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sarcophagi are in the shape of a bed, and if it was placed on the left side of a tomb it was meant for a male and on the right, it was meant for a female. The male sarcophagus was carved to resemble a wooden bed, with the ends laying flat and the legs, if any, were carved in cylinders. That of the females would have the same features as the male, yet they would be enclosed in a house-like structure, with the ends of the bed raised in a triangular shape to resemble roofing. There have also been smaller sarcophagi found near where the women would be buried that have been presumed to be for children. They would indicate the number and gender of people on the outside of the tomb.
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such as the spouses, along with the materials, the scale of their urn or sarcophagus, if they add imagery, or how they create the dynamic of their people can show social ties. There could be inscriptions as well, such as family or clan names either located on the outside of the tomb or with their belongings. Another family value that has been touched on earlier in the banquets, which can be seen from the fresco and with the addition with the sarcophagus shows an eternal family dinner.
289:, people who were part of the Etruscan culture, created a different type of urn that was biconical. It has two cones connected together made without a potter's wheel, keeping the clay coarse and unrefined. They also made clay huts to contain their remains, which resemble the houses they lived in that have been found at an important Etruscan site, Cavalupo. They could place personal items with them such as weapons for men and jewelry for women.
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have participated in; for example, musicians are playing and people dancing. Similar to the Greeks they show what gender is being portrayed by what paint they used for their skin, light colors for females, and dark colors for males. From the fresco of
Monterozzi, it can be determined that the Sarcophagus of Spouses depicts a normal occurrence. There is a Banquet Plaque that was found at
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party and lounging on klines. In
Etruscan banquets, it was a common practice to have both men and woman, who had equal status in their society, share this event with each other as it is represented here in the fresco; they are side-by-side and shown in the same proportions and in similar poses. Both parties are smiling and expressing affection toward one another. The
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There are other types of sarcophagi that have a family meaning to them such as the rock-carved funerary beds that have been found at
Banditaccia, where the Spouses were found. These specific sarcophagi would have identifying features to show who was male and female buried in them. These rock-carved
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shows how the couples have bright colorful clothes, which could be compared to the paint that was on the sarcophagus. These bright colors show them as elites. They also have two attendants serving the banqueters, and on the sides of the tomb paintings showcase what entertainment the
Etruscans would
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relief, which has the same setting as the
Spouses, can show that they have a positive outlook on sending their loved ones to the afterlife since they are sharing their last meals with their family members for all eternity. This is also shown through the Etruscans burying parts of the meal with them
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Limited evidence has been found about what the
Etruscans did as a whole but from what has been found from sites dating back to the Orientalizing period, women of higher Etruscan society did have the same status as the men. Seen in burials they have been more lavish, as well with pottery that would
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A second similar sarcophagus that could have been from the same studio was found in Caere. The urn of Monte
Abatone, which is smaller than the other two, is made of terracotta and is in a similar style of laying on a couch or kline. It differs from the other two in that it is a single figure of a
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Another aspect that the
Etruscans were known for is their family ties. Since they made such elaborate tombs for their deceased loved ones, and the sarcophagus is based on a couple, it can be seen that family ties were important in their society. The use of funerary urns and how they were created,
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offerings for the ones who have died. There is a fresco painting on the back wall, which, even though damaged, shows a banquet dinner party, with people being depicted in similar positions as that depicted in the
Sarcophagus of the Spouses. There are three pairs of couples shown enjoying a dinner
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Another similar urn exists that has the same dynamic as the
Sarcophagus of the Spouses, just a smaller version. This urn also has a couple, the bare chested man embracing the clothed woman, leaning up against pillows, laying on a kline with their legs covered up and feet slightly sticking out.
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fashion, although the woman's braids are hanging over her shoulders while wearing a soft cap, and the man has braids behind that are fanned out over his shoulders and back. The faces of the couple show them smiling, and their eyes are distinctly almond-shaped, giving them a happy look.
