born 1961) - Bangalore based, the torch bearer of the Mysore style of Veena playing, son and prime disciple of Mysore V.
1470:"Kali | Hindu Matrimonial | Karma | Hinduism | Statue Ganesh | Vedic Astrology at Madhukali.com"
1520:
1374:
Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 202, 205, 207.
1028:
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is also depicted playing or holding a vina in his form called "Vinadhara," which means "bearer of the vina." The sage
981:(born 1944) - grandson and adoptive son of Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, 9th generation Veena player in the illustrious
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1807:
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Ahorathri Veena Mahotsava organized by Guruguha Vaggeya Pratishtana Trist & Sri Guruguha Sangeeta Mahavidyalaya
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Rashtriya Veena Mahotsava organized by Guruguha Vaggeya Pratishtana Trist & Sri Guruguha Sangeeta Mahavidyalaya
1118:
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is generated. This design enables a continuous control over the string tension, which is important for glissandi.
292:
According to musicologist P. Sambamurthy, "The current form of the Saraswati veena with 24 fixed frets evolved in
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1279:
Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 208-214.
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black wax on wooden tracks, and a tuning box culminating in a downward curve and an ornamental dragon's head (
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Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 203.
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International Veena conference and festival - since 2009 by Sri Annamacharya Project of North America (SAPNA)
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309:. Made in several regions in South India, those made by makers from Thanjavur in the South Indian state of
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577:. Veena or the Hindu goddesses playing the veena i.e. Saraswathi and Shakti have also been referred to as
80:
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1131:, member of Panchachanyam band, specialising in fusion music, over 5000 film recordings to her credit.
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The digital veena has also been used in junior/amateur concerts, and are available to view online.
1045:(born 1968) - Hyderabad based, disciple of Srinivasan and P. Srinivasa Gopalan, recognized with "
991:(born 1959) - Chennai based, disciple of Kamala Aswathama and T. M. Thyagarajan, recognized with "
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and Veena Subbanna in 1902. Seshanna was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of
2101:
1965:
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1578:
1137:- Chennai-based artists, disciples of A. Anantharama Iyer and A. Champakavalli, recognized with "
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1083:, recognized with Kalamamani Award (awarded to tamilians), founder of Indian National Orchestra.
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204:. There are several variations of the veena, which in its South Indian form is a member of the
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1601:"HINDU TEMPLE OF GREATER CHICAGO: EKANTHA SEVA: SARASWATHI RANGANATHAN: "MANAVYALAKINCHA..""
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reserved Rudra Veena for family and out of reverence began calling it the Saraswati Veena.
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635:). According to her, the veena is resemblant of the human skeleton, where the resonating
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1159:; recognized with Kalaimanani and Kumar Gandharwa Awards, also now for film recordings.
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1039:, organiser of Swathi Sangeethotsavam and member of the Travancore royal family.
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in the early 1960s, and on which all 22 srutis can be produced simultaneously.
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of Andhra Pradesh is also famous for Veena makers. Sangeeta Ratnakara calls it
17:
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Enhanced volume, with the amplifier and speaker built into one of the gourds;
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1837:
1089:- Creator of the Tarantino Veena. Founder of Tarantino Academy/ Disciple of
739:
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contains a verse stating that human beings are the “veena” created by God (
247:. They can be used to play either traditional music or contemporary music.
196:, who is usually depicted holding or playing the instrument. Also known as
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is known as a veena maestro, and refers to 19 different kinds of Veena in
2336:
2321:
2265:
2086:
2081:
1299:"Ektantri Veena: Excerpts from Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya - Articles OMENAD"
975:(born 1936) - Thiruvananthapuram based, disciple of K. S. Narayanaswamy.
543:
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the veena was less and also movable." The Saraswati veena developed from
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to name a few. Examples include "veena venu mridanga vAdhya rasikAm" in
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1115:- Versatile veena artiste known for his dynamic music. Reputed teacher.