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There is a line across the middle of the sarcophagus that shows that it was made as separate pieces. Their legs and hips have been stylized to fit better as a lid, with the only distinguishing figural features showing up at the end of the lid in the shape of their feet.
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Etruscan culture had an appreciation for taking care of the remains of their loved ones; this is seen by how many resources were put into creating their tombs and funerary art, so much so that their cemeteries were often called the 'cities of the dead' or a
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and was once brightly painted. It depicts a man and woman lying on a kline, a dining couch with cushions to help keep the spouses propped up, all of which have been stylized. The body proportions of the man and woman have been elongated as was common in the
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The funerary rituals that the Etruscans created ranged from a simple hut and small gathering to those a more elaborate space for loved ones such as a tomb or other funerary art or having mosaics and relief sculptures. One such tomb can be found in the
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378:), although only free women would have a personal name. It has been shown that women of the higher society were literate and that females related to a male by blood ties were respected since they were the ones carrying children through her bloodline.
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Archeologists have uncovered different types of Etruscan hut urns that have contained both male and female ashes and bone fragments, so it can be presumed that the Sarcophagus of the Spouses would have contained cremated remains.
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The man and woman's feet are distinguished from each other, as the man is shown barefoot and the woman wearing pointed-toed shoes, which is an Etruscan characteristic. However, the marked contrast between the
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318:, Italy, which is known for its painted walls that inform us what they did for their funerals and society. This subterranean rock-cut tomb was used for holding the remains of the dead as well as for
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406:(Cp 5194). This sarcophagus has similarities that can suggest that they were made in the same studio, from the size, shape, and function of the sarcophagi.
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and the very flattened legs is typically Etruscan, along with the interest of the upper half of the figures with their expressive faces and arms.
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woman, as she poses in a way that depicts her pouring a liquid, possibly oil or perfume, in her hand. This work is located at
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This sarcophagus was created in four separate pieces that were fired separately and then put together later on.
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Etruscan terracotta cinerary urn with spouses on lid, Caere (modern Cerveteri), 510–500 BCE
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along with the proper dishes and utensils so they would have that in the afterlife.
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Familia in Eternam : the intimate imagery of the egalitarian Etruscan couple
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1.14 m Ă— 1.9 m (3.7 ft Ă— 6.2 ft)
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Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria
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Smaller Urn that has similar proportions like the Sarcophagus of spouses
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y EnrĂquez de Cardona-Anglesola
760:. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. pp. Whole Book.
563:
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de Grummond, Nancy Thompson; Pieraccini, Lisa, eds. (2016-12-31).
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147:
103:
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159:
99:
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Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene
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Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
806:
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necropolis. It also is called the Sarcophagus of the Spouses (
127:
2904:
Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils
3150:
Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman
174:
The four separate pieces of the Sarcophagus, Louvre version
305:
Fresco Painting in Triclinio Tomb of the Funerary Banquets
4124:
Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
3156:
A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts
3125:
Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian
4197:
The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
3340:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
4463:
Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca
2730:
Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples
1739:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
4448:
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3427:Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist
2441:The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
2323:The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences
370:have inscriptions of both their individual name (
3508:Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse
2156:Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus
4439:Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
4426:Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
3578:Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine
669:, pp. xxvii–xlvii. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
2724:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
558:. University of Texas Press. pp. 97–184.
483:"ETRU Museo Nazionale etrusco di Villa Giulia"
278:. The main funerary practice for the dead was
2631:Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe
2612:Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea)
2317:The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music
1552:
842:
8:
4106:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
2799:Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII
2787:Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword
2304:Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas
944:Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)
722:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
98:lived in Italy between two main rivers, the
3181:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
2817:Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie
16:Sarcophagus in the National Etruscan Museum
2240:
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118:. The Etruscans were well known for their
18:
3603:Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
758:Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History
4394:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
4312:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
3933:Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
3270:Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation
2768:Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville
2514:Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople
2465:Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine
666:A History of Roman Art, Enhanced Edition
422:However this man does not have a beard.
412:National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia
3502:Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua
2860:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
2266:Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs
469:
424:
212:
4349:Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks
1804:Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription
715:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
90:considered one of the masterpieces of
4343:Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana
2878:Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene
2574:A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother
751:
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507:
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503:
477:
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335:Banquet Slab found at Poggio Civitate
122:sculptures and funerary art, largely
7:
3566:The Battle Between Love and Chastity
3408:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
3377:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
3327:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
3144:Three Scenes from the Life of Esther
2736:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
2429:The Intervention of the Sabine Women
801:
799:
434:Sarcophagus of spouses Louvre, Paris
4546:Archaeological discoveries in Italy
2934:Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
1909:Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming
512:Hemingway, Colette (October 2004).
4337:Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
4318:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
3653:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
3547:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
3402:The Healing of Justinian the Canon
3251:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
234:A close image of the Spouse's feet
187:. Their hair has been styled in a
14:
4093:The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam
3958:Madonna and Child with Two Donors
2544:The Murder of the Bishop of Liège
694:. Southern Methodist University.
110:through trade, mainly during the
4485:
4484:
4022:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
3801:(also attributed to Giorgione);
2885:Philippe de Champaigne
2872:Magdalene with the Smoking Flame
1744:Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
1522:
1271:English words of Etruscan origin
1145:Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)
967:
451:
439:
427:
251:
239:
227:
215:
178:This sarcophagus is made out of
27:
4161:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
4041:Card Players in a Rich Interior
3710:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
3671:Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan
3597:Piero della Francesca
2947:Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
2668:The Woman with a Gambling Mania
1224:Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
1025:Etruscan names for Greek heroes
807:"ETRU National Etruscan Museum"
623:"Guide to Ancient Etruscan Art"
106:, and were in contact with the
4536:Terracotta sculptures in Italy
4516:Collection of the Villa Giulia
4067:The Money Changer and His Wife
3087:Antonello da Messina
2854:The Adoration of the Shepherds
2718:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole
2106:Hercules and the lion of Nemea
1185:Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)
1160:Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
1:
4167:Helena Fourment with Children
3920:Triptych of the Sedano family
2960:Principal Monuments of France
2805:Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière
1986:Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
1904:Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III
4080:Diptych of an elderly couple
4028:Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
3647:Madonna with the Blue Diadem
3257:Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
2447:The Loves of Paris and Helen
2191:Winged Victory of Samothrace
2161:The Exaltation of the Flower
1714:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
1190:Battle of Populonia (282 BC)
1015:Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum
688:M., Curry, Virginia (2012).
134:is a late sixth-century BCE
4210:Dune Landscape near Haarlem
4136:Saint Matthew and the Angel
3971:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
3677:Self-Portrait with a Friend
3289:An Old Man and his Grandson
3024:The Embarkation for Cythera
2928:The Inspiration of the Poet
2823:Portrait of Monsieur Bertin
2587:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
2556:Portrait of Frédéric Chopin
2550:Orphan Girl at the Cemetery
2471:Portrait of Madame RĂ©camier
2111:Judgement of Paris (mosaic)
2076:Dinos of the Gorgon Painter
1175:Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)
386:A similar sarcophagus from
4562:
3997:Catharina Both-van der Eem
3723:Portrait of a Clad Warrior
3629:Angel Holding a Phylactery
3308:Adoration of the Shepherds
2625:Adoration of the Shepherds
2520:Liberty Leading the People
2423:The Coronation of Napoleon
2417:Andromache Mourning Hector
2279:Artists in Isabey's Studio
2141:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
2126:Marcellus as Hermes Logios
1849:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
1784:Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
1180:Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
1170:Battle of Fidenae (437 BC)
1096:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
939:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
150:and is now located in the
75:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
22:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
4511:6th-century BC sculptures
4480:
4286:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
4130:Philosopher in Meditation
3804:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3742:Birth of John the Baptist
3489:The Carrying of the Cross
3433:Saint Jerome in Penitence
3421:Christ Carrying the Cross
3194:The Sermon of St. Stephen
2508:The Death of Sardanapalus
2477:Portrait of Pope Pius VII
2239:
2228:
1924:Khonsuemheb and the Ghost
1648:
1637:
1585:
1574:
1520:
1117:Tomb of the Roaring Lions
965:
959:Titus Vestricius Spurinna
924:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
663:Kleiner, Fred S. (2010).