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603:
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587:(in the Soundarya Lahari) in Sanskrit texts. Musical compositions like
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1435:
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About four feet in length, its design consists of a large resonator (
326:
322:
1411:"Sree Lalita Sahasra Nama Stotram - English | Vaidika Vignanam"
731:
231:. Out of these the rudra and vichitra veenas are used more often in
1324:
365:). If the veena is built from a single piece of wood it is called (
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2240:
2139:
2134:
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contain philosophies about the spiritual aspects of the veena.
1546:"Clutching the Intangible: Conserving Veena - Articles OMENAD"
947:
631:), and the Saraswati veena (instrument) is the man-made form (
1496:"Shruti Veena:the Sound Link (Instrument) - Articles OMENAD"
277:
and the myriad subtle nuances and pitch oscillations in the
1521:"The Last Notes Of The Thanjavur Veena | Forbes India"
1275:
1273:
1099:
Famous veena performer. Known for her viral veena covers.
1267:
Bonnie C. Wade (2004). "Music in India". Manohar, 90-93.
1121:- Exponent of the Gayaki style of music. Senior Vainika.
1109:", Lecturer in Veena S. V. Music College, TTD, Tirupati.
289:
that it began to be popularized as played horizontally.
1459:
Bonnie C. Wade (2004). "Music in India". Manohar, 93.
1175:, Saraswati veena and the Surbahar; inventor of the
494:
all contain references to the veena, as well as the
208:
family. One who plays the veena is referred to as a
2391:
2360:
2304:
2168:
2127:
2024:
1943:
1902:
playing Saraswati Veena in Hindustani Khayal Style.
1171:- Delhi-based civil services officer proficient in
880:was one of the early exponents and Veena player of
130:
106:
66:
56:
49:
714:The main characteristics of the electronic veena:
357:) topped with 24 brass or bell-metal frets set in
573:, "mAsil veeNaiyum mAlai madhiyamum" Thevaram by
349:) carved and hollowed out of a log (usually of
215:The Saraswati veena is one of 4 major types of
864:(1927 - 1990) (known for his individual style)
809:(1867 - 1938) (known for her individual style)
1921:
1325:"Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 1 Chapter 5 Verse 1"
773:beneath the frets may act as a noise filter.
318:, and gives the method for its construction.
124:, from the album '"Tribute to Veena Raja Rao"
8:
1896:Saraswati Veena in North Indian Khayal Style
1681:"Radel Veena Festival-GRS Murthy-Part 1.wmv"
581:(in the Lalitha Sahasranama for example) or
188:: സരസ്വതി വീണ) is an ancient Indian plucked
32:
369:) veena. A small table-like wooden bridge (
1928:
1914:
1906:
1141:" Award, founders of Veenavaadhini school.
621:has mentioned in many interviews that the
472:References in ancient texts and literature
1761:"Flute-digital veena duet 2013 - YouTube"
1436:"Carnatic Songs - mOkSamu galadA galadhA"
1001:Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University
514:Many references to the veena are made in
1863:. Hyderabad. The Hindu. 27 February 2015
1196:Mudhra Veenotsav - since 2005 at Chennai
1736:"Radel Digital Veena Concert - YouTube"
1656:"Domain Parked With VentraIP Australia"
1260:
735:Photo of demonstration of digital veena
1331:from the original on 30 September 2007
417:Religious associations within Hinduism
341:Tuning Pegs (Kunti) of Saraswati Veena
192:. It is named after the Hindu goddess
31:
1788:. Shimoga. The Hindu. 7 December 2013
1691:from the original on 22 December 2021
1611:from the original on 22 December 2021
1581:from the original on 22 December 2021
7:
285:composer and Saraswati veena player
235:, while the Saraswati veena and the
27:Plucked string instrument from India
1786:"10-day veena festival from Sunday"
1711:"Radel Digiveena concert - YouTube"
1351:"Saraswati Veena - Articles OMENAD"
1127:- disciple of Kamala Aswathama and
1105:- Tirupati based, recognized with "
1301:. 8 September 2008. Archived from
436:goddess of learning and the arts,
25:
389:Close up of a veena being played.
2305:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
2169:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
1833:"'Veena Navarathri' inaugurated"
1233:
1219:
1075:- Bangalore based, disciple of
858:(1938 - 2010) (Travancore style)
852:(1914 - 1999) (Travancore style)
239:are used more frequently in the
38:
891:(1932 - 2018) (Karaikudi style)
846:(1888 - 1958) (Karaikudi style)
606:, while the secondary gourd is
353:wood), a tapering hollow neck (
264:they chanted during ceremonial
202:Carnatic Indian classical music
440:, is often depicted playing a
1:
1571:"Raaga Alapana - Hamsadhwani"
1147:- Chennai based, disciple of
1119:Bhagyalakshmi Chandrasekharan
999:" awards, Vice Chancellor of
462:, the antagonist of the epic
1841:. Chennai. 12 September 2007
1385:"Jasmine Strings: Nada Yoga"
840:(1936 - 1996) (Andhra style)
834:(1922 - 1987) (Andhra style)
828:(1920 - 1997) (Mysore style)
815:(1852 - 1926) (Mysore style)
131:More articles or information
2392:Historical/possibly extinct
2481:
2465:Plucked string instruments
2445:Indian musical instruments
2435:Carnatic music instruments
1937:Indian musical instruments
1031:(born 1968) - disciple of
901:Madurai T. N. Seshagopalan
639:represents the skull, the
428:depicted playing the veena
219:today. The others include
1077:Padmavathy Ananthagopalan
1047:Ugadi Visishta Puraskaram
1033:Trivandrum R Venkataraman
983:Karaikudi Veena Tradition
967:Padmavathy Ananthagopalan
856:Trivandrum R Venkataraman
610:, and the dragon head is
409:and their ornamentation (
181:
173:
165:
135:
111:
71:
37:
1886:Google - Saraswati Veena
979:Karaikudi S. Subramanian
844:Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer
2460:Saraswati veena players
2368:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
1183:in the Saraswati Veena.
1055:Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham
889:Ranganayaki Rajagopalan
664:veena (also called the
571:Meenakshi Pancharathnam
2373:Indian classical music
2128:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
2025:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
1389:Egayathri.blogspot.com
1103:Tirupati Srivani Yalla
973:Rugmini Gopalakrishnan
962:
954:
944:
933:
932:Rugmini Gopalakrishnan
884:
797:
743:
736:
711:
710:Early Electronic veena
703:
679:Contemporary situation
429:
390:
342:
300:, during the reign of
125:
1898:See Video of Beenkar
1861:"Strings in dialogue"
997:Sangeet Natak Akademi
960:
950:
939:
931:
876:
819:Veena Venkatagiriappa
789:
742:
734:
709:
701:
617:Eminent veena player
424:
388:
340:
200:it is used mostly in
119:
1179:, known for playing
1139:Nadha Kala Vipanchee
943:performing a concert
924:Contemporary artists
911:Kalpakam Swaminathan
832:Emani Sankara Sastry
802:Muthuswami Dikshitar
782:Pioneers and legends
522:literature, such as
287:Muthuswami Dikshitar
85:Kalpakam Swaminathan
1305:on 8 September 2008
1153:Sharada Shivanandam
1037:K. S. Narayanaswamy
917:Mangalam Muthuswamy
850:K. S. Narayanaswamy
761:-winning physicist
120:Veena Kinhal, song
34:
2102:Electronic tanpura
1808:"Mudhra Veenotsav"
1129:Suguna Varadachari
1087:Dr. Suma Sudhindra
1011:Doraiswamy Iyengar
963:
955:
945:
934:
885:
826:Doraiswamy Iyengar
798:
754:Tone and acoustics
744:
737:
712:
704:
624:Aitareya Upanishad
525:Lalita Sahasranama
454:Sangita Makarandha
430:
391:
343:
126:
2440:Necked bowl lutes
2422:
2421:
2286:Jori (instrument)
1151:, and later with
1073:Jayanthi Kumaresh
1067:Prashanth Iyengar
1029:Prince Rama Varma
1023:Nirmala Rajasekar
961:Prince Rama Varma
941:Jayanthi Kumaresh
895:R Pitchumani Iyer
554:Shyamala Dandakam
506:. The Vedic sage
426:Goddess Saraswati
381:Playing technique
325:. Descendants of
198:raghunatha veena,
150:
149:
117:
93:Jayanthi Kumaresh
51:String instrument