374:) and their family name (
26:
4261:van der Weyden
3836:The Battle of San Romano
3774:The Entombment of Christ
3768:The Crowning with Thorns
3641:Holy Family of Francis I
3590:Young Saint with a Sword
3080:Coronation of the Virgin
2762:The Flood of Saint-Cloud
1729:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
1314:National Etruscan Museum
1165:Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
756:Haynes, Sybille (2000).
152:National Etruscan Museum
64:National Etruscan Museum
4362:The Birth of the Virgin
4118:Landscape with a Castle
3131:Portrait of a Young Man
2781:The Apotheosis of Homer
2650:The 1821 Derby at Epsom
2526:Lion Devouring a Rabbit
2435:Leonidas at Thermopylae
2329:Boy with a Spinning-Top
2151:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
1724:Hurrian foundation pegs
1699:Bushel with ibex motifs
1334:Tumulus of Montefortini
4185:Marie de' Medici cycle
3616:Portrait of a Princess
3476:Triumph of the Virtues
3458:Madonna della Vittoria
3371:Saint John the Baptist
3314:Marriage of the Virgin
2922:The Funeral of Phocion
2829:Roger Freeing Angelica
2811:Oedipus and the Sphinx
2674:The Wounded Cuirassier
2662:The Raft of the Medusa
2593:The Children of Edward
2372:The Toilette of Esther
2292:The Brunette Odalisque
1799:Phoenician metal bowls
1155:Siege of Rome (508 BC)
1150:Siege of Rome (509 BC)
336:
306:
175:
142:that was found at the
83:
4267:Annunciation Triptych
4222:Storm Off a Sea Coast
4112:Bathsheba at Her Bath
3946:Charles I at the Hunt
3780:Madonna of the Rabbit
3736:Adoration of the Magi
2656:The Charging Chasseur
2538:The Massacre at Chios
2453:Minerva Fighting Mars
1929:Raherka and Meresankh
1919:Great Sphinx of Tanis
1824:Stele of the Vultures
1694:Baal with Thunderbolt
1689:Assyrian lion weights
1605:Pavillon de l'Horloge
1065:Monterozzi necropolis
858:Etruscan civilization
627:Open Textbook Library
339:The tomb fresco from
334:
304:
173:
84:Sarcofago degli Sposi
4173:Hercules and Omphale
4054:The Four Evangelists
3452:Judgement of Solomon
3396:Barbadori Altarpiece
3359:La belle ferronnière
3093:Christ at the Column
2992:A Mediterranean Port
2866:Joseph the Carpenter
2841:The Valpinçon Bather
2749:Jeune fille en buste
2186:Winged Lion of Vulci
2131:Nazareth Inscription
1779:Nazareth Inscription
1684:Amarna letter EA 367
1679:Amarna letter EA 365
1674:Amarna letter EA 364
1669:Amarna letter EA 362
1397:Civita di Bagnoregio
1070:Mythological figures
396:Sarcophage des Époux
4526:Etruscan sculptures
3901:Lamentation (PietĂ )
3849:The Wedding at Cana
3810:Woman with a Mirror
3635:La belle jardinière
3383:Virgin of the Rocks
3169:Death of the Virgin
3042:Jupiter and Antiope
2502:The Bride of Abydos
2496:The Barque of Dante
2459:Oath of the Horatii
2404:The Bridge at Narni
2207:Harbaville Triptych
2071:Diana of Versailles
2056:Boscoreale Treasure
2036:Borghese Collection
1991:Antinous Mondragone
1882:Gebel el-Arak Knife
1854:Worshipper of Larsa
1839:Tiara of Saitaferne
1814:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
1754:Manishtushu Obelisk
1266:Tyrsenian languages
1195:Roman-Etruscan Wars
1107:Terracotta warriors
3914:Cervara Altarpiece
3560:Apollo and Daphnis
3245:Allegory of Virtue
3175:The Fortune Teller
3005:Allegory of Wealth
2699:The Father's Curse
2260:Diana the Huntress
2212:Lampsacus Treasure
2041:Borghese Gladiator
2026:Athena of Velletri
2016:Apollo Sauroctonos
2011:Apollo of Piombino
1954:Statue of Karomama
1939:Tomb of Akhethetep
1769:Namara inscription
1664:ĘżAin Ghazal statue
1309:Monteleone Chariot
1260:Tabula Cortonensis
1040:Haruspex/Extispicy
879:Villanovan culture
382:Similar sarcophagi
337:
307:
264:Historical context
176:
4521:Etruscan ceramics
4498:
4497:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
3984:The Tree of Crows
3823:PietĂ with Saints
3683:Small Holy Family
2910:Et in Arcadia ego
2705:The Village Bride
2693:The Broken Vessel
2687:The Bible Reading
2532:Mademoiselle Rose
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2091:Furietti Centaurs
1934:Stela of Pasenhor
1888:The Seated Scribe
1819:Statue of Ebih-Il
1759:Masub inscription
1709:Code of Hammurabi
1633:
1632:
1615:Pyramide inversée
1600:Pavillon de Flore
1534:
1533:
1304:Impasto (pottery)
1055:Liver of Piacenza
1005:Chimera of Arezzo
518:www.metmuseum.org
390:was found at the
70:
69:
4553:
4488:
4487:
4459:
4435:
4422:
4390:
4377:
4368:The Young Beggar
4358:
4333:
4308:
4282:
4263:
4244:
4231:
4216:The Ray of Light
4206:
4191:The Village FĂŞte
4157:
4102:
4089:
4076:
4063:
4050:
4037:
4018:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3942:
3929:
3910:
3897:
3884:
3871:
3845:
3832:
3819:
3798:Pastoral Concert
3786:Man with a Glove
3764:
3751:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3692:
3625:
3612:
3599:
3581:(with Ingegno);
3556:
3543:
3530:
3517:
3498:
3485:
3442:
3417:
3392:
3349:
3336:
3323:
3304:
3285:
3266:
3239:Allegory of Vice
3235:
3222:
3203:
3190:
3165:
3140:
3115:
3106:The Four Seasons
3102:
3089:
3076:
3020:
3011:Hesselin Madonna
3001:
2988:
2975:
2956:
2943:
2916:The Four Seasons
2900:
2887:
2850:
2835:The Turkish Bath
2793:Grande Odalisque
2777:
2758:
2745:
2714:
2683:
2646:
2621:
2608:
2599:The Young Martyr
2583:
2568:Women of Algiers
2492:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2360:Aline Chassériau
2356:
2313:
2288:
2275:
2256:
2241:
2230:
2146:Sleeping Ariadne
2096:Gladiator Mosaic
2061:Cupid and Psyche
2006:Apollo of Mantua
2001:Apollo Belvedere
1894:Banishment Stela
1844:Vase of Entemena
1704:Cippi of Melqart
1650:
1639:
1590:Louvre Colonnade
1576:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1526:
1247:Lemnian language
1218:Cippus Perusinus
1137:Military history
971:
889:Founding of Rome
884:Padanian Etruria
851:
844:
837:
828:
821:
820:
818:
817:
811:www.museoetru.it
803:
794:
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619:
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525:
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487:www.museoetru.it
479:
455:
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431:
398:) and is in the
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19:
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4468:
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4431:
4418:
4405:
4400:Saint Apollonia
4386:
4373:
4354:
4329:
4304:
4291:
4278:
4273:Braque Triptych
4259:
4240:
4227:
4202:
4153:
4098:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4046:
4033:
4014:
4009:The Lute Player
3989:
3976:
3963:
3938:
3925:
3906:
3893:
3880:
3867:
3854:
3841:
3828:
3815:
3760:
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3728:
3715:
3702:
3688:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3552:
3539:
3526:
3513:
3494:
3481:
3470:Saint Sebastian
3438:
3413:
3388:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3300:
3281:
3262:
3231:
3218:
3199:
3186:
3161:
3136:
3119:Christ Blessing
3111:
3098:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3054:The Two Cousins
3016:
2997:
2984:
2971:
2952:
2939:
2896:
2891:Ex-Voto de 1662
2883:
2846:
2773:
2754:
2741:
2710:
2679:
2642:
2617:
2604:
2579:
2488:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2378:The Two Sisters
2352:
2309:
2284:
2271:
2252:
2235:
2216:
2195:
2116:Lady of Auxerre
2086:Eurytios Krater
2031:Barberini ivory
1996:Antioch mosaics
1971:
1958:
1949:Hunters Palette
1868:
1859:Yehawmilk Stele
1829:Stele of Zakkur
1809:Sidon Mithraeum
1719:Gudea cylinders
1657:and Middle East
1656:
1644:
1629:
1625:Medieval Louvre
1581:
1570:
1565:
1535:
1530:
1516:
1343:
1275:
1242:Raetic language
1199:
1131:
1035:Fanum Voltumnae
1030:Tiburtine Sibyl
1020:Etruscan League
972:
963:
934:Servius Tullius
914:Caelius Vibenna
860:
855:
825:
824:
815:
813:
805:
804:
797:
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346:Poggio Civitate
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4384:
4371:
4352:
4327:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4276:
4257:
4248:The Astronomer
4238:
4225:
4200:
4151:
4148:Slaughtered Ox
4096:
4083:
4070:
4057:
4044:
4031:
4012:
4003:The Gypsy Girl
3987:
3974:
3961:
3936:
3923:
3904:
3891:
3878:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3839:
3826:
3813:
3758:
3745:
3726:
3713:
3700:
3699:(with Raphael)
3686:
3650:(with Penni);
3619:
3606:
3593:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3492:
3479:
3436:
3411:
3386:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3298:
3279:
3276:Reign of Comus
3260:
3229:
3216:
3197:
3184:
3159:
3134:
3109:
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2203:
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2188:
2183:
2181:Venus of Arles
2178:
2176:Venus Genetrix
2173:
2168:
2166:Venus and Mars
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Las Incantadas
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Diana of Gabii
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Borghese Venus
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
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1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1960:
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1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Dendera zodiac
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:Bentresh stela
1896:
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1628:
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1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:Louvre Pyramid
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1253:Tabula Capuana
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990:Apollo of Veii
986:
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954:Lars Tolumnius
951:
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839:
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823:
822:
795:
773:
767:978-0892366002
766:
729:
701:978-1267907585
700:
671:
639:
579:
573:978-1477310458
572:
564:10.7560/308431
529:
514:"Etruscan Art"
499:
468:
467:
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462:
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460:
457:
450:
448:
445:
438:
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433:
426:
383:
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365:Etruscan women
363:
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314:necropolis of
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185:Archaic period
167:
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146:necropolis in
116:Archaic Period
108:Ancient Greeks
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4254:The Lacemaker
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4142:Self-Portrait
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4035:de Hooch
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4024:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3986:
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3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3965:van Eyck
3962:
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3948:
3947:
3941:
3940:van Dyck
3937:
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3879:
3877:
3876:
3875:Ship of Fools
3870:
3866:
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3857:
3851:
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3814:
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3799:
3794:
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3788:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3755:Self Portrait
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3712:
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3698:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3665:Saint Michael
3661:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3643:
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3637:
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3631:
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3624:
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3568:
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3404:
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3329:
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3310:
3309:
3303:
3299:
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3284:
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3271:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
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3234:
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3228:
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3221:
3217:
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3209:
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3177:
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3164:
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3158:
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3146:
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3139:
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3127:
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3110:
3108:
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3081:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:L'Indifférent
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2987:
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2906:
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2899:
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2868:
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2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2849:
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2837:
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2831:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2819:
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2813:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2740:
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2737:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2483:Self-Portrait
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2437:
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2431:
2430:
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2419:
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2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2366:Self-Portrait
2362:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:Diana Bathing
2294:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Venus de Milo
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Hera Borghese
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Borghese Vase
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Ares Borghese
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1874:Ancient Egypt
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Neirab steles
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Lament for Ur
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
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1659:
1655:
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1647:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:Louvre Museum
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:San Giovenale
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Tomb of Orcus
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Pyrgi Tablets
1235:
1233:
1232:
1231:Liber Linteus
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Titus Larcius
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
970:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Aulus Vibenna
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
833:
832:
829:
812:
808:
802:
800:
796:
785:
784:
777:
774:
769:
763:
759:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
730:
725:
719:
711:
707:
703:
697:
693:
692:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
640:
628:
624:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
580:
575:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
530:
519:
515:
508:
506:
504:
500:
488:
484:
478:
476:
474:
470:
463:
454:
449:
442:
437:
430:
425:
423:
419:
417:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
364:
362:
358:
351:
349:
347:
342:
333:
329:
326:
321:
317:
313:
303:
296:
294:
290:
288:
283:
281:
277:
268:
263:
254:
249:
242:
237:
230:
225:
218:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
197:
193:
190:
186:
181:
172:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:Orientalizing
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
4541:Funerary art
4461:
4456:
4437:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4398:
4392:
4387:
4381:The Clubfoot
4379:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4355:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4284:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4015:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3894:
3886:
3881:
3873:
3868:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3689:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3659:Saint George
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3584:St Sebastian
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3541:Parmigianino
3540:
3534:Ancient Rome
3532:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3282:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3074:Fra Angelico