16:(Redirected from
2472:
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1472:. Archived from
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878:Veenai Dhanammal
807:Veenai Dhanammal
777:Notable vainikas
602:. The bridge is
535:Soundarya Lahari
302:Raghunatha Nayak
233:Hindustani music
183:
175:
167:
118:
73:Veenai Dhanammal
42:
35:
21:
2480:
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2469:
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2424:
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2418:
2404:Eka-tantri vina
2387:
2356:
2300:
2164:
2123:
2062:Saraswati veena
2020:
1939:
1934:
1891:Saraswati Veena
1882:
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1660:Musicnagari.com
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1476:on 14 July 2011
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1391:. 15 April 2009
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1188:Veena festivals
1145:Revathy Krishna
1135:Jaysri-Jeyaraaj
1107:Veena Visharade
1061:Rajhesh Vaidhya
952:Veenai Gayathri
926:
871:
869:Other exponents
813:Veena Sheshanna
791:Veene Sheshanna
784:
779:
756:
681:
649:
593:Mokshamugaladha
474:
419:
383:
335:
316:Ekatantri Veena
253:
158:Saraswati veena
122:Haratanaya Sree
113:
97:Rajhesh Vaidhya
45:
44:Sarasvati veena
33:Saraswati veena
28:
23:
22:
18:Saraswati Veena
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2450:Carnatic music
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2137:
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2114:Vichitra veena
2111:
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1113:Phani Narayana
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633:maanushi veena
549:Kumarasambhava
473:
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283:Carnatic music
252:
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241:Carnatic music
225:vichitra veena
156:(also spelled
154:Sarasvatī vīṇa
148:
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141:Vichitra veena
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101:Punya Srinivas
77:S. Balachander
69:
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58:Classification
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1097:Veena Srivani
1095:
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1007:D Balakrishna
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913:(1922 - 2011)
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827:
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821:(1887 - 1951)
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673:Lalmani Misra
669:
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531:
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491:Natya Shastra
487:
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364:
360:
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348:
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332:
330:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
308:
307:Kinnari veena
303:
299:
295:
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36:
30:
19:
2409:Kinnari vina
2399:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
2176:Anandalahari
2061:
2042:Gottuvadhyam
1865:. Retrieved
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1525:Forbes India
1524:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:the original
1464:
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1440:Karnatik.com
1439:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1415:Vignanam.org
1414:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1388:
1379:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1293:
1284:
1263:
1241:Music portal
1227:India portal
1138:
1106:
1050:
1046:
996:
992:
768:
757:
749:
745:
726:
723:
719:
716:
713:
694:
690:
682:
670:
666:Chitra veena
662:Gottuvadhyam
650:
640:
636:
632:
628:
622:
616:
597:
592:
582:
578:
570:
566:Thiruvasagam
564:
558:
556:, and Tamil
553:
547:
533:
530:Adi Shankara
523:
516:old Sanskrit
513:
501:
495:
489:
486:Bharata Muni
477:
475:
463:
458:
441:
431:
410:
404:
398:
396:
392:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
346:
344:
333:Construction
320:
291:
262:
254:
237:chitra veena
221:chitra veena
214:
209:
197:
182:சரஸ்வதி வீணை
174:ಸರಸ್ವತಿ ವೀಣೆ
157:
153:
151:
145:Chitra veena
121:
107:Sound sample
29:
2455:Tamil music
2414:Pinaka vina
2052:Rudra veena
1900:Suvir Misra
1631:"- YouTube"
1173:Rudra veena
1169:Suvir Misra
1091:Chitti Babu
1049:" Award, "
1043:D. Srinivas
993:Kalaimamani
989:E. Gayathri
906:B.Sivakumar
838:Chitti Babu
759:Nobel Prize
654:Rudra veena
629:daiva veena
619:E. Gayathri
508:Yajnavalkya
258:Atharvaveda
245:South India
229:rudra veena
166:సరస్వతి వీణ
137:Rudra veena
89:E. Gayathri
81:Chitti Babu
2429:Categories
2327:Jal tarang
2092:Swarmandal
2072:Seni Rebab
2001:Shruti box
1976:Nadaswaram
1812:Mudhra.org
1550:Omenad.net
1500:Omenad.net
1355:Omenad.net
1255:References
1177:Misr Veena
1053:" of Shri
882:Tamil Nadu
763:C.V. Raman
311:Tamil Nadu
298:Tamil Nadu
2256:Mridangam
1956:Harmonium
1838:The Hindu
1480:15 August
1335:15 August
1017:B. Kannan
589:Tyagaraja
579:kachchapi
438:Saraswati
397:Like the
359:scalloped
351:jackfruit
294:Thanjavur
194:Saraswati
186:Malayalam
67:Musicians
2337:Khanjani
2322:Ghungroo
2266:Pakhawaj
2087:Swarabat
2082:Surbahar
1867:22 March
1845:15 March
1817:15 March
1792:24 March
1770:20 April
1745:20 April
1720:20 April
1695:20 April
1689:Archived
1665:20 April
1640:20 April
1615:20 April
1609:Archived
1585:20 April
1579:Archived
1555:20 April
1530:20 April
1505:20 April
1445:20 April
1420:20 April
1395:20 April
1360:20 April
1329:Archived
1309:20 April
1213:See also
647:Variants
584:vipanchi
563:and the
559:Thevaram
544:Sanskrit
542:'s epic
540:Kalidasa
503:Aranyaka
500:and the
478:Ramayana
465:Ramayana
444:The god
2352:Morsing
2347:Manjira
2342:Khartal
2246:Mardala
2226:Kanjira
2150:Sarinda
2145:Sarangi
2135:Dilruba
2097:Tanpura
2057:Santoor
1996:Shehnai
1991:Shankha
1951:Bansuri
1765:YouTube
1740:YouTube
1715:YouTube
1685:YouTube
1635:YouTube
1605:YouTube
1575:YouTube
995:" and "
771:beeswax
604:Lakshmi
600:Parvati
538:, poet
482:Puranas
375:palakai
371:kudurai
323:zithers
279:gamakas
251:History
210:vaiṇika
170:Kannada
2383:Jivari
2332:Kartal
2317:Ghatam
2312:Chimta
2296:Udukai
2276:Sambal
2261:Nagada
2251:Mizhav
2231:Khamak
2221:Edakka
2216:Dholki
2211:Dholak
2191:Damaru
2186:Chenda
2181:Chande
2160:Violin
2037:Ektara
2032:Dotara
2011:Tharai
2006:Sringa
1971:Kuzhal
1961:Karnay
1181:Khayal
824:Veena
795:Mysore
686:UNESCO
660:, and
612:Vishnu
608:Brahma
480:, the
460:Ravana
450:Narada
442:veena.
411:gamaka
367:Ekanda
327:Tansen
266:Yajnas
162:Telugu
62:string
2361:Other
2291:Tavil
2281:Tabla
2271:Parai
2241:Madal
2201:Duggi
2196:Dhaak
2140:Esraj
2109:Veena
2077:Sitar
2067:Sarod
1986:Pungi
1981:Nafir
1966:Kombu
641:dandi
637:kudam
575:Appar
546:poem
520:Tamil
497:Sutra
446:Shiva
434:Hindu
406:ragas
400:sitar
355:dandi
347:kudam
275:ragas
217:veena
190:veena
178:Tamil
2236:Khol
2206:Dhol
2155:Taus
2119:Yazh
2047:Pena
2016:Venu
1869:2015
1847:2015
1819:2015
1794:2015
1772:2021
1747:2021
1722:2021
1697:2021
1667:2021
1642:2021
1617:2021
1587:2021
1557:2021
1532:2021
1507:2021
1482:2011
1447:2021
1422:2021
1397:2021
1362:2021
1337:2011
1311:2021
1155:and
1079:and
1035:and
769:The
552:and
518:and
484:and
476:The
432:The
363:yali
270:yazh
227:and
206:lute
152:The
668:).
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488:'s
243:of
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