3073:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3030:The Faux Pas
3028:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2848:La Tour
2847:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2774:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2391:Village FĂŞte
2389:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2347:Saying Grace
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2258:
2253:
2140:
2136:Rampin Rider
1944:Bull Palette
1886:
1864:Ziwiye hoard
1834:Tayma stones
1794:Osorkon Bust
1749:Lion of Mari
1447:Poggio Colla
1339:Vicus Tuscus
1319:Negau helmet
1258:
1251:
1229:
1222:
1095:
1094:
995:Architecture
949:Lars Porsena
814:. Retrieved
810:
788:, retrieved
782:
776:
757:
690:
665:
631:. Retrieved
626:
554:
521:. Retrieved
517:
491:. Retrieved
489:(in Italian)
486:
420:
408:
395:
385:
368:
359:
355:
338:
308:
291:
284:
272:
209:
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156:Villa Giulia
92:Etruscan art
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4324:Saint Louis
3888:The Beggars
3792:Pardo Venus
3521:Dead Christ
3446:Crucifixion
3283:Ghirlandaio
2562:The Picador
1981:Albani lion
1764:Mesha Stele
1643:Antiquities
1620:Cour Carrée
1595:Lescot Wing
1324:Portonaccio
1299:Etruscology
899:Tyrrhenians
392:Banditaccia
287:Villanovans
202:high-relief
166:Description
144:Banditaccia
140:sarcophagus
138:anthropoid
132:sarcophagus
88:tomb effigy
39:530–510 BCE
4531:Sarcophagi
4505:Categories
3749:Tintoretto
3730:Signorelli
3515:Palmezzano
3295:Visitation
3163:Caravaggio
3138:Botticelli
3100:Arcimboldo
2354:Chassériau
2335:The Buffet
2081:Dying Gaul
1357:Acquarossa
1281:Archeology
816:2021-10-27
790:2021-10-27
633:2021-11-09
523:2021-11-08
493:2021-10-27
464:References
341:Monterozzi
312:Monterozzi
276:necropolis
180:terracotta
124:sarcophagi
120:terracotta
52:Dimensions
47:Terracotta
4420:Bonington
4100:Rembrandt
3978:Friedrich
3610:Pisanello
3464:Parnassus
3365:Mona Lisa
3233:Correggio
3188:Carpaccio
2644:GĂ©ricault
2619:Fragonard
2581:Delaroche
2490:Delacroix
2254:Anonymous
2234:Paintings
2200:Byzantine
1654:Near East
1492:Vetulonia
1477:Tarquinia
1452:Populonia
1422:Fescennia
1392:Cerveteri
1349:Key sites
1060:Mezentius
894:Tyrrhenus
718:cite book
710:861556780
372:praenomen
316:Tarquinia
280:cremation
269:Cremation
96:Etruscans
4490:Category
4449:American
4388:Zurbarán
4306:El Greco
4229:Scheffer
4204:Ruisdael
4048:Jordaens
3895:Christus
3860:Northern
3843:Veronese
3704:Salviati
3554:Perugino
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3347:Leonardo
3302:Giordano
3201:Carracci
2973:Scheffer
2637:The Bolt
2622::
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1973:Etruscan
1580:Building
1507:Volterra
1502:Volsinii
1497:Vie Cave
1482:Tuscania
1462:Rusellae
1294:Cuniculi
1289:Bucchero
1213:Alphabet
1205:Language
1090:Religion
1080:Poppilia
929:Tanaquil
136:Etruscan
102:and the
60:Location
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1774:Narundi
1442:Perusia
1437:Orvieto
1432:Norchia
1427:Fidenae
1417:Falerii
1412:Etruria
1402:Clusium
1377:Bologna
1372:Baratti
1075:Persius
1045:Jewelry
982:society
978:Culture
904:Tarchon
874:Origins
866:History
297:Rituals
189:plaited
86:) is a
80:Italian
4457:Leutze
4375:Ribera
4155:Rubens
4061:Matsys
3762:Titian
3690:Romano
3528:Panini
3334:Guardi
3321:Giotto
3226:MaestĂ
2986:Vernet
2954:Robert
2775:Ingres
2743:Guérin
2681:Greuze
2385:Claude
2273:Boilly
2245:French
1964:Greece
1528:Portal
1367:Aleria
1122:Vegoia
1050:Lausus
786:, 0510
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629:. 2019
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400:Louvre
352:Family
325:fresco
320:votive
246:Detail
222:Detail
130:. The
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66:, Rome
4433:Lewis
4087:Metsu
3927:DĂĽrer
3908:David
3869:Bosch
3415:Lotto
3390:Lippi
3264:Costa
2999:Vouet
2411:David
2398:Corot
1512:Vulci
1472:Spina
1457:Pyrgi
1407:Cumae
1382:Caere
1362:Adria
1127:Vulca
1102:Tages
1085:Raeti
1010:Coins
919:Capys
555:Caere
404:Paris
388:Caere
376:nomen
205:busts
148:Caere
104:Tiber
4331:Goya
3991:Hals
3817:Tura
2756:Huet
2712:Gros
1968:Rome
1966:and
1487:Veii
1387:Ceri
980:and
783:urne
762:ISBN
724:link
706:OCLC
696:ISBN
568:ISBN
416:Rome
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